Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.028
Suchita Atreya
Secondary metabolites (SMs) are naturally occurring compounds produced mostly by bacteria, fungus, and plants. They are low-molecular-weight compounds with a wide range of chemical structures and biological functions. In contrast to main metabolites such as lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, the name secondary metabolite comes from the discovery that their creation is not required for organism growth and reproduction. SMs, on the other hand, are far from secondary, and the term "specialised metabolites" is being used to characterise them. Organic chemists, molecular biologists, and bioinformaticians are all working on SMs manufacturing these days.
{"title":"Underexploited benefits of microbial secondary metabolites: Major challenges a review","authors":"Suchita Atreya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.028","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary metabolites (SMs) are naturally occurring compounds produced mostly by bacteria, fungus, and plants. They are low-molecular-weight compounds with a wide range of chemical structures and biological functions. In contrast to main metabolites such as lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, the name secondary metabolite comes from the discovery that their creation is not required for organism growth and reproduction. SMs, on the other hand, are far from secondary, and the term \"specialised metabolites\" is being used to characterise them. Organic chemists, molecular biologists, and bioinformaticians are all working on SMs manufacturing these days.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.030
Srujana Prabhala, Aarthi Sundaresan, Ami Varaiya
Carbapenem (CR) among gram-negative bacteria is a worldwide problem. It is ranked in the highest priority category in the World Health Organization (WHO) global priority list of pathogens.It is responsible for therapeutic failure in both hospital and community-acquired infections. Identifying and monitoring the local epidemiology of the carbapenem resistant organisms, understanding specific mechanisms underlying the resistance and implementing measures to prevent their spread is the need of the hour. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacilli in this hospital. : A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care Hospital in Mumbai from January to December 2022. All Gram negative bacilli from various specimens were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was reported using the VITEK2 automated system (BioMerieux, Durham, North Carolina) and interpreted as per CLSI 2022 guidelines. The resistant genes in the isolates were detected by Xpert Carba-R assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) on request by a consulting physician. : Out of 2,351 gram negative bacilli isolates, 624 were Carbapenem resistant (26.5%). (59.9%) was the most common CR isolate. Molecular testing was done for 190 of these 624 CR isolates. In which New Delhi Metallo beta lactamase (NDM (33.68%) was the most common resistant gene identified followed by NDM & OXA-48(32.63%). With the prevalence of Carbapenem resistant isolates in the settings, adherence to infection control practices and stringent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship is crucial to curb the rate of infection.
革兰氏阴性菌中的碳青霉烯(CR)是一个世界性的问题。在世界卫生组织(世卫组织)全球病原体优先清单中，它被列为最高优先类别。它是医院和社区获得性感染治疗失败的原因。当务之急是确定和监测碳青霉烯耐药生物的当地流行病学，了解耐药的具体机制，并采取措施防止其传播。本研究旨在了解该院耐碳青霉烯革兰氏阴性杆菌的流行情况及分子流行病学。2022年1月至12月在孟买一家三级医院微生物科进行了回顾性研究。使用VITEK2自动化系统(BioMerieux, Durham, North Carolina)对来自各种标本的所有革兰氏阴性杆菌进行鉴定，并报告抗菌药物敏感性，并根据CLSI 2022指南进行解释。应咨询医生的要求，用Xpert Carba-R法检测分离株中的耐药基因(造父变星，Sunnyvale, CA)。在2,351株革兰氏阴性杆菌中，624株对碳青霉烯类耐药(26.5%)。(59.9%)是最常见的CR分离物。对624株CR分离株中的190株进行了分子检测。其中，最常见的耐药基因为新德里金属内酰胺酶(NDM)(33.68%)，其次为NDM;OXA-48(32.63%)。随着环境中碳青霉烯耐药分离株的流行，遵守感染控制做法和严格实施抗微生物药物管理对遏制感染率至关重要。
{"title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai","authors":"Srujana Prabhala, Aarthi Sundaresan, Ami Varaiya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenem (CR) among gram-negative bacteria is a worldwide problem. It is ranked in the highest priority category in the World Health Organization (WHO) global priority list of pathogens.It is responsible for therapeutic failure in both hospital and community-acquired infections. Identifying and monitoring the local epidemiology of the carbapenem resistant organisms, understanding specific mechanisms underlying the resistance and implementing measures to prevent their spread is the need of the hour. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacilli in this hospital. : A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care Hospital in Mumbai from January to December 2022. All Gram negative bacilli from various specimens were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was reported using the VITEK2 automated system (BioMerieux, Durham, North Carolina) and interpreted as per CLSI 2022 guidelines. The resistant genes in the isolates were detected by Xpert Carba-R assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) on request by a consulting physician. : Out of 2,351 gram negative bacilli isolates, 624 were Carbapenem resistant (26.5%). (59.9%) was the most common CR isolate. Molecular testing was done for 190 of these 624 CR isolates. In which New Delhi Metallo beta lactamase (NDM (33.68%) was the most common resistant gene identified followed by NDM & OXA-48(32.63%). With the prevalence of Carbapenem resistant isolates in the settings, adherence to infection control practices and stringent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship is crucial to curb the rate of infection.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.027
Neelam Jain, G. K. Aseri
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ and ‘one health’ approach towards sustainable healthcare to combat global AMR - IJMMTD- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4753 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4761 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.027, IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases-IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis
{"title":"Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ and ‘one health’ approach towards sustainable healthcare to combat global AMR","authors":"Neelam Jain, G. K. Aseri","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ and ‘one health’ approach towards sustainable healthcare to combat global AMR - IJMMTD- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4753 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4761 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.027, IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases-IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.032
Deepthy B J, Athira A, Champa H, Maya S, Aimy Hynse
: The emerging multi-drug resistant variants in different clinical isolates is leading to increased morbidity and mortality, due failure in treatment. The paucity of an accurate data of antimicrobial resistance from different geographical areas is a major setback to its control and management. The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence of drug resistant organisms from different clinical samples in the district of Wayanad, and also to determine the most prevalent and emerging bacterial pathogens among them. : A seven-month retrospective study of different bacterial isolates from various clinical samples was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Wayanad district. Clinical samples taken for the study included urine, pus, sputum and blood. : Data from 2125 clinical samples were studied, in which 661 were urine samples, 910 were pus samples, 225 were blood samples and 339 were sputum samples. The predominant bacteria identified from urine sample was among which the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing was 40.61%, and the metalobetalactamase (MBL) producers 3.45%. was the predominant bacteria in the pus samples, in which Methicillin resistant (MRSA) was found to be 3.92%. was the most predominant bacteria in the blood samples, in which ESBL producing was noted as 3.57%. Klebsiella species were the predominant bacteria in the sputum samples, in which ESBL producing was 16.79% and MBL producers were 3.82%. : The study helped to identify the most predominant antibiotic resistant strains from each of the clinical samples in a resource limited setting like Wayanad. Similar studies would help in successfully formulating treatment strategies against bacterial infections, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality in patients.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance among common clinical isolates from Wayanad district","authors":"Deepthy B J, Athira A, Champa H, Maya S, Aimy Hynse","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":": The emerging multi-drug resistant variants in different clinical isolates is leading to increased morbidity and mortality, due failure in treatment. The paucity of an accurate data of antimicrobial resistance from different geographical areas is a major setback to its control and management. The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence of drug resistant organisms from different clinical samples in the district of Wayanad, and also to determine the most prevalent and emerging bacterial pathogens among them. : A seven-month retrospective study of different bacterial isolates from various clinical samples was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Wayanad district. Clinical samples taken for the study included urine, pus, sputum and blood. : Data from 2125 clinical samples were studied, in which 661 were urine samples, 910 were pus samples, 225 were blood samples and 339 were sputum samples. The predominant bacteria identified from urine sample was among which the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing was 40.61%, and the metalobetalactamase (MBL) producers 3.45%. was the predominant bacteria in the pus samples, in which Methicillin resistant (MRSA) was found to be 3.92%. was the most predominant bacteria in the blood samples, in which ESBL producing was noted as 3.57%. Klebsiella species were the predominant bacteria in the sputum samples, in which ESBL producing was 16.79% and MBL producers were 3.82%. : The study helped to identify the most predominant antibiotic resistant strains from each of the clinical samples in a resource limited setting like Wayanad. Similar studies would help in successfully formulating treatment strategies against bacterial infections, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality in patients.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.036
Swapnil Gautam, Apurva Agarwal, Jay Mukesh Vashisth
Rickettsial diseases are a re-emerging group of illnesses that are known to show a good response to treatment if diagnosed in time. Here we report a case of Scrub Typhus-related Meningoencephalitis in a young gentleman and the importance of high clinical suspicion with early empirical treatment in patients with consistent epidemiological context.
{"title":"An interesting case of scrub typhus meningoencephalits","authors":"Swapnil Gautam, Apurva Agarwal, Jay Mukesh Vashisth","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"Rickettsial diseases are a re-emerging group of illnesses that are known to show a good response to treatment if diagnosed in time. Here we report a case of Scrub Typhus-related Meningoencephalitis in a young gentleman and the importance of high clinical suspicion with early empirical treatment in patients with consistent epidemiological context.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial secondary metabolites needs beneficial exploitation - IJMMTD- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4753 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4761 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.040, IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases-IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis
微生物次生代谢物需要有益的开发- IJMMTD- Print ISSN No:- 2581-4753 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4761 Article DOI:- 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.040, IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases-IP Int J Med microol Trop Dis
{"title":"Microbial secondary metabolites needs beneficial exploitation","authors":"Ranadive Ananth Govindaraju, Gayathri Parivallal, Sumitha Devarajan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.040","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial secondary metabolites needs beneficial exploitation - IJMMTD- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4753 Online ISSN No:- 2581-4761 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.040, IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases-IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.039
R Sathish Kumar Reddy, A Renuka Devi, Laxmana Swamy
Hydatid disease, also known as cystic , occurs due to tapeworm. It is an endemic disease in certain livestock-raising countries. Cardiac involvement is seen rarely, in around 0.5% to 2% of patients with hydatid disease. Interventricular septum is involved in around 4% of cardiac cases. According to Yaman et al., cardiac is a rare condition with a prevalence ranging between 0.5 to 2 percent. Here we report a case of a hydatid cyst in the heart. A 57-year-old male patient came to Gowri Gopal hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh on 29 July 2023 with complaints of shortness of breath for 6 months. He also complained about pain in the chest region for 6 months.ECG findings include sinus tachycardia, probable left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, nonspecific T abnormalities and ST elevation. Chest X-ray PA View revealed left mild fibrosis. Echocardiography showed a hydatid cyst sized 3x2.8 cm., grade I diastolic dysfunction and trivial mitral regurgitation. The patient underwent surgical excision and mitral valve repair. He recovered and was discharged successfully. We conclude that surgical resection, washout of the cavity with saline solution, and albendazole treatment can produce excellent outcomes in interventricular cardiac hydatid cyst cases.
{"title":"A rare case of intracardiac hydatid cyst in the interventricular septum of the heart","authors":"R Sathish Kumar Reddy, A Renuka Devi, Laxmana Swamy","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.039","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatid disease, also known as cystic , occurs due to tapeworm. It is an endemic disease in certain livestock-raising countries. Cardiac involvement is seen rarely, in around 0.5% to 2% of patients with hydatid disease. Interventricular septum is involved in around 4% of cardiac cases. According to Yaman et al., cardiac is a rare condition with a prevalence ranging between 0.5 to 2 percent. Here we report a case of a hydatid cyst in the heart. A 57-year-old male patient came to Gowri Gopal hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh on 29 July 2023 with complaints of shortness of breath for 6 months. He also complained about pain in the chest region for 6 months.ECG findings include sinus tachycardia, probable left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, nonspecific T abnormalities and ST elevation. Chest X-ray PA View revealed left mild fibrosis. Echocardiography showed a hydatid cyst sized 3x2.8 cm., grade I diastolic dysfunction and trivial mitral regurgitation. The patient underwent surgical excision and mitral valve repair. He recovered and was discharged successfully. We conclude that surgical resection, washout of the cavity with saline solution, and albendazole treatment can produce excellent outcomes in interventricular cardiac hydatid cyst cases.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.037
V Shiney John, Shakthesh Kathirvelu, Varun S, Jamunarani Srirangaramasamy, Joseph Jensingh Babu
ROCM is the most common type of Mucormycosis and it can rapidly spread from the paranasal sinuses to orbit and brain which can be fatal in most patients. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor in India. As invasive fungal diseases present with nonspecific clinical features, increasing awareness and education among clinicians about this deadly enemy is very crucial for early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy. We are reporting a case study on ROCM in a Diabetic patient caused by species along with a short review on the taxonomy, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical forms, diagnosis and management of mucormycosis. We hope that this will help in expanding awareness among medical community about mucormycosis which is a lethal opponent of patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
{"title":"A case study of rhino orbito cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) in a diabetic patient reported from a multispeciality hospital in Tamil Nadu","authors":"V Shiney John, Shakthesh Kathirvelu, Varun S, Jamunarani Srirangaramasamy, Joseph Jensingh Babu","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.037","url":null,"abstract":"ROCM is the most common type of Mucormycosis and it can rapidly spread from the paranasal sinuses to orbit and brain which can be fatal in most patients. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor in India. As invasive fungal diseases present with nonspecific clinical features, increasing awareness and education among clinicians about this deadly enemy is very crucial for early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate therapy. We are reporting a case study on ROCM in a Diabetic patient caused by species along with a short review on the taxonomy, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical forms, diagnosis and management of mucormycosis. We hope that this will help in expanding awareness among medical community about mucormycosis which is a lethal opponent of patients with Diabetes Mellitus.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.029
Maimoona Mustafa, Iqra Anjum
Bloodstream infections progress rapidly to life threatening septicemia and sepsis and hence appropriate rapid management is crucial. A prospective study was carried out in the department of microbiology where patients with clinical suspension of bacteremia were enrolled and blood culture was performed. The isolates were identified by phenotypic characters and antimicrobial susceptibility performed. A total of 1200 blood samples were collected out of which 279 were positive for aerobic bacterial growth. was the most commonly isolated organism followed by and . Gentamicin (81.6%), Levofloxacin (75%), Meropenem (88.5%) and (93.8%) showed higher sensitivities when compared to Cephalosporins (55%-68%) and penicillin. Gram-negative bacteria have high resistance rates and discordant antibiotic treatment can lead to multi-organ involvement. Proper timely institution of empirical treatment and adherence to antimicrobial stewardship guidelines coupled with aggressive management is crucial in saving lives.
{"title":"Study of prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood culture isolates from a tertiary care hospital in South India","authors":"Maimoona Mustafa, Iqra Anjum","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"Bloodstream infections progress rapidly to life threatening septicemia and sepsis and hence appropriate rapid management is crucial. A prospective study was carried out in the department of microbiology where patients with clinical suspension of bacteremia were enrolled and blood culture was performed. The isolates were identified by phenotypic characters and antimicrobial susceptibility performed. A total of 1200 blood samples were collected out of which 279 were positive for aerobic bacterial growth. was the most commonly isolated organism followed by and . Gentamicin (81.6%), Levofloxacin (75%), Meropenem (88.5%) and (93.8%) showed higher sensitivities when compared to Cephalosporins (55%-68%) and penicillin. Gram-negative bacteria have high resistance rates and discordant antibiotic treatment can lead to multi-organ involvement. Proper timely institution of empirical treatment and adherence to antimicrobial stewardship guidelines coupled with aggressive management is crucial in saving lives.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135484708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.033
Varalakshmi Vijayakumar, Jennifer Emelda, Venkataraman Radhakrishnan, Saraswathi Subramani
Among the most frequently recognized pathogenic fungi, . from Clinical samples plays a vital role. In recent decades, poor antifungal therapy usage critically in immunocompromised patients has led to antifungal drug resistance among . Hence, expeditious and dependable species identification is crucial for the effective implantation of treatment strategies and the management of diseases. The purpose of the study was to look at the presence of in various Clinical samples taken from cancer patients who are being treated at a tertiary care hospital in South India. The primary objective of this investigation is to ascertain the susceptibility patterns shown by antifungal drugs. This retrospective investigation was undertaken between January 2022 to April 2023. The isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility (AFST) by both Conventional (disc diffusion assay) and Automated methods (VITEK-2 compact - AST YSO1). The susceptibility pattern was recorded against antifungal agents like Fluconazole (FLU), Voriconazole (VOR), Amphotericin B (AMB), and Caspofungin. . was identified by conventional method (Chrome ID) as per standard laboratory protocols and by an automated method using MALDI – TOF. Among 215 samples received from cancer patients suggestive of Candidiasis, albicans (64.6%) was the predominant isolate, and the lowest one was (2.25%). Male patients had a higher prevalence of (55.8%). Similarly, the prevalence was higher in patients over 60, with male patients having an incidence of 38.3% and female patients having 23%. By disk diffusion assay and showed 100% sensitivity to all antifungals used in this study. We conclude that the disc diffusion assay is a more cost-effective, user-friendly, and effective screening test than the VITEK 2, and it has the potential to be used as a workable method for Antifungal susceptibility test. The use of Chrome ID for identification of . is cost-effective and reliable. However, MALDI TOF has the advantage of rapidity, providing correct findings promptly. The timely delivery of diagnostic reports facilitates early diagnosis of patients. Therefore, it is recommended in this research to use MALDI TOF for the identification of . and the disc diffusion technique for antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST).
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