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Focused Ultrasound for Brain Diseases: A Review of Current Applications and Future Perspectives 聚焦超声在脑部疾病中的应用综述及未来展望
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100790
Matteo Gionso , Luca Raspagliesi , Lorenzo Yuan , Massimiliano Del Bene , Nicoletta Corradino , Riccardo Ciocca , Edoardo Porto , Antonio D'Ammando , Giovanni Durando , Francesco Di Meco , Francesco Prada

Neurosurgical procedures heavily rely on technological innovation to improve patients care. Focused Ultrasound (FUS) represents a novel and ever-growing technology with roots dating back to the 19th century. Now surrounded by state-of-the-art equipment, such as MRI guidance, thermometry, neuronavigation guidance, artificial acoustic windows and implantable devices, FUS employs mechanical waves to deliver a wide spectrum of physical effects, in a non-invasive and precise fashion. Even if most of its applications are nowadays mostly experimental or at the very initial steps into clinical practice, FUS has seen its tools being used in a growing number of diseases and applications, ranging from oncology to cerebrovascular, functional disorders and even neuro- and immune-modulation. This general review aims to provide a comprehensive vision of FUS application for neurological conditions.

神经外科手术在很大程度上依赖于技术创新来改善患者护理。聚焦超声(FUS)代表了一种新的、不断发展的技术,其根源可以追溯到19世纪。FUS现在被最先进的设备包围,如MRI引导、体温测量、神经导航引导、人工声学窗口和植入式设备,它采用机械波以非侵入性和精确的方式提供广泛的物理效果。即使FUS的大多数应用现在大多是实验性的,或者处于临床实践的最初阶段,但它的工具已经被用于越来越多的疾病和应用,从肿瘤学到脑血管、功能紊乱,甚至神经和免疫调节。本综述旨在为FUS在神经疾病中的应用提供一个全面的视角。
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引用次数: 0
An EHR Data Quality Evaluation Approach Based on Medical Knowledge and Text Matching 基于医学知识和文本匹配的电子病历数据质量评价方法
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100782
Nanya Chen, Jiangtao Ren

Introduction: Recently, medical artificial intelligence based on Electronic Health Records (EHR) is a significant research field, and EHR data has been widely used in clinical decision support systems and medical diagnosis systems. However, because EHR are used to record the patient's disease information and are not primarily designed for research and discovery, the utility of EHR for research will be hindered by data quality problems. Therefore, it is a meaningful and challenging task to evaluate the data quality of EHR before they are used in medical artificial intelligence. Most of the current EHR data quality evaluation methods are based on some conventional evaluation indicators, and rarely consider the introduction of clinical evidence.

Materials and methods: we propose an EHR data quality evaluation approach based on clinical evidence and a deep text matching model. First, based on the medical knowledge of the particular disease, we establish the list of standard clinical evidence descriptions including typical symptoms and special signs, etc. Then we find the relevant clinical evidence from the EHR based on the text matching model, and finally evaluate the quality of the EHR based on the quantity and quality of the relevant clinical evidence found.

Results: The experimental results of more than 1,000 EHR for two types of diseases show that our approach can effectively distinguish high-quality EHR from low-quality EHR, and the high-quality EHR found generally contains sufficient and consistent information related to disease diagnosis.

Conclusions: Experiments results on a real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our EHR data quality evaluation approach based on medical knowledge and text matching.

引言:近年来,基于电子健康记录(EHR)的医疗人工智能是一个重要的研究领域,EHR数据已被广泛应用于临床决策支持系统和医疗诊断系统。然而,由于EHR用于记录患者的疾病信息,而不是主要为研究和发现而设计的,因此EHR用于研究的效用将受到数据质量问题的阻碍。因此,在EHR应用于医疗人工智能之前,对其数据质量进行评估是一项有意义且具有挑战性的任务。目前的EHR数据质量评价方法大多基于一些常规的评价指标,很少考虑引入临床证据。材料和方法:我们提出了一种基于临床证据和深度文本匹配模型的EHR数据质量评估方法。首先,基于特定疾病的医学知识,我们建立了标准临床证据描述列表,包括典型症状和特殊体征等。然后,我们基于文本匹配模型从EHR中找到相关临床证据,最后根据找到的相关临床证据的数量和质量来评估EHR的质量。结果:1000多个EHR对两种疾病的实验结果表明,我们的方法可以有效地区分高质量EHR和低质量EHR,并且发现的高质量EHR通常包含足够和一致的与疾病诊断相关的信息。结论:在真实世界数据集上的实验结果证明了我们基于医学知识和文本匹配的EHR数据质量评估方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Biomechanical Comparison of the Influence of Osteoporosis on the Lumbar Spine After Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery or Non-fusion Dynamic Stabilization Surgery Under Whole Body Vibration 全身振动下腰椎椎间融合术与非融合术后骨质疏松对腰椎影响的生物力学比较
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100797
Wei Fan , Chi Zhang , Dong-Xiang Zhang , Qing-Dong Wang , Li-Xin Guo

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine and compare the influence of osteoporosis on biomechanics of the spine after lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) surgery or non-fusion dynamic stabilization (NFDS) surgery under whole body vibration (WBV) which is typically present in moving vehicles.

Methods

Based on a previously validated finite element (FE) model of normal human lumbosacral spine, four surgical models including LIF, LIF with osteoporosis (LIF-OST), NFDS, and NFDS with osteoporosis (NFDS-OST) were constructed. Biomechanical responses of the surgical models to an axial cyclic load were calculated using transient dynamic analysis. Response parameters include vibration amplitudes of the endplate stress and screw stress at surgical L4–L5 level, vibration amplitudes of the disc bulge and intradiscal pressure at adjacent L3–L4 level.

Results

Osteoporosis increased vibration amplitudes of all these investigated response parameters. Further, we found that vibration amplitudes of the endplate stress and screw stress for the LIF-OST model were significantly higher than those for the NFDS-OST model, but there was very small difference in vibration amplitudes of the disc bulge and intradiscal pressure between the LIF-OST and NFDS-OST models.

Conclusions

For both the LIF and NFDS surgeries, osteoporosis might increase the risk for implant failure and accelerate adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) under WBV. When osteoporosis occurs, LIF might be associated with a higher likelihood of implant failure at the surgical level compared with NFDS, and the surgical approach (LIF or NFDS) might have little influence on biomechanics of the adjacent level.

目的本研究的目的是确定和比较骨质疏松症对腰椎间融合术(LIF)或非融合术动态稳定(NFDS)手术后脊柱生物力学的影响,全身振动(WBV)通常存在于运动车辆中。方法在先前验证的正常人腰骶棘有限元(FE)模型的基础上,构建了四个手术模型,包括LIF、LIF伴骨质疏松症(LIF-OST)、NFDS和NFDS伴骨质疏松病(NFDS-OST)。使用瞬态动力学分析计算外科模型对轴向循环载荷的生物力学响应。响应参数包括L4–L5级手术终板应力和螺钉应力的振幅,邻近L3–L4级椎间盘膨出和椎间盘内压力的振幅。结果骨质疏松症增加了所有这些研究反应参数的振幅。此外,我们发现LIF-OST模型的终板应力和螺钉应力的振幅显著高于NFDS-OST模型,但LIF-OST和NFDS-OST之间的椎间盘膨出和椎间盘内压力的振幅差异非常小。结论对于LIF和NFDS手术,骨质疏松可能会增加WBV下种植体失败的风险,并加速邻近节段退变(ASD)。当骨质疏松症发生时,与NFDS相比,LIF可能与手术层面植入物失败的可能性更高有关,并且手术方法(LIF或NFDS)可能对相邻层面的生物力学几乎没有影响。
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引用次数: 0
IDEALI: Intuitively Localising Connected Devices in Order to Support Autonomy 理想:直观地定位连接设备,以支持自治
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100779
Réjane Dalcé , Antonio Serpa , Thierry Val , Adrien van den Bossche , Frédéric Vella , Nadine Vigouroux

Localisation-capable technologies are becoming more readily available as off-the-shelf components. In this paper, we highlight the need for such a service in the field of health and autonomy, especially for disabled people. We then explore this idea through a study that leverages this localisation functionality.

We introduce a model for Semantic Position Description (SPD) (“The pill organiser in on the kitchen table”) as well as various algorithms that transform raw distance estimations to SPD related to proximity, alignment and room identification.

Two measurement campaigns have been conducted. The first one focused on algorithm performance and exploited the LocURa4IoT testbed. The second confronted the system's output (SPDs) to real user perception in a smart-home environment. This experiment involved ten human participants in the Maison Intelligente de Blagnac. The results indicate that both processes (human and machine perception) converge 90% of the time. This convergence confirms the relevance of our locaisation-based approach and encourages future explorations of its application to various domains.

能够本地化的技术越来越容易作为现成的组件提供。在这篇论文中,我们强调了在健康和自主领域,特别是为残疾人提供这种服务的必要性。然后,我们通过利用这种本地化功能的研究来探索这个想法。我们介绍了语义位置描述(SPD)(“厨房桌子上的药丸组织者”)的模型,以及将原始距离估计转换为与邻近度、对齐和房间识别相关的SPD的各种算法。已经开展了两次测量活动。第一个重点关注算法性能,并利用了LocURa4IoT测试平台。第二个问题是在智能家居环境中,将系统的输出(SPD)与真实的用户感知进行对抗。这项实验涉及布拉尼亚克智能之家的十名人类参与者。结果表明,这两个过程(人类和机器感知)在90%的时间内收敛。这种融合证实了我们基于本地化的方法的相关性,并鼓励未来探索其在各个领域的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient Heart Disease Prediction Using Hybrid Deep Learning Classification Models 基于混合深度学习分类模型的有效心脏病预测
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100786
Vaishali Baviskar , Madhushi Verma , Pradeep Chatterjee , Gaurav Singal

INTRODUCTION: Heart disease (HD) has been identified as one of the deadly diseases, which affects the human beings of all ages worldwide. In such a scenario, Data Mining (DM) techniques have been found to be efficient in the analysis and the prediction of the phases of HD complications while handling larger patient datasets'. This dataset would consist of irrelevant and redundant features as well. These features would further impact the accuracy and the speed of data processing during the classification process.

OBJECTIVES: Hence, the feature selection techniques are required for removing the redundant features from the dataset. Therefore, in this study, feature selection techniques like genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and African buffalo algorithm have been implemented.

METHODS: To further enhance this process, a newly developed GSA (Genetic Sine Algorithm) is proposed as it is capable of selecting optimal features and avoid getting trapped in local optima. The selected features are subjected to the classification technique by RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) integrated with LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) algorithm. To filter out all the invalid informations and emphasize only on critical information, DPA-RNN+LSTM (Deep Progressive Attention-RNN+LSTM) has been developed so as to improve the classification rate.

RESULTS: The proposed results have been supported by the performance and comparative analysis performed on two benchmark datasets namely heart disease diagnosis UCI dataset and heart failure clinical dataset. Further, statistical analysis in terms of Mann-Whitney U-test, Pearson Correlation co-efficient, Friedman rank and Iman-Davenport significant values has been evaluated.

CONCLUSION: The obtained results show that the proposed system is comparatively more efficient for heart disease diagnosis than other conventional techniques.

引言:心脏病(HD)已被确定为一种致命疾病,影响着全世界所有年龄段的人类。在这种情况下,数据挖掘(DM)技术已被发现在处理更大的患者数据集的同时,在HD并发症阶段的分析和预测中是有效的。该数据集也将由不相关和冗余的特征组成。这些特征将进一步影响分类过程中数据处理的准确性和速度。目标:因此,需要特征选择技术来从数据集中去除冗余特征。因此,在本研究中,已经实现了遗传算法、粒子群优化和非洲水牛算法等特征选择技术。方法:为了进一步增强这一过程,提出了一种新开发的GSA(遗传正弦算法),因为它能够选择最优特征,避免陷入局部最优。通过RNN(递归神经网络)结合LSTM(长短期记忆)算法对所选特征进行分类。为了过滤掉所有无效信息,只强调关键信息,开发了DPA-RNN+LSTM(Deep Progressive Attention RNN+LSTM)来提高分类率。结果:在两个基准数据集,即心脏病诊断UCI数据集和心力衰竭临床数据集上进行的性能和比较分析支持了所提出的结果。此外,还对Mann-Whitney U检验、Pearson相关系数、Friedman秩和Iman-Davenport显著值的统计分析进行了评估。结论:与其他常规技术相比,所提出的系统在心脏病诊断方面相对更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Intracranial Compliance, Resistance to CSF-Outflow, and Pressure-Volume Index in Hydrocephalus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 脑积水患者颅内顺应性、csf流出阻力和压力-容量指数:一项系统综述和荟萃分析
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100785
Seifollah Gholampour , Amber Nguyen , Saad Chaudry

Objectives

How changes in intracranial compliance (ICC), resistance to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-outflow (Rout), and pressure-volume index (PVI) can play a prominent role in clarifying the complexities in the biomechanism and treatment outcomes of hydrocephalus. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review to find the correlation between ICC, Rout, and PVI with intracranial pressure (ICP) characteristics, as well as morphometric parameters, in hydrocephalus patients.

Material and methods

Electronic searches were conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ovid, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases from their dates of inception to December 2022 using filters for English-language articles. The article selection and data collection were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and recommendations. We assigned a quality score for each study to evaluate the information and selection bias. The certainty of the pooled data for all articles was assessed based on GRADE criteria. The Funnel plot asymmetry study was used to evaluate publication bias.

Results

The overall pre-treatment ICC, Rout, and PVI were 0.45 ml/mmHg (95% CI, 0.33-0.57; I2=99.7%; P<0.001), 14.93 mmHg/(ml/min) (95% CI, 13.65-16.21; I2= 99.7%; P<0.001) and 19.26 ml (95% CI, 15.63-22.89; I2=98.7%; P<0.001), respectively. The pooled Rout was observed to be higher in adult hydrocephalus compared to pediatric hydrocephalus, whereas the opposite trend was found for PVI. Patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) exhibited a higher pooled Rout compared to communicating hydrocephalus. Patients with unimproved outcomes demonstrated a decrease in the effect size of the pooled Rout. The results also showed significant correlations were observed between all ICP characteristics and both the ICC and Rout. The correlation between ICC and the ventricular score was significant. Rout had a significant correlation with the third ventricle index. PVI had significant correlations with Evan's ratio, inverse cella media, and ventricular score.

Conclusion

The results indicate the possible reason for publication bias in some subgroups may be related to methodological heterogeneity in the measurement of pressure-volume parameters. This finding motivates researchers to investigate the effects of different invasive and non-invasive methods on the measurement results of ICC, Rout, and PVI.

目的颅内顺应性(ICC)、脑脊液流出阻力(Rout)和压积指数(PVI)的变化如何在阐明脑积水生物机制的复杂性和治疗结果方面发挥重要作用。本研究旨在对脑积水患者的ICC、Rout和PVI与颅内压(ICP)特征以及形态测量参数之间的相关性进行全面综述。材料和方法从PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Google Scholar、Ovid、Cochrane和EMBASE数据库成立之日至2022年12月,使用英语文章过滤器进行电子搜索。文章选择和数据收集是根据PRISMA指南和建议进行的。我们为每项研究分配了一个质量分数,以评估信息和选择偏差。根据GRADE标准评估所有文章的合并数据的确定性。漏斗图不对称性研究用于评估发表偏倚。结果治疗前ICC、Rout和PVI分别为0.45 ml/mmHg(95%CI,0.33-0.57;I2=99.7%;P<;0.001)、14.93 mmHg/(ml/min)(95%CI为13.65-16.21;I2=97.7%;P>;0.001)和19.26 ml(95%CI:15.63-22.89;I2=98.7%;P&<;0.001)。与儿童脑积水相比,成人脑积水的合并Rout更高,而PVI则相反。与交通性脑积水相比,正常压力性脑积水(NPH)患者表现出更高的合并Rout。结果未改善的患者表现出合并Rout的效果大小降低。结果还表明,所有ICP特征与ICC和Rout之间都存在显著相关性。ICC与心室评分之间存在显著相关性。Rout与第三脑室指数有显著相关性。PVI与Evan比率、反细胞培养基和心室评分显著相关。结论某些亚组发表偏倚的可能原因可能与压力-体积参数测量方法的异质性有关。这一发现促使研究人员研究不同的侵入性和非侵入性方法对ICC、Rout和PVI测量结果的影响。
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引用次数: 1
A Control Strategy for Pneumatically Powered Below-Hip Orthosis 气动下髋关节矫形器的控制策略
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100791
Ashmi M , Akhil VM

Objectives

The role of controllers is inevitable in the design of powered orthosis to achieve ideal gait characteristics. Despite the fact that electrical actuators are preferred for most of the orthoses, a pneumatic actuator proves to have low cost and less weight. In this study, suitable controllers are designed and implemented for the knee and hip joints of a pneumatically actuated orthosis for the afflicted people.

Material and Methods

Different controllers (P, PI and PID) were tested for the position control of the orthosis by proper tuning of gain constants (KP, KI, KD). By using Lagrange Euler Method, the optimal trajectory for the knee and hip joints were determined for the pneumatic system. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based PID controller was further employed for optimizing the gain constants.

Results

With the healthy gait as reference, the knee and hip reference angles were manually set in the PID controller. The subject was made to walk five times at a distance of 5 m and the average knee and hip angles were calculated based on the gait trials. Knee and hip angles varied 0 to 45° and 0 to 35° for healthy subjects while they varied 0 to 41° and 0 to 45° for the implemented pneumatic leg. The values of gain constants obtained in manual tuning matched with the PSO based controller at 25th iteration and the best fitness function was chosen with least error (0.7011).

Conclusion

The prototype of the orthosis is fabricated and the response of PID controller was found to be acceptable for a desired pressure (5 bar) with an angular velocity of 3 deg/s. Using a PID controlled pneumatic orthosis, exhibited less oscillation and showed an improved steady-state error when compared to the other controllers, thereby replicating healthy gait. A global best position with minimum error was obtained using PSO to find optimal controller gain constants.

目的在动力矫形器的设计中,控制器的作用是不可避免的,以实现理想的步态特征。尽管电动致动器对于大多数矫形器是优选的,但是气动致动器被证明具有低成本和较小重量。在这项研究中,为患者的气动矫形器的膝关节和髋关节设计并实现了合适的控制器。材料和方法通过适当调整增益常数(KP、KI、KD),测试了不同控制器(P、PI和PID)对矫形器位置的控制。利用拉格朗日-欧拉方法,确定了气动系统膝关节和髋关节的最优轨迹。进一步采用基于粒子群优化(PSO)的PID控制器对增益常数进行优化。结果以健康步态为参考,在PID控制器中手动设置膝关节和髋关节的参考角。受试者以5米的距离行走五次,并根据步态试验计算平均膝盖和臀部角度。健康受试者的膝关节和髋关节角度分别为0至45°和0至35°,而气动腿的膝关节角和髋关节角分别为0~41°和0~45°。手动调谐获得的增益常数值与基于PSO的控制器在第25次迭代时匹配,并以最小误差(0.7011)选择了最佳适应度函数。结论制作了矫形器的原型,发现PID控制器在角速度为3°/s的所需压力(5巴)下的响应是可接受的。与其他控制器相比,使用PID控制的气动矫形器,表现出较少的振荡,并显示出改进的稳态误差,从而复制了健康的步态。利用粒子群算法求解最优控制器增益常数,得到误差最小的全局最优位置。
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引用次数: 0
A Priori Acceptability of a Multimodal System for the Early Detection of Frailty in Older Adults 多模式系统在老年人虚弱早期检测中的先验可接受性
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100775
Joaquim Prud'Homm , Fabien Lemoine , Manuel Abbas , Guy Carrault , Dominique Somme , Régine Le Bouquin Jeannès

Introduction

Frailty would affect 4 out of 5 people aged of 85 and over in France.

Methods

As part of a global project aimed to develop a multimodal system for the early detection of frailty among older adults living at home or in independent senior living apartments, we reported prospective quantitative study assessing a priori acceptability of this system based on Bel's integrative model devoted to the behavioral prediction use of an unknown technology. The platform is composed of 5 devices: a weight scale, a tensiometer, a wrist-worn step counter, an activity tracker and a tablet to exchange data with the aforementioned sensors over the internet. The inclusion criteria are: age 2: 80 years old, living at home or in independent senior living apartments, assessed as ‘robust’ or ‘pre-frail’. The a priori acceptability is assessed through self-evaluation questionnaires, mainly using a continuous scale (min-max score 1-7).

Results

We included 34 volunteers (24 women and 10 men), mean age 85.6 years (± 4.1), 24 of whom were classified as ‘robust’ and 10 as ‘pre-frail’. A priori utility of the multimodal system (mean score = 6.0 (± 0.9)), a priori intention of use (mean score = 5.9 (± 0.8)) and the rate of recommendation of the device before its first use (82.4% (± 17.4)) were clearly in favor of the device.

Conclusion

This study is in favor of an a priori acceptability and an a priori intention to use rather favorable to the developing system. Those results point a need for significant ease of use and almost-perfect functioning of this connected system for good acceptability.

引言在法国,每5名85岁及以上的人中就有4人会受到虚弱的影响。方法作为一个全球项目的一部分,该项目旨在开发一个多模式系统,用于在家中或独立老年公寓中的老年人中早期检测虚弱,我们报道了一项前瞻性定量研究,该研究基于Bel的综合模型,专门用于使用未知技术进行行为预测,评估该系统的先验可接受性。该平台由5个设备组成:体重秤、张力计、腕戴式步数计、活动跟踪器和平板电脑,用于通过互联网与上述传感器交换数据。纳入标准为:年龄2:80岁,住在家里或独立的老年公寓,评估为“强健”或“前期虚弱”。结果我们纳入34名志愿者(24名女性和10名男性),平均年龄85.6岁(±4.1),其中24人被归类为“强壮”,10人被归类于“前期虚弱”。多模式系统的先验效用(平均得分=6.0(±0.9))、先验使用意图(平均得分=5.9(±0.8))和首次使用前设备的推荐率(82.4%(±17.4))显然有利于该设备。结论本研究有利于系统的先验可接受性和先验意图的使用,对系统的发展相当有利。这些结果表明,为了获得良好的可接受性,需要这种连接系统的显著易用性和几乎完美的功能。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Biopsy Needle with Double Concave-Curved Cutting Edges 一种新型双凹曲面切削刃活检针
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100783
Chi-Lun Lin , Yu-Ming Huang , Zheng-Yan Luo , Yu-Hsien Hsieh

Background

Vacuum-assisted biopsy is a minimally invasive sampling technique that relies on rotational cutting as a major tissue retrieving method. A precise diagnosis of the disease requires large, uncrushed samples, which are impacted by the cutting force of the biopsy needle.

Objectives

This study proposes a novel needle design with double-concave-curved cutting edges, which is more suited for rotational needle cutting. We aimed to optimize the design so that large, undamaged samples could be extracted with minimal cutting force.

Materials and Methods

Five-factor experiments were designed using the Taguchi method. Experiments involving rotational needle insertion and tissue sampling were conducted to examine the effects of these variables on the cutting force and sampling quality, respectively. The relationship between the cutting force and sampling quality was analyzed.

Results

For needle insertion, the optimal design within the design space demonstrated a marked improvement in cutting force from 1.2107 to 0.1888 N. Furthermore, the optimized double concave-curved needle outperformed the blunt needle under the same needle speeds, showing a 24.4% reduction in cutting force (0.1888 vs. 0.2496 N). Increasing rotation-translation ratio or insertion speed would allow for extracting a larger sample (increased up to 21.95% in weight and 17.21% in total length) but may also increase the rotation speed, resulting in sample fragmentation. To simultaneously improve sampling quality and cutting force, a higher K value, larger rotation-translation ratio, and slower insertion speed are suggested. Based on the conditions examined in this study, the optimal needle configuration should include a sharpened cutting edge with a K value of 0.2, a rotation-translation ratio of 8, and an insertion speed of 1 mm/s.

背景真空辅助活检是一种微创采样技术,它依赖于旋转切割作为主要的组织回收方法。这种疾病的精确诊断需要大量未破碎的样本,这些样本会受到活检针切割力的影响。目的本研究提出了一种新型的双凹面弯曲刀刃针头设计,更适合旋转针头切割。我们的目标是优化设计,以便可以用最小的切割力提取大的、未损坏的样本。材料与方法采用田口法设计五因素实验。进行了包括旋转针头插入和组织取样的实验,以分别检查这些变量对切割力和取样质量的影响。分析了切削力与取样质量的关系。结果对于针头插入,在设计空间内的最佳设计显示切割力从1.2107 N显著提高到0.1888 N。此外,在相同的针头速度下,优化的双凹曲针优于钝针,显示切割力降低了24.4%(0.1888 vs.0.2496 N)。增加旋转平移比或插入速度将允许提取更大的样品(重量增加至21.95%,总长度增加至17.21%),但也可能增加旋转速度,导致样品碎裂。为了同时提高采样质量和切割力,建议使用更高的K值、更大的旋转平移比和更慢的插入速度。根据本研究中检查的条件,最佳针头配置应包括K值为0.2、旋转平移比为8、插入速度为1mm/s的锋利切削刃。
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引用次数: 0
Early Detection of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Using Machine Learning Algorithm Based on Vectorcardiography and Cardiodynamicsgram Features 基于矢量心动图和心动力图特征的机器学习算法早期检测冠状动脉微血管功能障碍
IF 4.8 4区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2023.100805
Xiaoye Zhao , Yinglan Gong , Jucheng Zhang , Haipeng Liu , Tianhai Huang , Jun Jiang , Yanli Niu , Ling Xia , Jiandong Mao

Purpose

As a main etiology of myocardial ischemia, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) can occur in patients with or without obstructive coronary artery disease. Currently, there is a lack of a non-invasive approach for early detection of CMD.

Aim

We aim to develop a multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm to achieve non-invasive early detection of CMD based on vectorcardiography (VCG) and cardiodynamicsgram (CDG) features.

Methods

Electrocardiograms of 82 CMD patients and 107 healthy controls were collected and synthesized into VCGs. The VCGs' ST-T segments were extracted and fed into a deterministic learning algorithm to develop CDGs. Temporal heterogeneity index, spatial heterogeneity index, sample entropy, approximate entropy, and complexity index were extracted from VCGs' ST-T segments and CDGs, entitled as STT- and CDG-based features, respectively. The most effective feature subsets were determined from CDG-based, STT-based, and the combined features (i.e., all features) via the sequential backward selection algorithm as inputs for CDG-, STT-, and CDG-STT-based MLP models optimized with an improved sparrow search algorithm, respectively. Finally, the classification capacity of the corresponding models was evaluated via five-fold cross-validations and tested on a testing dataset to verify the optimal one.

Results

The CDG-STT-based MLP model had significantly higher evaluated metrics than CDG- and STT-based ones on the validation dataset, with the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and AUC of 0.904, 0.925, 0.870, 0.870, and 0.897 on the testing dataset respectively.

Conclusions

The MLP model based on VCG and CDG features showed high efficiency in identifying CMD. The CDG-STT-based MLP model may afford a potential computer-aided tool for non-invasive detection of CMD.

目的冠状动脉微血管功能障碍(CMD)作为心肌缺血的主要病因,可发生在患有或不患有阻塞性冠状动脉疾病的患者中。目前,缺乏一种用于CMD早期检测的非侵入性方法。目的基于心电向量图(VCG)和心动力图(CDG)特征,开发一种多层感知器(MLP)算法,实现CMD的无创早期检测。方法收集82例CMD患者和107例健康对照者的心电图,并将其合成VCG。提取VCG的ST-T片段,并将其输入确定性学习算法以开发CDG。从VCG的ST-T片段和CDG中提取时间异质性指数、空间异质性指数,样本熵、近似熵和复杂性指数,分别称为基于STT和CDG的特征。通过顺序后向选择算法从基于CDG、基于STT和组合特征(即所有特征)中确定最有效的特征子集,分别作为用改进的麻雀搜索算法优化的基于CDG-、STT-和CDG-STT-的MLP模型的输入。最后,通过五次交叉验证评估了相应模型的分类能力,并在测试数据集上进行了测试,以验证最优模型。结果在验证数据集上,基于CDG-STT的MLP模型的评估指标显著高于基于CDG-和STT的模型,其准确性、敏感性、特异性、F1评分和AUC在测试数据集上分别为0.904、0.925、0.870、0.870和0.897。结论基于VCG和CDG特征的MLP模型对CMD具有较高的识别效率。基于CDG-STT的MLP模型可以为CMD的非侵入性检测提供潜在的计算机辅助工具。
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