In an attempt to cover up the unappealing taste of the freshwater thin-lipped grey mullet (Liza ramada) and to produce a convenient agro-food product, cold smoking was applied to fish fillets followed by vacuum packaging. Based on biochemical, microbiological, and sensorial analysis, several indices were used to monitor the product quality over 60 days of refrigerated storage at 2 ±1°C. A different pattern of amine changes occurred following salting and smoking. Except for (his) and (spm); all others amines including cadaverine increased in cold smoked fillets throughout storage. The indices of atherogenicity (IA) and of thrombogenicity (IT) with values of 1.68 and 1.67 respectively, did not show a significant change during storage suggesting a stability of the fatty acids profile. However microbiological analysis limited the shelf life of thin-lipped grey mullet fillets up to 30 days of refrigerated storage. Increase of the microbial load was accompanied by a concomitant and significant (P < 0.05) rise of trimethylamine (TMA-N); volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and change in sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein profiles in smoked fish fillet. The Ki and G values calculated from ATP-related compounds showed different pattern of change. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of fresh and smoked fillets showed undetectable level of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and the sum of PAHs (2.45 ng g −1 ) was far lower than the limit of acceptability. Data submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) showed that cold smoking process was positively correlated with results of TVB-N, TMA-N and HPX.
为了掩盖淡水薄唇灰鲻鱼(Liza ramada)不吸引人的味道，并生产方便的农产品，对鱼片进行冷熏制，然后进行真空包装。通过生化、微生物学和感官分析，采用多项指标监测产品在2±1°C冷藏60 d的质量。盐腌和吸烟后，胺的变化模式不同。(his)及(spm)除外;所有其他的胺，包括尸胺，在整个储存过程中，在冷熏鱼片中都有所增加。动脉粥样硬化性(IA)和血栓形成性(IT)指数分别为1.68和1.67，在储存过程中没有明显变化，表明脂肪酸谱的稳定性。然而，微生物分析限制了薄唇灰鲻鱼片的冷藏保质期，最长可达30天。微生物负荷增加的同时，三甲胺(TMA-N)显著升高(P < 0.05);挥发性碱性氮(TVB-N)与烟熏鱼片中肌浆和肌纤维蛋白谱的变化。由atp相关化合物计算的Ki和G值呈现不同的变化模式。对新鲜鱼片和烟熏鱼片的多环芳烃(PAHs)分析表明，苯并(a)芘(BaP)未检出，PAHs的总和(2.45 ng g−1)远低于可接受限度。主成分分析表明，冷烟过程与TVB-N、TMA-N和HPX呈正相关。
{"title":"Determination of Potential Health Hazards and Nutritional Attributes of the Fresh and Smoked Freshwater Thin-Lipped Grey Mullet (Liza Ramada)","authors":"Olfa Bouzgarrou, S. Sadok","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105042437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105042437","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to cover up the unappealing taste of the freshwater thin-lipped grey mullet (Liza ramada) and to produce a convenient agro-food product, cold smoking was applied to fish fillets followed by vacuum packaging. Based on biochemical, microbiological, and sensorial analysis, several indices were used to monitor the product quality over 60 days of refrigerated storage at 2 ±1°C. A different pattern of amine changes occurred following salting and smoking. Except for (his) and (spm); all others amines including cadaverine increased in cold smoked fillets throughout storage. The indices of atherogenicity (IA) and of thrombogenicity (IT) with values of 1.68 and 1.67 respectively, did not show a significant change during storage suggesting a stability of the fatty acids profile. However microbiological analysis limited the shelf life of thin-lipped grey mullet fillets up to 30 days of refrigerated storage. Increase of the microbial load was accompanied by a concomitant and significant (P < 0.05) rise of trimethylamine (TMA-N); volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and change in sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein profiles in smoked fish fillet. The Ki and G values calculated from ATP-related compounds showed different pattern of change. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of fresh and smoked fillets showed undetectable level of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and the sum of PAHs (2.45 ng g −1 ) was far lower than the limit of acceptability. Data submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) showed that cold smoking process was positively correlated with results of TVB-N, TMA-N and HPX.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"24-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82224473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.9790/2402-110402108113
J. Olivier, E. A. Flores, K. Pérez, Gerardo Álvarez Angulo, Juan Carlos Espinosa, César Gómez Beltrán, J. R. Canepa
The use of organic waste, as a basis for obtaining renewable energies, is a booming activity in developed areas of the European Union, and Mexico, in specific, the southeast area where Tabasco belongs, is the source of various substrates that can be exploited. The present objective is to determine the analytical characteristics of different substrates generated in the State of Tabasco, and to determine theoretically its potential in obtaining biogas, thermal and electrical energy. The analytical results, indicate that pork and cow excreta, and the water lily, have the highest SVT content, with 82.82 ± 1.33%, 81.41 ± 1.43% and 81.19 ± 2.52% respectively. The theoretical biogas production was higher in pig substrates (20.21 m 3 d -1 ), chicken (15.73 m 3 d -1 ), dog (11.57 m 3 d -1 ) and lamb (9.25 m 3 d -1 ). In heat capacity, the chicken and pork substrates, present the highest theoretical capacity in substitution of LP gas with 5.02 and 6.45 kg d -1 , respectively. Finally, the theoretical values of electricity generation were presented in the substrate chicken, pork and lamb, with 2,156.71, 2,404.37 and 2,475.91 kW year -1 , respectively. With the present work, demonstrates the potential of various substrates in energy production, both heat, as electric.
利用有机废物作为获得可再生能源的基础，在欧盟的发达地区是一项蓬勃发展的活动，特别是墨西哥，塔巴斯科所在的东南部地区，是各种可开发基质的来源。目前的目标是确定在塔巴斯科州生产的不同基质的分析特性，并从理论上确定其在获得沼气、热能和电能方面的潜力。结果表明，猪排泄物、牛排泄物和睡莲排泄物中SVT含量最高，分别为82.82±1.33%、81.41±1.43%和81.19±2.52%。猪(20.21 m 3 d -1)、鸡(15.73 m 3 d -1)、狗(11.57 m 3 d -1)和羊肉(9.25 m 3 d -1)的理论沼气产量较高。在热容方面，鸡肉和猪肉基质替代LP气体的理论容量最高，分别为5.02和6.45 kg d -1。最后给出了基质鸡、猪肉和羊肉的发电量理论值，分别为2156.71、2404.37和2475.91 kW -1年。通过目前的工作，展示了各种基材在能源生产中的潜力，包括热能和电能。
{"title":"Evaluation of the potential of biogas generation, of different organic waste, generated in Tabasco","authors":"J. Olivier, E. A. Flores, K. Pérez, Gerardo Álvarez Angulo, Juan Carlos Espinosa, César Gómez Beltrán, J. R. Canepa","doi":"10.9790/2402-110402108113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-110402108113","url":null,"abstract":"The use of organic waste, as a basis for obtaining renewable energies, is a booming activity in developed areas of the European Union, and Mexico, in specific, the southeast area where Tabasco belongs, is the source of various substrates that can be exploited. The present objective is to determine the analytical characteristics of different substrates generated in the State of Tabasco, and to determine theoretically its potential in obtaining biogas, thermal and electrical energy. The analytical results, indicate that pork and cow excreta, and the water lily, have the highest SVT content, with 82.82 ± 1.33%, 81.41 ± 1.43% and 81.19 ± 2.52% respectively. The theoretical biogas production was higher in pig substrates (20.21 m 3 d -1 ), chicken (15.73 m 3 d -1 ), dog (11.57 m 3 d -1 ) and lamb (9.25 m 3 d -1 ). In heat capacity, the chicken and pork substrates, present the highest theoretical capacity in substitution of LP gas with 5.02 and 6.45 kg d -1 , respectively. Finally, the theoretical values of electricity generation were presented in the substrate chicken, pork and lamb, with 2,156.71, 2,404.37 and 2,475.91 kW year -1 , respectively. With the present work, demonstrates the potential of various substrates in energy production, both heat, as electric.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"95 1","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87401265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A long-term research was made (2000-2015) of air pollution in the industrial region of Devnya, located in North-east Bulgaria. It has powerful industrial enterprises of great significance for the national economy: production of soda ash, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers, clinker and cement, as well as a coalfired thermal power plant. Basic pollutants were studied: SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, NH3 and C6H6. The results indicate a significant decrease in the concentrations of all air pollutants after the introduction of the IPPC permits for the industrial and combustion plants (2005-2006) for the implementation of best available techniques, efficient purification facilities of waste gases, and strict control of harmful substances. The concentrations of pollutants at the end of period are much lower than in comparison with the start of the study, and the differences are of high statistical significance (0.001 ≤ Р ≤ 0.05). Implementation of the measures in IPPC permits, as well as measures aimed at lightand heavy-duty vehicles, fugitive emissions, an information campaign among the population regarding the quality of the fuels used and their impact on air pollution, as well as energy efficiency of buildings and its impact on fuel consumption, etc., are contributing to improving air quality.
{"title":"Long-term Observation of Atmospheric Pollution in an Industrial Region in North-East Bulgaria during 2000-2015: Possibilities to Improve Air Quality","authors":"R. Chuturkova","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105023142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105023142","url":null,"abstract":"A long-term research was made (2000-2015) of air pollution in the industrial region of Devnya, located in North-east Bulgaria. It has powerful industrial enterprises of great significance for the national economy: production of soda ash, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers, clinker and cement, as well as a coalfired thermal power plant. Basic pollutants were studied: SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, NH3 and C6H6. The results indicate a significant decrease in the concentrations of all air pollutants after the introduction of the IPPC permits for the industrial and combustion plants (2005-2006) for the implementation of best available techniques, efficient purification facilities of waste gases, and strict control of harmful substances. The concentrations of pollutants at the end of period are much lower than in comparison with the start of the study, and the differences are of high statistical significance (0.001 ≤ Р ≤ 0.05). Implementation of the measures in IPPC permits, as well as measures aimed at lightand heavy-duty vehicles, fugitive emissions, an information campaign among the population regarding the quality of the fuels used and their impact on air pollution, as well as energy efficiency of buildings and its impact on fuel consumption, etc., are contributing to improving air quality.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74493580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial wastewater contain certain chemical nutrients especially compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, and heavy metals which if discarded without treatment can lead to eutrophication and related environmental issues that affect the recycling processes of bio system. Currently, many efficient procedures exist for removing these nutrients but they usually present drawbacks in terms of cost-effectiveness, complexity of operation, waste generation (sludge) and/or high energy consumption. In order to overcome these problems, this research work focused on treating industrial wastewaters by using microalgae technology. Microalgae was cultivated on the industrial wastewater which provide not only water medium but also source of necessary nutrients suitable for algal cultivation, and thus treat the water by getting rid of these chemical nutrients. The algae selected for the study was spirulina sp. Various parameters like pH TDS, turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Ammonium, Nitrogen, Phosphate and heavy metals were observed after the treatment. Percentage reduction rate of 35.6% (BOD), Algal productivity rate of 42% (average), and nitrogen reduction rate of 0.8% (average) were observed. Heavy metals involved such as iron, lead, cadmium and Zinc are found to decrease in the range of 60 to 80% per day and per growth of microalgae. Simulating the model for the effect of addition of CO2 into the pond, shows that at a flowrate of 10 m 3 /hour, 62.5% increase of algal productivity is achieved and the maximum productivity is reached at 25 m 3 /hour. The rate of productivity improvement gradually reduces as the gas flowrate increases. In the end of the studies, the simulation provides useful insights into optimal approaches for algal growth and thereby reducing costly experimental efforts. Therefore using microalgae is an environmentally safe alternative for treating wastewater as evident by algal growth rate, productivity and nutrient removal efficiency.
{"title":"Experimental Study and Model Development of Algal Based Industrial Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Tsado, D. G., A. M, Owolabi, O.E","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105040107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105040107","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wastewater contain certain chemical nutrients especially compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, and heavy metals which if discarded without treatment can lead to eutrophication and related environmental issues that affect the recycling processes of bio system. Currently, many efficient procedures exist for removing these nutrients but they usually present drawbacks in terms of cost-effectiveness, complexity of operation, waste generation (sludge) and/or high energy consumption. In order to overcome these problems, this research work focused on treating industrial wastewaters by using microalgae technology. Microalgae was cultivated on the industrial wastewater which provide not only water medium but also source of necessary nutrients suitable for algal cultivation, and thus treat the water by getting rid of these chemical nutrients. The algae selected for the study was spirulina sp. Various parameters like pH TDS, turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Ammonium, Nitrogen, Phosphate and heavy metals were observed after the treatment. Percentage reduction rate of 35.6% (BOD), Algal productivity rate of 42% (average), and nitrogen reduction rate of 0.8% (average) were observed. Heavy metals involved such as iron, lead, cadmium and Zinc are found to decrease in the range of 60 to 80% per day and per growth of microalgae. Simulating the model for the effect of addition of CO2 into the pond, shows that at a flowrate of 10 m 3 /hour, 62.5% increase of algal productivity is achieved and the maximum productivity is reached at 25 m 3 /hour. The rate of productivity improvement gradually reduces as the gas flowrate increases. In the end of the studies, the simulation provides useful insights into optimal approaches for algal growth and thereby reducing costly experimental efforts. Therefore using microalgae is an environmentally safe alternative for treating wastewater as evident by algal growth rate, productivity and nutrient removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":"01-07"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74589595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polyhydroxybutyrate as Bio-Degradable Plastic – A Review","authors":"K. ShivalkarYadav, R. Prabha","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105011012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105011012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"10-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84276279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The levels of Selenium (Se) in vegetables, medicinal plants and soils from selected sites within the Lower Benue River Basin Development Authority catchment (spanning latitudes 6o 15’ and 9o 10’N and longitudes 6o 22’ and 10o 25’E) were determined as part of investigations of the element’s biogeochemistry in the area. Seventy eight (78) plant and forty (40) agricultural soil samples were obtained from eight sites in the study area and their levels of Se determined using the simple, sensitive and selective 2, 4-DNPH-NEDA spectrophotometric method. Results obtained showed soil Se in the whole area was in the range 1.0 x 10 -4 – 97.0 x 10 -4 mg/kg, with an average of 44.0 x 10 -4 ±0.0020 mg/kg, while the mean Se levels in vegetables and medicinal plants were 217.0 x 10 -4 ±0.0105 mg/kg and 206.0 x 10 -4 ±0.01 mg/kg respectively. These results show that Se in the soils and vegetation in the area is lower compared to literature reports. The Lower Benue Valley (LBV; coordinates of longitudes 7°00'E and 8°30'E and latitudes 5°00'N and 6°30'N) in Nigeria where HIV/AIDS prevalence is historically fairly high and considering the role of Se in the progression of this disease we embarked on studies of the phytopedochemical distribution of the element in the areas including LBV.
{"title":"Levels of Selenium in Vegetables, Medicinal Plants and Soils from Selected Sites within the Lower Benue River Basin Development Authority Catchment, Nigeria","authors":"A. Oklo, R. Sha’Ato, I. S. Eneji, M. Igyor","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105032130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105032130","url":null,"abstract":"The levels of Selenium (Se) in vegetables, medicinal plants and soils from selected sites within the Lower Benue River Basin Development Authority catchment (spanning latitudes 6o 15’ and 9o 10’N and longitudes 6o 22’ and 10o 25’E) were determined as part of investigations of the element’s biogeochemistry in the area. Seventy eight (78) plant and forty (40) agricultural soil samples were obtained from eight sites in the study area and their levels of Se determined using the simple, sensitive and selective 2, 4-DNPH-NEDA spectrophotometric method. Results obtained showed soil Se in the whole area was in the range 1.0 x 10 -4 – 97.0 x 10 -4 mg/kg, with an average of 44.0 x 10 -4 ±0.0020 mg/kg, while the mean Se levels in vegetables and medicinal plants were 217.0 x 10 -4 ±0.0105 mg/kg and 206.0 x 10 -4 ±0.01 mg/kg respectively. These results show that Se in the soils and vegetation in the area is lower compared to literature reports. The Lower Benue Valley (LBV; coordinates of longitudes 7°00'E and 8°30'E and latitudes 5°00'N and 6°30'N) in Nigeria where HIV/AIDS prevalence is historically fairly high and considering the role of Se in the progression of this disease we embarked on studies of the phytopedochemical distribution of the element in the areas including LBV.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89207796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique was applied for determination of heavy metals present in some selected varieties of leafy vegetables, mostly consumed in Ethiopia such as Ethiopian kale (Brassica carinata), Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa var.capitata), chard (Beta vulgaris), cauliflower (brassica oleracea.var.botrytis), Cabbage, Collard green (brassica oleracea), Siberian kale (Brassica napus var.pabularia) and Russian kale collected from Akaki, Kera and Debre Berhan. The concentration of 9 heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, As and Pb) were analyzed in the selected leafy vegetables. The foodstuffs examined for metal constituents are the basis of human nutrition in the study area except Siberian kale and Russian kale. The highest level of heavy metals were found in vegetables which are grown in Akaki and Kera, compared to samples of Debre Berhan , because Debre Berhan city is the place with no specific type of pollution. Metal levels observed in different sources were compared with WHO/FAO, and established permissible levels reported by different authors. Accumulation of most of the heavy metals in vegetables studied was higher than the recommended maximum tolerable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1999), with the exception of copper, iron, cobalt and nickel, which exhibited lowlying content. Among all selected leafy vegetables, Swiss chard accumulate much higher concentrations of metals and toxic metals like As and Pb was not detected in Abyssinia kale collected from Debre Berhan.
{"title":"Study of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Leafy Vegetables of Ethiopia","authors":"W. Gezahegn","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105015768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105015768","url":null,"abstract":"Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique was applied for determination of heavy metals present in some selected varieties of leafy vegetables, mostly consumed in Ethiopia such as Ethiopian kale (Brassica carinata), Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa var.capitata), chard (Beta vulgaris), cauliflower (brassica oleracea.var.botrytis), Cabbage, Collard green (brassica oleracea), Siberian kale (Brassica napus var.pabularia) and Russian kale collected from Akaki, Kera and Debre Berhan. The concentration of 9 heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, As and Pb) were analyzed in the selected leafy vegetables. The foodstuffs examined for metal constituents are the basis of human nutrition in the study area except Siberian kale and Russian kale. The highest level of heavy metals were found in vegetables which are grown in Akaki and Kera, compared to samples of Debre Berhan , because Debre Berhan city is the place with no specific type of pollution. Metal levels observed in different sources were compared with WHO/FAO, and established permissible levels reported by different authors. Accumulation of most of the heavy metals in vegetables studied was higher than the recommended maximum tolerable levels proposed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1999), with the exception of copper, iron, cobalt and nickel, which exhibited lowlying content. Among all selected leafy vegetables, Swiss chard accumulate much higher concentrations of metals and toxic metals like As and Pb was not detected in Abyssinia kale collected from Debre Berhan.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"114 1","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80280889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
White tea is just made by drying only without any other normal fermentation process which is adopted for other tea varieties. The biochemical components like flavonoids, total polyphenols, tannins and catcehins are prominent in white tea. Catechin content is higher than tannin content. All those active components are higher in methanolic extracts than their corresponding aqueous extracts. The higher antioxidant activities are manifestations of all those active components. Higher antimicrobial property (inhibition of growth in liquid and solid medium against Gram positive and Gram negative organism) is a beneficial aspect of white tea regarding health concern. Moreover lowering of in vitro blood glucose level and inhibition of digestive enzymes ( amylase, -D Glucosidase, lipase) may attribute to the biomedical application of white tea.
{"title":"Biochemical and Microbiological Characterization of White Tea","authors":"G. Saha, S. Choudhury, B. Bera, P. Kumar","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105037480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105037480","url":null,"abstract":"White tea is just made by drying only without any other normal fermentation process which is adopted for other tea varieties. The biochemical components like flavonoids, total polyphenols, tannins and catcehins are prominent in white tea. Catechin content is higher than tannin content. All those active components are higher in methanolic extracts than their corresponding aqueous extracts. The higher antioxidant activities are manifestations of all those active components. Higher antimicrobial property (inhibition of growth in liquid and solid medium against Gram positive and Gram negative organism) is a beneficial aspect of white tea regarding health concern. Moreover lowering of in vitro blood glucose level and inhibition of digestive enzymes ( amylase, -D Glucosidase, lipase) may attribute to the biomedical application of white tea.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73300444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rendevski, Ahmed Sulaiman Ali Alghanbeer Alkhanbouli, Khaled Saif Mohamed Ali Al Shaabi, S. A. Ahmed
Milk adulteration is a problem for the dairy industry. It can cause economic losses, lowering the quality of products and putting the consumers’ safety in risk, especially milk products for children and infants. Adding water to milk is a common practice by farmers in many countries. A method of electrical conductance measurement at high frequency can give information if the milk is with added water before processing it. The objective of the research is to develop a measuring method with handheld device that can detect added water in fresh milk by measuring the electrical conductance. Namely, if there is no added water, the conductance will drop down of the initial value if we add 1 % water, but will rise to initial value if we add 2 % and after will decrease continuously with addition of 3 % or more. If there was already added water, the conductance of the milk will decrease only with addition of water without noticeable drop of the value when we add 1-2 %.
{"title":"Testing For Added Water in Milk with Handheld LCR Meter","authors":"S. Rendevski, Ahmed Sulaiman Ali Alghanbeer Alkhanbouli, Khaled Saif Mohamed Ali Al Shaabi, S. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105012330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105012330","url":null,"abstract":"Milk adulteration is a problem for the dairy industry. It can cause economic losses, lowering the quality of products and putting the consumers’ safety in risk, especially milk products for children and infants. Adding water to milk is a common practice by farmers in many countries. A method of electrical conductance measurement at high frequency can give information if the milk is with added water before processing it. The objective of the research is to develop a measuring method with handheld device that can detect added water in fresh milk by measuring the electrical conductance. Namely, if there is no added water, the conductance will drop down of the initial value if we add 1 % water, but will rise to initial value if we add 2 % and after will decrease continuously with addition of 3 % or more. If there was already added water, the conductance of the milk will decrease only with addition of water without noticeable drop of the value when we add 1-2 %.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76212798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three different samples of cheese were used to investigate the effect of freeze drying on the nutritional content of local cheese. Sample A was obtained from Bida in Niger state. While samples B and C are obtained from Suleja and Kontagora respectively all in Niger state. The results of the proximate analysis showed that sample A with initial moisture content of 0.62 has a calorific value (calculated from the amount of carbohydrate, protein and fat) of 557.01 Kcal/100g after freeze drying at a temperature of 25 o C and a chamber pressure of 2.7 N/m 2 for 5 hours. This is above the minimum recommended standard value of 465 Kcal/100g by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) for Milk and dairy products. The calcium content was 311 mg lower than the minimum standard value of 1000 mg by FAO and WHO. Samples B and C have calorific values of 511.2 Kcal/100g and 560 Kcal/100g after freeze drying at 25 o C, 27 N/m 2 and 5 hours respectively. These are both above the minimum recommended standard value. The calcium contents for both samples B and C are 311 mg and 304 mg respectively which in both cases are lower than the standard minimum stipulated value by FAO and WHO. With these results, freeze drying can be a good option for drying local cheese in order to retain its nutrients and also increase its shelf-life for later human consumption.
{"title":"Proximate Effect of Drying on the Qualities of Local Cheese Dried With Freeze Dryer","authors":"J. Okafor, M. Adamu, Tsado D.G","doi":"10.9790/2402-1105041318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1105041318","url":null,"abstract":"Three different samples of cheese were used to investigate the effect of freeze drying on the nutritional content of local cheese. Sample A was obtained from Bida in Niger state. While samples B and C are obtained from Suleja and Kontagora respectively all in Niger state. The results of the proximate analysis showed that sample A with initial moisture content of 0.62 has a calorific value (calculated from the amount of carbohydrate, protein and fat) of 557.01 Kcal/100g after freeze drying at a temperature of 25 o C and a chamber pressure of 2.7 N/m 2 for 5 hours. This is above the minimum recommended standard value of 465 Kcal/100g by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) for Milk and dairy products. The calcium content was 311 mg lower than the minimum standard value of 1000 mg by FAO and WHO. Samples B and C have calorific values of 511.2 Kcal/100g and 560 Kcal/100g after freeze drying at 25 o C, 27 N/m 2 and 5 hours respectively. These are both above the minimum recommended standard value. The calcium contents for both samples B and C are 311 mg and 304 mg respectively which in both cases are lower than the standard minimum stipulated value by FAO and WHO. With these results, freeze drying can be a good option for drying local cheese in order to retain its nutrients and also increase its shelf-life for later human consumption.","PeriodicalId":14546,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology","volume":"50 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83994372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：