Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.011
Vidyavathi B. Chitharagi, Johanna N Sem, Raghavendra Rao Morubagal, S. Shivappa, R. S. Gowda, Rashmi P. Mahale, Tejashree A Urs
: To determine the fluconazole and Amphotericin B susceptibility pattern among isolates by disk diffusion, Vitek-2 method, and micro-broth dilution methods (MBD).Fungal infections are now becoming more prevalent than bacterial in causing opportunistic and nosocomial infections. are among the most common invasive fungi that are seen in most patients with predisposing co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Therefore; identification of the species and antifungal susceptibility testing is essential for proper patient management as various species respond differently to antifungals and for the prevention of emergence of drug resistance. isolated from different specimens were included in the study, speciation of the isolates was achieved by Vitek 2 automated machine and also with corn meal agar inoculation (CMA). The comparison of antifungal susceptibility testing was done by three different methods which included Vitek 2 systems, disk diffusion, and Micro-broth dilution methods. The antifungal susceptibility was tested for fluconazole and Amphotericin B. A total of 50 isolates were randomly selected and speciated. Species-wise distribution showed s to be the most common one accounting for 34 (69%) followed by 12(24%) and 4 (12%) of them were . The overall resistance among these isolates was as follows: by micro –broth dilution fluconazole resistance to was 6% and to Amphotericin B was 8%. By disc diffusion, fluconazole resistance was 10%, Amphotericin B was 14%. With the Vitek 2 system, fluconazole and Amphotericin B showed resistance of 10% and 6% respectively. Speciation and Antifungal susceptibility testing of solates are of great significance regardless of the specimen isolated from, which helps in the management and knowing the epidemiology of the susceptibility pattern of the . For this to become a reality a reliable, easy, and sensitive method of antifungal susceptibility needs to be used in every Microbiology laboratory as a routine practice.
:通过磁盘扩散法、Vitek-2法和微量肉汤稀释法（MBD）确定分离菌株对氟康唑和两性霉素B的药敏模式。真菌感染在导致机会性感染和医院内感染方面的发病率目前已超过细菌感染。因此，由于各种真菌对抗真菌药物的反应不同，鉴定真菌种类和进行抗真菌药敏试验对于正确管理病人和防止出现耐药性至关重要。研究中包括从不同标本中分离出的真菌，通过 Vitek 2 自动机和玉米粉琼脂接种法（CMA）对分离物进行种类鉴定。抗真菌药敏试验的比较采用了三种不同的方法，包括 Vitek 2 系统、磁盘扩散法和微滴稀释法。对氟康唑和两性霉素 B 进行了抗真菌药敏试验。菌种分布显示，最常见的菌种是""，占 34 个（69%），其次是""，占 12 个（24%），还有 4 个（12%）是""。这些分离物的总体耐药性如下：通过微量肉汤稀释法，对氟康唑的耐药性为 6%，对两性霉素 B 的耐药性为 8%。通过圆盘扩散法，氟康唑的耐药性为 10%，两性霉素 B 的耐药性为 14%。在 Vitek 2 系统中，氟康唑和两性霉素 B 的耐药性分别为 10%和 6%。无论从哪个标本中分离出溶菌体，溶菌体的分型和抗真菌药敏试验都具有重要意义，它有助于管理和了解溶菌体药敏模式的流行病学。 为了实现这一目标，每个微生物实验室都需要将可靠、简便、灵敏的抗真菌药敏试验方法作为常规方法使用。
{"title":"Recent trends in the Susceptibility pattern of Candida to Fluconazole and Amphotericin B at a tertiary care center in South India","authors":"Vidyavathi B. Chitharagi, Johanna N Sem, Raghavendra Rao Morubagal, S. Shivappa, R. S. Gowda, Rashmi P. Mahale, Tejashree A Urs","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":": To determine the fluconazole and Amphotericin B susceptibility pattern among isolates by disk diffusion, Vitek-2 method, and micro-broth dilution methods (MBD).Fungal infections are now becoming more prevalent than bacterial in causing opportunistic and nosocomial infections. are among the most common invasive fungi that are seen in most patients with predisposing co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Therefore; identification of the species and antifungal susceptibility testing is essential for proper patient management as various species respond differently to antifungals and for the prevention of emergence of drug resistance. isolated from different specimens were included in the study, speciation of the isolates was achieved by Vitek 2 automated machine and also with corn meal agar inoculation (CMA). The comparison of antifungal susceptibility testing was done by three different methods which included Vitek 2 systems, disk diffusion, and Micro-broth dilution methods. The antifungal susceptibility was tested for fluconazole and Amphotericin B. A total of 50 isolates were randomly selected and speciated. Species-wise distribution showed s to be the most common one accounting for 34 (69%) followed by 12(24%) and 4 (12%) of them were . The overall resistance among these isolates was as follows: by micro –broth dilution fluconazole resistance to was 6% and to Amphotericin B was 8%. By disc diffusion, fluconazole resistance was 10%, Amphotericin B was 14%. With the Vitek 2 system, fluconazole and Amphotericin B showed resistance of 10% and 6% respectively. Speciation and Antifungal susceptibility testing of solates are of great significance regardless of the specimen isolated from, which helps in the management and knowing the epidemiology of the susceptibility pattern of the . For this to become a reality a reliable, easy, and sensitive method of antifungal susceptibility needs to be used in every Microbiology laboratory as a routine practice.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"43 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.006
Sayani Bose, Feradica D Laloo, A. Acharya, Bishal Gupta, Alex George, B. Bandopadhyay
Dengue, an arthropod borne viral disease which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, can result in a range of clinical presentations from mild febrile illness like dengue fever (DF) to severe presentations like dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) which can turn fatal.While majority of primary dengue cases are asymptomatic/ mild symptomatic, secondary dengue infected cases usually have more complications and require critical care support.To find out proportion of Dengue IgG among NS1 reactive cases, study their clinical-demographic profiles and to find out the prevalent dengue serotypes.Blood collected from patients suffering from acute febrile illness less than 5 days and more than 5 days duration were tested for Dengue NS1and Dengue IgM respectively. Samples reactive for Dengue NS1 were further tested for dengue IgG by ELISA and dengue serotyping by RT-PCR. Results obtained were analysed and interpreted.Out of 2286 blood samples suspected for Dengue during the study period (March 2021 to February 2022), only 134 samples were NS1 reactive and amongst them, 21 (16%) had early detection of IgG antibodies while the rest 113(84%) cases were primary dengue infection. The predominant serotype was DENV-3.It is evident that patients who suffer from Secondary Dengue infections require more supervision and critical care support. This highlights the importance of Dengue IgG detection in the early phase of the disease in order to predict the complications of dengue which can save many more lives. Nevertheless, Primary dengue infections can also be severe, hence should be monitored closely under supervision. Molecular surveillance may help to predict large scale outbreaks of dengue if regional shifts in the predominantly circulating serotypes are detected during the early phase of the dengue season.
{"title":"A comparative study of clinical symptoms, demographic characteristics and laboratory parameters among primary and secondary dengue cases in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata","authors":"Sayani Bose, Feradica D Laloo, A. Acharya, Bishal Gupta, Alex George, B. Bandopadhyay","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.006","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue, an arthropod borne viral disease which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, can result in a range of clinical presentations from mild febrile illness like dengue fever (DF) to severe presentations like dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) which can turn fatal.While majority of primary dengue cases are asymptomatic/ mild symptomatic, secondary dengue infected cases usually have more complications and require critical care support.To find out proportion of Dengue IgG among NS1 reactive cases, study their clinical-demographic profiles and to find out the prevalent dengue serotypes.Blood collected from patients suffering from acute febrile illness less than 5 days and more than 5 days duration were tested for Dengue NS1and Dengue IgM respectively. Samples reactive for Dengue NS1 were further tested for dengue IgG by ELISA and dengue serotyping by RT-PCR. Results obtained were analysed and interpreted.Out of 2286 blood samples suspected for Dengue during the study period (March 2021 to February 2022), only 134 samples were NS1 reactive and amongst them, 21 (16%) had early detection of IgG antibodies while the rest 113(84%) cases were primary dengue infection. The predominant serotype was DENV-3.It is evident that patients who suffer from Secondary Dengue infections require more supervision and critical care support. This highlights the importance of Dengue IgG detection in the early phase of the disease in order to predict the complications of dengue which can save many more lives. Nevertheless, Primary dengue infections can also be severe, hence should be monitored closely under supervision. Molecular surveillance may help to predict large scale outbreaks of dengue if regional shifts in the predominantly circulating serotypes are detected during the early phase of the dengue season.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.015
A. Marathe, Himanshu Vasava, Vaidehi Mehta, Prashant Modi
(MRSP) is primarily a canine pathogen, rarely associated with human infections. Despite direct contact, the transmission of such canine pathogens to humans is difficult to explain. A pyogenic Liver abscess (PLA) is an important but relatively uncommon disease in children. We describe PLA in a previously healthy paediatric patient, without any history of dog exposure or other canine exposure, due to MRSP. The patient was treated successfully with Linezolid and discharged after becoming afebrile and pain-free. During two months follow up the patient remained normal.
{"title":"Case report: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius causing cryptogenic Liver abscess in a previously healthy pediatric patient","authors":"A. Marathe, Himanshu Vasava, Vaidehi Mehta, Prashant Modi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"(MRSP) is primarily a canine pathogen, rarely associated with human infections. Despite direct contact, the transmission of such canine pathogens to humans is difficult to explain. A pyogenic Liver abscess (PLA) is an important but relatively uncommon disease in children. We describe PLA in a previously healthy paediatric patient, without any history of dog exposure or other canine exposure, due to MRSP. The patient was treated successfully with Linezolid and discharged after becoming afebrile and pain-free. During two months follow up the patient remained normal.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"49 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140701192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melioidosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium . It is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, but under reported from India. This study was conducted to determine the geographical epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations associated with melioidosis. It is retrospective study of six culture proven cases of Melioidosis from a tertiary care hospital. The six cases of melioidosis were from same geographical location from western coast of Maharashtra. The age group ranged from 3 years to 55 years but more predominant group was within 30-to-50-years. All were males (100%), no female patient was affected. Majority of cases were presented to the hospital in rainy season, from June to September, coincides with season of heavy rainfall. Alcoholism (83.33%) and diabetes mellitus (66.66%) were major risk factors involved. Fever (100%) was most common presenting symptoms. The organ space abscess (50%) involving lymph node, liver and spleen were common followed by disseminated disease and pulmonary melioidosis. All patients were treated with ß-lactam antibiotics as intensive therapy followed by oral cotrimoxazole as eradication therapy. Melioidosis is an emerging infection in India specially in the coastal region with very heavy rainfalls. Male gender is prone to develop the infection with diabetes and alcoholism are additional risk factors. The clinical presentation may vary from localised organ space abscess to septic shock with high mortality. The accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment play key role in managing melioidosis.
{"title":"Melioidosis: A new emerging infection in West Coastal Maharashtra","authors":"Preetham Napa, S. Lokapure, Ajit Kulkarni, Ajay Keni, Amol Kulkarni, Sanjay Ram Deshpande, Kaustubh Machnurkar, Gopal Wasgaonkar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"Melioidosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium . It is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, but under reported from India. This study was conducted to determine the geographical epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations associated with melioidosis. It is retrospective study of six culture proven cases of Melioidosis from a tertiary care hospital. The six cases of melioidosis were from same geographical location from western coast of Maharashtra. The age group ranged from 3 years to 55 years but more predominant group was within 30-to-50-years. All were males (100%), no female patient was affected. Majority of cases were presented to the hospital in rainy season, from June to September, coincides with season of heavy rainfall. Alcoholism (83.33%) and diabetes mellitus (66.66%) were major risk factors involved. Fever (100%) was most common presenting symptoms. The organ space abscess (50%) involving lymph node, liver and spleen were common followed by disseminated disease and pulmonary melioidosis. All patients were treated with ß-lactam antibiotics as intensive therapy followed by oral cotrimoxazole as eradication therapy. Melioidosis is an emerging infection in India specially in the coastal region with very heavy rainfalls. Male gender is prone to develop the infection with diabetes and alcoholism are additional risk factors. The clinical presentation may vary from localised organ space abscess to septic shock with high mortality. The accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment play key role in managing melioidosis.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"54 s50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.003
Prachi Chaudhari, Maitreyi Ranjan
CRISPR-based technologies have revolutionized the field of molecular biology by providing an unprecedented level of accuracy and efficiency in genome editing. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a revolutionary gene-editing technology that allows precise modification of DNA in living organisms. It utilizes a guiding RNA molecule to target specific genes, enabling both gene knockout and insertion. CRISPR technology holds immense potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, and various scientific fields. This comprehensive review delves into the recent advancements made in CRISPR-based genome editing techniques, with a particular focus on their customized implementation for microorganisms. Starting with an examination of the history of CRISPR, the paper offers a detailed understanding of the major breakthroughs, complex challenges, and the wide range of potential applications associated with manipulating the genetic composition of bacteria, fungi, and other microbial entities.
基于 CRISPR 的技术为基因组编辑提供了前所未有的精确度和效率，从而彻底改变了分子生物学领域。CRISPR（Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats）是一种革命性的基因编辑技术，可对生物体内的 DNA 进行精确修改。它利用引导性 RNA 分子靶向特定基因，实现基因敲除和插入。CRISPR 技术在医学、农业和各种科学领域的应用潜力巨大。本综述深入探讨了基于 CRISPR 技术的基因组编辑技术的最新进展，尤其关注其在微生物中的定制实施。文章从研究 CRISPR 的历史入手，详细介绍了与操纵细菌、真菌和其他微生物实体的基因组成相关的重大突破、复杂挑战和广泛的潜在应用。
{"title":"Advances in CRISPR-based technologies for genome editing in microorganisms","authors":"Prachi Chaudhari, Maitreyi Ranjan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2024.003","url":null,"abstract":"CRISPR-based technologies have revolutionized the field of molecular biology by providing an unprecedented level of accuracy and efficiency in genome editing. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a revolutionary gene-editing technology that allows precise modification of DNA in living organisms. It utilizes a guiding RNA molecule to target specific genes, enabling both gene knockout and insertion. CRISPR technology holds immense potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, and various scientific fields. This comprehensive review delves into the recent advancements made in CRISPR-based genome editing techniques, with a particular focus on their customized implementation for microorganisms. Starting with an examination of the history of CRISPR, the paper offers a detailed understanding of the major breakthroughs, complex challenges, and the wide range of potential applications associated with manipulating the genetic composition of bacteria, fungi, and other microbial entities.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"288 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.045
Neelam Jain, K. Bhargava, Jagdish Prasad, Alexandru-Atila Morlocan, Gopal Nath, Amit Bhargava, Palak Khinvasara, Ragini Yadav, G. Aseri
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. A lot of clinical research has been done on UTI patients, but a questionnaire-based study on UTI is scarce. A cross-sectional study was conducted on outpatients with a high suspicion of uncomplicated UTI in Hayes Memorial Mission Hospital at Prayagraj (Eastern part of Northern India) to find out the frequency of symptoms and predisposing factors and their relationship towards the prediction of UTI. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between UTI and some of the variables. Also, the factors responsible for the occurrence of UTI are “gender”, “how many times you urinate from morning till night”, “a sudden desire to urinate, which is difficult to hold”, “weakness of urinary stream”, “splitting or spraying of the urinary stream” and “fever”. A statistical model (multiple logistic model) has been also established for the prediction of UTIs with an accuracy of 82.2%. It is also observed that the prevalence rate (odds ratio) of UTI in females is 2.38 times that of males. The study created a screening questionnaire for patients suspected of having UTI. A multiple logistic model has been established for the prediction of UTI which can be instrumental for clinicians from a public health perspective in the management of Urinary Tract Infections in this era of escalating AMR.
尿路感染（UTI）是全球最常见的传染病之一。针对尿路感染患者的临床研究很多，但基于问卷的尿路感染研究却很少。普拉亚格拉杰（印度北部的东部地区）的海斯纪念传教医院对高度怀疑无并发症UTI的门诊病人进行了一项横断面研究，以了解症状和易感因素的频率及其与预测UTI的关系。逻辑回归分析表明，UTI 与某些变量之间存在显著关联。此外，导致尿崩症发生的因素还包括 "性别"、"从早到晚排尿次数"、"突然想尿且难以忍住"、"尿流无力"、"尿流分裂或喷射 "和 "发烧"。此外，还建立了一个预测尿毒症的统计模型（多重逻辑模型），准确率为 82.2%。研究还发现，女性尿毒症患病率（几率比）是男性的 2.38 倍。该研究为疑似尿毒症患者制作了一份筛查问卷。在 AMR 不断升级的今天，该研究建立了一个预测 UTI 的多重逻辑模型，从公共卫生的角度来看，该模型有助于临床医生管理尿路感染。
{"title":"A multiple logistic model for prediction of urinary tract infections in an urban community: A public health perspective","authors":"Neelam Jain, K. Bhargava, Jagdish Prasad, Alexandru-Atila Morlocan, Gopal Nath, Amit Bhargava, Palak Khinvasara, Ragini Yadav, G. Aseri","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.045","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. A lot of clinical research has been done on UTI patients, but a questionnaire-based study on UTI is scarce. A cross-sectional study was conducted on outpatients with a high suspicion of uncomplicated UTI in Hayes Memorial Mission Hospital at Prayagraj (Eastern part of Northern India) to find out the frequency of symptoms and predisposing factors and their relationship towards the prediction of UTI. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between UTI and some of the variables. Also, the factors responsible for the occurrence of UTI are “gender”, “how many times you urinate from morning till night”, “a sudden desire to urinate, which is difficult to hold”, “weakness of urinary stream”, “splitting or spraying of the urinary stream” and “fever”. A statistical model (multiple logistic model) has been also established for the prediction of UTIs with an accuracy of 82.2%. It is also observed that the prevalence rate (odds ratio) of UTI in females is 2.38 times that of males. The study created a screening questionnaire for patients suspected of having UTI. A multiple logistic model has been established for the prediction of UTI which can be instrumental for clinicians from a public health perspective in the management of Urinary Tract Infections in this era of escalating AMR.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.043
Abdirasak Sharif Ali Mude, Yahye Ahmed Nageye, A. Irekeola
Antimicrobial resistance remains a major challenge in public health. Many reports of resistance to common antibiotics have been documented. The carbapenems are one of the last line antibiotics against many members of the . However, the actual prevalence of carbapenem-resistant in Somalia is unknown. Thus, this present investigation was done to ascertain the actual prevalence. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline in the conduct of this study. Searches were conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to find published articles providing information on the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant in Somalia. Data were extracted and analyzed using the OpenMeta analyst software. Study quality was evaluated using the JBI prevalence tool. The resistance rate of to carbapenems were estimated using the random-effect model. A pooled resistance rate of 4.3% (95% CI, 2.5–7.2) was obtained for imipenem, 2.8% (95% CI, 0.8–8.8) for meropenem, and 13.9% (95% CI, 3.1–44.7) for ertapenem. The heterogeneity test showed low heterogeneity, except for studies contributing to the estimated resistance to ertapenem which had a high heterogeneity (I=91.52%; Q=11.788; p<0.001). This first systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that carbapenem antibiotics can be relied on as last line antibiotics to treat infections in Somalia.
抗菌药耐药性仍然是公共卫生领域的一大挑战。许多关于常见抗生素耐药性的报告都有记载。碳青霉烯类抗生素是抵抗许多......细菌成员的最后一线抗生素之一。 然而，索马里对碳青霉烯类抗生素产生耐药性的实际流行情况尚不清楚。因此，本调查旨在确定实际流行率。在进行本研究时，我们遵循了系统综述和元分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。我们在 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、ScienceDirect 和 Google Scholar 等电子数据库中进行了搜索，以找到有关索马里耐碳青霉烯类药物流行情况的已发表文章。数据采用 OpenMeta 分析软件进行提取和分析。使用 JBI 流行率工具对研究质量进行评估。使用随机效应模型估算碳青霉烯类耐药率。亚胺培南的耐药率为 4.3%（95% CI，2.5-7.2），美罗培南的耐药率为 2.8%（95% CI，0.8-8.8），厄他培南的耐药率为 13.9%（95% CI，3.1-44.7）。异质性检验显示异质性较低，但对估计厄他培南耐药性有贡献的研究的异质性较高（I=91.52%；Q=11.788；P<0.001）。这项首次系统综述和荟萃分析表明，碳青霉烯类抗生素可作为治疗索马里感染的最后一线抗生素。
{"title":"Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in Somalia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Abdirasak Sharif Ali Mude, Yahye Ahmed Nageye, A. Irekeola","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.043","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance remains a major challenge in public health. Many reports of resistance to common antibiotics have been documented. The carbapenems are one of the last line antibiotics against many members of the . However, the actual prevalence of carbapenem-resistant in Somalia is unknown. Thus, this present investigation was done to ascertain the actual prevalence. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline in the conduct of this study. Searches were conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to find published articles providing information on the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant in Somalia. Data were extracted and analyzed using the OpenMeta analyst software. Study quality was evaluated using the JBI prevalence tool. The resistance rate of to carbapenems were estimated using the random-effect model. A pooled resistance rate of 4.3% (95% CI, 2.5–7.2) was obtained for imipenem, 2.8% (95% CI, 0.8–8.8) for meropenem, and 13.9% (95% CI, 3.1–44.7) for ertapenem. The heterogeneity test showed low heterogeneity, except for studies contributing to the estimated resistance to ertapenem which had a high heterogeneity (I=91.52%; Q=11.788; p<0.001). This first systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that carbapenem antibiotics can be relied on as last line antibiotics to treat infections in Somalia.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.053
Aishwarya Babu, Mahadevan Kumar, Abhijeet Mane, S. Bhatawadekar, Lata Yadav
are ubiquitous Gram-negative bacilli which are seen in brackish or fresh water and soil in subtropical or temperate countries. They were considered as pathogen of many animals including fish but recently they have been gaining importance due to its ability to infect and colonise in human body. Though the most common site of infection is gastrointestinal tract, it can cause extraintestinal infections like skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, biliary tract infections and bacteremia. Its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance naturally from the environment and due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics makes treatment of this unusual pathogen difficult. Many studies have shown high morbidity and mortality rates associated with . Therefore, though it was initially considered as a rare cause of bacteremia, should be considered as an important nosocomial pathogen.
{"title":"Aeromonas septicaemia - A case series","authors":"Aishwarya Babu, Mahadevan Kumar, Abhijeet Mane, S. Bhatawadekar, Lata Yadav","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.053","url":null,"abstract":"are ubiquitous Gram-negative bacilli which are seen in brackish or fresh water and soil in subtropical or temperate countries. They were considered as pathogen of many animals including fish but recently they have been gaining importance due to its ability to infect and colonise in human body. Though the most common site of infection is gastrointestinal tract, it can cause extraintestinal infections like skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, biliary tract infections and bacteremia. Its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance naturally from the environment and due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics makes treatment of this unusual pathogen difficult. Many studies have shown high morbidity and mortality rates associated with . Therefore, though it was initially considered as a rare cause of bacteremia, should be considered as an important nosocomial pathogen.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.046
Vasanthy Nagarajan, Sarah Andrea Wilson, Kaveri Krishansamy, Banumathi Radhika
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, which leads to failure of one or more mechanisms responsible for controlling thyroid-reactive T and B cells. The most frequently occurring clinical forms of autoimmune thyroiditis include Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Grave’s disease. Viruses have been implicated in the onset of autoimmune disorders. This study aims to investigate the association between and in autoimmune thyroiditis by assessing virologic and immunologic parameters of cases with clinical indication of AITD. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and Anti-thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies were evaluated using ELISA. The presence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) IgG antibodies and IgM antibodies were evaluated using ELISA. The presence of RNA was investigated by RT-PCR. A total of sixty study subjects were involved in this study. Sixteen male patients (26.66%) and forty-four female patients (68.33%) were positive for Anti-TPO antibodies. Four male patients (6.66%) and twenty-five female patients (41.66%) were positive for Anti-TG antibodies. Four male patients (6.66%) and twenty-two female patients (36.66%) were positive for both Anti-TPO and Anti-TG antibodies. One female patient tested positive for HCV IgG antibodies. Sixteen patients (26.66%) were positive for IgM by ELISA of which 3 patients (5%) were male and 13 patients (21.66%) were female. None of the samples were positive for RNA. We conclude that viral infection may be involved in triggering autoimmune mechanisms. Further studies with a larger population are necessary to establish an association between HCV, and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders.
{"title":"Antithyroid antibody profile and viral markers in autoimmune thyroiditis in Chennai population","authors":"Vasanthy Nagarajan, Sarah Andrea Wilson, Kaveri Krishansamy, Banumathi Radhika","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.046","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, which leads to failure of one or more mechanisms responsible for controlling thyroid-reactive T and B cells. The most frequently occurring clinical forms of autoimmune thyroiditis include Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Grave’s disease. Viruses have been implicated in the onset of autoimmune disorders. This study aims to investigate the association between and in autoimmune thyroiditis by assessing virologic and immunologic parameters of cases with clinical indication of AITD. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and Anti-thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies were evaluated using ELISA. The presence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) IgG antibodies and IgM antibodies were evaluated using ELISA. The presence of RNA was investigated by RT-PCR. A total of sixty study subjects were involved in this study. Sixteen male patients (26.66%) and forty-four female patients (68.33%) were positive for Anti-TPO antibodies. Four male patients (6.66%) and twenty-five female patients (41.66%) were positive for Anti-TG antibodies. Four male patients (6.66%) and twenty-two female patients (36.66%) were positive for both Anti-TPO and Anti-TG antibodies. One female patient tested positive for HCV IgG antibodies. Sixteen patients (26.66%) were positive for IgM by ELISA of which 3 patients (5%) were male and 13 patients (21.66%) were female. None of the samples were positive for RNA. We conclude that viral infection may be involved in triggering autoimmune mechanisms. Further studies with a larger population are necessary to establish an association between HCV, and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.052
Ia Khurtsilava, Natia Tsirdava, Darejan Kanjaradze, Tistsino Parulava
Zoonotic infections are rare in the pediatric population of Georgia. We report a case of co-existing infections with brucellosis, leptospirosis, and infectious mononucleosis in a pediatric patient. An 11-year-old girl presented to our facility with a 12-day history of fever, chills, fatigue, arthralgia, myalgia, and refusal to walk. On evaluation, she was febrile and tachycardic, with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. The patient responded well to combination therapy of doxycycline and gentamicin, had a full recovery and was doing well with no relapse for 2 months follow-up.
{"title":"Case report of pediatric triple infection: Brucellosis, leptospirosis, and infective mononucleosis in Georgia","authors":"Ia Khurtsilava, Natia Tsirdava, Darejan Kanjaradze, Tistsino Parulava","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.052","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic infections are rare in the pediatric population of Georgia. We report a case of co-existing infections with brucellosis, leptospirosis, and infectious mononucleosis in a pediatric patient. An 11-year-old girl presented to our facility with a 12-day history of fever, chills, fatigue, arthralgia, myalgia, and refusal to walk. On evaluation, she was febrile and tachycardic, with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. The patient responded well to combination therapy of doxycycline and gentamicin, had a full recovery and was doing well with no relapse for 2 months follow-up.","PeriodicalId":14553,"journal":{"name":"IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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