The Calenduleae tribe belongs to Asteraceae family, with ca 12 genera and 120 species are distributed in the Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian and Saharo- Arabian regions of world. According to flora Iranica Calendula L. and Dipterocome Fisch. & C. A. Mey. are 2 genera of Calenduleae in different regions of Iran. Calendula species generally grows in a variety of sites such as mountains, dry stony slopes in foothills, field edges, margins of gardens and road sides, also Dipterocome species generally grows in dry and saline areas and sandy deserts. It distributes in north west, centre and north east of Iran and also in Caucasus, Afghanistan, Iraq, Asia (central part), Africa and Syria. In this research based on the literature, available herbarium materials and field observation, this tribe has been revised. A revision of this tribe in Iran including: key, literature, synonymes and locality lists is presented; meanwhile a list of genera with the total number of the species for each genus recognized in Iran is added.
菖蒲属菊科，约12属120种，分布在地中海、伊朗-图兰和撒哈拉-阿拉伯地区。根据植物区系，金盏菊属植物和双翅鱼属植物。& C. A.好的。在伊朗的不同地区有2属。金盏花通常生长在各种地点，如山区，山麓干燥的石质斜坡，田野边缘，花园边缘和路边，双翅目植物通常生长在干旱和盐碱地和沙漠。它分布在伊朗的西北部、中部和东北部，也分布在高加索、阿富汗、伊拉克、亚洲(中部)、非洲和叙利亚。本研究在文献资料、现有植物标本馆资料和野外观察的基础上，对该部落进行了订正。对该部落进行了修订，包括:关键字、文献、同义词和地名表;同时，还添加了一份属的列表，其中列出了伊朗已知的每个属的物种总数。
{"title":"Notes on Taxonomic Situation of Calenduleae Tribe in Iran","authors":"E. Jafari, M. Assadi, G. Ghanbarian","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.64217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.64217","url":null,"abstract":"The Calenduleae tribe belongs to Asteraceae family, with ca 12 genera and 120 species are distributed in the Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian and Saharo- Arabian regions of world. According to flora Iranica Calendula L. and Dipterocome Fisch. & C. A. Mey. are 2 genera of Calenduleae in different regions of Iran. Calendula species generally grows in a variety of sites such as mountains, dry stony slopes in foothills, field edges, margins of gardens and road sides, also Dipterocome species generally grows in dry and saline areas and sandy deserts. It distributes in north west, centre and north east of Iran and also in Caucasus, Afghanistan, Iraq, Asia (central part), Africa and Syria. In this research based on the literature, available herbarium materials and field observation, this tribe has been revised. A revision of this tribe in Iran including: key, literature, synonymes and locality lists is presented; meanwhile a list of genera with the total number of the species for each genus recognized in Iran is added.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77542315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In vitro effects of salinity were compared in two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Bornova-92 and Hilal). Mature embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl for 20 days. NaCl-treatment decreased maximum shoot length, total soluble protein and DNA contents in both cultivars but decreased maximum root length in Hilal. Changes in fresh and dry weight and water content were not statistically-significant. Inhibitory effects were more dramatic in Hilal. Salinity did not cause genotoxic effects in both cultivars yet slightly affected protein patterns in Bornova-92. However, salinity altered cytosine methylation patterns from CCG to CG in Bornova-92, from CG to CCG in Hilal. Bornova-92 and Hilal may be regarded as salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible, respectively and the relative salt-tolerance of Bornova-92 may be due to cytosine methylation patterns and/or regulation of protein synthesis.
比较了两种大麦品种(Hordeum vulgare cv.)的体外盐度效应。Bornova-92和Hilal)。成熟胚分别在添加0、50和100 mM NaCl的Murashige和Skoog培养基上培养20 d。nacl处理降低了两个品种的最大茎长、总可溶性蛋白和DNA含量，但降低了Hilal的最大根长。鲜重、干重和水分含量变化无统计学意义。抑制作用在Hilal中更为明显。盐度在两个品种中均未引起遗传毒性效应，但对Bornova-92的蛋白质模式有轻微影响。然而，盐度改变了Bornova-92中从CCG到CG的胞嘧啶甲基化模式，在Hilal中从CG到CCG。Bornova-92和Hilal可能分别被认为是耐盐和盐敏感，Bornova-92的相对耐盐性可能是由于胞嘧啶甲基化模式和/或蛋白质合成的调节。
{"title":"Comparison of Salinity-Induced Changes in Two Cultivars of Barley","authors":"A. Temel","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.81318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.81318","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro effects of salinity were compared in two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Bornova-92 and Hilal). Mature embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl for 20 days. NaCl-treatment decreased maximum shoot length, total soluble protein and DNA contents in both cultivars but decreased maximum root length in Hilal. Changes in fresh and dry weight and water content were not statistically-significant. Inhibitory effects were more dramatic in Hilal. Salinity did not cause genotoxic effects in both cultivars yet slightly affected protein patterns in Bornova-92. However, salinity altered cytosine methylation patterns from CCG to CG in Bornova-92, from CG to CCG in Hilal. Bornova-92 and Hilal may be regarded as salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible, respectively and the relative salt-tolerance of Bornova-92 may be due to cytosine methylation patterns and/or regulation of protein synthesis.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89809923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine the phytoplankton species existing in the Gulf of Edremit and some environmental conditions affecting them. Samples were collected in July and October 2003 and in January and April 2004 from 3 stations through horizontal tows using a plankton net. After the analysis of plankton samples, 123 species that belong to 5 classes were identified. It was determined that one species (Phalacroma cuneus Schutt, 1895) was a new record for Turkish waters. The species composition mostly consisted of dinoflagellates (53.7%) which were followed by diatoms (43.9%). Most of the species which were identified in this study were similar to those phytoplanktonic algal species which were reported from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea in previous studies. These are neritic, oceanic, temperate and subtropical climate species. It was detected that 10 out of 19 potentially harmful algal species identified in this study were toxic species; however, they did not show an extreme increase. Dinophyceae had the highest cell number in July (1100 cell/L, St.1) and Bacillariophyceae in April (2280 cell/L, St.2). The environmental variables of the seawater such as temperature (13.0-26.5 oC), salinity (35.9-38.5‰) and dissolved oxygen (4.43-8.46 mg/L) were measured in every sampling period. Consequently, the phytoplankton species and their abundances in the Gulf of Edremit were firstly determined with this study, and phytoplankton composition representing oligotrophic sea water characteristic in the Aegean Sea was obtained.
{"title":"Investigation of the Seasonal Variation in the Phytoplankton in the Surface Waters of the Gulf of Edremit","authors":"Ece Ağlaç, N. Balkıs","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.86184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.86184","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the phytoplankton species existing in the Gulf of Edremit and some environmental conditions affecting them. Samples were collected in July and October 2003 and in January and April 2004 from 3 stations through horizontal tows using a plankton net. After the analysis of plankton samples, 123 species that belong to 5 classes were identified. It was determined that one species (Phalacroma cuneus Schutt, 1895) was a new record for Turkish waters. The species composition mostly consisted of dinoflagellates (53.7%) which were followed by diatoms (43.9%). Most of the species which were identified in this study were similar to those phytoplanktonic algal species which were reported from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea in previous studies. These are neritic, oceanic, temperate and subtropical climate species. It was detected that 10 out of 19 potentially harmful algal species identified in this study were toxic species; however, they did not show an extreme increase. Dinophyceae had the highest cell number in July (1100 cell/L, St.1) and Bacillariophyceae in April (2280 cell/L, St.2). The environmental variables of the seawater such as temperature (13.0-26.5 oC), salinity (35.9-38.5‰) and dissolved oxygen (4.43-8.46 mg/L) were measured in every sampling period. Consequently, the phytoplankton species and their abundances in the Gulf of Edremit were firstly determined with this study, and phytoplankton composition representing oligotrophic sea water characteristic in the Aegean Sea was obtained.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87884411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dicer and Dicer like (DCLs) proteins are essential part of small RNA biogenesis pathway, is a type of RNase III digesting long dsRNA (pre-miRNA) to small RNA segments (miRNA). A total of 20 full length of Dicer like proteins (DCL1, DCL2, DCL3 and DCL4) from different organisms available in NCBI were evaluated by bioinformatics tools to investigate properties, structure of DCLs, domain analysis, multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetics tree construction. All DCLs protein sequences have Ribonuclease III protein family that contains RNaseIII domain including Helicase ATP-binding type-1, Helicase C-terminal, Dicer double-stranded RNA-binding fold, PAZ, Ribonuclease III, Double stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRB). Physicochemical analysis offers data such as pI, EC, Al, GRAVY and instability index about these enzymes. Putative phosphorylation sites were also identified which are found to be conserved in plant species and the results showed that the most abundant phosphorylation site is Serine residues in DCLs proteins. Patterns and profile analysis were performed using Prosite and conserved protein motifs subjected to MEME to obtain the best possible matches. The phylogenetics tree represented three major clusters and similar DCLs protein sequences of different plant species clustered together. The obtained results could be used for further in silico analysis and homology modeling studies. Keywords: Dicer, DCLs, miRNA, RNase, In silico analysis. *Corresponding Author: Ertugrul Filiz (e-mail: ertugrulfiliz@gmail.com). (Received: 25.05.2012 Accepted: 24.01.2013)
{"title":"In silico analysis of dicer-like protein (DCLs) sequences from higher plant species","authors":"E. Filiz, I. Koc","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.31589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.31589","url":null,"abstract":"Dicer and Dicer like (DCLs) proteins are essential part of small RNA biogenesis pathway, is a type of RNase III digesting long dsRNA (pre-miRNA) to small RNA segments (miRNA). A total of 20 full length of Dicer like proteins (DCL1, DCL2, DCL3 and DCL4) from different organisms available in NCBI were evaluated by bioinformatics tools to investigate properties, structure of DCLs, domain analysis, multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetics tree construction. All DCLs protein sequences have Ribonuclease III protein family that contains RNaseIII domain including Helicase ATP-binding type-1, Helicase C-terminal, Dicer double-stranded RNA-binding fold, PAZ, Ribonuclease III, Double stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRB). Physicochemical analysis offers data such as pI, EC, Al, GRAVY and instability index about these enzymes. Putative phosphorylation sites were also identified which are found to be conserved in plant species and the results showed that the most abundant phosphorylation site is Serine residues in DCLs proteins. Patterns and profile analysis were performed using Prosite and conserved protein motifs subjected to MEME to obtain the best possible matches. The phylogenetics tree represented three major clusters and similar DCLs protein sequences of different plant species clustered together. The obtained results could be used for further in silico analysis and homology modeling studies. Keywords: Dicer, DCLs, miRNA, RNase, In silico analysis. *Corresponding Author: Ertugrul Filiz (e-mail: ertugrulfiliz@gmail.com). (Received: 25.05.2012 Accepted: 24.01.2013)","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76177341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verositotoksin ureten Escherichia coli (VTEC) gida zehirlenmeleri gibi ciddi halk sagligi risklerine neden olan onemli patojendir. Cig sut ile cig sutten ya da yeterli derecede pastorize edilmemis sutten yapilan peynirler VTEC serotip E. coli O157 enfeksiyonlari icin potansiyel bir kaynak teskil etmektedir. Bu calismada, kirsal kesimde uretilen toplam 245 adet Turk ev yapimi beyaz peynir ornegi cesitli acik halk pazarlarindan toplanmistir. Toplanan ornekler E. coli serotip O157’nin varligi acisidan arastirilmistir. Sefiksim-tellurite (CT) ihtiva eden sorbitol MacConkey (CT-SMAC) besiyerinden sorbitolu fermente etmeyen toplam 21 koloni E. coli O157 varligi acisindan supheli izolat olarak tespit edildi. E. coli O157 varligi acisindan supheli izolatlar ticari E. coli O157 lateks aglutinasyon test kitine ureticinin talimatlari dogrultusunda tabi tutuldu. Turk halki tarafindan sevilerek tuketilen toplam 245 Turk ev yapimi beyaz peynirin hicbirinde E. coli O157 varligi tayin edilmedi. Sonuc olarak, bu sevilen gidada E. coli O157’nin yoklugu sevindirici bir tespittir. Bununla beraber, gidalarda tuketici sagligi icin onemli bir gida kaynakli patojen olan E. coli O157:H7’nin varligina yonelik titiz incelemenin gerceklestirilmesi tavsiye edilir.
{"title":"Investigation of Escherichia coli O157 in Turkish homemade white cheese","authors":"S. Arslan, F. Özdemir","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.82006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.82006","url":null,"abstract":"Verositotoksin ureten Escherichia coli (VTEC) gida zehirlenmeleri gibi ciddi halk sagligi risklerine neden olan onemli patojendir. Cig sut ile cig sutten ya da yeterli derecede pastorize edilmemis sutten yapilan peynirler VTEC serotip E. coli O157 enfeksiyonlari icin potansiyel bir kaynak teskil etmektedir. Bu calismada, kirsal kesimde uretilen toplam 245 adet Turk ev yapimi beyaz peynir ornegi cesitli acik halk pazarlarindan toplanmistir. Toplanan ornekler E. coli serotip O157’nin varligi acisidan arastirilmistir. Sefiksim-tellurite (CT) ihtiva eden sorbitol MacConkey (CT-SMAC) besiyerinden sorbitolu fermente etmeyen toplam 21 koloni E. coli O157 varligi acisindan supheli izolat olarak tespit edildi. E. coli O157 varligi acisindan supheli izolatlar ticari E. coli O157 lateks aglutinasyon test kitine ureticinin talimatlari dogrultusunda tabi tutuldu. Turk halki tarafindan sevilerek tuketilen toplam 245 Turk ev yapimi beyaz peynirin hicbirinde E. coli O157 varligi tayin edilmedi. Sonuc olarak, bu sevilen gidada E. coli O157’nin yoklugu sevindirici bir tespittir. Bununla beraber, gidalarda tuketici sagligi icin onemli bir gida kaynakli patojen olan E. coli O157:H7’nin varligina yonelik titiz incelemenin gerceklestirilmesi tavsiye edilir.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90080619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the effect of epibrassinolide (eBL) on senescence occurring in cotyledons of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings, which were kept in vertical and horizontal positions. 10 -11 M and 10 -9 M eBL and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), an inhibitor of auxin transport, were sprayed to the 14 days old seedlings. From the 15 th day on, some of the seedlings from the control and the experimental groups were kept in a horizontal position, and senescence process of the cotyledons of these seedlings was observed. Applications of eBL (especially 10 -9 M) were found to have induced senescence both in horizontally and vertically positioned plants. When it was applied with TIBA, a marked delay of senescence was noted in the lower cotyledons of the horizontally positioned plants. Total chlorophyll and protein amounts and peroxidase activity were determined. In case brassinosteroids are applied with TIBA, they do not affect senescence, implying that they accelerate senescence in the presence of auxin. Since auxin is distributed asymmetrically, eBL and auxin accumulated in the lower cotyledons may lead to accelerated senescence. This study showed that eBL and auxin may act as a senescence signal in the vertically and horizontally positioned seedlings, and earlier death of the lower cotyledons than the upper ones may be a result of asymmetrical auxin distribution. In this study, it was revealed that promoting effect of eBL on senescence occured only in the presence of auxin. Keywords: eBL – Epibrassinolide, TIBA - 2,3,5-triiodobensoic acid, Auxin, Senescence, Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). *Corresponding Author: Serap Saglam-Cag (e-mail:sercag@istanbul.edu.tr) (Received: 13.09.2012 Accepted: 04.03.2013)
{"title":"The effect of epibrassinolide on senescence in horizontal sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings","authors":"Eda Kaplan-Dalyan, S. Sağlam-Çağ","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.62508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.62508","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of epibrassinolide (eBL) on senescence occurring in cotyledons of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings, which were kept in vertical and horizontal positions. 10 -11 M and 10 -9 M eBL and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), an inhibitor of auxin transport, were sprayed to the 14 days old seedlings. From the 15 th day on, some of the seedlings from the control and the experimental groups were kept in a horizontal position, and senescence process of the cotyledons of these seedlings was observed. Applications of eBL (especially 10 -9 M) were found to have induced senescence both in horizontally and vertically positioned plants. When it was applied with TIBA, a marked delay of senescence was noted in the lower cotyledons of the horizontally positioned plants. Total chlorophyll and protein amounts and peroxidase activity were determined. In case brassinosteroids are applied with TIBA, they do not affect senescence, implying that they accelerate senescence in the presence of auxin. Since auxin is distributed asymmetrically, eBL and auxin accumulated in the lower cotyledons may lead to accelerated senescence. This study showed that eBL and auxin may act as a senescence signal in the vertically and horizontally positioned seedlings, and earlier death of the lower cotyledons than the upper ones may be a result of asymmetrical auxin distribution. In this study, it was revealed that promoting effect of eBL on senescence occured only in the presence of auxin. Keywords: eBL – Epibrassinolide, TIBA - 2,3,5-triiodobensoic acid, Auxin, Senescence, Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). *Corresponding Author: Serap Saglam-Cag (e-mail:sercag@istanbul.edu.tr) (Received: 13.09.2012 Accepted: 04.03.2013)","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87169766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biochemical responses of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) roots to different concentrations of the hormonal elicitors, salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA), as presoaking treatments, on the healthy and Orobanche ramosa -infected plants were studied in pot experiment under control conditions. Application of SA and IAA activate the production of proline and soluble proteins in tomato roots, where their levels were more pronounced in the infected than the healthy plants. Moreover, both elicitors increased the levels of phenolics and flavonoids accompanied by stimulations in the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in tomato roots, where the magnitude of induction were more obvious in infected plants than healthy one. Also, microscopic examination revealed the anatomical differences observed in both untreated healthy and infected plants as well as in plants treated with SA and IAA. The present results indicate the effectiveness of SA and IAA in enhancing resistance of tomato to retard the incidence of infestation by Orobanche. These biochemical and histological changes involved in plant defense mechanisms may be one of the basic ways participate in the action of SA and IAA for increasing resistance in tomato against Orobanche ramosa . Keywords : Orobanche ramosa ; tomato, Induced resistance, Phenolics, PR-proteins . *Corresponding author : Shahnaz Al-Wakeel (e-mail: shahnazalwakeel@yahoo.com) (Received: 12.04.2012 Accepted: 17.07.2012)
{"title":"Induced systemic resistance: an innovative control method to manage branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) in tomato","authors":"S. Al-Wakeel, H. Moubasher, M. Gabr, M. Madany","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.68161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.68161","url":null,"abstract":"The biochemical responses of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) roots to different concentrations of the hormonal elicitors, salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA), as presoaking treatments, on the healthy and Orobanche ramosa -infected plants were studied in pot experiment under control conditions. Application of SA and IAA activate the production of proline and soluble proteins in tomato roots, where their levels were more pronounced in the infected than the healthy plants. Moreover, both elicitors increased the levels of phenolics and flavonoids accompanied by stimulations in the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in tomato roots, where the magnitude of induction were more obvious in infected plants than healthy one. Also, microscopic examination revealed the anatomical differences observed in both untreated healthy and infected plants as well as in plants treated with SA and IAA. The present results indicate the effectiveness of SA and IAA in enhancing resistance of tomato to retard the incidence of infestation by Orobanche. These biochemical and histological changes involved in plant defense mechanisms may be one of the basic ways participate in the action of SA and IAA for increasing resistance in tomato against Orobanche ramosa . Keywords : Orobanche ramosa ; tomato, Induced resistance, Phenolics, PR-proteins . *Corresponding author : Shahnaz Al-Wakeel (e-mail: shahnazalwakeel@yahoo.com) (Received: 12.04.2012 Accepted: 17.07.2012)","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75726691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our study, surface and environmental air samples from the historical buildings (houses, kiosks, Turkish bath, khans, train station) in seven different locations were investigated for their fungal flora. Sampling was performed in seven locations in Izmir (Bornova, Buca, Cesme, Foca, Karsiyaka, Konak and Tire) in autumn and summer of 2009. Totally 192 isolates were obtained from the air and surface samples of these places. Air samples were collected using a MAS-100 Microbial Air Sampler (Merck) and fungal load were detected by using Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (RBCA, Merck). Biofilm samples were obtained from different surfaces (stone, wood, plaster, marble, limestone, brick and paint). As a result of our study, 25 genera related to Zygomycota , anamorph Ascomycota and teleomorph Ascomycota were identified. Besides, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Alternaria sp., Chaetomium sp. and Cladosporium sp. were appeared the most frequently fungi genera. However, 6 isolates were not identified. It was observed that Aspergillus sp. was at the first stage with frequency of 21.88% while Penicillium sp. was at the second stage with 17.70%. In our study it was also shown that fungal load was much more in autumn than in summer due to its high moisture content and optimum temperature. Keywords: Airborne fungi, Ascomycota, Biofilm, Biomass, Microfungi. *Corresponding Author: Asli Sahiner (e-mail: asli.sahiner@ege.edu.tr ) (Received: 03.08.2012 Accepted: 03.01.2012)
{"title":"The fungal flora at various historical locations in Izmir, Turkey","authors":"A. Şahiner, H. H. Bıyık","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.33071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.33071","url":null,"abstract":"In our study, surface and environmental air samples from the historical buildings (houses, kiosks, Turkish bath, khans, train station) in seven different locations were investigated for their fungal flora. Sampling was performed in seven locations in Izmir (Bornova, Buca, Cesme, Foca, Karsiyaka, Konak and Tire) in autumn and summer of 2009. Totally 192 isolates were obtained from the air and surface samples of these places. Air samples were collected using a MAS-100 Microbial Air Sampler (Merck) and fungal load were detected by using Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (RBCA, Merck). Biofilm samples were obtained from different surfaces (stone, wood, plaster, marble, limestone, brick and paint). As a result of our study, 25 genera related to Zygomycota , anamorph Ascomycota and teleomorph Ascomycota were identified. Besides, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Alternaria sp., Chaetomium sp. and Cladosporium sp. were appeared the most frequently fungi genera. However, 6 isolates were not identified. It was observed that Aspergillus sp. was at the first stage with frequency of 21.88% while Penicillium sp. was at the second stage with 17.70%. In our study it was also shown that fungal load was much more in autumn than in summer due to its high moisture content and optimum temperature. Keywords: Airborne fungi, Ascomycota, Biofilm, Biomass, Microfungi. *Corresponding Author: Asli Sahiner (e-mail: asli.sahiner@ege.edu.tr ) (Received: 03.08.2012 Accepted: 03.01.2012)","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85108541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Erdem, E. Ö. A. Aydoğdu, G. Öz, Ç. Erol, M. Yazgan
In the current study, the antibacterial activities of the crude extracts (leaf and stem chloroform and methanol; leaf hexane, acetone, deionized water and ethanol; stem deionized water) of Amsonia orientalis Decne. (Blue Star) were investigated against 17 different strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. To evaluate the antibacterial and hemolitic activities of extracts standard antibiotic discs and human erythrocytes were used, respectively. The antibacterial activity was determed in the all extracts, except the hexane extracts of the leaves. It was observed that Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Legionella pneumophila ATCC 33152 and L. pneumophila serogroup (SG) 2-14 are the most susceptible bacteria to the different extracts, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9327, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 10541 and Proteus mirabilis are resistant bacteria. It was determined that chloroform (leaf and stem), hexane (leaf) and deionized water (stem) extracts did not show hemolytic activity, while ethanol (leaf) (≥5 mg/ml), methanol (stem and leaf) (≥10 mg/ml), acetone (leaf) (≥10 mg/ml) and deionized water (leaf) (≥20 mg/ml) extracts showed hemolytic activity. Key words: Amsonia orientalis, Antibacterial activity, Hemolytic activity, Plant extract. *Corresponding Author: Elif Ozlem ARSLAN AYDOĞDU (e-mail: eoarslan@istanbul.edu.tr ) (Received: 01.03.2012 Accepted: 21.09.2012)
{"title":"Antibacterial and hemolytic activities of different extracts of Amsonia orientalis Decne (Apocynaceae)","authors":"A. Erdem, E. Ö. A. Aydoğdu, G. Öz, Ç. Erol, M. Yazgan","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.21486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.21486","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, the antibacterial activities of the crude extracts (leaf and stem chloroform and methanol; leaf hexane, acetone, deionized water and ethanol; stem deionized water) of Amsonia orientalis Decne. (Blue Star) were investigated against 17 different strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. To evaluate the antibacterial and hemolitic activities of extracts standard antibiotic discs and human erythrocytes were used, respectively. The antibacterial activity was determed in the all extracts, except the hexane extracts of the leaves. It was observed that Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Legionella pneumophila ATCC 33152 and L. pneumophila serogroup (SG) 2-14 are the most susceptible bacteria to the different extracts, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9327, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 10541 and Proteus mirabilis are resistant bacteria. It was determined that chloroform (leaf and stem), hexane (leaf) and deionized water (stem) extracts did not show hemolytic activity, while ethanol (leaf) (≥5 mg/ml), methanol (stem and leaf) (≥10 mg/ml), acetone (leaf) (≥10 mg/ml) and deionized water (leaf) (≥20 mg/ml) extracts showed hemolytic activity. Key words: Amsonia orientalis, Antibacterial activity, Hemolytic activity, Plant extract. *Corresponding Author: Elif Ozlem ARSLAN AYDOĞDU (e-mail: eoarslan@istanbul.edu.tr ) (Received: 01.03.2012 Accepted: 21.09.2012)","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78909310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The red pepper spice, which has been widely used in Turkey, must be examined in terms of possible pathogen content because it can be eaten raw. Therefore, in the current study, a total of 50 red pepper samples (40 unpackaged, 10 packaged) from retail shops in Istanbul were bacteriologically analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp. and bacteria of the Aeromonas genus. At the same time, unsuspicious colonies were tested for the determination of other enteric pathogens. The following results were recorded at the end of the analyses: although 10 % of the samples contained Aeromonas spp., none of the samples were positive for Salmonella spp. It was observed that the unpackaged red pepper samples were contaminated more than the packaged samples. The results obtained from the current study demonstrated that a better control in all aspects of production, processing and usage is required to prevent bacteriological contamination in the red pepper samples.
{"title":"Bacteriological analysis of the red pepper spices marketed as packaged and unpackaged in Istanbul","authors":"A. Erdem, E. Ö. A. Aydoğdu, Sevan Gürün","doi":"10.18478/IUFSJB.82383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18478/IUFSJB.82383","url":null,"abstract":"The red pepper spice, which has been widely used in Turkey, must be examined in terms of possible pathogen content because it can be eaten raw. Therefore, in the current study, a total of 50 red pepper samples (40 unpackaged, 10 packaged) from retail shops in Istanbul were bacteriologically analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp. and bacteria of the Aeromonas genus. At the same time, unsuspicious colonies were tested for the determination of other enteric pathogens. The following results were recorded at the end of the analyses: although 10 % of the samples contained Aeromonas spp., none of the samples were positive for Salmonella spp. It was observed that the unpackaged red pepper samples were contaminated more than the packaged samples. The results obtained from the current study demonstrated that a better control in all aspects of production, processing and usage is required to prevent bacteriological contamination in the red pepper samples.","PeriodicalId":14521,"journal":{"name":"IUFS Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78207663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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