Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.136188.4327
S. Moradi, Keivan Shayesteh, Samaneh Lotfiman
This research aims to provide a model to investigate the impact of some parameters such as impeller speed, temperature, and solid concentration on mass transfer coefficient and the dissolution rate of urea fertilizer in the water. To study the effect of solid concentration two models are presented for finite and infinite volume fluids using mass balance. Then the urea-water mass transfer coefficient was calculated at various impeller speeds and temperatures by measuring the time to complete dissolution. To investigate the effect of impeller speed and turbulency on the mass transfer coefficient, the impeller speed and Reynolds number were set in a range of 10-50 [rpm] and 300-3000, respectively. The Schmidt number also was used to study the effect of temperature on mass transfer coefficient in the range of 5-25[°C]. The results show that in both finite and infinite fluid volumes, at a constant impeller speed with decreasing Schmidt number, and at a constant temperature with increasing Reynolds number, the mass transfer coefficient, and mass transfer rate increase. Furthermore, four models are presented for mass transfer coefficient in finite and infinite volume, that show the mass transfer coefficient and release rate in finite volume were lower than that of infinite volume at a constant impeller speed and temperature.
{"title":"The Modelling of the Urea Fertilizer Dissolution Process in Finite/Infinite Volumes of Water","authors":"S. Moradi, Keivan Shayesteh, Samaneh Lotfiman","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.136188.4327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.136188.4327","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to provide a model to investigate the impact of some parameters such as impeller speed, temperature, and solid concentration on mass transfer coefficient and the dissolution rate of urea fertilizer in the water. To study the effect of solid concentration two models are presented for finite and infinite volume fluids using mass balance. Then the urea-water mass transfer coefficient was calculated at various impeller speeds and temperatures by measuring the time to complete dissolution. To investigate the effect of impeller speed and turbulency on the mass transfer coefficient, the impeller speed and Reynolds number were set in a range of 10-50 [rpm] and 300-3000, respectively. The Schmidt number also was used to study the effect of temperature on mass transfer coefficient in the range of 5-25[°C]. The results show that in both finite and infinite fluid volumes, at a constant impeller speed with decreasing Schmidt number, and at a constant temperature with increasing Reynolds number, the mass transfer coefficient, and mass transfer rate increase. Furthermore, four models are presented for mass transfer coefficient in finite and infinite volume, that show the mass transfer coefficient and release rate in finite volume were lower than that of infinite volume at a constant impeller speed and temperature.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74609699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141650.4449
M. Bagherinia, Sahar Yousefnia
In this work, the results relating to the thermodynamic properties for the ternary electrolyte system of (NiCl2 + Triton X-100 + water) using the potentiometric method were reported at T = 298.15 K. The electromotive force measurements were carried out on the galvanic cell without liquid junction of the type: Ni2+-ISE | NiCl2 (m), Triton X-100 (%wt.), H2O (100-%wt.) | AgCl|Ag over total ionic strengths from 0.0010 to 6.0000 mol.kg-1 for different percentage mass fraction of Triton X-100 (%wt. = 0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0). The mean activity coefficients of NiCl2 were determined by using potentiometric data. Then, the mean activity coefficients of NiCl2 were correlated with Pitzer ion interaction model and TCPC model. The Pitzer ion-interaction parameters (βo, β1 and C^∅) and the adjustable parameters (b and S) of TCPC model were determined by correlating of data for the series under investigated system. The Pitzer ion interaction parameters were used to calculating of thermodynamic properties such as the osmotic coefficients and the excess Gibbs energy of solution. The result showed that the Pitzer ion interaction model could be used to investigation of the system, successfully.
{"title":"Measurement and modeling of mean activity coefficients in ternary electrolyte system (Nicl2/Triton X-100/H2O) at T=298.15 ± 0.1 K","authors":"M. Bagherinia, Sahar Yousefnia","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141650.4449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141650.4449","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the results relating to the thermodynamic properties for the ternary electrolyte system of (NiCl2 + Triton X-100 + water) using the potentiometric method were reported at T = 298.15 K. The electromotive force measurements were carried out on the galvanic cell without liquid junction of the type: Ni2+-ISE | NiCl2 (m), Triton X-100 (%wt.), H2O (100-%wt.) | AgCl|Ag over total ionic strengths from 0.0010 to 6.0000 mol.kg-1 for different percentage mass fraction of Triton X-100 (%wt. = 0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0). The mean activity coefficients of NiCl2 were determined by using potentiometric data. Then, the mean activity coefficients of NiCl2 were correlated with Pitzer ion interaction model and TCPC model. The Pitzer ion-interaction parameters (βo, β1 and C^∅) and the adjustable parameters (b and S) of TCPC model were determined by correlating of data for the series under investigated system. The Pitzer ion interaction parameters were used to calculating of thermodynamic properties such as the osmotic coefficients and the excess Gibbs energy of solution. The result showed that the Pitzer ion interaction model could be used to investigation of the system, successfully.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77732144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.140067.4434
A. Mushtaq, Rizwan Qamar, A. Ullah, Zaeem Uddin Ali, Syed Muhammad Tarique, Ayesha Muzaffar, Fatima Jahangir, Tahira Firdous, Aeliya Fatima
Waste thermal energy is enough amount of energy that is rejected to the atmosphere in the form of flue gases, streams of air, and liquid rejected from industries. It arises from the equipment, less efficient processes, and limitations due to the laws of thermodynamics on operations. It is obvious that it is not possible to regenerate all waste energy but most of the time some waste heat can be used to achieve useful purposes. Waste heat recovery is the most important key to carry out most of the research areas. The major areas of research and it is necessary to make the process more energy-efficient in chemical industries. To save energy Heat Exchanger Network’s synthesis (HEN) is essential. They are designed to reach energy targets. HEN design is the thermal integration between cold and hot utilities by pinch analysis at minimum temperature difference. HENs are important for utility saving because it helps in recovering heat from hot streams to others which reduces the utility consumption and requirement. The heat exchangers design with simplified models for different industries using pinch technology by which most thermal recovery is obtained and then some HEN network is required for a particular targeted area. In this research improvements in energy recovery systems and HENs, synthesis helps in capital savings and pollutant emission can also be reduced.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Thermal Waste Recovery Systems Deployed in Three Different Chemical Units","authors":"A. Mushtaq, Rizwan Qamar, A. Ullah, Zaeem Uddin Ali, Syed Muhammad Tarique, Ayesha Muzaffar, Fatima Jahangir, Tahira Firdous, Aeliya Fatima","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.140067.4434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.140067.4434","url":null,"abstract":"Waste thermal energy is enough amount of energy that is rejected to the atmosphere in the form of flue gases, streams of air, and liquid rejected from industries. It arises from the equipment, less efficient processes, and limitations due to the laws of thermodynamics on operations. It is obvious that it is not possible to regenerate all waste energy but most of the time some waste heat can be used to achieve useful purposes. Waste heat recovery is the most important key to carry out most of the research areas. The major areas of research and it is necessary to make the process more energy-efficient in chemical industries. To save energy Heat Exchanger Network’s synthesis (HEN) is essential. They are designed to reach energy targets. HEN design is the thermal integration between cold and hot utilities by pinch analysis at minimum temperature difference. HENs are important for utility saving because it helps in recovering heat from hot streams to others which reduces the utility consumption and requirement. The heat exchangers design with simplified models for different industries using pinch technology by which most thermal recovery is obtained and then some HEN network is required for a particular targeted area. In this research improvements in energy recovery systems and HENs, synthesis helps in capital savings and pollutant emission can also be reduced.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76064010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.123513.4047
A. D. Khalili, A. Ghaemi, M. Yousefi
Cu(II) is one of the pollutants that is exist in the produced wastewater by many industries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), its concentration should be less than 2 mg/L. In this study, Phosphorus slag (PS) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) as industrial wastes with the properties of abundant and low cost are used to remove Cu(II). The effects of shaker rotation rate, initial concentration of Cu(II), and amount of adsorbent on the adsorption process are investigated. The adsorption capacity was maximized at a shaking rate of 150 rpm, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, 0.2 g GGBFS per 0.03 liter, and 0.5 g PS per 0.03 liter. At various temperatures, the values of thermodynamic parameters were calculated by measuring the equilibrium data. The results showed that the adsorption process was exothermic using both GGBFS and PS adsorbents. The experimental data of Cu(II) adsorption by GGBFS and PS was fitted well by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity were obtained 156.30 and 151.52 mg/g for GGBFS and PS, respectively. Also, the kinetic modeling indicated that the adsorption process is achieved to the equilibrium state using both adsorbents at less than 5 min.
铜(II)是许多工业生产废水中存在的污染物之一。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的规定，其浓度应低于2毫克/升。本研究以磷渣(PS)和磨粒高炉渣(GGBFS)作为工业废渣，利用其丰富和低成本的特性去除Cu(II)。考察了摇床转速、Cu(II)初始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。振荡速率为150 rpm、初始浓度为50 mg/L、0.2 g GGBFS / 0.03 L、0.5 g PS / 0.03 L时吸附量最大。在不同温度下，通过测量平衡数据计算热力学参数的值。结果表明:GGBFS和PS两种吸附剂均为放热吸附。GGBFS和PS吸附Cu(II)的实验数据分别用Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型拟合得很好。GGBFS和PS的最大吸附量分别为156.30 mg/g和151.52 mg/g。动力学模拟表明，两种吸附剂在5 min内即可达到吸附平衡状态。
{"title":"Characterization of Phosphorus and GGBF slags as low-cost adsorbents for Cu(II) removal","authors":"A. D. Khalili, A. Ghaemi, M. Yousefi","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.123513.4047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.123513.4047","url":null,"abstract":"Cu(II) is one of the pollutants that is exist in the produced wastewater by many industries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), its concentration should be less than 2 mg/L. In this study, Phosphorus slag (PS) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) as industrial wastes with the properties of abundant and low cost are used to remove Cu(II). The effects of shaker rotation rate, initial concentration of Cu(II), and amount of adsorbent on the adsorption process are investigated. The adsorption capacity was maximized at a shaking rate of 150 rpm, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, 0.2 g GGBFS per 0.03 liter, and 0.5 g PS per 0.03 liter. At various temperatures, the values of thermodynamic parameters were calculated by measuring the equilibrium data. The results showed that the adsorption process was exothermic using both GGBFS and PS adsorbents. The experimental data of Cu(II) adsorption by GGBFS and PS was fitted well by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity were obtained 156.30 and 151.52 mg/g for GGBFS and PS, respectively. Also, the kinetic modeling indicated that the adsorption process is achieved to the equilibrium state using both adsorbents at less than 5 min.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81712704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.521586.4481
N. Salih, Majd Ahmed Jumaah, J. Salimon
Plant-based biolubricant is crucial to be developed and adopted for many industries. This is due to the presence toxicity risk, climate change, energy security as well green-environmental approach issues. The utilization of palm oil processing industries by-product, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD-based biolubricants is one way of green environment approach. A synthesis of polyol esters based on PFAD for biolubricants was carried out. The esterification of PFAD with high degree polyhydric alcohols trimethylolpropane (TMP), di-trimethylopropane (di-TMP), pentaerythritol (PE) and di-pentaerythritol (Di-PE) in the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) catalyst have been performed. The optimization of the esterification reaction process was evaluated using D-optimal design based on three reaction parameters; H2SO4 concentration (%) for the catalyst, esterification time (h) and esterification temperature (°C). The chemical structure of the synthesized polyol esters was characterized and confirmed by using FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopies. The results showed that PFAD-based polyesters of PFAD-TMP ester successfully produced in high yields of 93% compared to others. The synthesized PFAD-based polyesters showed good lubrication properties with high viscosity indices in the range of 141-187, pour points (-5 to 5 oC), flash points (230-360 oC), and oxidative stability temperature (188-301 °C), respectively. The ester functional group presence in their chemicals structure of PFAD-based polyesters showed positive impact on the lubrication properties. The study indicated that the PFAD-based polyesters are plausible to be used as industrial biolubricants application.
{"title":"D-Optimal Design Optimization for Esterification of Palm Fatty Acids Distillate with Polyhydric Alcohols for Biolubricants Production","authors":"N. Salih, Majd Ahmed Jumaah, J. Salimon","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.521586.4481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.521586.4481","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-based biolubricant is crucial to be developed and adopted for many industries. This is due to the presence toxicity risk, climate change, energy security as well green-environmental approach issues. The utilization of palm oil processing industries by-product, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD-based biolubricants is one way of green environment approach. A synthesis of polyol esters based on PFAD for biolubricants was carried out. The esterification of PFAD with high degree polyhydric alcohols trimethylolpropane (TMP), di-trimethylopropane (di-TMP), pentaerythritol (PE) and di-pentaerythritol (Di-PE) in the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) catalyst have been performed. The optimization of the esterification reaction process was evaluated using D-optimal design based on three reaction parameters; H2SO4 concentration (%) for the catalyst, esterification time (h) and esterification temperature (°C). The chemical structure of the synthesized polyol esters was characterized and confirmed by using FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopies. The results showed that PFAD-based polyesters of PFAD-TMP ester successfully produced in high yields of 93% compared to others. The synthesized PFAD-based polyesters showed good lubrication properties with high viscosity indices in the range of 141-187, pour points (-5 to 5 oC), flash points (230-360 oC), and oxidative stability temperature (188-301 °C), respectively. The ester functional group presence in their chemicals structure of PFAD-based polyesters showed positive impact on the lubrication properties. The study indicated that the PFAD-based polyesters are plausible to be used as industrial biolubricants application.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85260308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141676.4450
Fahime Gharekhania, M. Ardjmand, A. Vaziria
Large- pressure drop and drag along the pipe route is one of the problems with fluid transfer lines. For many years, various methods have been employed to reduce the drag in fluid transmission lines. One of the best ways for this purpose is reducing friction coefficients by utilizing drag lowering materials. Experimentally by adding minimal amounts of this material at the ppm scale to the lines and reducing the drag of the flow, fluid can be pumped without the need to change the size of the pipe. In this study, the effect of carboxymethylcellulose biopolymer on the water flow reduction in a 12.7- and 25.4-mm galvanized pipe was investigated. In order to have a comprehensive analysis of process conditions, experiments were carried out with three different levels of concentrations, flow rate and temperature. Also, as a new innovation in this investigation, the outputs of the experimental data were evaluated and analyzed using the Taguchi method and neural network system, and optimized through a genetic algorithm. In this study, the highest rate of drag reduction will be achieved at 39 ° C and at a concentration of 991.6 ppm and flow rate of 1441.1L/h was 59.83% at 12.7-mm diameter.
{"title":"Estimation of pressure drop of single-phase flow in horizontal long pipes using artificial neural network","authors":"Fahime Gharekhania, M. Ardjmand, A. Vaziria","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141676.4450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141676.4450","url":null,"abstract":"Large- pressure drop and drag along the pipe route is one of the problems with fluid transfer lines. For many years, various methods have been employed to reduce the drag in fluid transmission lines. One of the best ways for this purpose is reducing friction coefficients by utilizing drag lowering materials. Experimentally by adding minimal amounts of this material at the ppm scale to the lines and reducing the drag of the flow, fluid can be pumped without the need to change the size of the pipe. In this study, the effect of carboxymethylcellulose biopolymer on the water flow reduction in a 12.7- and 25.4-mm galvanized pipe was investigated. In order to have a comprehensive analysis of process conditions, experiments were carried out with three different levels of concentrations, flow rate and temperature. Also, as a new innovation in this investigation, the outputs of the experimental data were evaluated and analyzed using the Taguchi method and neural network system, and optimized through a genetic algorithm. In this study, the highest rate of drag reduction will be achieved at 39 ° C and at a concentration of 991.6 ppm and flow rate of 1441.1L/h was 59.83% at 12.7-mm diameter.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79491423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.135154.4292
M. Ranjbar, Shima Mirzaei, M. Moshafi, A. Bahadori
Abstract: Objective (s): Background: Nanotechnology is used as a tool to develop advanced therapies and control the fight against infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the physicochemical properties such as morphological analysis of the chitosan nanocomposite on oxide composite through a simple method and to investigate the anti-bacteria properties of them.Materials and Methods: The study method in in this study was experimental and the chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposite was chemically precipitated after preparation of the Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against pathogenic microbial strains was investigated. The nanocomposite was evaluated using SEM, FTIR techniques, XRD X-ray diffraction and DLS particle size distribution. The antimicrobial effect of this nanocomposite was evaluated on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite ZnO nanoparticles loaded in chitosan was investigated by MIC method on microorganisms (Candida albicans, Microscotus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus).Results: The results showed that the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles affected the antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanocomposite. In this study, the antimicrobial behaviour of the Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite zinc oxide was determined against pathogenic microbial strains of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniaagainst E .Coli was investigated and the results show that zinc oxide has an antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli and also the use of two types of dispersants (peg / pvp) on antimicrobial activity of zinc with MIC .(Minimum inhibitory concentration) approach. The ZnO nanoparticlesoxide has no effect and onlyin the Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite increases the stability of the suspensions. Conclusion: Based on the results, the synthesized compounds have an antimicrobial effect and the antimicrobial effect has increased with increasing polymer (chitosan) concentration. The antimicrobial effect has been seen on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
{"title":"Evaluation, Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/ZnO Nanocomposite and Antibacterial activity against pathogenic microbial strains","authors":"M. Ranjbar, Shima Mirzaei, M. Moshafi, A. Bahadori","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.135154.4292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.135154.4292","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objective (s): Background: Nanotechnology is used as a tool to develop advanced therapies and control the fight against infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the physicochemical properties such as morphological analysis of the chitosan nanocomposite on oxide composite through a simple method and to investigate the anti-bacteria properties of them.Materials and Methods: The study method in in this study was experimental and the chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposite was chemically precipitated after preparation of the Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against pathogenic microbial strains was investigated. The nanocomposite was evaluated using SEM, FTIR techniques, XRD X-ray diffraction and DLS particle size distribution. The antimicrobial effect of this nanocomposite was evaluated on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite ZnO nanoparticles loaded in chitosan was investigated by MIC method on microorganisms (Candida albicans, Microscotus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus).Results: The results showed that the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles affected the antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanocomposite. In this study, the antimicrobial behaviour of the Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite zinc oxide was determined against pathogenic microbial strains of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniaagainst E .Coli was investigated and the results show that zinc oxide has an antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli and also the use of two types of dispersants (peg / pvp) on antimicrobial activity of zinc with MIC .(Minimum inhibitory concentration) approach. The ZnO nanoparticlesoxide has no effect and onlyin the Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite increases the stability of the suspensions. Conclusion: Based on the results, the synthesized compounds have an antimicrobial effect and the antimicrobial effect has increased with increasing polymer (chitosan) concentration. The antimicrobial effect has been seen on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72953236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.135174.4293
S. Oustan, M. Khorshid, N. Najafi, Khataee Ali Reza
The time-dependent efficiency of zero-valent metals (ZVMs) including Al0 and Zn0 and their bimetals (Fe/Al and Fe/Zn, 0.1 g shell metal g-1 core metal) to reduce Cr(VI) in three contaminated soils (calcareous, non-calcareous near neutral and slightly acidic) was studied. The Cr(VI)-contaminated soils (100 and 500 mg kg-1) were amended with the reductants (0, 5 and 10 g kg-1) and the concentration of exchangeable Cr(VI) was determined after 0.5, 4, 24, 48 and 168 hours. It was found that the average reducing capacity of the bimetallic particles (11.4 mg Cr g-1) was much higher than the ZVMs (3.3 mg Cr g-1). The ZVMs showed a rapid passivation within only a few minutes, while the bimetallic particles preserved their reactivity even up to one hour. In addition, the efficiency of ZVMs in the slightly acid soil was much higher than two other soils. There was a good performance of Fe/Al in the calcareous soil with a higher hazard potential than two other soils. The Cr(VI) reduction capacity of the bimetallic particles in non-calcareous near neutral soil was two times more than in calcareous soil. The pseudo-first order Cr(VI) reduction rate constants for the bimetals (0.248 h-1) was on average higher than those of the ZVMs (0.074 h-1).
{"title":"Reductive remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soils in the presence of zero-valent metals and bimetals","authors":"S. Oustan, M. Khorshid, N. Najafi, Khataee Ali Reza","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.135174.4293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.135174.4293","url":null,"abstract":"The time-dependent efficiency of zero-valent metals (ZVMs) including Al0 and Zn0 and their bimetals (Fe/Al and Fe/Zn, 0.1 g shell metal g-1 core metal) to reduce Cr(VI) in three contaminated soils (calcareous, non-calcareous near neutral and slightly acidic) was studied. The Cr(VI)-contaminated soils (100 and 500 mg kg-1) were amended with the reductants (0, 5 and 10 g kg-1) and the concentration of exchangeable Cr(VI) was determined after 0.5, 4, 24, 48 and 168 hours. It was found that the average reducing capacity of the bimetallic particles (11.4 mg Cr g-1) was much higher than the ZVMs (3.3 mg Cr g-1). The ZVMs showed a rapid passivation within only a few minutes, while the bimetallic particles preserved their reactivity even up to one hour. In addition, the efficiency of ZVMs in the slightly acid soil was much higher than two other soils. There was a good performance of Fe/Al in the calcareous soil with a higher hazard potential than two other soils. The Cr(VI) reduction capacity of the bimetallic particles in non-calcareous near neutral soil was two times more than in calcareous soil. The pseudo-first order Cr(VI) reduction rate constants for the bimetals (0.248 h-1) was on average higher than those of the ZVMs (0.074 h-1).","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90904208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.130971.4231
K. R. Gujjula, V. N. Reddy
The goal of the study is to incorporate the electrokinetic models and estimate the remediation time for maximum removal of heavy metals (HMs) from polluted soils. Most of the conventional electrokinetic technologies have not considered the electrokinetic models in the removal of HMs from polluted soils. We addressed this problem and incorporated the electrokinetics and applied for experimental Electrokinetic Soil Remediation (EKSR) process particularly, to extract the numerical data between removal performance of HMs versus remediation time with help of the MATLAB program. In the experimental study, chelating chemical agents (citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) were used in EKSR process under constant voltage gradient (2V/cm) for the removal of Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) ions from granite dump soil. We experimentally investigated that the removal performance of HMs in chelating agents enhanced EKSR were about 6 to7 times more than when unenhanced in 20 days of treatment. Furthermore, we estimated the remediation time about 52 to 54 days for complete removal of HMs using electrokinetic models. The study may be useful for the researcher’s particularly, in the soil decontamination studies to overcome the uncertainty in the process optimization and scale-up the process to the pilot plant and field level.
{"title":"Numerical Implementation of Electrokinetics for Removal of Heavy Metals from Granite Waste","authors":"K. R. Gujjula, V. N. Reddy","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.130971.4231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.130971.4231","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the study is to incorporate the electrokinetic models and estimate the remediation time for maximum removal of heavy metals (HMs) from polluted soils. Most of the conventional electrokinetic technologies have not considered the electrokinetic models in the removal of HMs from polluted soils. We addressed this problem and incorporated the electrokinetics and applied for experimental Electrokinetic Soil Remediation (EKSR) process particularly, to extract the numerical data between removal performance of HMs versus remediation time with help of the MATLAB program. In the experimental study, chelating chemical agents (citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) were used in EKSR process under constant voltage gradient (2V/cm) for the removal of Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) ions from granite dump soil. We experimentally investigated that the removal performance of HMs in chelating agents enhanced EKSR were about 6 to7 times more than when unenhanced in 20 days of treatment. Furthermore, we estimated the remediation time about 52 to 54 days for complete removal of HMs using electrokinetic models. The study may be useful for the researcher’s particularly, in the soil decontamination studies to overcome the uncertainty in the process optimization and scale-up the process to the pilot plant and field level.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86664222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.128639.4169
N. Chaukura, N. Thusabantu, Wisdom A. Munzeiwa, Norman Mudavanhu, N. Mukaratirwa-Muchanyereyi
The provision of safe drinking water in low-income countries is problematic due to high levels of pollution and high cost of water treatment. While existing water treatment methods are efficient in removing most contaminants, they are expensive. Adsorption methods may be a cheaper and efficient alternative, given that feedstock for the fabrication of adsorbents are readily available, and they are easy to produce. The objective of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the performance of algae-derived adsorbents in removing Cu2+ form wastewater using batch experiments and fixed-bed columns. Algal biomass was pyrolyzed under limited oxygen to produce biochar (BC), which was separately activated using: (1) ferric chloride to form a Fe2O3-BC composite, and (2) KMnO4 and H2SO4 through a modified Hummer’s method to form HBC. Batch experimental data fitted well in both pseudo-first order (r2=0.965) and pseudo-second order (r2=0.946) kinetic models, and there was no significant difference (p=0.349). The Yoon-Nelson (r2=0.879) and Thomas (r2=0.891) models adequately described the experimental data, while the Adams-Bohart model had low fit (r2=0.673) in column studies. The results showed that the biosorbents were effective in removing Cu2+ from wastewater, with HBC having a higher affinity than Fe2O3-BC and BC. FTIR measurements after adsorption suggest that carbonyl groups played a key role in binding Cu2+ ions. Overall, valorizing algal biomass potentially helps towards solving the problem of algal blooms, while providing material for treating water. Further research should investigate the economic feasibility and up-scaling of the technology to field-scale.
{"title":"Engineered Algal Biochar for the Sequestration of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solution","authors":"N. Chaukura, N. Thusabantu, Wisdom A. Munzeiwa, Norman Mudavanhu, N. Mukaratirwa-Muchanyereyi","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.128639.4169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.128639.4169","url":null,"abstract":"The provision of safe drinking water in low-income countries is problematic due to high levels of pollution and high cost of water treatment. While existing water treatment methods are efficient in removing most contaminants, they are expensive. Adsorption methods may be a cheaper and efficient alternative, given that feedstock for the fabrication of adsorbents are readily available, and they are easy to produce. The objective of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the performance of algae-derived adsorbents in removing Cu2+ form wastewater using batch experiments and fixed-bed columns. Algal biomass was pyrolyzed under limited oxygen to produce biochar (BC), which was separately activated using: (1) ferric chloride to form a Fe2O3-BC composite, and (2) KMnO4 and H2SO4 through a modified Hummer’s method to form HBC. Batch experimental data fitted well in both pseudo-first order (r2=0.965) and pseudo-second order (r2=0.946) kinetic models, and there was no significant difference (p=0.349). The Yoon-Nelson (r2=0.879) and Thomas (r2=0.891) models adequately described the experimental data, while the Adams-Bohart model had low fit (r2=0.673) in column studies. The results showed that the biosorbents were effective in removing Cu2+ from wastewater, with HBC having a higher affinity than Fe2O3-BC and BC. FTIR measurements after adsorption suggest that carbonyl groups played a key role in binding Cu2+ ions. Overall, valorizing algal biomass potentially helps towards solving the problem of algal blooms, while providing material for treating water. Further research should investigate the economic feasibility and up-scaling of the technology to field-scale.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"82 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85367602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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