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Efficient Autonomous Lumen Segmentation in Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Images: Unveiling the Potential of Polynomial-Regression Convolutional Neural Network 在血管内光学相干断层成像中有效的自主腔分割:揭示多项式-回归卷积神经网络的潜力
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100814
Yu Shi Lau , Li Kuo Tan , Kok Han Chee , Chow Khuen Chan , Yih Miin Liew

Objectives

Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is a crucial micro-resolution imaging modality used to assess the internal structure of blood vessels. Lumen segmentation in IVOCT images is vital for measuring the location and the extent of vessel blockages and for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. Obtaining such information in real-time is essential, necessitating the use of fast automated algorithms. In this paper, we proposed an innovative polynomial-regression convolutional neural network (CNN) for fast and automated IVOCT lumen segmentation.

Materials and methods

The polynomial-regression CNN architecture was uniquely crafted to enable single-pass extraction of lumen borders via IVOCT image regression, ensuring real-time processing efficiency without compromising accuracy. The architecture designed convolution for regression while omitting fully connected layers, leading to the spatial output of lumen representation as polynomial coefficients, thus enabling the formation of interconnected lumen points. The approach equipped the network to comprehend the intricate and continuous geometries and curvatures intrinsic to blood vessels in transverse and longitudinal dimensions. The network was trained on a dataset of 16,165 images and evaluated using 7,016 images.

Results

The predicted segmentations exhibited a distance error of less than 2 pixels (26.40 μm), Dice's coefficient of 0.982, Jaccard Index of 0.966, sensitivity of 0.980, specificity of 0.999, and a prediction time of 4 s (for a pullback containing 360 images). This technique demonstrated significantly improved performance in both accuracy and speed compared to published techniques.

Conclusion

The strong segmentation performance, fast speed, and robustness to image variations highlight the practical clinical utility of the proposed polynomial-regression network.

目的血管内光学相干断层扫描(IVOCT)是一种用于评估血管内部结构的关键微分辨率成像方式。IVOCT图像中的管腔分割对于测量血管阻塞的位置和程度以及指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗至关重要。实时获取这些信息是必不可少的,因此需要使用快速的自动算法。在本文中,我们提出了一种创新的多项式回归卷积神经网络(CNN),用于快速和自动的IVOCT腔体分割。材料和方法采用独特的多项式回归CNN架构,通过IVOCT图像回归实现单次提取流腔边界,确保实时处理效率而不影响精度。该架构设计了用于回归的卷积,同时省略了完全连接的层,导致流明表示作为多项式系数的空间输出,从而形成相互连接的流明点。该方法使网络能够理解血管在横向和纵向上固有的复杂和连续的几何形状和曲率。该网络在包含16,165张图像的数据集上进行训练,并使用7,016张图像进行评估。结果预测的分割距离误差小于2像素(26.40 μm), Dice系数为0.982,Jaccard指数为0.966,灵敏度为0.980,特异性为0.999,预测时间为4 s(对于包含360张图像的回拉)。与已发表的技术相比,该技术在准确性和速度方面都有了显著提高。结论所提出的多项式回归网络具有较强的分割性能、较快的速度和对图像变化的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
One-Dimensional Convolutional Multi-branch Fusion Network for EEG-Based Motor Imagery Classification 基于脑电图的运动图像分类的一维卷积多分支融合网络
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100812
Xiaoguang Liu , Mingjin Zhang , Shicheng Xiong , Xiaodong Wang , Tie Liang , Jun Li , Peng Xiong , Hongrui Wang , Xiuling Liu

The Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system based on motor imagery (MI) is a hot research topic nowadays, which can control external devices through the brain and has a wide range of applications in rehabilitation, gaming, and entertainment. Due to the non-smooth, non-linear, and low signal-to-noise ratio of the MI EEG signal, it is challenging to accurately decode the MI task intention. A new end-to-end deep learning method is proposed to decode raw MI EEG signals without preprocessing, such as filtering and feature reinforcement. The 1D convolution is used to learn the time-frequency features in MI signals, and a four-branch fusion network is used as the main body to add a 1D CNN-AE block and 1D SE-block to enhance the algorithm's performance. Experiments on two publicly available datasets demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods. It achieves 86.11% and 89.51% on the BCI Competition IV-2a and the BCI Competition IV-2b datasets, respectively, and a 6.9% improvement in the generalizability test. The proposed data enhancement method can effectively alleviate the overfitting of the algorithm and improve the decoding performance. Further analysis shows that 1D convolution can effectively extract the features associated with the MI task.

基于运动意象(MI)的脑机接口(BCI)系统是目前研究的热点,它可以通过大脑控制外部设备,在康复、游戏、娱乐等领域有着广泛的应用。由于脑电信号具有非光滑、非线性、低信噪比等特点,对脑电任务意图的准确解码具有一定的挑战性。提出了一种新的端到端深度学习方法来对原始脑电信号进行解码,而不需要进行滤波和特征强化等预处理。采用一维卷积学习MI信号的时频特征,采用四分支融合网络为主体,增加一维CNN-AE块和一维se块,增强算法性能。在两个公开可用的数据集上的实验表明,我们提出的算法优于当前最先进的方法。在BCI Competition IV-2a和BCI Competition IV-2b数据集上分别达到86.11%和89.51%,在泛化性测试中提高了6.9%。所提出的数据增强方法可以有效地缓解算法的过拟合,提高解码性能。进一步分析表明,一维卷积可以有效地提取与MI任务相关的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Estimating Fluid Intake Volume Using a Novel Vision-Based Approach 用一种新的基于视觉的方法估计液体摄入量
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100813
Rachel Cohen , Geoff Fernie , Atena Roshan Fekr

Introduction

Staying hydrated is an essential aspect of good health for people of all ages. Tracking fluid intake is important to ensure proper hydration and prompt users to drink as needed. Previous literature has attempted to measure the amount of fluid consumption, often using wearables or sensors embedded in containers.

Objective

In this paper, we introduce a novel vision-based method to estimate the amount of fluid consumed.

Methods

We trained different 3D Convolutional Neural Networks on data from 8 participants drinking from multiple containers and engaging in other activities in a simulated home environment.

Results

We show that it is possible to perform both drinking detection and volume intake estimation in a single algorithm with a Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) of 28.5% and a Mean Percent Error (MPE) of 2.6% with 10-Fold and a MAPE of 42.4% and MPE of 25.4% for Leave-One-Subject-Out cross validation.

Conclusion

This shows that using video inputs does have the potential to detect and estimate the amount of fluid consumed throughout the day.

对所有年龄段的人来说,保持水分是保持健康的一个重要方面。跟踪液体摄入量对于确保适当的水合作用和提示用户根据需要喝水是很重要的。以前的文献试图测量液体消耗量,通常使用可穿戴设备或嵌入容器中的传感器。目的介绍一种基于视觉的液体摄取量估算方法。方法对8名被试在模拟的家庭环境中从多个容器中饮水和从事其他活动的数据进行三维卷积神经网络训练。结果表明,在一个算法中可以同时进行饮酒检测和体积摄入估计,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)为28.5%,平均百分比误差(MPE)为2.6%,10-Fold, MAPE为42.4%,MPE为25.4%。这表明,使用视频输入确实有可能检测和估计全天消耗的液体量。
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引用次数: 0
A Wearable Monitoring Device for COVID-19 Biometric Symptoms Detection 一种新型冠状病毒生物特征症状检测可穿戴式监测设备
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100810
Claudino Costa , João M. Faria , Diana Guimarães , Demétrio Matos , António H.J. Moreira , Pedro Morais , João L. Vilaça , Vítor Carvalho

Background

Monitoring COVID-19 symptoms has become a critical task in controlling the spread of the virus and preventing hospitalizations. Aiming to contribute to efficient monitoring solutions, this article presents the development and testing of a wearable device capable of continuous monitoring biometric signals associated with the presence of COVID-19, such as the heart rate, the blood oxygen saturation, and the body temperature.

Methods

To ensure continuous monitoring the device is designed to be worn in the ear. Here, the temperature is measured through a non-contact infrared temperature sensor placed inside the ear canal while the heart rate and the pulse oximetry signals are monitored through a photoplethysmography reflective sensor positioned at the earlobe.

The proposed device's performance was evaluated by comparing it against a medical certified station. Usability and ergonomics were assessed through users' questionnaires. Additionally, experiments were performed to evaluate the hearing loss when the proposed device is in use. Data was acquired from 30 individuals of different sex, aged between 20 and 43 years old. In relation to usability and ergonomics the variation in ear dimensions was accessed and related to the device's comfort limitations.

Results

The temperature measurement produced a moderate correlation (R=0.42), despite a higher standard deviation was found in the proposed solution. This is due to the limited variability in temperature data, creating a short measuring range, as only healthy people were tested. The heart rate measurement also showed good correlation (R=0.96), with the proposed solution showing good repeatability with a standard deviation of 6.06 BPM, however, the SpO2 measurement was suboptimal (R=0.14).

The ergonomic evaluation revealed that most participants found the device shape comfortable, but some found the dimensions not adequate.

Additionally, the device was found to be user-friendly, with most participants reporting that they found it to be intuitive, and none reported a major loss in hearing in a normal conversation, however, there's a negligible loss of approximately 0.56 dB.

Conclusions

During this study, it was possible to develop and evaluate a wearable device that was suggested for monitoring biometric signals. The device demonstrated great reliability in temperature and heart rate measurement but showed limitations in the accuracy of pulse oximetry. The main contribution of this work is the evaluation of a continuous non-invasive monitoring concept for COVID-19 related biometric signals, which indicates good applicability in the case study.

监测COVID-19症状已成为控制病毒传播和预防住院治疗的关键任务。为了提供高效的监测解决方案,本文介绍了一种可穿戴设备的开发和测试,该设备能够连续监测与COVID-19存在相关的生物特征信号,如心率、血氧饱和度和体温。方法采用耳戴式装置,确保连续监测。在这里,温度是通过放置在耳道内的非接触式红外温度传感器测量的,而心率和脉搏血氧测量信号是通过放置在耳垂的光电容积脉搏波反射传感器监测的。通过与医疗认证站进行比较,评估了拟议设备的性能。通过用户问卷对可用性和人机工程学进行评估。此外,还进行了实验来评估所建议的设备在使用时的听力损失。数据来自30个不同性别的个体,年龄在20到43岁之间。在可用性和人体工程学方面,耳朵尺寸的变化与设备的舒适限制有关。结果温度测量产生中等相关性(R=0.42),尽管在提出的解决方案中发现较高的标准偏差。这是由于温度数据的变化有限,测量范围很短,因为只有健康的人被测试。心率测量也显示出良好的相关性(R=0.96),所提出的解决方案具有良好的重复性,标准偏差为6.06 BPM,但SpO2测量不理想(R=0.14)。人体工程学评估显示,大多数参与者认为设备形状舒适,但有些人认为尺寸不够。此外,该设备被发现是用户友好的,大多数参与者报告说他们发现它很直观,没有人报告说在正常对话中听力有重大损失,然而,大约0.56 dB的损失可以忽略。在这项研究中,有可能开发和评估一种可穿戴设备,该设备被建议用于监测生物特征信号。该装置在温度和心率测量方面表现出很高的可靠性,但在脉搏血氧测量的准确性方面存在局限性。本工作的主要贡献是对COVID-19相关生物特征信号的连续无创监测概念进行了评估,表明其在案例研究中具有良好的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation from Sinus-Rhythm Electrocardiograms Based on Deep Neural Networks: Analysis of Time Intervals and Longitudinal Study 基于深度神经网络的窦性心律心电图房颤预测:时间间隔分析和纵向研究
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100811
Pietro Melzi , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Ruben Tolosana , Ancor Sanz-Garcia , Alberto Cecconi , Guillermo J. Ortega , Luis Jesus Jimenez-Borreguero

Objective

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis helps to identify persons at risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and reduces the risk for severe complications. Our aim is to investigate the performance of AI-based methods predicting future AF from sinus rhythm (SR) ECGs, according to different characteristics of patients, time intervals for prediction, and longitudinal measures.

Methods

We designed a retrospective, prognostic study to predict AF occurrence in patients from 12-lead SR ECGs. We classified patients in two groups, according to their ECGs: 3,761 developed AF and 22,896 presented only SR ECGs. We assessed the impact of age on the overall performance of deep neural network (DNN)-based systems, which consist in a variation of Residual Networks for time series. Then, we analysed how much in advance our system can predict AF from SR ECGs and the performance for different categories of patients with AUC and other metrics.

Results

After balancing the age distribution between the two groups of patients, our model achieves AUC of 0.79 (0.72-0.86) without additional constraints, 0.83 (0.76-0.89) for ECGs recorded in the last six months before AF, and 0.87 (0.81-0.93) for patients with stable AF risk measures over time, with sensitivity of 90.62% (80.70-96.48) and diagnostic odd ratio of 20.49 (8.56-49.09).

Conclusion

This study shows the ability of DNNs to predict new onsets of AF from SR ECGs, with the best performance achieved for patients with stable AF risk score over time. The introduction of this time-based score opens new possibilities for AF prediction, thanks to the analysis of long-span time intervals and score stability.

目的:人工智能(AI)在心电图(ECG)分析中有助于识别有发生心房颤动(AF)风险的人,并降低严重并发症的风险。我们的目的是根据不同的患者特征、预测时间间隔和纵向测量,研究基于人工智能的方法从窦性心律(SR)心电图预测未来房颤的性能。方法我们设计了一项回顾性预后研究,通过12导联SR心电图预测患者房颤的发生。我们根据心电图将患者分为两组:3761例发生房颤,22896例仅出现SR心电图。我们评估了年龄对基于深度神经网络(DNN)的系统的整体性能的影响,该系统由时间序列的残差网络的变化组成。然后,我们分析了我们的系统可以提前多少时间从SR心电图预测房颤,以及不同类别AUC患者的表现和其他指标。结果在平衡两组患者的年龄分布后,我们的模型在没有额外约束的情况下获得了0.79(0.72-0.86)的AUC,对于房颤前6个月记录的心电图为0.83(0.76-0.89),对于长期稳定房颤风险测量的患者为0.87(0.81-0.93),敏感性为90.62%(80.70-96.48),诊断奇比为20.49(8.56-49.09)。结论:本研究显示dnn能够通过SR心电图预测AF的新发发病,对于长期稳定的AF风险评分患者表现最佳。由于对长时间间隔和评分稳定性的分析,这种基于时间的评分的引入为AF预测开辟了新的可能性。
{"title":"Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation from Sinus-Rhythm Electrocardiograms Based on Deep Neural Networks: Analysis of Time Intervals and Longitudinal Study","authors":"Pietro Melzi ,&nbsp;Ruben Vera-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Ruben Tolosana ,&nbsp;Ancor Sanz-Garcia ,&nbsp;Alberto Cecconi ,&nbsp;Guillermo J. Ortega ,&nbsp;Luis Jesus Jimenez-Borreguero","doi":"10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) in electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis helps to identify persons at risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and reduces the risk for severe complications. Our aim is to investigate the performance of AI-based methods predicting future AF from sinus rhythm (SR) ECGs, according to different characteristics of patients, time intervals for prediction, and longitudinal measures.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We designed a retrospective, prognostic study to predict AF occurrence in patients from 12-lead SR ECGs. We classified patients in two groups, according to their ECGs: 3,761 developed AF and 22,896 presented only SR ECGs. We assessed the impact of age on the overall performance of deep neural network (DNN)-based systems, which consist in a variation of Residual Networks for time series. Then, we analysed how much in advance our system can predict AF from SR ECGs and the performance for different categories of patients with AUC and other metrics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After balancing the age distribution between the two groups of patients, our model achieves AUC of 0.79 (0.72-0.86) without additional constraints, 0.83 (0.76-0.89) for ECGs recorded in the last six months before AF, and 0.87 (0.81-0.93) for patients with stable AF risk measures over time, with sensitivity of 90.62% (80.70-96.48) and diagnostic odd ratio of 20.49 (8.56-49.09).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study shows the ability of DNNs to predict new onsets of AF from SR ECGs, with the best performance achieved for patients with stable AF risk score over time. The introduction of this time-based score opens new possibilities for AF prediction, thanks to the analysis of long-span time intervals and score stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14605,"journal":{"name":"Irbm","volume":"44 6","pages":"Article 100811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S195903182300060X/pdfft?md5=029d208308cda42d40c652bd0a384bbe&pid=1-s2.0-S195903182300060X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92017994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Normative Data of the External Work of Individual Limbs and of the Distribution of Joint Work During Stair Crossing 过楼梯时个体肢体外功及关节功分布的规范数据
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100806
Helene Pillet , Boris Dauriac , Coralie Villa , Isabelle Loiret , François Lavaste , Xavier Bonnet

Background

Stair walking requires to elevate or lower the body center of mass and results in increased muscle contractions and consumed energy compared to level walking. Mechanical work produced by the body can be quantified through Individual Limb Method and the summed lower limb joint work but there does not exist normative data of these works in stair ascent and descent compared to slope ascent and descent of the same individuals.

Methods

Upstair and downstair walking were investigated at 0%, 5% and 12% inclinations and compared to upslope and downslope walking for thirteen able-bodied volunteers. Lower limb joint and individual limb powers and works were compared across walking conditions.

Findings

Work production and absorption required to elevate or lower the center of mass directly depend on the inclination to be crossed (about 0.35 J/kg for 5% slope, 0.9 J/kg for 12% slope and 1.6 J/kg for stair). However, the distribution among joints and between gait phases is different when considering stair versus slope walking. In particular, the role of the knee is exacerbated for work production in stair ascent (45% of total work) as well as for work absorption in stair descent (61% of total work). Also, more work production/absorption is performed during the swing phase for stair walking then for slope walking.

Interpretation

This study provides reference data of the Individual Limb mechanical work performed during stair walking and show that this method can substitute to summed lower limb joint one during the stance phase of stair walking.

背景:与水平行走相比,走楼梯需要提高或降低身体重心,导致肌肉收缩增加,消耗能量。身体所产生的机械功可以通过个体肢体法和下肢关节功的总和来量化,但这些功在爬楼梯和下楼梯时与同一个体在斜坡上和下楼梯时相比没有规范的数据。方法对13名健全志愿者在0%、5%和12%倾斜度下进行上、下楼梯步行,并与上、下坡步行进行比较。在不同的步行条件下,比较下肢关节和单个肢体的功率和功。提高或降低质心所需的功的产生和吸收直接取决于要越过的倾斜度(坡度为5%约为0.35 J/kg,坡度为12%约为0.9 J/kg,楼梯约为1.6 J/kg)。然而,当考虑楼梯和斜坡行走时,关节之间和步态阶段之间的分布是不同的。特别是,膝盖的作用在上楼梯时的工作产生(占总工作的45%)和下楼梯时的工作吸收(占总工作的61%)中被加剧。此外,在楼梯行走的摇摆阶段比斜坡行走的摇摆阶段进行更多的工作生产/吸收。本研究提供了楼梯行走过程中个体肢体机械功的参考数据,表明该方法可以代替楼梯行走站立阶段下肢关节功的总和。
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引用次数: 0
Complete 3D Kinematics Parameters of the Temporo-Mandibular Joints Using in Vivo Data Fusion 使用体内数据融合完成颞下颌关节的三维运动学参数
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100804
Gaël Bescond , Michèle Gales , Régine Glineur , Viktor Sholukha , Stéphane Louryan , Serge Van Sint Jan
<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span><span>The temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) has implications in vital functions and its disorder prevalence is between 5% and 12%. The </span>mandible motions rely on two joints where mandibular condyles are generally asymmetric and highly individual. They rotate during jaw opening and closing and translate vertically and anteroposteriorly. Quantitative motion analysis tools are of interest to better understand normal and abnormal </span>TMJ behavior. Previous studies have reported the asymmetrical behavior of the mandible compared to the skull as well as the synchronism of rotation and translation during its motions. But none of them has developed an experimental protocol using in vivo motion data fused with a tridimensional (3D) model. Therefore, we aim to provide the detailed kinematic parameters of the mandible compared to the skull, of the 2 condyles compared to their sockets and the instantaneous helicoidal axis (IHA) calculation through a clearly described new technology: in vivo data motion fused with virtual palpation on 3D models. We also compare the accuracy and the consistency of our results with the existing literature.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Five healthy subjects fitted with a tailor-made dental and head clusters performed mouth opening/closing, diduction and chewing motions. 15 anatomical landmarks (ALs) were palpated on their skull and their mandible. The trajectory of the markers and ALs was recorded by opto-electronic cameras. 3D models created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the 5 subjects were processed through a segmentation procedure and imported into a musculo-skeletal data processing software. Virtual palpation was used to locate specific ALs and to build coordinate systems following the ISB recommendations. The ALs coordinates, the motion files and the morphological model were fused. Motion cycles were normalized from 1 to 100% of rotations and translations duration in coordinate systems, instantaneous helical axis (IHA) parameters were computed for the 3 motions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Median RMSE between manually and virtually palpated ALs was 8,0 mm.</p><p>During opening motion, rotation around the Z-axis (median 24,9°), translations along the X-axis and the Y-axis (median 9,7 mm and 6,3 mm respectively) were happening all at once. The IHA was obliquely orientated.</p><p>During diduction motion, rotations around the Y-axis and the X-axis (median 10,7° and 3.3° respectively), translation on the Z-axis is (median −9.4 mm) occurred simultaneously. The IHA orientation was oblique and changed accordingly to the diduction side.</p><p>During chewing motion, median rotation around the Z-axis was −2.2° and median translation on the Y-axis −1.0 mm. The IHA pathway high asymmetry coincided with typical movements of working and balancing condyles.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Complete 3D kinematics parameters of the TMJs, corresponding to the ISB reco
目的颞下颌关节(TMJ)具有重要的生命功能,其疾病患病率在5%-12%之间。下颌运动依赖于两个关节,其中下颌髁通常是不对称的并且高度独立。它们在下颌打开和闭合过程中旋转,并垂直和前后平移。定量运动分析工具有助于更好地理解TMJ的正常和异常行为。先前的研究已经报道了下颌骨与头骨相比的不对称行为,以及其运动过程中旋转和平移的同步性。但他们都没有开发出一种使用体内运动数据与三维(3D)模型融合的实验方案。因此,我们的目标是通过一项明确描述的新技术,提供下颌骨与颅骨的详细运动学参数,2个髁突与它们的牙槽的详细动力学参数,以及瞬时螺旋轴(IHA)的计算:在3D模型上融合体内数据运动和虚拟触诊。我们还将我们的结果与现有文献的准确性和一致性进行了比较。材料和方法五名健康受试者安装了特制的牙套和牙套,进行了张开/闭合、吸吮和咀嚼动作。在他们的颅骨和下颌骨上触诊了15个解剖标志(AL)。标记物和ALs的轨迹由光电相机记录。通过分割程序对5名受试者的磁共振成像(MRI)创建的3D模型进行处理,并将其导入肌肉骨骼数据处理软件。虚拟触诊用于定位特定的AL,并根据ISB建议建立协调系统。将ALs坐标、运动文件和形态学模型进行融合。运动周期在坐标系中从旋转和平移持续时间的1%到100%进行归一化,计算3个运动的瞬时螺旋轴(IHA)参数。结果手动和虚拟触诊的ALs之间的平均RMSE为8.0 mm。在打开运动过程中,绕Z轴旋转(中位数为24.9°),沿X轴和Y轴平移(中位数分别为9.7mm和6.3mm)同时发生。IHA是倾斜的。在抽吸运动过程中,绕Y轴和X轴旋转(中间值分别为10.7°和3.3°),同时发生Z轴平移(中间值为-9.4 mm)。IHA的方向是倾斜的,并相应地向构造侧改变。在咀嚼运动过程中,围绕Z轴的中间旋转为−2.2°,在Y轴的中间平移为−1.0 mm。IHA通路高度不对称与工作和平衡髁的典型运动相一致。结论用我们的方法提取了TMJ的完整三维运动学参数,符合ISB的建议。如果可用,我们的值与先前的研究相匹配,并且触诊RMSE在先前实验方案的范围内。因此,研究体内运动是有效的。运动数据已经在一个开放访问的数据存储库中注册,允许其他研究人员利用它们并开发自己的TMJ模型。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of Moderate and Advanced Alzheimer's Patients Using Radial Basis Function Based Neural Networks Initialized with Fuzzy Logic 基于模糊逻辑初始化的径向基神经网络对中晚期阿尔茨海默病患者的分类
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100795
Carlos Roncero Parra , Alfonso Parreño Torres , Jorge Mateo Sotos , Alejandro L. Borja

Background

Alzheimer's disease can be diagnosed through various clinical methods. Among them, electroencephalography has proven to be a powerful, non-invasive, affordable, and painless tool for its diagnosis.

Objectives

In this study, eight machine learning (ML) approaches, including SVM, BLDA, DT, GNB, KNN, RF, and deep learning (DL) methods such as RNN and RBF, were employed to classify Alzheimer's disease into two stages: moderate Alzheimer's disease (ADM) and advanced Alzheimer's disease (ADA).

Material and methods

To this aim, electroencephalography data collected from five different hospitals over a decade has been used. A novel method based on neural networks has been proposed to increase accuracy and obtain fast classification times.

Results

Results show that deep neuronal networks based on radial basis functions initialized with fuzzy means achieved the best balanced accuracy with 96.66% accuracy in ADA classification and 93.31% accuracy in ADM classification.

Conclusion

Apart from improving accuracy, it is noteworthy that this algorithm had never been used before to classify patients with Alzheimer's disease.

背景阿尔茨海默病可以通过多种临床方法进行诊断。其中,脑电图已被证明是一种强大、无创、负担得起且无痛的诊断工具。目的本研究采用SVM、BLDA、DT、GNB、KNN、RF等八种机器学习方法,以及RNN和RBF等深度学习方法,将阿尔茨海默病分为两个阶段:中度阿尔茨海默病(ADM)和晚期阿尔茨海默病(ADA),十年来从五家不同医院收集的脑电图数据已经被使用。提出了一种基于神经网络的新方法,以提高精度并获得快速的分类时间。结果基于模糊均值初始化的径向基函数的深度神经元网络实现了最佳的平衡精度,ADA分类的准确率为96.66%,ADM分类的准确度为93.31%。结论除了提高准确性外,值得注意的是,该算法以前从未用于阿尔茨海默病患者的分类。
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引用次数: 0
New Design to Provide Absolute Protection Within a Certain Period for Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys 可降解镁合金在一定时间内提供绝对保护的新设计
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100784
Jian-Hua Zhu , Xinzhe Gao , Biying Shi , Jiawei Zou , Yu Ru Li , Ke Zeng , Qi Jia , Heng Bo Jiang

Objectives

Magnesium and magnesium alloy materials have excellent potential as biodegradable bone plate implants. However, the practical application of magnesium alloys is limited by their high chemical activity and poor corrosion resistance. Here, we chose a microarc fluorination (MAF) treatment to improve corrosion resistance while enhancing aspects of magnesium alloy properties. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of fixed-point corrosion on the corrosion resistance as well as the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys and to design a new corrosion-oriented model that can provide absolute protection over a period of time.

Material and Methods

MAF treatment is used for surface modification of magnesium alloys to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. To investigate the effect of the coating and indentation on the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy, electrochemical corrosion experiments were carried out. It is worth mentioning that in this experiment we measured and analyzed the mechanical properties of the samples, especially the tensile strength.

Results

In the innovative indentation sample test, the coated specimens showed lower tensile strength due to the occurrence of fixed-point corrosion. To avoid the loss of mechanical properties due to fixed-point corrosion, we proposed a new idea (Corrosion-oriented Design). Ultimately, the immersion experiments as well as the mechanical properties analysis concluded that the Corrosion-oriented Design samples could maintain the mechanical properties without detectable loss for a long time.

Conclusion

The Corrosion-oriented Design model can avoid the nuisance of fixed-point corrosion and control the centralized orientation of corrosion. This provides a new direction for the clinical application of magnesium alloys, which may offer a completely stable bone-healing condition in trauma treatment and avoid the drawbacks caused by the previous uncontrolled corrosion.

目的镁和镁合金材料作为可生物降解的骨板植入物具有良好的潜力。然而,镁合金的化学活性高、耐腐蚀性差,限制了其实际应用。在这里,我们选择了微氟化(MAF)处理,以提高耐腐蚀性,同时提高镁合金的性能。本研究的目的是确定定点腐蚀对镁合金耐腐蚀性和机械性能的影响,并设计一种新的面向腐蚀的模型,该模型可以在一段时间内提供绝对保护。材料与方法采用MAF处理对镁合金进行表面改性,以提高镁合金的耐蚀性。为了研究涂层和压痕对镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响,进行了电化学腐蚀实验。值得一提的是,在本实验中,我们测量并分析了样品的力学性能,特别是拉伸强度。结果在创新的压痕试样试验中,由于定点腐蚀的发生,涂层试样的抗拉强度较低。为了避免定点腐蚀造成的机械性能损失,我们提出了一个新的想法(面向腐蚀的设计)。最终,浸渍实验和机械性能分析得出结论,腐蚀导向设计样品可以在没有可检测损失的情况下长期保持机械性能。结论腐蚀导向设计模型可以避免定点腐蚀的干扰,控制腐蚀的集中导向。这为镁合金的临床应用提供了一个新的方向,它可以在创伤治疗中提供完全稳定的骨愈合条件,并避免以前不受控制的腐蚀所造成的缺点。
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引用次数: 0
Opioid Overdose Detection in a Murine Model Using a Custom-Designed Photoplethysmography Device 使用定制设计的光电体积描记仪在小鼠模型中检测阿片类药物过量
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100792
Orlando S. Hoilett , Jason D. Ummel , Luke E. Schepers , Arvin H. Soepriatna , Jessica L. Ma , Akio K. Fujita , Alyson S. Pickering , Benjamin D. Walters , Craig J. Goergen , Jacqueline C. Linnes

Background and Objective

Over 68,000 opioid-overdose related deaths occurred within the United States in 2020 alone, indicating a need to develop technologies to help curb this growing epidemic. The ability to detect respiratory rate (RR) depression in real-time has the potential to decrease adverse outcomes by alerting emergency medical services or willing bystanders to an overdose event. The aim of this investigation was to design, build, and test a novel photoplethysmography (PPG)-based measurement device capable of monitoring RR and identifying respiratory depression.

Materials and Methods

We developed a novel murine model for opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) to demonstrate the PPG device's capabilities. We induced respiratory depression in mice using both isoflurane and opioid-overdose and initiated recovery events with injections of naloxone while monitoring respiration via PPG and a laboratory reference system.

Results and Discussion

The device accurately identified all anesthesia-induced respiratory depression (n = 5) and OIRD events (n = 3). Our PPG-based monitor showed significant correlation with a reference respiratory measurement system (p<0.01). The bias measured across the isoflurane trials was 0.6 breaths per minute (BrPM), while the bias measured across the oxycodone trials was −1.0 BrPM, with mean absolute errors of 1.5 and 3.6 BrPM, respectively, indicating that our device was able to accurately measure RR in a murine model.

Conclusions

These preliminary experiments suggest that our device could detect OIRD and could potentially be adaptable to humans with modifications to firmware and more extensive validation in human subjects. Our present study is a proof-of-concept for detecting OIRD and alerting bystanders and health professionals in real-time.

背景和目的仅在2020年,美国就发生了超过68000例与阿片类药物过量相关的死亡,这表明需要开发技术来帮助遏制这种日益严重的流行病。实时检测呼吸频率(RR)抑郁的能力有可能通过提醒紧急医疗服务或愿意的旁观者注意服药过量事件来减少不良后果。本研究的目的是设计、构建和测试一种新型的基于光体积描记术(PPG)的测量设备,该设备能够监测RR并识别呼吸抑制。材料和方法我们开发了一种新的阿片类药物诱导的呼吸抑制(OIRD)小鼠模型,以证明PPG设备的能力。我们使用异氟烷和阿片类药物过量诱导小鼠呼吸抑制,并通过注射纳洛酮启动恢复事件,同时通过PPG和实验室参考系统监测呼吸。结果与讨论该装置准确识别了所有麻醉诱导的呼吸抑制(n=5)和OIRD事件(n=3)。我们基于PPG的监测仪显示出与参考呼吸测量系统的显著相关性(p<;0.01)。在异氟烷试验中测得的偏差为每分钟0.6次呼吸(BrPM),而在羟考酮试验中测到的偏差为-1.0次BrPM,平均绝对误差分别为1.5和3.6次BrPM,表明我们的设备能够在小鼠模型中准确地测量RR。结论这些初步实验表明,我们的设备可以检测OIRD,并且通过对固件的修改和在人类受试者中进行更广泛的验证,有可能适用于人类。我们目前的研究是检测OIRD并实时提醒旁观者和卫生专业人员的概念验证。
{"title":"Opioid Overdose Detection in a Murine Model Using a Custom-Designed Photoplethysmography Device","authors":"Orlando S. Hoilett ,&nbsp;Jason D. Ummel ,&nbsp;Luke E. Schepers ,&nbsp;Arvin H. Soepriatna ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Ma ,&nbsp;Akio K. Fujita ,&nbsp;Alyson S. Pickering ,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Walters ,&nbsp;Craig J. Goergen ,&nbsp;Jacqueline C. Linnes","doi":"10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objective</h3><p><span>Over 68,000 opioid-overdose related deaths occurred within the United States in 2020 alone, indicating a need to develop technologies to help curb this growing epidemic. The ability to detect respiratory rate (RR) depression in real-time has the potential to decrease adverse outcomes<span> by alerting emergency medical services or willing bystanders to an overdose event. The aim of this investigation was to design, build, and test a novel </span></span>photoplethysmography<span> (PPG)-based measurement device capable of monitoring RR and identifying respiratory depression.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p><span>We developed a novel murine model for opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) to demonstrate the PPG device's capabilities. We induced respiratory depression in mice using both isoflurane and opioid-overdose and initiated recovery events with injections of </span>naloxone while monitoring respiration via PPG and a laboratory reference system.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>The device accurately identified all anesthesia-induced respiratory depression (n = 5) and OIRD events (n = 3). Our PPG-based monitor showed significant correlation with a reference respiratory measurement system (<span><math><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0.01</mn></math></span><span><span>). The bias measured across the isoflurane trials was 0.6 breaths per minute (BrPM), while the bias measured across the oxycodone trials was −1.0 BrPM, with </span>mean absolute errors of 1.5 and 3.6 BrPM, respectively, indicating that our device was able to accurately measure RR in a murine model.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These preliminary experiments suggest that our device could detect OIRD and could potentially be adaptable to humans with modifications to firmware and more extensive validation in human subjects. Our present study is a proof-of-concept for detecting OIRD and alerting bystanders and health professionals in real-time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14605,"journal":{"name":"Irbm","volume":"44 5","pages":"Article 100792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49704809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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