This study contains an analysis of mean monthly precipitation values, covering multiple profiles, in 13 Indian river catchment areas: Brahmaputra, Indus, Ganga, Mahi, Narmada, Tapti, Damodar, Brahmani, Krishna, Penner, Cauvery, Mahanadi and Godavari. The analysis covers data for the period 1901–2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5°x°0.5° of geographic longitude and latitude (GPCC data). The data is analysed in monthly and calendar year profiles. The periodical nature of precipitation is assessed and the trends in climate changes calculated. The characteristics of trend in climate changes are described by linear equations with indicated boundary values of coefficients determined at a 5% significance level. The analyses discussed confirm spatial and temporal variability of precipitation in the key river catchment areas in India, feeding the country's surface and underground water resources. The statistics contained in this study demonstrate the regional nature of water supply, indicate the need to complete regional analyses of temporal and spatial variations in the volumes of water feeding Indian resources, and confirm that regional and local plans must be developed to adapt to climate change, based on the accepted scenarios aimed to compensate climate change effects.
{"title":"Characteristics of long-term variability of precipitation in selected river catchment areas in India based on GPCC data for the years 1901–2010","authors":"B. Twaróg","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105035173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105035173","url":null,"abstract":"This study contains an analysis of mean monthly precipitation values, covering multiple profiles, in 13 Indian river catchment areas: Brahmaputra, Indus, Ganga, Mahi, Narmada, Tapti, Damodar, Brahmani, Krishna, Penner, Cauvery, Mahanadi and Godavari. The analysis covers data for the period 1901–2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5°x°0.5° of geographic longitude and latitude (GPCC data). The data is analysed in monthly and calendar year profiles. The periodical nature of precipitation is assessed and the trends in climate changes calculated. The characteristics of trend in climate changes are described by linear equations with indicated boundary values of coefficients determined at a 5% significance level. The analyses discussed confirm spatial and temporal variability of precipitation in the key river catchment areas in India, feeding the country's surface and underground water resources. The statistics contained in this study demonstrate the regional nature of water supply, indicate the need to complete regional analyses of temporal and spatial variations in the volumes of water feeding Indian resources, and confirm that regional and local plans must be developed to adapt to climate change, based on the accepted scenarios aimed to compensate climate change effects.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"51-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79712886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nine water wells serving nine different building residents in the Bourj Abi HaydarNuwayri region in Beirut (Lebanon) were tested for contamination with Gram negative bacteria by standard methods. The samples were obtained from the first outlet from the well that was available for the collection of the water by the users. Six of the wells grew numerous types of bacteria including coliforms and non-fermentative organisms. Two wells grew Salmonella and Shigella species respectively, while a third was recognized for the very big number of CFUs growing from the sample obtained. The three wells that did not grow organisms were obtained from a central tank in each building that was regularly chlorinated and from which the users collected their water supply, when needed. The results show that the substantial contamination obtained, prohibits the use of well-water in the region for any use, without proper treatment to avoid undesired medical consequences. Further studies and intervention of the public health authorities are needed, as the results of this study indicate that this problem seems to be of a bigger magnitude than presumed.
采用标准方法对贝鲁特(黎巴嫩)Bourj Abi HaydarNuwayri地区9个不同建筑居民的9口水井进行了革兰氏阴性菌污染检测。样品是从用户可用于收集水的井的第一个出口获得的。其中6口井生长了多种细菌，包括大肠菌群和非发酵生物。两个井分别生长沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌，而第三个井被认为从获得的样品中生长了大量的cfu。三个不生长生物的井是从每栋楼的中央水箱中获得的，这些水箱定期进行氯化处理，用户在需要时从那里收集水。结果表明，所获得的严重污染，禁止使用该地区的井水作任何用途，如果不进行适当处理，以避免不良的医疗后果。公共卫生当局需要进一步的研究和干预，因为这项研究的结果表明，这一问题似乎比预期的要严重。
{"title":"Bacterial contamination of urban water wells in the Nuwayri region of Beirut - Lebanon","authors":"T. Nawas, H. Koussa","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105038185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105038185","url":null,"abstract":"Nine water wells serving nine different building residents in the Bourj Abi HaydarNuwayri region in Beirut (Lebanon) were tested for contamination with Gram negative bacteria by standard methods. The samples were obtained from the first outlet from the well that was available for the collection of the water by the users. Six of the wells grew numerous types of bacteria including coliforms and non-fermentative organisms. Two wells grew Salmonella and Shigella species respectively, while a third was recognized for the very big number of CFUs growing from the sample obtained. The three wells that did not grow organisms were obtained from a central tank in each building that was regularly chlorinated and from which the users collected their water supply, when needed. The results show that the substantial contamination obtained, prohibits the use of well-water in the region for any use, without proper treatment to avoid undesired medical consequences. Further studies and intervention of the public health authorities are needed, as the results of this study indicate that this problem seems to be of a bigger magnitude than presumed.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"72 1","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73880752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jain, Neeraj Chuadhary, V. Singh, R. Srivastava
Due to various health risks associated with contaminated sites, health risk assessment has gained a lot of attention among the researchers worldwide. Health risk analysis is also one of the elementary steps involved in the selection of a cleanup program for a site. In this paper, the non carcinogenic (as Hazard Index) and carcinogenic health risks are evaluated for the three contaminated sites located in different parts of India i.e. Balanagar industrial area (Hyderabad), Pali industrial area (Rajasthan) and Surat industrial area situated in south Gujarat, to identify the potential health risks to human involved with the exposure to the site. Analysis was made for three receptors (i.e., child, adult and industrial worker) by considering three types of exposure pathways (ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact). Results demonstrated site 1 to be highly contaminated as the induced risks were much higher than safe level. Site 2 was mainly polluted by Cr and Pb only. High carcinogenic risk was induced with the exposure to site 3 due to accumulation of high concentration of Cr.
{"title":"Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites in India","authors":"M. Jain, Neeraj Chuadhary, V. Singh, R. Srivastava","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105027883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105027883","url":null,"abstract":"Due to various health risks associated with contaminated sites, health risk assessment has gained a lot of attention among the researchers worldwide. Health risk analysis is also one of the elementary steps involved in the selection of a cleanup program for a site. In this paper, the non carcinogenic (as Hazard Index) and carcinogenic health risks are evaluated for the three contaminated sites located in different parts of India i.e. Balanagar industrial area (Hyderabad), Pali industrial area (Rajasthan) and Surat industrial area situated in south Gujarat, to identify the potential health risks to human involved with the exposure to the site. Analysis was made for three receptors (i.e., child, adult and industrial worker) by considering three types of exposure pathways (ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact). Results demonstrated site 1 to be highly contaminated as the induced risks were much higher than safe level. Site 2 was mainly polluted by Cr and Pb only. High carcinogenic risk was induced with the exposure to site 3 due to accumulation of high concentration of Cr.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75639706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Characteristic geomorphological evidences, preserved around the snout of the Bara Shigri Glacier in the district of Lahaul-spiti in the Himachal Himalaya, suggest that this glacier underwent successive stages of fluctuation during its retreat after a considerable surge in the Little Ice Age under climatic deterioration. Three sets of conspicuous retreat moraines with varying sizes and extensions have been identified and interpreted. Fresh lateral and terminal moraines, extending from the snout of the glacier down to the Chandra River bed for a distance of about four kilometres, suggest that the maximum advance during the Little Ice Age took place down to that position and formed a temporary shallow lake to the west of the existing morainic ridge which dammed the Chandra River. The study also reveals that in the present day the glacier is shrinking alarmingly under the Global Climate Change. Occurrence of fresh hummocky morainic drift in the foreground of the retreating snout has been attributed to this contemporary rapid retreat of the glacier.
{"title":"Geomorphological evidences of fluctuations of the Bara Shigri Glacier in the Himachal Himalaya, India under Global Climate Change","authors":"Guru Prasad Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105011316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105011316","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristic geomorphological evidences, preserved around the snout of the Bara Shigri Glacier in the district of Lahaul-spiti in the Himachal Himalaya, suggest that this glacier underwent successive stages of fluctuation during its retreat after a considerable surge in the Little Ice Age under climatic deterioration. Three sets of conspicuous retreat moraines with varying sizes and extensions have been identified and interpreted. Fresh lateral and terminal moraines, extending from the snout of the glacier down to the Chandra River bed for a distance of about four kilometres, suggest that the maximum advance during the Little Ice Age took place down to that position and formed a temporary shallow lake to the west of the existing morainic ridge which dammed the Chandra River. The study also reveals that in the present day the glacier is shrinking alarmingly under the Global Climate Change. Occurrence of fresh hummocky morainic drift in the foreground of the retreating snout has been attributed to this contemporary rapid retreat of the glacier.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72839972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.9790/2402-110402122128
Stanley H. O, Offorbuike, O. M, Stanley C.N.
This study was conducted to investigate the extent of degradation of crude oil in contaminated soil by harnessing the remedial potential of Pleurotuspulmonarius when grown in soil with saw dust and rice bran as amendment additives. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, total organic carbon (%TOC), total organic matter (%TOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of the contaminated soil and soil amended with saw dust and rice bran were monitored during the study period. Homogenized sterilized soil (700g) each was amended with 150 g of saw dust, rice bran and inoculated with P.pulmonariusspawn,to establish A (soil + saw dust + rice bran + P.pulmonarius), B (soil + rice bran + P.pulmonarius), C (soil + saw dust + P.pulmonarius) and D (soil + saw dust + rice bran) experimental set-up. The experiment was allowed to run for 60 days with periodic sampling every 15 days intervals for analysis. The results revealed a sharp decrease in TPH concentration after 15 days, which progressively decreased further over the subsequent sampling intervals; with a corresponding increase in the removal rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Set-up A and D emerged as the maximum and minimum for the removal of TPH components at the end of the bioremediation process as illustrated in the order: A (90.12%) > B (77.42%) > C (72.20%) > D (9.98%). It was observed that the saw dust and rice bran blend had sufficient amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) to sustain biodegradation of crude oil components in the contaminated soil. Biodegradation of the hydrocarbon components of the crude oil was confirmed using gas chromatography and reduction of crude fractions with carbon atoms ranging from C10-C40 was observed. This study showed that P.pulmonarius is effective at decontaminating crude oil polluted soil.
利用肺侧耳菌在添加锯末和米糠的土壤中对原油的修复作用，研究了其对污染土壤中原油的降解程度。在研究期间，对污染土壤和木屑米糠改良土壤的pH、总有机碳(%TOC)、总有机质(%TOM)、全氮(TN)、有效磷(P)、有效钾(K)和总石油烃(TPH)等理化参数进行了监测。分别在匀浆消毒后的土壤(700g)中添加锯末、米糠150 g，接种肺弧菌菌种，分别建立A(土壤+锯末+米糠+肺弧菌)、B(土壤+米糠+肺弧菌)、C(土壤+锯末+肺弧菌)和D(土壤+锯末+米糠)试验装置。实验为期60天，每隔15天定期取样进行分析。结果显示，TPH浓度在15天后急剧下降，在随后的采样间隔内进一步逐渐下降;同时对氮、磷、钾的去除率也相应提高。设置A和D是生物修复过程结束时TPH组分去除率的最大值和最小值，其顺序为:A (90.12%) > B (77.42%) > C (72.20%) > D(9.98%)。结果表明，锯末米糠混合料具有足够的氮、磷、钾(NPK)含量，可维持污染土壤中原油组分的生物降解。气相色谱法证实了原油中碳氢化合物组分的生物降解作用，并观察到原油馏分的碳原子范围为C10-C40。本研究表明，肺芽孢杆菌对原油污染土壤具有良好的净化效果。
{"title":"Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Pleurotuspulmonarius, a White-rot Fungus","authors":"Stanley H. O, Offorbuike, O. M, Stanley C.N.","doi":"10.9790/2402-110402122128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-110402122128","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the extent of degradation of crude oil in contaminated soil by harnessing the remedial potential of Pleurotuspulmonarius when grown in soil with saw dust and rice bran as amendment additives. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, total organic carbon (%TOC), total organic matter (%TOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of the contaminated soil and soil amended with saw dust and rice bran were monitored during the study period. Homogenized sterilized soil (700g) each was amended with 150 g of saw dust, rice bran and inoculated with P.pulmonariusspawn,to establish A (soil + saw dust + rice bran + P.pulmonarius), B (soil + rice bran + P.pulmonarius), C (soil + saw dust + P.pulmonarius) and D (soil + saw dust + rice bran) experimental set-up. The experiment was allowed to run for 60 days with periodic sampling every 15 days intervals for analysis. The results revealed a sharp decrease in TPH concentration after 15 days, which progressively decreased further over the subsequent sampling intervals; with a corresponding increase in the removal rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Set-up A and D emerged as the maximum and minimum for the removal of TPH components at the end of the bioremediation process as illustrated in the order: A (90.12%) > B (77.42%) > C (72.20%) > D (9.98%). It was observed that the saw dust and rice bran blend had sufficient amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) to sustain biodegradation of crude oil components in the contaminated soil. Biodegradation of the hydrocarbon components of the crude oil was confirmed using gas chromatography and reduction of crude fractions with carbon atoms ranging from C10-C40 was observed. This study showed that P.pulmonarius is effective at decontaminating crude oil polluted soil.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"87 1","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76842739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soils on Heavy Metal Contamination in Makurdi, Benue State","authors":"Odueze, J. Chibuzor Nwakonobi","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105028492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105028492","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86942300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on Awareness of Domestic Solid Waste Management among High School Students.","authors":"M. Anitha","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105024348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105024348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79332930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sukanya Karuppannan, Amruth Chandran, Faxen Francis, Javith Khan, D. Dhinakaran
The calciner uses furnace oil as its fuel. The flue gases coming from the calciner has a high thermal energy. This work is done to effectively utilize the thermal energy produced and hence to reduce the fuel consumption. By utilizing the heat energy of flue gases, the TiO2 slurry can be preheated using a heat exchanger. This preheating can reduce the total amount of the furnace oil used in the combustion chamber. Also by effectively utilizing the remaining heat of the gases using another heat exchanger, the furnace oil can be preheated which in turn eliminates the use of heating coil. Thus the efficiency of the plant can be improved by this technique.
{"title":"Effective Utilization of Flue Gas from Titanium Dioxide Production Plant","authors":"Sukanya Karuppannan, Amruth Chandran, Faxen Francis, Javith Khan, D. Dhinakaran","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105020911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105020911","url":null,"abstract":"The calciner uses furnace oil as its fuel. The flue gases coming from the calciner has a high thermal energy. This work is done to effectively utilize the thermal energy produced and hence to reduce the fuel consumption. By utilizing the heat energy of flue gases, the TiO2 slurry can be preheated using a heat exchanger. This preheating can reduce the total amount of the furnace oil used in the combustion chamber. Also by effectively utilizing the remaining heat of the gases using another heat exchanger, the furnace oil can be preheated which in turn eliminates the use of heating coil. Thus the efficiency of the plant can be improved by this technique.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"155 1","pages":"09-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77990849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.9790/2402-110402108113
J. Olivier, E. A. Flores, K. Pérez, Gerardo Álvarez Angulo, Juan Carlos Espinosa, César Gómez Beltrán, J. R. Canepa
The use of organic waste, as a basis for obtaining renewable energies, is a booming activity in developed areas of the European Union, and Mexico, in specific, the southeast area where Tabasco belongs, is the source of various substrates that can be exploited. The present objective is to determine the analytical characteristics of different substrates generated in the State of Tabasco, and to determine theoretically its potential in obtaining biogas, thermal and electrical energy. The analytical results, indicate that pork and cow excreta, and the water lily, have the highest SVT content, with 82.82 ± 1.33%, 81.41 ± 1.43% and 81.19 ± 2.52% respectively. The theoretical biogas production was higher in pig substrates (20.21 m 3 d -1 ), chicken (15.73 m 3 d -1 ), dog (11.57 m 3 d -1 ) and lamb (9.25 m 3 d -1 ). In heat capacity, the chicken and pork substrates, present the highest theoretical capacity in substitution of LP gas with 5.02 and 6.45 kg d -1 , respectively. Finally, the theoretical values of electricity generation were presented in the substrate chicken, pork and lamb, with 2,156.71, 2,404.37 and 2,475.91 kW year -1 , respectively. With the present work, demonstrates the potential of various substrates in energy production, both heat, as electric.
利用有机废物作为获得可再生能源的基础，在欧盟的发达地区是一项蓬勃发展的活动，特别是墨西哥，塔巴斯科所在的东南部地区，是各种可开发基质的来源。目前的目标是确定在塔巴斯科州生产的不同基质的分析特性，并从理论上确定其在获得沼气、热能和电能方面的潜力。结果表明，猪排泄物、牛排泄物和睡莲排泄物中SVT含量最高，分别为82.82±1.33%、81.41±1.43%和81.19±2.52%。猪(20.21 m 3 d -1)、鸡(15.73 m 3 d -1)、狗(11.57 m 3 d -1)和羊肉(9.25 m 3 d -1)的理论沼气产量较高。在热容方面，鸡肉和猪肉基质替代LP气体的理论容量最高，分别为5.02和6.45 kg d -1。最后给出了基质鸡、猪肉和羊肉的发电量理论值，分别为2156.71、2404.37和2475.91 kW -1年。通过目前的工作，展示了各种基材在能源生产中的潜力，包括热能和电能。
{"title":"Evaluation of the potential of biogas generation, of different organic waste, generated in Tabasco","authors":"J. Olivier, E. A. Flores, K. Pérez, Gerardo Álvarez Angulo, Juan Carlos Espinosa, César Gómez Beltrán, J. R. Canepa","doi":"10.9790/2402-110402108113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-110402108113","url":null,"abstract":"The use of organic waste, as a basis for obtaining renewable energies, is a booming activity in developed areas of the European Union, and Mexico, in specific, the southeast area where Tabasco belongs, is the source of various substrates that can be exploited. The present objective is to determine the analytical characteristics of different substrates generated in the State of Tabasco, and to determine theoretically its potential in obtaining biogas, thermal and electrical energy. The analytical results, indicate that pork and cow excreta, and the water lily, have the highest SVT content, with 82.82 ± 1.33%, 81.41 ± 1.43% and 81.19 ± 2.52% respectively. The theoretical biogas production was higher in pig substrates (20.21 m 3 d -1 ), chicken (15.73 m 3 d -1 ), dog (11.57 m 3 d -1 ) and lamb (9.25 m 3 d -1 ). In heat capacity, the chicken and pork substrates, present the highest theoretical capacity in substitution of LP gas with 5.02 and 6.45 kg d -1 , respectively. Finally, the theoretical values of electricity generation were presented in the substrate chicken, pork and lamb, with 2,156.71, 2,404.37 and 2,475.91 kW year -1 , respectively. With the present work, demonstrates the potential of various substrates in energy production, both heat, as electric.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"95 1","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87401265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an attempt to cover up the unappealing taste of the freshwater thin-lipped grey mullet (Liza ramada) and to produce a convenient agro-food product, cold smoking was applied to fish fillets followed by vacuum packaging. Based on biochemical, microbiological, and sensorial analysis, several indices were used to monitor the product quality over 60 days of refrigerated storage at 2 ±1°C. A different pattern of amine changes occurred following salting and smoking. Except for (his) and (spm); all others amines including cadaverine increased in cold smoked fillets throughout storage. The indices of atherogenicity (IA) and of thrombogenicity (IT) with values of 1.68 and 1.67 respectively, did not show a significant change during storage suggesting a stability of the fatty acids profile. However microbiological analysis limited the shelf life of thin-lipped grey mullet fillets up to 30 days of refrigerated storage. Increase of the microbial load was accompanied by a concomitant and significant (P < 0.05) rise of trimethylamine (TMA-N); volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and change in sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein profiles in smoked fish fillet. The Ki and G values calculated from ATP-related compounds showed different pattern of change. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of fresh and smoked fillets showed undetectable level of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and the sum of PAHs (2.45 ng g −1 ) was far lower than the limit of acceptability. Data submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) showed that cold smoking process was positively correlated with results of TVB-N, TMA-N and HPX.
为了掩盖淡水薄唇灰鲻鱼(Liza ramada)不吸引人的味道，并生产方便的农产品，对鱼片进行冷熏制，然后进行真空包装。通过生化、微生物学和感官分析，采用多项指标监测产品在2±1°C冷藏60 d的质量。盐腌和吸烟后，胺的变化模式不同。(his)及(spm)除外;所有其他的胺，包括尸胺，在整个储存过程中，在冷熏鱼片中都有所增加。动脉粥样硬化性(IA)和血栓形成性(IT)指数分别为1.68和1.67，在储存过程中没有明显变化，表明脂肪酸谱的稳定性。然而，微生物分析限制了薄唇灰鲻鱼片的冷藏保质期，最长可达30天。微生物负荷增加的同时，三甲胺(TMA-N)显著升高(P < 0.05);挥发性碱性氮(TVB-N)与烟熏鱼片中肌浆和肌纤维蛋白谱的变化。由atp相关化合物计算的Ki和G值呈现不同的变化模式。对新鲜鱼片和烟熏鱼片的多环芳烃(PAHs)分析表明，苯并(a)芘(BaP)未检出，PAHs的总和(2.45 ng g−1)远低于可接受限度。主成分分析表明，冷烟过程与TVB-N、TMA-N和HPX呈正相关。
{"title":"Determination of Potential Health Hazards and Nutritional Attributes of the Fresh and Smoked Freshwater Thin-Lipped Grey Mullet (Liza Ramada)","authors":"Olfa Bouzgarrou, S. Sadok","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105042437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105042437","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to cover up the unappealing taste of the freshwater thin-lipped grey mullet (Liza ramada) and to produce a convenient agro-food product, cold smoking was applied to fish fillets followed by vacuum packaging. Based on biochemical, microbiological, and sensorial analysis, several indices were used to monitor the product quality over 60 days of refrigerated storage at 2 ±1°C. A different pattern of amine changes occurred following salting and smoking. Except for (his) and (spm); all others amines including cadaverine increased in cold smoked fillets throughout storage. The indices of atherogenicity (IA) and of thrombogenicity (IT) with values of 1.68 and 1.67 respectively, did not show a significant change during storage suggesting a stability of the fatty acids profile. However microbiological analysis limited the shelf life of thin-lipped grey mullet fillets up to 30 days of refrigerated storage. Increase of the microbial load was accompanied by a concomitant and significant (P < 0.05) rise of trimethylamine (TMA-N); volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and change in sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein profiles in smoked fish fillet. The Ki and G values calculated from ATP-related compounds showed different pattern of change. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of fresh and smoked fillets showed undetectable level of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and the sum of PAHs (2.45 ng g −1 ) was far lower than the limit of acceptability. Data submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) showed that cold smoking process was positively correlated with results of TVB-N, TMA-N and HPX.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"24-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82224473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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