Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.048
T. Pathak, S. Bera, Devnil Pathak, P. Maity, Rajdeep Paul, Monika Ghosh
In evaluating diagnosis of CKD can detect in covid-19 positive patient by estimation of few bio-chemical markers like erythropoietin level, cystatin-C (CysC), BTP (beta trace protein.), IL- 6, IL-8 and TNF alpha. Those chemical parameters usually may be potential diagnostic aspect. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of biochemical markers of CKD in covid positive patients those are taking dialysis twice in a week and also to evaluate the risk factors among 50 ICU and non-ICU individuals at salboni super speciality hospital, WB over a period of 6 months (June 2020 to Nov 2020). Blood samples were collected by using venipuncture technique from ICU and non-ICU individuals then serum is separated from the whole blood sample. Then the serum samples were performing CLIA immunoassay technique for detecting those biomarkers. Erythropoietin level was decreased significantly across CKD in age group (40-49) and also age group (50-59) for female and for the male age group (30-39) is significantly decreased in EPO level. Whereas the rest age groups are significantly increased in EPO level. Beta trace protein of all the groups are significantly increased remaining age group (40-49) for male. Cystatin C level, IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha level is significantly increased of all the groups both male and female. This is in contrast to the bio-chemical markers of CKD in covid patient, many of which are new and unfamiliar to clinicians, relatively costly, and lack the demonstrated clinical benefit over current methods to fully justify their wide implementation.
{"title":"Evaluation of biochemical markers for detection of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in covid positive patient among hospitalize individuals","authors":"T. Pathak, S. Bera, Devnil Pathak, P. Maity, Rajdeep Paul, Monika Ghosh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.048","url":null,"abstract":"In evaluating diagnosis of CKD can detect in covid-19 positive patient by estimation of few bio-chemical markers like erythropoietin level, cystatin-C (CysC), BTP (beta trace protein.), IL- 6, IL-8 and TNF alpha. Those chemical parameters usually may be potential diagnostic aspect. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of biochemical markers of CKD in covid positive patients those are taking dialysis twice in a week and also to evaluate the risk factors among 50 ICU and non-ICU individuals at salboni super speciality hospital, WB over a period of 6 months (June 2020 to Nov 2020). Blood samples were collected by using venipuncture technique from ICU and non-ICU individuals then serum is separated from the whole blood sample. Then the serum samples were performing CLIA immunoassay technique for detecting those biomarkers. Erythropoietin level was decreased significantly across CKD in age group (40-49) and also age group (50-59) for female and for the male age group (30-39) is significantly decreased in EPO level. Whereas the rest age groups are significantly increased in EPO level. Beta trace protein of all the groups are significantly increased remaining age group (40-49) for male. Cystatin C level, IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha level is significantly increased of all the groups both male and female. This is in contrast to the bio-chemical markers of CKD in covid patient, many of which are new and unfamiliar to clinicians, relatively costly, and lack the demonstrated clinical benefit over current methods to fully justify their wide implementation.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88516068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.049
Dhiraj B. Shekhawat
Antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts and aqueous infusions of garlic, cinnamon and chitosan was investigated on food pathogens, , and . Natural antibacterial substances can be used to inhibit such pathogens and also to increase shelf life and safety of food products. All spices and herbs under study exhibited strong antibacterial activity against food related bacteria. Results suggested that among the spices investigated garlic had excellent antibacterial activity followed by cinnamon and chitosan. This indicates practical importance of these natural substances in increasing shelf life and decreasing the risk of contamination of food without any undesirable side effects which are commonly observed with the use of chemical preservatives.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of garlic, cinnamon and chitosan against food related pathogens","authors":"Dhiraj B. Shekhawat","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.049","url":null,"abstract":"Antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts and aqueous infusions of garlic, cinnamon and chitosan was investigated on food pathogens, , and . Natural antibacterial substances can be used to inhibit such pathogens and also to increase shelf life and safety of food products. All spices and herbs under study exhibited strong antibacterial activity against food related bacteria. Results suggested that among the spices investigated garlic had excellent antibacterial activity followed by cinnamon and chitosan. This indicates practical importance of these natural substances in increasing shelf life and decreasing the risk of contamination of food without any undesirable side effects which are commonly observed with the use of chemical preservatives.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77252569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.041
Pathan Multazim Muradkhan, Nawaz Umar, Natasha Vaidya, H. M. Pathan, S. Patel, Qamar Patel, Shahnawaz S Mulani
India has confirmed its first monkeypox death case on 1 August 2022. Knowledge about its symptoms and spread is of outmost importance. With an incubation period of 6-13 days monkey pox distinctive symptom is lymphadenopathy. Close contacts are at the highest risk of contracting the disease and Polymerase chain reaction is the preferred laboratory test. This review article briefs on the important aspects of monkeypox disease including the measures taken by national and international agencies to spread awareness and steps taken to confine the spread of the disease. The article elaborates the role of ICMR New Delhi India and NIV Pune India in taking necessary actions to curtail the exposure of cases and the efforts taken in the invention of invitro diagnostic kits and providing resources for vaccine development. This article attempts to describe the spread symptoms and measures taken by the competent authorities of The Government of India for immediate prevention, action and development of IVD kits and vaccination for monkeypox outbreak in the year 2022.
{"title":"Risorgimento of Monkey Pox in 2022: A literature review from South East Asia","authors":"Pathan Multazim Muradkhan, Nawaz Umar, Natasha Vaidya, H. M. Pathan, S. Patel, Qamar Patel, Shahnawaz S Mulani","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.041","url":null,"abstract":"India has confirmed its first monkeypox death case on 1 August 2022. Knowledge about its symptoms and spread is of outmost importance. With an incubation period of 6-13 days monkey pox distinctive symptom is lymphadenopathy. Close contacts are at the highest risk of contracting the disease and Polymerase chain reaction is the preferred laboratory test. This review article briefs on the important aspects of monkeypox disease including the measures taken by national and international agencies to spread awareness and steps taken to confine the spread of the disease. The article elaborates the role of ICMR New Delhi India and NIV Pune India in taking necessary actions to curtail the exposure of cases and the efforts taken in the invention of invitro diagnostic kits and providing resources for vaccine development. This article attempts to describe the spread symptoms and measures taken by the competent authorities of The Government of India for immediate prevention, action and development of IVD kits and vaccination for monkeypox outbreak in the year 2022.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79689842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.040
David Kajoba Mumena, G. Kwenda, C. Ngugi, A. Nyerere
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a threat to the control of tuberculosis globally, it develops mainly due to mutations in target genes of (MTB). Mutations in the rpoB gene confer resistance to rifampicin (RIF). The most frequent mutations conferring resistance to RIF include; Ser531Leu, Asp516Val, and His526Asp. Isoniazid resistance (INHr) occur most frequently due to mutations in the and its promoter. Most frequent mutation in is Ser315Thr 1, while in inhA include; Thr8Cys, Ala16Gly, and Cys15Thr. Mutations in , and genes confer resistance to ethambutol. 70% of mutations in the gene occur in codon 306, 406, or 497 and include; Met306Leu, Gly43Cys, and Ser412Pro. Mutations in the , and genes mediate resistance to pyrazinamide. Frequent mutations in A include; Tyr64Ser, Phe94Ala, and Trp68Gly. MTB resistance to streptomycin (STR) occur due to mutations in the , B, and L genes. Mutations (Ala80Pro), and L (Lys43Arg) confer resistance to STR. Fluoroquinolone resistance is mediated via mutations in the A and B genes. The most common mutations in the A gene include; Gly88Cys, Ala90Val, and Ser91Pro. While those in the gyrB gene include; Glu540Val, and Asn538Asp. Mutations in the rrs and promoter region cause resistance to the kanamycin and amikacin. While mutations in the and A cause resistance to capreomycin and viomycin. Common mutations in include; Cys1402Thr, Ala1401Gly, and Gly1484Thr. While mutations in the include; Cys12Thr, Gly10Ala, and Gly37Thr.Detection of drug-target genes and their mutations has therapeutic and diagnostic value.
{"title":"Drug-target genes and their spontaneous mutations associated with resistance to first-line, second-line, third-line, novel and repurposed anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant strains","authors":"David Kajoba Mumena, G. Kwenda, C. Ngugi, A. Nyerere","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.040","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a threat to the control of tuberculosis globally, it develops mainly due to mutations in target genes of (MTB). Mutations in the rpoB gene confer resistance to rifampicin (RIF). The most frequent mutations conferring resistance to RIF include; Ser531Leu, Asp516Val, and His526Asp. Isoniazid resistance (INHr) occur most frequently due to mutations in the and its promoter. Most frequent mutation in is Ser315Thr 1, while in inhA include; Thr8Cys, Ala16Gly, and Cys15Thr. Mutations in , and genes confer resistance to ethambutol. 70% of mutations in the gene occur in codon 306, 406, or 497 and include; Met306Leu, Gly43Cys, and Ser412Pro. Mutations in the , and genes mediate resistance to pyrazinamide. Frequent mutations in A include; Tyr64Ser, Phe94Ala, and Trp68Gly. MTB resistance to streptomycin (STR) occur due to mutations in the , B, and L genes. Mutations (Ala80Pro), and L (Lys43Arg) confer resistance to STR. Fluoroquinolone resistance is mediated via mutations in the A and B genes. The most common mutations in the A gene include; Gly88Cys, Ala90Val, and Ser91Pro. While those in the gyrB gene include; Glu540Val, and Asn538Asp. Mutations in the rrs and promoter region cause resistance to the kanamycin and amikacin. While mutations in the and A cause resistance to capreomycin and viomycin. Common mutations in include; Cys1402Thr, Ala1401Gly, and Gly1484Thr. While mutations in the include; Cys12Thr, Gly10Ala, and Gly37Thr.Detection of drug-target genes and their mutations has therapeutic and diagnostic value.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"10 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78409696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.053
U. K, G. R, Sadagopan Kumar
The incidence of opportunistic fungal infection, mucormycosis associated with high mortality rate is steadily increasing. Pulmonary mucormycosis though rare, it relatively affects individuals with diabetes mellitus and other immunosuppressive conditions. The present study reports on case of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus. Sputum sample was collected from a 47-year-old male with diagnosed with tuberculosis with spontaneous left sided pneumothorax and diabetes mellitus. The positive fungal culture was characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods and antifungal susceptibility of the isolate was tested against azoles and amphotericin B. The etiological agent was identified as R. microsporus based on phenotypic features and molecular sequencing of ITS. The isolate was susceptible to all the tested antifungal and the patient responded well to Amphotericin B with strict glycemic control and combination of anti-infective therapy. Though pulmonary mucormycosis is relatively rare; it share its clinical picture with pulmonary tuberculosis and aspergillosis, hence clinical suspicion for mucormycosis in susceptible high risk patients is warranted for early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
{"title":"Rhizopus microsporus pulmonary sepsis: Case report and review of literature","authors":"U. K, G. R, Sadagopan Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.053","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of opportunistic fungal infection, mucormycosis associated with high mortality rate is steadily increasing. Pulmonary mucormycosis though rare, it relatively affects individuals with diabetes mellitus and other immunosuppressive conditions. The present study reports on case of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus. Sputum sample was collected from a 47-year-old male with diagnosed with tuberculosis with spontaneous left sided pneumothorax and diabetes mellitus. The positive fungal culture was characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods and antifungal susceptibility of the isolate was tested against azoles and amphotericin B. The etiological agent was identified as R. microsporus based on phenotypic features and molecular sequencing of ITS. The isolate was susceptible to all the tested antifungal and the patient responded well to Amphotericin B with strict glycemic control and combination of anti-infective therapy. Though pulmonary mucormycosis is relatively rare; it share its clinical picture with pulmonary tuberculosis and aspergillosis, hence clinical suspicion for mucormycosis in susceptible high risk patients is warranted for early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90644341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.046
D. Nandi, S. Bera, Traun Kumar Pathak, A. Sarkar, Devnil Pathak, Mousumi Mitra, Purna Nandi, Sudeep Mitra, Bandita Sasmal, Kaberi Bhattacharya
Long exposure of broad spectrum antibiotic can severe causes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production within bacteria in UTI patient. Community-acquired infections due to ESBL producing and both are rising worldwide. To assess the prevalence and antibiotics resistance patterns of ESBL-producing and Klebsiella spp. from covid positive patient admitted in HDU with catheterized condition. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Salboni Super speciality Hospital (Covid Level-IV) at West Bengal, India from August 2020 to August2021and a total of 1116 urine samples were collected from catheterized patient admitted in male and female HDU due to exposure of covid. Samples were cultured on CLED agar and then Identification of the isolates was done by Gram's staining followed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpretation was done following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines foe detection of ESBL producing and . present study showed 51.6% (n-326) and 37.2% (n-235) Klebsiella spp. from 631 significant growths from both male and female patients. Out of this, total ESBL producing and spp. seen 55% (n-309) from both male and femle patient in different age group. Finally Isolated ESBL producing i 45.9 % (n-142) and ESBL producing Klebsiella spp. 54 % (n- 167) from both male and female HDU.Detection of ESBL producing and due to prolonged uses of broad spectrum antibiotic vigorously. The occurrence of multidrug resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracyclines is more common among ESBL producers. It may help to detect other organism in same condition, so that it will be importance in clinical aspect of future treatment for clinician.
{"title":"Detection of ESBL producing E.coli and Klebsiella spp in urinary tract infection due to long exposure of catheterize condition in Covid positive patient admitted in HDU","authors":"D. Nandi, S. Bera, Traun Kumar Pathak, A. Sarkar, Devnil Pathak, Mousumi Mitra, Purna Nandi, Sudeep Mitra, Bandita Sasmal, Kaberi Bhattacharya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.046","url":null,"abstract":"Long exposure of broad spectrum antibiotic can severe causes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production within bacteria in UTI patient. Community-acquired infections due to ESBL producing and both are rising worldwide. To assess the prevalence and antibiotics resistance patterns of ESBL-producing and Klebsiella spp. from covid positive patient admitted in HDU with catheterized condition. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Salboni Super speciality Hospital (Covid Level-IV) at West Bengal, India from August 2020 to August2021and a total of 1116 urine samples were collected from catheterized patient admitted in male and female HDU due to exposure of covid. Samples were cultured on CLED agar and then Identification of the isolates was done by Gram's staining followed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpretation was done following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines foe detection of ESBL producing and . present study showed 51.6% (n-326) and 37.2% (n-235) Klebsiella spp. from 631 significant growths from both male and female patients. Out of this, total ESBL producing and spp. seen 55% (n-309) from both male and femle patient in different age group. Finally Isolated ESBL producing i 45.9 % (n-142) and ESBL producing Klebsiella spp. 54 % (n- 167) from both male and female HDU.Detection of ESBL producing and due to prolonged uses of broad spectrum antibiotic vigorously. The occurrence of multidrug resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracyclines is more common among ESBL producers. It may help to detect other organism in same condition, so that it will be importance in clinical aspect of future treatment for clinician.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78078745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.039
Dheeraj Makkar
Monkeypox virus was named so because of its detection in monkeys in 1958. It belongs to the same family as smallpox and chickenpox viruses. There had been numerous outbreaks of this malady initially in the African continent and other parts of the world. The simultaneous spread in nineteen countries in 2022 has raised some serious concerns.Monkeypox is no more a rare disease and has the potential for bioweapon use. We discuss the various ways to prevent its spread, treatment options available, diagnosis, and differentiation from other closely related diseases. We also discuss if the present outbreak could be a bioattack or if this disease is here to stay.The literature suggests that we can effectively manage Monkeypox because of the availability of drugs and vaccination against smallpox. There is also a need for active surveillance against the new resistant recombinant viral strains. The possibility of this outbreak being a bioattack seems remote, although there are questions about the transmission which still need to be answered.
{"title":"The latest news for May 2022 all you need to know on monkeypox","authors":"Dheeraj Makkar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.039","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox virus was named so because of its detection in monkeys in 1958. It belongs to the same family as smallpox and chickenpox viruses. There had been numerous outbreaks of this malady initially in the African continent and other parts of the world. The simultaneous spread in nineteen countries in 2022 has raised some serious concerns.Monkeypox is no more a rare disease and has the potential for bioweapon use. We discuss the various ways to prevent its spread, treatment options available, diagnosis, and differentiation from other closely related diseases. We also discuss if the present outbreak could be a bioattack or if this disease is here to stay.The literature suggests that we can effectively manage Monkeypox because of the availability of drugs and vaccination against smallpox. There is also a need for active surveillance against the new resistant recombinant viral strains. The possibility of this outbreak being a bioattack seems remote, although there are questions about the transmission which still need to be answered.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75641879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.044
J. Nfongeh, Nafisat Tijjani Dalhat, Hulera Usman Kabido, N. S. Hadi, P. Akharenegbe
Contamination of food contact surfaces by increases the risk of food-borne diseases through cross-contamination which becomes more complicated with the development of multidrug resistance by the pathogen. This study was aimed at investigating multidrug resistance and carriage of carbapenemase genes among isolates from food contact surfaces in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. : A total of 924 swab samples (522 from Lafia and 402 from Nasarawa Eggon) were collected from various food contact surfaces in food vending outlets and screened for multidrug resistance and carbapenemase genes in isolates using standard culture, modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. Data obtained were statistically analyzed and p-value set at 0.05 confidence level. Highest overall contamination prevalence of 43.33 % was obtained from hawkers’ outlets while table top surfaces had 35.43% with highest risk (odd ratio) of 1.94. Eateries and Hotels had no contamination. The prevalence values were significantly different (p<0.05) among the food contact surfaces, vending outlets and the two communities. Isolates from street vendors obtained highest resistance to OFX, REF, STR, CEP, NAL, SEP, AMP antibiotics group with MDRI of 0.7. The bla, bla and bla carbapenemase genes were harbored by representative isolates. The presence of multidrug resistant with carbapenemase genes from food contact surfaces in vending outlets serves as a public health challenge and the need for personal hygiene and strict adherence to antibiotics protocols by food vendors is highly encouraged.
{"title":"Carriage of carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from contact surfaces in food vending outlets within Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Nfongeh, Nafisat Tijjani Dalhat, Hulera Usman Kabido, N. S. Hadi, P. Akharenegbe","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.044","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of food contact surfaces by increases the risk of food-borne diseases through cross-contamination which becomes more complicated with the development of multidrug resistance by the pathogen. This study was aimed at investigating multidrug resistance and carriage of carbapenemase genes among isolates from food contact surfaces in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. : A total of 924 swab samples (522 from Lafia and 402 from Nasarawa Eggon) were collected from various food contact surfaces in food vending outlets and screened for multidrug resistance and carbapenemase genes in isolates using standard culture, modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. Data obtained were statistically analyzed and p-value set at 0.05 confidence level. Highest overall contamination prevalence of 43.33 % was obtained from hawkers’ outlets while table top surfaces had 35.43% with highest risk (odd ratio) of 1.94. Eateries and Hotels had no contamination. The prevalence values were significantly different (p<0.05) among the food contact surfaces, vending outlets and the two communities. Isolates from street vendors obtained highest resistance to OFX, REF, STR, CEP, NAL, SEP, AMP antibiotics group with MDRI of 0.7. The bla, bla and bla carbapenemase genes were harbored by representative isolates. The presence of multidrug resistant with carbapenemase genes from food contact surfaces in vending outlets serves as a public health challenge and the need for personal hygiene and strict adherence to antibiotics protocols by food vendors is highly encouraged.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75081272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.052
Ashish Jitendranath, Kiran Subhash, Ramani Bai J T, Moby Sara Luke
Neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella species, though rare, can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Amongst the different species of Salmonella, most commonly presents as a case of gastroenteritis. We present a case of a newborn with sepsis, who was treated successfully and had recovered.
{"title":"Rare case of neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella Typhimurium: A case report","authors":"Ashish Jitendranath, Kiran Subhash, Ramani Bai J T, Moby Sara Luke","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.052","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal sepsis due to Salmonella species, though rare, can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Amongst the different species of Salmonella, most commonly presents as a case of gastroenteritis. We present a case of a newborn with sepsis, who was treated successfully and had recovered.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73583181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.038
S. Bhattacharyya
Fungi can cause a plethora of infections. They are often difficult to detect and identify. Various phenotypic and genotypic tests are there for fungal diagnosis. Here in this review article the author has tried to explain the extant culture and identification methods for various fungi of medical importance,
{"title":"Laboratory diagnostic methods for medically important fungi","authors":"S. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.038","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi can cause a plethora of infections. They are often difficult to detect and identify. Various phenotypic and genotypic tests are there for fungal diagnosis. Here in this review article the author has tried to explain the extant culture and identification methods for various fungi of medical importance,","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77613088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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