Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.018
Jagan N Joseph, R. Boloor
Infections due to Gram negative bacilli (GNB) are the leading cause of mortality in ICU patients and are associated with higher morbidity rates, longer hospital stays and increased healthcare expenditures. Infections due to GNB in the ICU is about 2 to 5 times higher than in the general in-patient hospital population. This study aims to look at the prevalence of multi drug resistant gram-negative bacilli and proportion of ESBL producers in the MICU and to determine susceptibility patterns of GNB isolated, to various antibiotics. A total of 616 samples were collected from 396 patients admitted to the MICU during the 4-month study period. After the samples were inoculated and identified, the gram-negative isolates were subjected to Antibiotic susceptibility testing using Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion technique with 17 different antibiotic disks. Strains showing decreased sensitivity to Ceftazidime/Cefotaxime were screened for ESBL production. Among the 616 samples tested, 149 (24.2%) samples showed growth of Gram-negative bacteria exclusively. Total number of GNB’s isolated were 173 due to some samples showing polymicrobial growth. The most common GNB found was (27.7%) which was followed by Klebsiella pneumonia at 26.0% and Acinetobacter baumannii at 18.5%. 64.2% of all GNB’s were Multi Drug Resistant which included 75% , 71.1% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 84.4% Acinetobacter baumannii. The study shows that the MDR GNB infections are on the rise in the ICU with GNBs being highly resistant to many previously effective first line antibiotics like Penicillins, newer Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones with susceptibility rates below 25% and even 0% for earlier generation Cephalosporins.
{"title":"Prevalence and pattern of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Coastal Karnataka","authors":"Jagan N Joseph, R. Boloor","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"Infections due to Gram negative bacilli (GNB) are the leading cause of mortality in ICU patients and are associated with higher morbidity rates, longer hospital stays and increased healthcare expenditures. Infections due to GNB in the ICU is about 2 to 5 times higher than in the general in-patient hospital population. This study aims to look at the prevalence of multi drug resistant gram-negative bacilli and proportion of ESBL producers in the MICU and to determine susceptibility patterns of GNB isolated, to various antibiotics. A total of 616 samples were collected from 396 patients admitted to the MICU during the 4-month study period. After the samples were inoculated and identified, the gram-negative isolates were subjected to Antibiotic susceptibility testing using Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion technique with 17 different antibiotic disks. Strains showing decreased sensitivity to Ceftazidime/Cefotaxime were screened for ESBL production. Among the 616 samples tested, 149 (24.2%) samples showed growth of Gram-negative bacteria exclusively. Total number of GNB’s isolated were 173 due to some samples showing polymicrobial growth. The most common GNB found was (27.7%) which was followed by Klebsiella pneumonia at 26.0% and Acinetobacter baumannii at 18.5%. 64.2% of all GNB’s were Multi Drug Resistant which included 75% , 71.1% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 84.4% Acinetobacter baumannii. The study shows that the MDR GNB infections are on the rise in the ICU with GNBs being highly resistant to many previously effective first line antibiotics like Penicillins, newer Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones with susceptibility rates below 25% and even 0% for earlier generation Cephalosporins.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84666351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.022
Kaina Bhonsle, A. Vyas, H. Vyas
At present, resistance of uropathogenic bacteria towards different antibiotics is increasing worldwide due to improper, nonspecific and uncontrolled use of antibiotics; hence the treatment of UTI becomes difficult. These resistant uropathogens are major cause of increased rate of morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to investigate frequency of causal bacterial agents of UTI and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern. The present study was conducted on total 770 urine samples from suspected patients of urinary tract infections, these samples were collected over the period of one year November 2018- October 2019 from different hospitals of Ujjain. Uropathogens were isolated and identified from collected urine sample by biochemical tests and their susceptibility pattern was studied against different antibiotics by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method.A total of 770 urine samples were collected among which 486 (63.1%) samples were tested positive for urinary tract infection in their analysis and prevalence was found higher in female patients (71.6%) as compare to male patients (28.4%). The most common isolated uropathogens were (45.6%), (27.1%), (15.6%), (7.4%) and (4.1%).These isolated uropathogens were highly susceptible to Doripenem, Meropenem, Imepenem, Gentamicin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Rifampin. Due to high prevalence of uropathogens and increased rate of resistance among uropathogens, continued surveillance on uropathogens and their resistance is needed for its proper treatment. So the choice of drug for the treatment of urinary tract infections becomes narrow and its treatment is based on local antimicrobial sensitivity of uropathogens to prevent treatment failure and misuse of antibiotics.
{"title":"Isolation, identification and frequency of isolated uropathogens with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern causing urinary tract infections in patients of Ujjain M.P. (India)","authors":"Kaina Bhonsle, A. Vyas, H. Vyas","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"At present, resistance of uropathogenic bacteria towards different antibiotics is increasing worldwide due to improper, nonspecific and uncontrolled use of antibiotics; hence the treatment of UTI becomes difficult. These resistant uropathogens are major cause of increased rate of morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to investigate frequency of causal bacterial agents of UTI and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern. The present study was conducted on total 770 urine samples from suspected patients of urinary tract infections, these samples were collected over the period of one year November 2018- October 2019 from different hospitals of Ujjain. Uropathogens were isolated and identified from collected urine sample by biochemical tests and their susceptibility pattern was studied against different antibiotics by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method.A total of 770 urine samples were collected among which 486 (63.1%) samples were tested positive for urinary tract infection in their analysis and prevalence was found higher in female patients (71.6%) as compare to male patients (28.4%). The most common isolated uropathogens were (45.6%), (27.1%), (15.6%), (7.4%) and (4.1%).These isolated uropathogens were highly susceptible to Doripenem, Meropenem, Imepenem, Gentamicin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Rifampin. Due to high prevalence of uropathogens and increased rate of resistance among uropathogens, continued surveillance on uropathogens and their resistance is needed for its proper treatment. So the choice of drug for the treatment of urinary tract infections becomes narrow and its treatment is based on local antimicrobial sensitivity of uropathogens to prevent treatment failure and misuse of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90540334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.023
Sateesh K, Sathya Anandam
EPTB comprises 10-15% of all TB cases in developing countries. Diagnosis of TB from body fluids like pleural, peritoneal and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is challenging as all these fluid samples possess very few bacilli.: To determine the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) assay for reliable prediction of EPTB from different body fluids, particularly in low-resource areas with high disease prevalence. This prospective study was out in a rural medical college hospital. An enzymatic deamination method in a kinetic manner was used to monitor the ADA activity. The study processed 100 serum samples from 50 Suspected TB patients and 50 from the control group and 100 samples of body fluids from 50 Suspected TB patients and 50 control samples. Data were recorded in MS Excel sheets, and statistical analysis was performed using MS Office software. Out of 50 serum samples from the suspected TB patient and control groups, 48 (96%) and 17 (34%) were positive for ADA, respectively. Out of 50 samples of body fluids obtained from both suspected TB patients and the control group, 16 (32%) and 3 (06%) were positive for ADA, respectively.Serum ADA positivity was significantly high in suspected TB patients as compared to the control group In our study,observations suggest that serum and serosal fluid Adenosine deaminase (ADA) measurement has good prediction potential for EPTB. Hence, it can be used as a supportive surrogate marker for challenging to diagnose extrapulmonary TB. ADA activity in body fluids is also a sensitive biomarker, especially when combined with serum ADA levels and may become a routine investigation for early detection of extrapulmonary TB. Serum and serosal fluid Adenosine deaminase (ADA) measurements have good prediction potential for PTB & EPTB.
{"title":"The predictive role of combined adenosine deaminase activity in Serum and body fluids to diagnose extrapulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Sateesh K, Sathya Anandam","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"EPTB comprises 10-15% of all TB cases in developing countries. Diagnosis of TB from body fluids like pleural, peritoneal and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is challenging as all these fluid samples possess very few bacilli.: To determine the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) assay for reliable prediction of EPTB from different body fluids, particularly in low-resource areas with high disease prevalence. This prospective study was out in a rural medical college hospital. An enzymatic deamination method in a kinetic manner was used to monitor the ADA activity. The study processed 100 serum samples from 50 Suspected TB patients and 50 from the control group and 100 samples of body fluids from 50 Suspected TB patients and 50 control samples. Data were recorded in MS Excel sheets, and statistical analysis was performed using MS Office software. Out of 50 serum samples from the suspected TB patient and control groups, 48 (96%) and 17 (34%) were positive for ADA, respectively. Out of 50 samples of body fluids obtained from both suspected TB patients and the control group, 16 (32%) and 3 (06%) were positive for ADA, respectively.Serum ADA positivity was significantly high in suspected TB patients as compared to the control group In our study,observations suggest that serum and serosal fluid Adenosine deaminase (ADA) measurement has good prediction potential for EPTB. Hence, it can be used as a supportive surrogate marker for challenging to diagnose extrapulmonary TB. ADA activity in body fluids is also a sensitive biomarker, especially when combined with serum ADA levels and may become a routine investigation for early detection of extrapulmonary TB. Serum and serosal fluid Adenosine deaminase (ADA) measurements have good prediction potential for PTB & EPTB.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82199209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.015
Dharnish Kumar Jha, B. Khanal, R. Baral
The emergence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents in pathogenic bacteria poses a significant public health threat because few or no effective antimicrobials are available for infectious diseases. is a major cause of device-associated infections that pose a serious threat to critically ill patients. Resistance patterns are thought to result in very limited treatment options and high mortality. We examined the prevalence of in endotracheal aspirates samples and explored their antibiotics susceptibility. To determine the value of routine endotracheal aspirate cultures performed prior to the onset of the likely onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia (PVAP) in predicting pathogenic microorganisms and susceptibility to their antibiotics Patients admitted to the ventilatory intensive care unit were tested daily, and endotracheal aspirated (ET) specimens from suspected patients were sent to a microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity measurements. Of the 52 patients, only twenty five (48%) developed PVAP. Endotracheal aspirate cultures were positive in all PVAP cases. The most commonly isolated bacteria was 14 (56%), followed by 6 (24%) and 4 (16%). Almost all isolates of are multidrug resistant (MDR). ICU stays greater than 16 days were observed for the pathogen . We believe that multidrug-resistant is a widespread epidemic, leading to high mortality, long ICU stays, and a difficult case for ICU physicians. Further prospective studies are needed to tackle this threat
{"title":"Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in endotracheal aspirate samples: Experience at a tertiary hospital","authors":"Dharnish Kumar Jha, B. Khanal, R. Baral","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents in pathogenic bacteria poses a significant public health threat because few or no effective antimicrobials are available for infectious diseases. is a major cause of device-associated infections that pose a serious threat to critically ill patients. Resistance patterns are thought to result in very limited treatment options and high mortality. We examined the prevalence of in endotracheal aspirates samples and explored their antibiotics susceptibility. To determine the value of routine endotracheal aspirate cultures performed prior to the onset of the likely onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia (PVAP) in predicting pathogenic microorganisms and susceptibility to their antibiotics Patients admitted to the ventilatory intensive care unit were tested daily, and endotracheal aspirated (ET) specimens from suspected patients were sent to a microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity measurements. Of the 52 patients, only twenty five (48%) developed PVAP. Endotracheal aspirate cultures were positive in all PVAP cases. The most commonly isolated bacteria was 14 (56%), followed by 6 (24%) and 4 (16%). Almost all isolates of are multidrug resistant (MDR). ICU stays greater than 16 days were observed for the pathogen . We believe that multidrug-resistant is a widespread epidemic, leading to high mortality, long ICU stays, and a difficult case for ICU physicians. Further prospective studies are needed to tackle this threat","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77188646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.014
Anupam Das, P. Pandey, Harshit Yadav, K. Maurya, Vikram Singh, M. Sen, J. Agarwal
Aspergillosis can be a severe cause of mortality specially in immunocompromised patients. The range of infection due to . extends from cutaneous to invasive infections. Other than the commonly encountered , other species of Aspergillus like is emerging now. The importance of identifying these newly emerging fungus lies in the fact that these organisms are intrinsically resistant to polyenes, Hence, considering the same line of treatment for as will lead to therapeutic failure. The case report under mentioned highlights the importance of identifying Aspergillus to species level.
{"title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus terreus: An ICU case report","authors":"Anupam Das, P. Pandey, Harshit Yadav, K. Maurya, Vikram Singh, M. Sen, J. Agarwal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillosis can be a severe cause of mortality specially in immunocompromised patients. The range of infection due to . extends from cutaneous to invasive infections. Other than the commonly encountered , other species of Aspergillus like is emerging now. The importance of identifying these newly emerging fungus lies in the fact that these organisms are intrinsically resistant to polyenes, Hence, considering the same line of treatment for as will lead to therapeutic failure. The case report under mentioned highlights the importance of identifying Aspergillus to species level.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78868957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.010
C. Nithya, P. Suganthi, K. Shanmugam, J. Pandian
Dengue is the most common arboviral infection prevalent in India. Aedes aegypti mosquito is the principal vector followed by Aedes albopictus.It presents in three clinical stages. It is diagnosed by detection of NS1 antigen, IgM antibody by ELISA and viral RNA by reverse transcriptase PCR. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent the complications of Dengue. The study was done in a Government Thiruvannamalai Medical College & Hospital about the seroprevalence from the month July 2021 to December 2021 by detection of NS1 antigen. The seroprevalence was found to be 11.4%.The highest number of patients (38.2%) belong to the age group between 21-40 years. Highest number of positive (39.5%) cases reported in October month.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of dengue virus infection by detection of NS1 antigen","authors":"C. Nithya, P. Suganthi, K. Shanmugam, J. Pandian","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is the most common arboviral infection prevalent in India. Aedes aegypti mosquito is the principal vector followed by Aedes albopictus.It presents in three clinical stages. It is diagnosed by detection of NS1 antigen, IgM antibody by ELISA and viral RNA by reverse transcriptase PCR. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent the complications of Dengue. The study was done in a Government Thiruvannamalai Medical College & Hospital about the seroprevalence from the month July 2021 to December 2021 by detection of NS1 antigen. The seroprevalence was found to be 11.4%.The highest number of patients (38.2%) belong to the age group between 21-40 years. Highest number of positive (39.5%) cases reported in October month.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74525650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.009
Khalid Ibrahim Yahaya
Three hundred of clinical wound samples (Cuts, burn and chemical) were collected from Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano State. The isolation and identification of was done through culture on Nutrient agar and Mannitol salt agar, Gram staining, microscopic and standard biochemical tests such as (catalase, coagulase, oxidase and hemolysis test) were carried out. Cefoxitin disc diffusion test and molecular analysis was done for the detection of methicillin resistant strain of . A total of one hundred and one isolates were identified in the present study in which 13(12.90%) were MRSA positive and 88(87.10%) were negative MRSA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis reveals the presence of mec A gene under 310base pairs nucleotide sequence in the positive MRSA.
{"title":"Isolation and molecular identification of methicillin resistant (MRSA) from different type of wound (Cuts, burn and chemical","authors":"Khalid Ibrahim Yahaya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Three hundred of clinical wound samples (Cuts, burn and chemical) were collected from Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano State. The isolation and identification of was done through culture on Nutrient agar and Mannitol salt agar, Gram staining, microscopic and standard biochemical tests such as (catalase, coagulase, oxidase and hemolysis test) were carried out. Cefoxitin disc diffusion test and molecular analysis was done for the detection of methicillin resistant strain of . A total of one hundred and one isolates were identified in the present study in which 13(12.90%) were MRSA positive and 88(87.10%) were negative MRSA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis reveals the presence of mec A gene under 310base pairs nucleotide sequence in the positive MRSA.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"1989 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91428924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.005
Shilpa Chavda, D. Patel, D. Kinariwala, M. Vegad
Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito borne viral disease of mankind, with a 30 fold increase in global incidence over the last five decades. It is a major public health concern throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present study was conducted with objective to study epidemiological and demographic characteristics of dengue infection during the year 2019 in Kutch region, Gujarat, India.The study was carried out from January 2019 to December 2019 at Department of Microbiology, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, G.K. General Hospital, Bhuj. The patients having suspected dengue fever was based on standard criteria like presentation of febrile illness of 2-7 days duration were included in this study.A total of 1509 blood samples were collected during study period and serologically tested for dengue NS1 antigen and IgM antibody by capture ELISA testing method. Total 1509 blood samples were tested by ELISA for NS1 antigen and/or IgM antibody as per the protocols and personal, demographic and clinical details of each patient was recorded. Out of 1509 cases 761 tested positive for dengue. Amongst all positive cases 533(47%) were tested positive for NS1 antigen which helped in early diagnosis of dengue. Rise of dengue cases started after the month of October and falls down by the end of December. Analysis of this data revealed that age group 00-10 years had maximum dengue cases. Male cases 418(55%) were more than females 343(45%). Dengue cases were high in urban area.The present study reported that dengue mainly affected children, males and urban population. Perennial occurrence with seasonal increase during monsoon and post monsoon moths was reported. Effective implementation of vector control measures through efforts toward vector breeding source reduction and with the use of personal prophylactic measures against mosquito bites will help in reducing the dengue prevalence in the community.
{"title":"Epidemiological and demographic characteristics of dengue at a tertiary care center in Kutch region during the year 2019","authors":"Shilpa Chavda, D. Patel, D. Kinariwala, M. Vegad","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.005","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito borne viral disease of mankind, with a 30 fold increase in global incidence over the last five decades. It is a major public health concern throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present study was conducted with objective to study epidemiological and demographic characteristics of dengue infection during the year 2019 in Kutch region, Gujarat, India.The study was carried out from January 2019 to December 2019 at Department of Microbiology, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, G.K. General Hospital, Bhuj. The patients having suspected dengue fever was based on standard criteria like presentation of febrile illness of 2-7 days duration were included in this study.A total of 1509 blood samples were collected during study period and serologically tested for dengue NS1 antigen and IgM antibody by capture ELISA testing method. Total 1509 blood samples were tested by ELISA for NS1 antigen and/or IgM antibody as per the protocols and personal, demographic and clinical details of each patient was recorded. Out of 1509 cases 761 tested positive for dengue. Amongst all positive cases 533(47%) were tested positive for NS1 antigen which helped in early diagnosis of dengue. Rise of dengue cases started after the month of October and falls down by the end of December. Analysis of this data revealed that age group 00-10 years had maximum dengue cases. Male cases 418(55%) were more than females 343(45%). Dengue cases were high in urban area.The present study reported that dengue mainly affected children, males and urban population. Perennial occurrence with seasonal increase during monsoon and post monsoon moths was reported. Effective implementation of vector control measures through efforts toward vector breeding source reduction and with the use of personal prophylactic measures against mosquito bites will help in reducing the dengue prevalence in the community.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86481811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.004
Degati Vijaya Lakshmi, Battala Venkata Siva Prasad, D. R. Prasad
is a typical inhabitant of humans, especially on the skin, oral cavity, and respiratory tract. Fungi previously considered harmless colonizers (Opportunistic) are emerging as new fungal pathogens, particularly in an immune-compromised state. Infection caused by is rare, and the treatment procedures are quite difficult. Here we reported the information on patients with chronic diabetic conditions. The fungus was isolated from oral washings, the phenotypic identification was based on mycological methods, the molecular marker was based on 18S r RNA sequencing, and the susceptibility test was conducted by micro-dilution technique. The present study mainly focused on quantifying virulence factors, and their activity is expressed in the form of hemolysin protease (1.812 mg/ml). Fungal infections in these patients are often severe, rapid progressive, and challenging to identify, including diagnostic and therapeutic modalities required to provide better patient care.
是人类的典型居民，尤其在皮肤、口腔和呼吸道上。真菌以前被认为是无害的殖民者(机会主义的)正在作为新的真菌病原体出现，特别是在免疫受损的状态下。引起的感染是罕见的，治疗程序相当困难。在这里，我们报道了慢性糖尿病患者的信息。从口腔洗液中分离真菌，采用真菌学方法进行表型鉴定，采用18S r RNA测序进行分子标记，采用微稀释技术进行药敏试验。本研究主要对毒力因子进行定量研究，其活性以溶血素蛋白酶的形式表达(1.812 mg/ml)。这些患者的真菌感染通常很严重，进展迅速，难以识别，包括提供更好的患者护理所需的诊断和治疗方式。
{"title":"Dipodascus capitatus: A rare and emerging yeast like fungal infection in immuno-compromised subjects","authors":"Degati Vijaya Lakshmi, Battala Venkata Siva Prasad, D. R. Prasad","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"is a typical inhabitant of humans, especially on the skin, oral cavity, and respiratory tract. Fungi previously considered harmless colonizers (Opportunistic) are emerging as new fungal pathogens, particularly in an immune-compromised state. Infection caused by is rare, and the treatment procedures are quite difficult. Here we reported the information on patients with chronic diabetic conditions. The fungus was isolated from oral washings, the phenotypic identification was based on mycological methods, the molecular marker was based on 18S r RNA sequencing, and the susceptibility test was conducted by micro-dilution technique. The present study mainly focused on quantifying virulence factors, and their activity is expressed in the form of hemolysin protease (1.812 mg/ml). Fungal infections in these patients are often severe, rapid progressive, and challenging to identify, including diagnostic and therapeutic modalities required to provide better patient care.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81560717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ancient disease, Tuberculosis is one of the most challenging infectious disease contributing to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Tuberculosis elimination globally, by 2050, is a mammoth task as Mycobacterial infections have wide range of presentation, from the clinical to the subclinical or latent and pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The virulence as well as evading property of Mycobacterium tuberculosisMtb) from the host's immune system confers upon it the ability to remain latent in the host cells. This forms the basis of classification of tuberculosis patient as having latent-TBI or active TB. This review focuses on the role of miRNA as biomarkers of LTBI. The aim is to have an overview of the current knowledge about miRNA, its involvement in TB pathogenesis and its role as a reliable tool for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis.miRNA are non-encoding endogenous RNAs which regulate gene expression by directing their target RNA for degradation or translational repression. Degraded RNA are released in the extracellular milieu, are present in various body fluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine, and are biomarkers for a number of diseases including cancer, Parkinsons’ disease, CAD, liver diseases, TB and other infectious diseases. miRNAs are differentially expressed during active TB and LTBI, and therefore can be used as biomarkers of disease progression and response to anti-TB therapy. This will further permit more specific therapeutic interventions in TB management. A thorough search of available literature resources was performed on online databases such as Google Scholar, NCBI, Nature, Research gate, PubMed, Science Direct. It was found that miRNA are promising biomarkers to identify healthy latent TB individuals for further course of action and can be reliable tools for routine use in current clinical practice for specific therapeutic interventions to limit active TB population. They meet the criteria of ideal biomarkers, such as minimally invasive, accessibility, high specificity, and sensitivity.
{"title":"Micro-RNA: A potential screening marker for latent tuberculosis","authors":"Anuradha Sharma, Priyanshu Srivastava, Aditi Sharma, Madhu Sharma, Pushkar Vashisht, M. Sawhney","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"An ancient disease, Tuberculosis is one of the most challenging infectious disease contributing to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Tuberculosis elimination globally, by 2050, is a mammoth task as Mycobacterial infections have wide range of presentation, from the clinical to the subclinical or latent and pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The virulence as well as evading property of Mycobacterium tuberculosisMtb) from the host's immune system confers upon it the ability to remain latent in the host cells. This forms the basis of classification of tuberculosis patient as having latent-TBI or active TB. This review focuses on the role of miRNA as biomarkers of LTBI. The aim is to have an overview of the current knowledge about miRNA, its involvement in TB pathogenesis and its role as a reliable tool for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis.miRNA are non-encoding endogenous RNAs which regulate gene expression by directing their target RNA for degradation or translational repression. Degraded RNA are released in the extracellular milieu, are present in various body fluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine, and are biomarkers for a number of diseases including cancer, Parkinsons’ disease, CAD, liver diseases, TB and other infectious diseases. miRNAs are differentially expressed during active TB and LTBI, and therefore can be used as biomarkers of disease progression and response to anti-TB therapy. This will further permit more specific therapeutic interventions in TB management. A thorough search of available literature resources was performed on online databases such as Google Scholar, NCBI, Nature, Research gate, PubMed, Science Direct. It was found that miRNA are promising biomarkers to identify healthy latent TB individuals for further course of action and can be reliable tools for routine use in current clinical practice for specific therapeutic interventions to limit active TB population. They meet the criteria of ideal biomarkers, such as minimally invasive, accessibility, high specificity, and sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82477639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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