Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141834.4457
Zhenliang Li, Xuerui Liu, Shuye Li
An new electrochemical sensor was constructed with the nanometer coaxial cable, which was prepared based on Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and pyridine. the analysis of trace Pb(II) with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was studied. The MWCNTs–TPI–2–Ph was characterized by SEM, TEM and electrochemical method. Various parameters such as deposition time, pH values, deposition potential, interference experiment, stability and reproducibility were invesitgated. DPASV was used for evaluating the detection of trace Pb(II) based on the accumulation process. Under the optimal conditions, the MWCNTs–TPI–2–Ph/GCE showed excellent stripping response of Pb(II) in the ranges of 1 to 100 μmol L-1, the peak currents linearly increased with the concentration of Pb(II). The detection limit was calculated to be 0.03 μM (S/N=3). Detection mechanism toward Pb(II) based on MWCNTs–TPI–2–Ph/GCE was proposed. Therefore, it was important to design an electrochemical sensor based on new metal ions capture reagent.
{"title":"An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized With 2-Picolinyl Hydrazide for Electrochemical Detection of Pb(II) Ions","authors":"Zhenliang Li, Xuerui Liu, Shuye Li","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141834.4457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.141834.4457","url":null,"abstract":"An new electrochemical sensor was constructed with the nanometer coaxial cable, which was prepared based on Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and pyridine. the analysis of trace Pb(II) with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) was studied. The MWCNTs–TPI–2–Ph was characterized by SEM, TEM and electrochemical method. Various parameters such as deposition time, pH values, deposition potential, interference experiment, stability and reproducibility were invesitgated. DPASV was used for evaluating the detection of trace Pb(II) based on the accumulation process. Under the optimal conditions, the MWCNTs–TPI–2–Ph/GCE showed excellent stripping response of Pb(II) in the ranges of 1 to 100 μmol L-1, the peak currents linearly increased with the concentration of Pb(II). The detection limit was calculated to be 0.03 μM (S/N=3). Detection mechanism toward Pb(II) based on MWCNTs–TPI–2–Ph/GCE was proposed. Therefore, it was important to design an electrochemical sensor based on new metal ions capture reagent.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77960170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.525826.4596
J. Ratan, A. Saini
The use of nanosized-Titanium dioxide (n-TiO2) for the formulation of self-cleaning cement has the associated drawbacks of nano-toxicity, higher cost and agglomeration in the cementitious material. These drawbacks can be avoided by the replacement of n-TiO2 with microsized-TiO2 (m-TiO2). However, m-TiO2 is less photocatalytically active as compared to n-TiO2 . Therefore, in the present work, surface fluorination of m-TiO2 has been studied to enhance its photocatlytic activity for the formulation of self-cleaning white cement. The commercially available m-TiO2 (average size 40 μm) was surface fluorinated using aqueous solutions of different molar concentrations of NaF (sodium fluoride) such as 10, 50, and 100 mmol dm-3. The surface fluorinated m-TiO2 was analyzed using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to observe the improvement in the physiochemical properties and photocatalytic characteristics. Further, the surface fluorinated m-TiO2 along with calcined dolomite was utilized for the formulation of self-cleaning white cement. The hence prepared self-cleaning cement was cast into cement slabs, which were then characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The self-cleaning ability and photocatalytic activity of the as prepared cement slabs were evaluated through Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation test. It has been found that the use m-TiO2, which was surface fluorinated using 10 mmol dm-3 solution of NaF, remarkably enhanced the photocatalytic performance of the self-cleaning cement.
{"title":"Surface Fluorinated Microsized-TiO2 for Formulation of Self-Cleaning Cement","authors":"J. Ratan, A. Saini","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.525826.4596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.525826.4596","url":null,"abstract":"The use of nanosized-Titanium dioxide (n-TiO2) for the formulation of self-cleaning cement has the associated drawbacks of nano-toxicity, higher cost and agglomeration in the cementitious material. These drawbacks can be avoided by the replacement of n-TiO2 with microsized-TiO2 (m-TiO2). However, m-TiO2 is less photocatalytically active as compared to n-TiO2 . Therefore, in the present work, surface fluorination of m-TiO2 has been studied to enhance its photocatlytic activity for the formulation of self-cleaning white cement. The commercially available m-TiO2 (average size 40 μm) was surface fluorinated using aqueous solutions of different molar concentrations of NaF (sodium fluoride) such as 10, 50, and 100 mmol dm-3. The surface fluorinated m-TiO2 was analyzed using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to observe the improvement in the physiochemical properties and photocatalytic characteristics. Further, the surface fluorinated m-TiO2 along with calcined dolomite was utilized for the formulation of self-cleaning white cement. The hence prepared self-cleaning cement was cast into cement slabs, which were then characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The self-cleaning ability and photocatalytic activity of the as prepared cement slabs were evaluated through Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation test. It has been found that the use m-TiO2, which was surface fluorinated using 10 mmol dm-3 solution of NaF, remarkably enhanced the photocatalytic performance of the self-cleaning cement.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"43 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79964433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.524666.4563
Huang Luo, Rongji Yang, Zhao-Hui Chen, G. Zhong
A complex [Zn(Hpda)2]•2H2O of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pda) was synthesized by a green chemistry approach, namely, room-temperature solid state reaction. The complex was characterized by elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), single crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The PXRD result confirmed that the unpurified powder complex was single phase. The crystal structure of the complex belonged to monoclinic system with space group P21/c, and the Zn(II) ion was hexacoordinated by four O atoms and two N atoms. The thermal decomposition of the complex was investigated and the nano-ZnO particles were prepared by pyrolysis of the unpurified powder complex as the precursor. The ZnO particle obtained by pyrolysis at 500 °C was characterized by PXRD and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its average diameter was about 40 nm.
{"title":"Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxylate Complex and Preparation of Nano-ZnO by Thermal Decomposition","authors":"Huang Luo, Rongji Yang, Zhao-Hui Chen, G. Zhong","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.524666.4563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.524666.4563","url":null,"abstract":"A complex [Zn(Hpda)2]•2H2O of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pda) was synthesized by a green chemistry approach, namely, room-temperature solid state reaction. The complex was characterized by elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), single crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The PXRD result confirmed that the unpurified powder complex was single phase. The crystal structure of the complex belonged to monoclinic system with space group P21/c, and the Zn(II) ion was hexacoordinated by four O atoms and two N atoms. The thermal decomposition of the complex was investigated and the nano-ZnO particles were prepared by pyrolysis of the unpurified powder complex as the precursor. The ZnO particle obtained by pyrolysis at 500 °C was characterized by PXRD and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its average diameter was about 40 nm.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90325203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.138245.4391
L. Nateghi, Sharmineh Sharafi
Today, the demand for low-fat dairy products such as cheese has increased. Reducing fat in cheese reduces the sensory properties of cheese. The use of probiotic bacteria, fat alternatives and changes in production methods can improve the sensory properties of low-fat cheeses. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of three independent variables including pH (4.7, 4.9 and 5.1), glutamic acid (1, 2, 3 mgg-1) and salt (2, 2.5 and 3%) on the amount of non-protein nitrogen compounds to total nitrogen, survival and overall acceptance of low-fat probiotic cheese during for 30 days’ storage. According to the results, the amount of non-protein nitrogen compounds to total nitrogen is increased during the ripening period in all samples, but this increase in the sample containing 2 mgg-1 glutamic acid, 2% salt and at pH 4.7 is significantly higher than other tested samples. The results are shown that with increasing the amount of glutamic acid and decreasing the amount of salt, the sensory properties and survival of probiotic bacteria is significantly increased. Probiotic bacteria are survived in all tested samples up to 30 days, but this survival is significantly more than other samples in the treatment containing 3 mgg-1 glutamic acid, 2% salt and at pH 4.9. The highest general acceptance score is belonged to the treatment containing 3 mgg-1 glutamic acid, 2% salt and pH 4.9, which was selected as the best treatment in terms of sensory and nutritional characteristics.
{"title":"Studying the effect of pH, different concentrations of glutamic acid and salt on non-protein nitrogen compounds, survival and overall acceptance of low-fat probiotic cheese","authors":"L. Nateghi, Sharmineh Sharafi","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.138245.4391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.138245.4391","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the demand for low-fat dairy products such as cheese has increased. Reducing fat in cheese reduces the sensory properties of cheese. The use of probiotic bacteria, fat alternatives and changes in production methods can improve the sensory properties of low-fat cheeses. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of three independent variables including pH (4.7, 4.9 and 5.1), glutamic acid (1, 2, 3 mgg-1) and salt (2, 2.5 and 3%) on the amount of non-protein nitrogen compounds to total nitrogen, survival and overall acceptance of low-fat probiotic cheese during for 30 days’ storage. According to the results, the amount of non-protein nitrogen compounds to total nitrogen is increased during the ripening period in all samples, but this increase in the sample containing 2 mgg-1 glutamic acid, 2% salt and at pH 4.7 is significantly higher than other tested samples. The results are shown that with increasing the amount of glutamic acid and decreasing the amount of salt, the sensory properties and survival of probiotic bacteria is significantly increased. Probiotic bacteria are survived in all tested samples up to 30 days, but this survival is significantly more than other samples in the treatment containing 3 mgg-1 glutamic acid, 2% salt and at pH 4.9. The highest general acceptance score is belonged to the treatment containing 3 mgg-1 glutamic acid, 2% salt and pH 4.9, which was selected as the best treatment in terms of sensory and nutritional characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82276868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.139876.4430
A. Khatibi, Masoumeh Heydari, M. Zarrabi
ABSTRACTGlycation refers to the nonenzymatic glycosylation of the free amino groups of proteins and sugars. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final stage in glycation process. AGEs cause many complications in diabetic’s patients. Formetanate hydrochloride is a highly effective pesticide widely used in agriculture. Hence, all human beings, both healthy and diabetics affected patients, can be exposed to this toxin. Therefore, the purpose the present research is to study, the effect of Formetanate hydrochloride upon the glycated human hemoglobin (GHb). To form glycated hemoglobin, Hb was incubated with glucose for 35 days under physiological conditions (dark, 37Ċ and pH 7.4). The effect of the toxin on GHb was investigated via docking studies, flurometry, and UV-Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Incubating Hb with glucose could degrade the structure the protein. Samples contained GHb and formetanate hydrochloride showed remarkable changes in structure; Heme-group degradation and an increase in β-sheet structures was also observed. The results of docking studies were consistent with these results. As diabetes is rapidly expanding in today's world and formetanate hydrochloride is widely used in agriculture, the impact of this toxin on these patients will be very important. According to the results obtained, this toxin can have more destructive effect on the glycated Hb in these patients.
{"title":"The Effect of formetanate hydrochloride on the glycated human hemoglobin","authors":"A. Khatibi, Masoumeh Heydari, M. Zarrabi","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.139876.4430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.139876.4430","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTGlycation refers to the nonenzymatic glycosylation of the free amino groups of proteins and sugars. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final stage in glycation process. AGEs cause many complications in diabetic’s patients. Formetanate hydrochloride is a highly effective pesticide widely used in agriculture. Hence, all human beings, both healthy and diabetics affected patients, can be exposed to this toxin. Therefore, the purpose the present research is to study, the effect of Formetanate hydrochloride upon the glycated human hemoglobin (GHb). To form glycated hemoglobin, Hb was incubated with glucose for 35 days under physiological conditions (dark, 37Ċ and pH 7.4). The effect of the toxin on GHb was investigated via docking studies, flurometry, and UV-Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Incubating Hb with glucose could degrade the structure the protein. Samples contained GHb and formetanate hydrochloride showed remarkable changes in structure; Heme-group degradation and an increase in β-sheet structures was also observed. The results of docking studies were consistent with these results. As diabetes is rapidly expanding in today's world and formetanate hydrochloride is widely used in agriculture, the impact of this toxin on these patients will be very important. According to the results obtained, this toxin can have more destructive effect on the glycated Hb in these patients.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90239187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-11DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.523573.4543
S. Asadollahi, M. Sohrabi, Shirin Mofavvaz
In this study, the spectrophotometric technique along with chemometrics methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of sunset yellow (SY) and tartrazine (TZ) in mixtures and soft drink without any prior separation or purification. The first method is the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), in which various wavelet families were investigated. Eventually, the Gaussian wavelet family of second-order with a scaling factor of 5 for SY and the Daubechies wavelet families of the second-order with a scaling factor of 64 for TZ were selected. Both dyes showed good linearity, with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.996 and 0.9981 for SY and TZ, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.1794, 0.0003 𝜇gmL−1 and 0.6066, 0.0983 𝜇gmL−1 for SY and TZ, respectively. On the other hand, multivariate calibration methods, including partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) were studied. The PLS recovery range was obtained from 100.06% to 103.06% and 100.86 to 103.49 for SY and TZ, respectively. Also, the mean recovery (%) of the PCR method were 101.41 and 102.90 for SY and TZ, respectively. In addition, values of RMSE related to the PLS and PCR were achieved 0.2578, 0.3023 and 0.2635, 0.5602 for SY and TZ, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a reference method was applied for the soft drink, and the results were compared with the proposed methods using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no significant difference between them.
{"title":"Rapid simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of food dyes in soft drink using continuous wavelet transform and multivariate calibration methods","authors":"S. Asadollahi, M. Sohrabi, Shirin Mofavvaz","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.523573.4543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.523573.4543","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the spectrophotometric technique along with chemometrics methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of sunset yellow (SY) and tartrazine (TZ) in mixtures and soft drink without any prior separation or purification. The first method is the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), in which various wavelet families were investigated. Eventually, the Gaussian wavelet family of second-order with a scaling factor of 5 for SY and the Daubechies wavelet families of the second-order with a scaling factor of 64 for TZ were selected. Both dyes showed good linearity, with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.996 and 0.9981 for SY and TZ, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.1794, 0.0003 𝜇gmL−1 and 0.6066, 0.0983 𝜇gmL−1 for SY and TZ, respectively. On the other hand, multivariate calibration methods, including partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) were studied. The PLS recovery range was obtained from 100.06% to 103.06% and 100.86 to 103.49 for SY and TZ, respectively. Also, the mean recovery (%) of the PCR method were 101.41 and 102.90 for SY and TZ, respectively. In addition, values of RMSE related to the PLS and PCR were achieved 0.2578, 0.3023 and 0.2635, 0.5602 for SY and TZ, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a reference method was applied for the soft drink, and the results were compared with the proposed methods using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no significant difference between them.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88716298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-11DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.119645.3911
Amir Mosayebi
In the present study, Ni/ZrO2 catalyst was synthesized via co-precipitation approach and its catalytic activity was evaluated in combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CSCRM) reaction at a temperature range of 773 K–1273 K, CO2:H2O ratio of 0.5-3 and (CO2 + H2O)/CH4 ratio of 0.5-3. The results demonstrated that the higher (CO2+H2O)/CH4 ratio and temperature were required for CH4 conversion about 100%. The effect of CO2/H2O ratio was little on the CO and H2 yield. A (CO2+H2O)/CH4 ratio of 1.5 associated with CO2/H2O ratio of 0.5 at the minimum temperature of 1073 K were the required reaction conditions for the synthesis gas (syngas) formation with H2/CO ratio about 2. The temperature, type and amount of the oxidizing agent greatly affected on the amount of coke deposition. The least temperature of 1073 K and (CO2+H2O)/CH4 ratio higher than 1.5 irrespective of CO2:H2O ratio was obtained as a proper operation conditions to avoid coke formation. Moreover, CO2 revealed a higher portion than H2O in coke formation in CSCRM reaction.
{"title":"Investigating the influence of operating conditions on the combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane performance in the presence of Ni/ZrO2 catalyst","authors":"Amir Mosayebi","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.119645.3911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.119645.3911","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, Ni/ZrO2 catalyst was synthesized via co-precipitation approach and its catalytic activity was evaluated in combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CSCRM) reaction at a temperature range of 773 K–1273 K, CO2:H2O ratio of 0.5-3 and (CO2 + H2O)/CH4 ratio of 0.5-3. The results demonstrated that the higher (CO2+H2O)/CH4 ratio and temperature were required for CH4 conversion about 100%. The effect of CO2/H2O ratio was little on the CO and H2 yield. A (CO2+H2O)/CH4 ratio of 1.5 associated with CO2/H2O ratio of 0.5 at the minimum temperature of 1073 K were the required reaction conditions for the synthesis gas (syngas) formation with H2/CO ratio about 2. The temperature, type and amount of the oxidizing agent greatly affected on the amount of coke deposition. The least temperature of 1073 K and (CO2+H2O)/CH4 ratio higher than 1.5 irrespective of CO2:H2O ratio was obtained as a proper operation conditions to avoid coke formation. Moreover, CO2 revealed a higher portion than H2O in coke formation in CSCRM reaction.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82001201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-11DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.111326.3705
M. Asadollahzadeh, M. T. Mostaedi, M. Outokesh, B. Shakib
In the present work, multistage extraction column performance for reactive separation of molybdenum from the leach aqueous phase by using D2EHPA and TBP in kerosene was investigated by using axial diffusion model. Initially, the values of initial pH and extractant concentration were optimized on the batch experiments. The variation of volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients based on continuous phase at various operating conditions was obtained. By considering the chemical reaction conditions, the experimental data indicate that the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients increase with an enhancement in rotor speed and continuous and dispersed phase flow rates. According to the sensitivity analysis, the rotor speed and flow rate of dispersed phase have more influence on column performance. Also, the continuous flow rate has little effect on volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients. After the steady-state condition was established, the concentration profile for the extraction of molybdenum along the column was obtained. The experimental data were studied and compared with the previous models. A new model based on dimensionless numbers was derived from the evaluation of overall mass transfer coefficients with consideration of the reactive extraction system.
{"title":"Experimental Study and Correlation for Mass Transfer Coefficient in the Pilot Plant Multistage Column with the Presence of Molybdenum","authors":"M. Asadollahzadeh, M. T. Mostaedi, M. Outokesh, B. Shakib","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.111326.3705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.111326.3705","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, multistage extraction column performance for reactive separation of molybdenum from the leach aqueous phase by using D2EHPA and TBP in kerosene was investigated by using axial diffusion model. Initially, the values of initial pH and extractant concentration were optimized on the batch experiments. The variation of volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients based on continuous phase at various operating conditions was obtained. By considering the chemical reaction conditions, the experimental data indicate that the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients increase with an enhancement in rotor speed and continuous and dispersed phase flow rates. According to the sensitivity analysis, the rotor speed and flow rate of dispersed phase have more influence on column performance. Also, the continuous flow rate has little effect on volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients. After the steady-state condition was established, the concentration profile for the extraction of molybdenum along the column was obtained. The experimental data were studied and compared with the previous models. A new model based on dimensionless numbers was derived from the evaluation of overall mass transfer coefficients with consideration of the reactive extraction system.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74871285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-11DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.130950.4228
M. Meibodi
The correct information on RTD can help in system design and evaluation. The RTD corresponding to the velocity profile is known only for certain cases, where the velocity profile depends on one coordinate only. In this research, a general procedure for derivation of RTD corresponding to a known velocity profile is introduced. The RTD of laminar flows in different ducts as elliptic, equilateral triangular, moon-shaped and rectangular ducts are derived. Also, it is shown that the final RTD for laminar flow in any duct, can be estimated using relation E(θ) = K θmin/θn that is similar to laminar flow in the pipe, with their own dimensionless minimum time, , where is defined as the required time for traveling the duct with the maximum velocity in unit of the space-time. The values of K and n is calculated to meet the condition of . Besides, the values of for different cross-sections are studied. The results show that the RTD of elliptic ducts is precisely similar to the pipe flow. In the case of other shape ducts, the proposed model shows a suitable estimate of the numerical values. The previously published experimental data and precise analytical solutions agree with the proposed model with an acceptable consistency, except for very little time say θmin < θ < 0.7.
正确的RTD信息有助于系统的设计和评估。与速度剖面相对应的RTD仅在某些情况下是已知的，其中速度剖面仅依赖于一个坐标。本文介绍了已知速度剖面对应的RTD的一般推导方法。推导了层流在椭圆、等边三角形、月形和矩形等不同风道中的RTD。此外，还表明，任意风道内层流的最终RTD，都可以用关系式E(θ) = K θmin/θn来估计，该关系式与管道内层流相似，都有自己的无因次最小时间，其中定义为以最大速度在单位时空内通过风道所需的时间。计算K和n的值以满足条件。此外，还研究了不同截面下的值。结果表明，椭圆管道的RTD与管道流动完全相似。在其他形状的管道的情况下，提出的模型显示了一个合适的数值估计。先前发表的实验数据和精确的解析解与所提出的模型具有可接受的一致性，除了θmin < θ < 0.7等极少数时间。
{"title":"Evaluation of the residence time distribution (RTD) for flow in ducts with velocity profile of two independent variables","authors":"M. Meibodi","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.130950.4228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.130950.4228","url":null,"abstract":"The correct information on RTD can help in system design and evaluation. The RTD corresponding to the velocity profile is known only for certain cases, where the velocity profile depends on one coordinate only. In this research, a general procedure for derivation of RTD corresponding to a known velocity profile is introduced. The RTD of laminar flows in different ducts as elliptic, equilateral triangular, moon-shaped and rectangular ducts are derived. Also, it is shown that the final RTD for laminar flow in any duct, can be estimated using relation E(θ) = K θmin/θn that is similar to laminar flow in the pipe, with their own dimensionless minimum time, , where is defined as the required time for traveling the duct with the maximum velocity in unit of the space-time. The values of K and n is calculated to meet the condition of . Besides, the values of for different cross-sections are studied. The results show that the RTD of elliptic ducts is precisely similar to the pipe flow. In the case of other shape ducts, the proposed model shows a suitable estimate of the numerical values. The previously published experimental data and precise analytical solutions agree with the proposed model with an acceptable consistency, except for very little time say θmin < θ < 0.7.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90945630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.30492/IJCCE.2021.114540.3752
L. Popoola, Tajudeen Adejare Aderibigbe, Mayowa Adeoye Lala
This paper aimed at studying optimization of cocoa pod-Ficus exasperate (CP-FE) extract preparation as mild steel anticorrosive agent in hydrochloric acid solution using central composite design as optimization tool. Maximum inhibition efficiency of 95.42% was obtained at ethanol volume, extraction time, CP-FE mixing ratio and CP-FE mass of 500 ml, 48 hr, 5 and 100 g respectively. Coefficient of determination value of 0.9674 between experimental and predicted values suggested that the model developed was exact. Optimum predicted point for CP-FE extract preparation by CCD was 62.02 ml, 9.51 hr, 3.42 and 75.68 g for the ethanol volume, extraction time, CP-FE mixing ratio and CP-FE mass respectively. SEM images revealed acid attack on mild steel surface. Adsorption of CP-FE extracts on mild steel surface prevents acid attack. FTIR revealed presence of carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups. EDS revealed high iron composition on mild steel surface in the presence of CP-FE extracts. Loss of Fe2+ into free HCl solution was observed from the AAS result. Conclusively, mixed cocoa pod-Ficus exasperate extracts exhibited effective corrosion inhibitory attributes for mild steel in HCl solution.
{"title":"Mild steel corrosion inhibition in hydrochloric acid using cocoa pod husk-Ficus exasperata: extract preparation optimization and characterization","authors":"L. Popoola, Tajudeen Adejare Aderibigbe, Mayowa Adeoye Lala","doi":"10.30492/IJCCE.2021.114540.3752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30492/IJCCE.2021.114540.3752","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aimed at studying optimization of cocoa pod-Ficus exasperate (CP-FE) extract preparation as mild steel anticorrosive agent in hydrochloric acid solution using central composite design as optimization tool. Maximum inhibition efficiency of 95.42% was obtained at ethanol volume, extraction time, CP-FE mixing ratio and CP-FE mass of 500 ml, 48 hr, 5 and 100 g respectively. Coefficient of determination value of 0.9674 between experimental and predicted values suggested that the model developed was exact. Optimum predicted point for CP-FE extract preparation by CCD was 62.02 ml, 9.51 hr, 3.42 and 75.68 g for the ethanol volume, extraction time, CP-FE mixing ratio and CP-FE mass respectively. SEM images revealed acid attack on mild steel surface. Adsorption of CP-FE extracts on mild steel surface prevents acid attack. FTIR revealed presence of carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups. EDS revealed high iron composition on mild steel surface in the presence of CP-FE extracts. Loss of Fe2+ into free HCl solution was observed from the AAS result. Conclusively, mixed cocoa pod-Ficus exasperate extracts exhibited effective corrosion inhibitory attributes for mild steel in HCl solution.","PeriodicalId":14572,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73603544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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