Lipoxygenases (LOXs, linoleate: oxygen reductase, E.C. 1.13.11.12) are a family of non-heme ironcontaining dioxygenases. LOXs are associated with several inflammation-related diseases such as arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular, kidney, skin and allergic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and metabolic syndrome. In this study, the inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts prepared from 12 different plants and 12 different chemical compounds were investigated on the activity of LOX which has an important value in the health area. All the plant extracts and chemical substances used in our study showed LOX inhibitory effect. The enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts and chemical compounds were increasing in a dose-dependent manner. The results obtained in the present study indicate that plant extracts and chemical compounds examined can be a potential source of novel antiinflammatory therapeutics.
{"title":"Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activities of Some Plant Extracts and Chemical Compounds","authors":"O. Sacan, Emin Turhan","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.47797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.47797","url":null,"abstract":"Lipoxygenases (LOXs, linoleate: oxygen reductase, E.C. 1.13.11.12) are a family of non-heme ironcontaining dioxygenases. LOXs are associated with several inflammation-related diseases such as arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular, kidney, skin and allergic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and metabolic syndrome. In this study, the inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts prepared from 12 different plants and 12 different chemical compounds were investigated on the activity of LOX which has an important value in the health area. All the plant extracts and chemical substances used in our study showed LOX inhibitory effect. The enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts and chemical compounds were increasing in a dose-dependent manner. The results obtained in the present study indicate that plant extracts and chemical compounds examined can be a potential source of novel antiinflammatory therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82428797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Escherichia coli possesses at least two iron storage proteins: FtnA (ferritin) and Bfr (Bacterioferritin). FtnA is shown to be a major iron storage protein in E. coli . Although Bfr resembles the ferritin in many of its structural and functional features, the role of Bfr in E. coli is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of E. coli Bfr in stress induced conditions. In this study, E. coli bfr - (lacking the chromosomal bfr gene) and E. coli bfr + (the same as the former but containing the E. coli bfr overexpression vector) mutants were used. In order to examine the role of E. coli Bfr in stress induced conditions, E. coli cells were grown in the presence of excess iron. In the case of hydrogen peroxide toxicity, the cells were grown in an agar plate containing hydrogen peroxide discs and the results of toxicity were expressed as the size of the cell death zone. In order to find out whether Bfr supports cell growth under iron and phosphate starvation, the E. coli cells were grown in iron and phosphate depleted media. In E. coli the overproduced Bfr did not support the growth of cells under iron and phosphate deficient conditions. The results showed that overproduced Bfr in E. coli does not contribute to the survival of the cell in iron and phosphate starvation. Furthermore, it does not enhance the resistance of E. coli against iron and hydrogen peroxide toxicity.
{"title":"The role of Escherichia coli bacterioferritin in stressed induced conditions","authors":"E. Çelen, M. Kılıç, G. Moore","doi":"10.18478/iufsjb.70302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/iufsjb.70302","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli possesses at least two iron storage proteins: FtnA (ferritin) and Bfr (Bacterioferritin). FtnA is shown to be a major iron storage protein in E. coli . Although Bfr resembles the ferritin in many of its structural and functional features, the role of Bfr in E. coli is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of E. coli Bfr in stress induced conditions. In this study, E. coli bfr - (lacking the chromosomal bfr gene) and E. coli bfr + (the same as the former but containing the E. coli bfr overexpression vector) mutants were used. In order to examine the role of E. coli Bfr in stress induced conditions, E. coli cells were grown in the presence of excess iron. In the case of hydrogen peroxide toxicity, the cells were grown in an agar plate containing hydrogen peroxide discs and the results of toxicity were expressed as the size of the cell death zone. In order to find out whether Bfr supports cell growth under iron and phosphate starvation, the E. coli cells were grown in iron and phosphate depleted media. In E. coli the overproduced Bfr did not support the growth of cells under iron and phosphate deficient conditions. The results showed that overproduced Bfr in E. coli does not contribute to the survival of the cell in iron and phosphate starvation. Furthermore, it does not enhance the resistance of E. coli against iron and hydrogen peroxide toxicity.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87471158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant-derived compounds comprise diverse biological activities with different mechanisms of actions. Aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous flower and leaf extracts of Calendula officinalis (pot marigold) on plant-borne pathogens, with total phenolic contents and analysis of phenolics. Flower methanol and aqueous extracts had activity against 4 and 5 strains, respectively out of 11 phytopathogens tested. Highest activity was obtained with methanol extract of flower against E. amylovara and C. michiganensis in all strains tested with 256 and 512 µg/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations, respectively. Total phenolic content of flower extracts were higher than leaf extracts, and the methanol extract of the flower had the highest total phenols among four extracts obtained. Two flower extracts with antibacterial activity were tested for phenolic content. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and salicylic acid were common in both methanol and aqueous flower extracts. Gallic acid was only present in methanol extract, whereas vanillic acid was present in the aqueous extract. Higher antibacterial activity of the methanol extract may be correlated to the considerably higher relative rutin amount. Considering eco-safety and effectiveness, antibacterial activities of plant extracts would be important in phytopathogen control.
{"title":"Phenolic composition and antibacterial activity of crude methanolic Calendula officinalis flower extract against plant pathogenic bacteria","authors":"Özüm Larçin, D. A. Körpe, Ö. Işeri, F. Sahin","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.29216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.29216","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-derived compounds comprise diverse biological activities with different mechanisms of actions. Aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous flower and leaf extracts of Calendula officinalis (pot marigold) on plant-borne pathogens, with total phenolic contents and analysis of phenolics. Flower methanol and aqueous extracts had activity against 4 and 5 strains, respectively out of 11 phytopathogens tested. Highest activity was obtained with methanol extract of flower against E. amylovara and C. michiganensis in all strains tested with 256 and 512 µg/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations, respectively. Total phenolic content of flower extracts were higher than leaf extracts, and the methanol extract of the flower had the highest total phenols among four extracts obtained. Two flower extracts with antibacterial activity were tested for phenolic content. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and salicylic acid were common in both methanol and aqueous flower extracts. Gallic acid was only present in methanol extract, whereas vanillic acid was present in the aqueous extract. Higher antibacterial activity of the methanol extract may be correlated to the considerably higher relative rutin amount. Considering eco-safety and effectiveness, antibacterial activities of plant extracts would be important in phytopathogen control.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87816773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The responses of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence parameters, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and cell viability were investigated in callus cultures of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) ‘Tekirdag’, ‘Pehlivan’ and ‘Flamura-85’ cultivars under various NaCl concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 M). According to two-way ANOVA, the interaction between NaCl treatments and cultivars on the antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and H 2 O 2 content were statistically significant. Statistically significant differences between cultivars were also detected using two-way ANOVA analyses of antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA and H 2 O 2 content. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased under salt treatments, except for catalase activity in Tekirdag. Proline and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content increased significantly with NaCl concentrations whereas the reduced glutathione (GSH) increase was not statistically significant. GSH/GSSG ratios decreased under salt treatments in all three wheat cultivars as compared to the control. MDA and H 2 O 2 content increased, but the viabilities of callus cultures decreased as salt concentrations increased. Based on the cellular responses of three different wheat calli against salinity, Flamure-85 was the best one because of its superior antioxidant defence system.
{"title":"Three wheat cultivars’ responses to NaCl treatments: changes in lipid peroxidation, cell viability, hydrogen peroxide content and antioxidant defence parameters","authors":"A. Sen, S. Alikamanoğlu","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.56960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.56960","url":null,"abstract":"The responses of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence parameters, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and cell viability were investigated in callus cultures of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) ‘Tekirdag’, ‘Pehlivan’ and ‘Flamura-85’ cultivars under various NaCl concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 M). According to two-way ANOVA, the interaction between NaCl treatments and cultivars on the antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and H 2 O 2 content were statistically significant. Statistically significant differences between cultivars were also detected using two-way ANOVA analyses of antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA and H 2 O 2 content. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased under salt treatments, except for catalase activity in Tekirdag. Proline and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content increased significantly with NaCl concentrations whereas the reduced glutathione (GSH) increase was not statistically significant. GSH/GSSG ratios decreased under salt treatments in all three wheat cultivars as compared to the control. MDA and H 2 O 2 content increased, but the viabilities of callus cultures decreased as salt concentrations increased. Based on the cellular responses of three different wheat calli against salinity, Flamure-85 was the best one because of its superior antioxidant defence system.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77190234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A karyological study using the Image Analysis System was conducted of eight taxa of the genus Medicago L. namely M. radiata L., M. intertexta (L.) Mill. M. orbicularis (L.) Bart. , M. laciniata (L.) Mill., M. coronate (L.) bartal, M. rigidula (L.) All., M. polymorpha L.and M. scutellata (L.) Mill. used as forage plants from different geographic origins of Fars province from Iran. We found the two usual basic chromosome numbers in the genus, x=7 and x=8. In the group with x=7, two diploid (2n=14), one tetraploid (2n=28) species and in the group with x=8, five diploid (2n=16) species were found. Detailed karyotype analysis allows us to group the different species and to postulate relationships among them.
利用图像分析系统对紫花苜蓿属8个分类群(M. radiata L.， M. intertexta (L.))进行了核生物学研究。轧机。圆轮虫(L.)Bart. M. laciniata (L.)轧机。M. coronate (L.) bartal, M. rigidula (L.)所有人。、多花田葵、花田葵轧机。用作饲料的植物，来自伊朗法尔斯省的不同地理来源。我们发现了两种常见的基本染色体数，x=7和x=8。x=7组有2个二倍体(2n=14)种，1个四倍体(2n=28)种，x=8组有5个二倍体(2n=16)种。详细的核型分析使我们能够对不同的物种进行分类，并推测它们之间的关系。
{"title":"Cytogenetic Studies in Some Species of Medicago L. in Iran","authors":"S. Sadeghian, S. M. H. Hejazi","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.63904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.63904","url":null,"abstract":"A karyological study using the Image Analysis System was conducted of eight taxa of the genus Medicago L. namely M. radiata L., M. intertexta (L.) Mill. M. orbicularis (L.) Bart. , M. laciniata (L.) Mill., M. coronate (L.) bartal, M. rigidula (L.) All., M. polymorpha L.and M. scutellata (L.) Mill. used as forage plants from different geographic origins of Fars province from Iran. We found the two usual basic chromosome numbers in the genus, x=7 and x=8. In the group with x=7, two diploid (2n=14), one tetraploid (2n=28) species and in the group with x=8, five diploid (2n=16) species were found. Detailed karyotype analysis allows us to group the different species and to postulate relationships among them.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84367823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Esmaeili, R. Khaefi, G. Sayyadzadeh, M. S. Tahami, Benafsheh Parsi, A. Gholamifard
A substantial number of species within mugilid family has been recorded from marine, brackish and freshwater bodies of Iran. Descriptions of these species have been based mainly on morphological and anatomical data; however, the characters related to the fish scales have not up to now been intensively studied and employed for the identification of the fish species. The objective of this study is to test whether (i) scale surface morphology and microstructure, and (ii) scale size can be used to discriminate species. To achieve these objectives, scales of three species of the genus Liza from three different habitats, Liza abu (freshwater, Maharlu basin), Liza klunzingeri (sea, Persian Gulf) and Liza saliens (brackish water, Caspian Sea) have been studied using SEM images, scale measurements, and uni and multivariate statistics. It is opined that scale surface morphology and microstructure may help in distinguishing the species. In addition, scale size and J-indices, represent a valuable tool for species separation, which corroborates earlier studies for the use of these indices in fish taxonomy.
{"title":"Scale Surface Microstructure and Scale Size in Three Mugilid Fishes (Teleostei, Mugilidae) of Iran from Three Different Habitats","authors":"H. Esmaeili, R. Khaefi, G. Sayyadzadeh, M. S. Tahami, Benafsheh Parsi, A. Gholamifard","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.62393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.62393","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial number of species within mugilid family has been recorded from marine, brackish and freshwater bodies of Iran. Descriptions of these species have been based mainly on morphological and anatomical data; however, the characters related to the fish scales have not up to now been intensively studied and employed for the identification of the fish species. The objective of this study is to test whether (i) scale surface morphology and microstructure, and (ii) scale size can be used to discriminate species. To achieve these objectives, scales of three species of the genus Liza from three different habitats, Liza abu (freshwater, Maharlu basin), Liza klunzingeri (sea, Persian Gulf) and Liza saliens (brackish water, Caspian Sea) have been studied using SEM images, scale measurements, and uni and multivariate statistics. It is opined that scale surface morphology and microstructure may help in distinguishing the species. In addition, scale size and J-indices, represent a valuable tool for species separation, which corroborates earlier studies for the use of these indices in fish taxonomy.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73221935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactic acid is used in various industrial areas such as the food, pharmaceutical, textile and other chemical industries. In this study, 49 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from oral microbiota of voluntary patients. These isolates were screened for their lactic acid production abilities. The isolate which has a high potential for lactic acid production was selected. The optimal conditions for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus brevis were determined. According to the results obtained, sucrose as carbon source, 50 g/L of sucrose amount, diammonium hydrogen citrate as nitrogen source, 8 g/L of nitrogen amount, 42 °C as temperature, 4.5 x 108 CFU/mL of inoculum amount and 72 hours of incubation time were found to be optimal values.
{"title":"Lactic Acid Production by Lactobacillus brevis Isolated from Oral Microbiota","authors":"Yağmur Toptaş, G. Akça, A. Çabuk","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.65510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.65510","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid is used in various industrial areas such as the food, pharmaceutical, textile and other chemical industries. In this study, 49 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from oral microbiota of voluntary patients. These isolates were screened for their lactic acid production abilities. The isolate which has a high potential for lactic acid production was selected. The optimal conditions for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus brevis were determined. According to the results obtained, sucrose as carbon source, 50 g/L of sucrose amount, diammonium hydrogen citrate as nitrogen source, 8 g/L of nitrogen amount, 42 °C as temperature, 4.5 x 108 CFU/mL of inoculum amount and 72 hours of incubation time were found to be optimal values.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81795310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer is a group of diseases in which normal cells are converted to cells capable of autonomous growth and invasion. In the chemotherapeutic control of cancer, drugs are usually given systemically so they reach toxic levels in cancer cells. This causes serious side effects in healthy cells. Another important problem with chemotherapy is resistance developed to cytotoxic drugs (multi drug resistance). As a possible solution to these problems, in the present study, two different microparticle fabrication methods were compared; double emulsion solvent evaporation (SE) method for encapsulation of Doxorubicin into PLGA microparticles. The most appropriate method was the SE techniquies which lead to higher encapsulation efficiencies. Processing factors were evaluated for their effects on encapsulation efficiency and results indicated that any change that hinder drug diffusion would result in increased drug content in microparticles. To asses the cytotoxicities of synthesized microparticles, cell proliferation assays were performed with XTT reagent on Doxorubicin resitant and sensitive breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7. DOX entrapped microparticles was effective on both sensitive and DOX resistant MCF-7 cells. The concentration of drug in resistant cancer cells was increased indicating a partial reversal of drug resistance. The results of this study will provide new insights to the development of new drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
{"title":"Poly (DL-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Microparticle- Doxorubicin Formulations for Anti-cancer Drug Delivery","authors":"G. Çağlar, S. Yalçın, G. Gündüz, U. Gündüz","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.31212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.31212","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a group of diseases in which normal cells are converted to cells capable of autonomous growth and invasion. In the chemotherapeutic control of cancer, drugs are usually given systemically so they reach toxic levels in cancer cells. This causes serious side effects in healthy cells. Another important problem with chemotherapy is resistance developed to cytotoxic drugs (multi drug resistance). As a possible solution to these problems, in the present study, two different microparticle fabrication methods were compared; double emulsion solvent evaporation (SE) method for encapsulation of Doxorubicin into PLGA microparticles. The most appropriate method was the SE techniquies which lead to higher encapsulation efficiencies. Processing factors were evaluated for their effects on encapsulation efficiency and results indicated that any change that hinder drug diffusion would result in increased drug content in microparticles. To asses the cytotoxicities of synthesized microparticles, cell proliferation assays were performed with XTT reagent on Doxorubicin resitant and sensitive breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7. DOX entrapped microparticles was effective on both sensitive and DOX resistant MCF-7 cells. The concentration of drug in resistant cancer cells was increased indicating a partial reversal of drug resistance. The results of this study will provide new insights to the development of new drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82538488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study, carried out on vegetation of the Gisoum forest reserve with 171 hectares area located 14 km to Resvanshar city, Guilan province, was to examine the structure and composition of the forest vegetation. A first topographic map of the area with the scale of 1:10000 was prepared and the study area was delimited. Transect- quadrate method of sampling was used to record the floristic and phytosociological data necessary for the analysis in about 44 quadrates of 400 m2. Some vegetation parameters viz. density and diameter at breast height (DBH) for trees (over story vegetation) as well as cover-abundance for under story vegetation were recorded, respectively. The life form spectrum of Raunkiaer, the dominant vegetation type of the area, is based on importance value and vegetation structure based on frequency classes, also their chorology caring a central importance in vegetation description were determined. The study of the floristic list showed that 76 species belonging to 66 genera and 45 families existed in the area.The largest families were Asteraceae and Rosaceae with 5 species. Investigation of the geographical distribution of plant species indicated that 44 % belonged to the Europe – Siberian zone. Plant life forms by Raunkiaer method showed that phanerophytes with 35.5 % and hemicryptophytes with 27.6 % were the most frequent life forms. Dominant vegetation type based on importance value index was Buxus hyrcanus-Parrotia persica. Also the evaluation of vegetation structure based on frequency class revealed that abundance-distribution was irregular in under story and regular in upper story vegetation.
{"title":"A Study on Floristic Composition, Chorology and Ecological Structure: A case Study from a Small-scale Forest Reserve, Talesh, Iran","authors":"M. Ravanbakhsh, T. Amini","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.59206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.59206","url":null,"abstract":"This study, carried out on vegetation of the Gisoum forest reserve with 171 hectares area located 14 km to Resvanshar city, Guilan province, was to examine the structure and composition of the forest vegetation. A first topographic map of the area with the scale of 1:10000 was prepared and the study area was delimited. Transect- quadrate method of sampling was used to record the floristic and phytosociological data necessary for the analysis in about 44 quadrates of 400 m2. Some vegetation parameters viz. density and diameter at breast height (DBH) for trees (over story vegetation) as well as cover-abundance for under story vegetation were recorded, respectively. The life form spectrum of Raunkiaer, the dominant vegetation type of the area, is based on importance value and vegetation structure based on frequency classes, also their chorology caring a central importance in vegetation description were determined. The study of the floristic list showed that 76 species belonging to 66 genera and 45 families existed in the area.The largest families were Asteraceae and Rosaceae with 5 species. Investigation of the geographical distribution of plant species indicated that 44 % belonged to the Europe – Siberian zone. Plant life forms by Raunkiaer method showed that phanerophytes with 35.5 % and hemicryptophytes with 27.6 % were the most frequent life forms. Dominant vegetation type based on importance value index was Buxus hyrcanus-Parrotia persica. Also the evaluation of vegetation structure based on frequency class revealed that abundance-distribution was irregular in under story and regular in upper story vegetation.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74033656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tam metamorfoz geciren ipek boceklerinde, larval-pupal gelisim sirasinda sindirim kanali programlanmis hucre olumu yoluyla dejenere olmaktadir. Gelisim biyolojisinde programlanmis hucre olumu anahtar rol oynamaktadir. Programlanmis hucre olumu genel olarak, Apoptotik ve otofajik hucre olumu olarak isimlendirilen iki ana mekanizma ile gerceklesmektedir. Bu calismadaki amacimiz, larvalpupal metamorfoz sirasinda, Bombyx mori sindirim sisteminde meydana gelen metamorfik olaylarin gosterilmesidir. Histolojik teknikler kullanilarak morfolojik degisimler gosterilmistir; HE bulgularimiz, sindirim kanalinda meydana gelen olumde apoptoz ve otofajinin birlikte rol oynadigini gostermistir
{"title":"Programmed Cell Death in the Digestive Canal of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) during Prepupal Period","authors":"Gözde Selek, E. Goncu, O. Parlak","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.28196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.28196","url":null,"abstract":"Tam metamorfoz geciren ipek boceklerinde, larval-pupal gelisim sirasinda sindirim kanali programlanmis hucre olumu yoluyla dejenere olmaktadir. Gelisim biyolojisinde programlanmis hucre olumu anahtar rol oynamaktadir. Programlanmis hucre olumu genel olarak, Apoptotik ve otofajik hucre olumu olarak isimlendirilen iki ana mekanizma ile gerceklesmektedir. Bu calismadaki amacimiz, larvalpupal metamorfoz sirasinda, Bombyx mori sindirim sisteminde meydana gelen metamorfik olaylarin gosterilmesidir. Histolojik teknikler kullanilarak morfolojik degisimler gosterilmistir; HE bulgularimiz, sindirim kanalinda meydana gelen olumde apoptoz ve otofajinin birlikte rol oynadigini gostermistir","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77020936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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