Izvestiia Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriia biologicheskaia最新文献

The study deals with the mechanism of organism's adaptive responses to the effect of radiation in widely ranging dose. Post-irradiation metabolic changes were evaluated in canine blood as well as in murine blood, spleen, bone marrow and liver using the EPR spectroscopy. It was shown that the dynamics of changes in transferrin and ceruloplasmin pools and ribonucleotide reductase activity were phase-dependent with the maxima at the 2nd, 6th and 10-12th days after irradiation. Such dynamics was observed at various irradiation doses applied. The data allow us to suggest that the nonspecific compensatory--adaptive reactions of organisms develop as the response to irradiation. The dose-response function of the reaction intensity was found to be linear. The shape of the dose-response curve indicates that the minimum response of organism depends on the dose linearly up to 3.2 Gy (for dogs) as well as the maximum one. However, in the case of low-dose irradiation (0.25 or 0.5 Gy) there were deviations of maximum responses from the linearity, i.e. the amplification of the amplitude of compensatory adaptive reactions. These effect were shown to be dependent upon initial individual characteristics of animal blood and to be related to the "depressed" or "activated" state of organism prior to irradiation. The ribonucleotide reductase activity was measured in bone marrow and spleen of animals by the EPR method. The nature of non-repairable DNA damage is discussed in view of the inactivation of ribonucleotide reductase.

The data are analyzed on the bilateral asymmetry of the number of dorsal and scutellar chaeta observed under the action of methotrexate in Drosophila of wild strain. It was shown that the incidence of asymmetric specimens induced by methotrexate was abruptly increased as compared to the control. The asymmetry was found to have a statistically significant trend to left side both of the control and the variants of treatment. There was no sex difference revealed between targets of the asymmetry.

Based on the systemic symmetrical approach, experimentally determined parameters of action potential and contractile response of frog myocardial strip were analyzed prior to and after the administration of several physiologically active drugs (caffeine, neoepinephrine, nembutal, ouabain) into the perfusate. It was shown that the satisfactory functional state of preparation was characterized by an interrelation between parameters in the form of a harmonic proportion with relatively constant coefficient. When the functional state of subject is affected by a physiologically active substance, the interrelation between the parameters is considerably changed. Based on the analysis of the data of literature, it was found that the interrelation between temporary parameters of action potential in various structures from human heart has the form of a harmonic proportion with a constant coefficient close to the invariant of "Gold Wurf" proportion. The similarity is underlined of principles of cardiac function temporary arrangement at levels of cell, organ and organism.

The total unsaturation and composition of blood phospholipids were studied in patients with disseminated breast cancer prior to and after chemotherapy. It was shown that the level of double bonds in blood lipids was quite definitely related to the effect of treatment and may have an independent prognostic significance. A correlation was established between the survival of patients and the character of changes in the level of double bonds after chemotherapy. The treatment did not influence the relative content of different fractions and the oxidizability of plasma phospholipids and erythrocytes.

Oxygen and air low-temperature plasma treatment leads to significant changes in fibre cuticle cell membrane (skin flakes). Both lipids and proteins were destroyed. The processes of intensive lipid oxidation resulted from low-temperature plasma action. This factor seems to change critical surface tension, wetting and increasing penetration of dyes through the cuticle.

The results are discussed of studies on oxyhemoglobin coagulation in neutral phosphate buffer and acidic acetate buffer at pH ranging from 5.85 to 4.90. Peculiarities are shown of the effect of strong complexon on the oxyhemoglobin-coagulum-mercuric acetate system in neutral tris-buffer. Coagulation characteristics are cited for polymeric oxyhemoglobin in presence of mercury ions.

A model consideration was performed of possible mechanism of sonic information compression in neurone network. A prognosis was made on the frequency-temporal structure of Earth electromagnetic field variability, which was influenced by cosmic and geophysics factors.

Effect of gamma irradiation in low doses (10, 20, 40 and 50 cGy) on HeLa cells was studied. The survival of cells exposed to the irradiation in the dose of 50 cGy was decreased while it remained unchanged in cells irradiated in the dose of 10-40 cGy and their descendants. Nonetheless, their survival following an additional treatment with a mixture of cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea was reduced. It was suggested that the genome stability was diminished in irradiated cells and their descendants.

The bone marrow formation of three structure-functional types of chromosome combinations was studied on intact rats at diverse age periods and experimental models of splenectomy, aseptic inflammation, hypoxic state, hemorrhage, and irradiation. As a result, a dependence was revealed of their formation intensity upon the ontogenesis stage as well as upon the nature and power of the experimental factor affecting the organism.

For the first time the dynamics of metabolic and immune responses to xenobiotics were analyzed in their long-term effect on the organism. It was shown that the organism gradually lost the capacity to respond to xenobiotics with the induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 and immune response. Possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are under consideration.