Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-405-408
T. Trofimova, D. Shovkoon
Crambid moth Neocrambus wolfschlaegeri (Schawerda, 1937) is reported from the Volga-Ural Region (Orenburg and Saratov Provinces). This represents the first record of this species from Russia. The external morphology and genitalia are illustrated and some details of the morphology are discussed.
{"title":"Neocrambus wolfschlaegeri (Schawerda, 1937) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Crambinae) new to Russia","authors":"T. Trofimova, D. Shovkoon","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-405-408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-405-408","url":null,"abstract":"Crambid moth Neocrambus wolfschlaegeri (Schawerda, 1937) is reported from the Volga-Ural Region (Orenburg and Saratov Provinces). This represents the first record of this species from Russia. The external morphology and genitalia are illustrated and some details of the morphology are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73272095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-427-436
Mariya A. Kupryashina, E. G. Ponomareva
Recently, much attention has been paid to the development of technologies for biodegradation of organopollutants and the search for promising biodestructors. The environmental accumulation of lignin-like compounds and synthetic dyes poses a huge threat not only to ecosystems and biodiversity, but also to human health. Phenol oxidases are enzymes with broad substrate specificity, with oxidizing ability towards various polyphenols and aromatic amines. Therefore the use of phenol oxydases as bioremediation agents is promising due to their unique catalytic properties. In this work we present the results of a study of the effect of metal ions on the activity of the azospirilla phenol oxidase complex. It was demonstrated that extracellular laccases of lignin- and Mn-peroxidases of strains Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Azospirillum brasilense SR80 are quite stable in the presence of the studied metal salts. The enzymatic activity decreased and the effectiveness of the organopollutants’ biodegradation efficacy was inhibited in the presence of Zn2+ ions. The laccase and lignin-peroxidase activity induced by copper ions positively correlated with the ability of lignin degradation by azospirillum. Analysis of the obtained data showed that inhibitors and inducers of authentic extracellular phenol oxidases of both fungi and bacteria are typical for azospirillum enzymes.
{"title":"The effect of metal salts on the activity of the phenol oxidase complex enzymes of bacteria of the genus Azospirillum","authors":"Mariya A. Kupryashina, E. G. Ponomareva","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-427-436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-427-436","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, much attention has been paid to the development of technologies for biodegradation of organopollutants and the search for promising biodestructors. The environmental accumulation of lignin-like compounds and synthetic dyes poses a huge threat not only to ecosystems and biodiversity, but also to human health. Phenol oxidases are enzymes with broad substrate specificity, with oxidizing ability towards various polyphenols and aromatic amines. Therefore the use of phenol oxydases as bioremediation agents is promising due to their unique catalytic properties. In this work we present the results of a study of the effect of metal ions on the activity of the azospirilla phenol oxidase complex. It was demonstrated that extracellular laccases of lignin- and Mn-peroxidases of strains Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Azospirillum brasilense SR80 are quite stable in the presence of the studied metal salts. The enzymatic activity decreased and the effectiveness of the organopollutants’ biodegradation efficacy was inhibited in the presence of Zn2+ ions. The laccase and lignin-peroxidase activity induced by copper ions positively correlated with the ability of lignin degradation by azospirillum. Analysis of the obtained data showed that inhibitors and inducers of authentic extracellular phenol oxidases of both fungi and bacteria are typical for azospirillum enzymes.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77626756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-390-397
A. Nikiforov, E. A. Chesnokov, I. A. Nikiforov, A. Popov, K. Maslakov
In the course of this work, fluorinated catalysts MoO3/Al2O3-F for the olefins metathesis have been synthesized. The materials have been characterized by various physicochemical methods and tested in the propylene metathesis reaction. It has been shown that the support fluorination leads to partial replacement of surface hydroxyl groups by F, which is accompanied by an increase in the strength of both Lewis acid sites and residual bridging OH groups. Increasing the fluorine content on γ-Al2O3 up to 3 wt. % leads to an increase in the conversion of propylene in the metathesis reaction by 1.5 times (WHSV = 1.1 h-1, Т = 100 °С, р = 9 atm.) with a selectivity of more than 95%. However, when the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure, fluorinated samples show lower activity than unpromoted ones. The results of this work show that the support acidity plays an important role in propylene metathesis. The proposed method of catalyst modification opens up new possibilities for improving classical metathesis catalysts.
在此过程中，合成了用于烯烃复分解的MoO3/Al2O3-F氟化催化剂。用各种物理化学方法对材料进行了表征，并在丙烯还原反应中进行了测试。研究表明，载体氟化导致表面羟基部分被F取代，这伴随着刘易斯酸位点和残余桥接OH基团强度的增加。将γ-Al2O3上的氟含量提高至3wt . %，可使丙烯的转化率提高1.5倍(WHSV = 1.1 h-1， Т = 100°С， r = 9 atm.)，选择性大于95%。然而，当反应在常压下进行时，氟化样品的活性低于未促进的样品。研究结果表明，载体酸度在丙烯的合成过程中起着重要的作用。所提出的催化剂改性方法为改进经典复分解催化剂开辟了新的可能性。
{"title":"Effect of the MoO 3/Al2O3 catalyst fluorination on the propylene metathesis reaction","authors":"A. Nikiforov, E. A. Chesnokov, I. A. Nikiforov, A. Popov, K. Maslakov","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-390-397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-390-397","url":null,"abstract":"In the course of this work, fluorinated catalysts MoO3/Al2O3-F for the olefins metathesis have been synthesized. The materials have been characterized by various physicochemical methods and tested in the propylene metathesis reaction. It has been shown that the support fluorination leads to partial replacement of surface hydroxyl groups by F, which is accompanied by an increase in the strength of both Lewis acid sites and residual bridging OH groups. Increasing the fluorine content on γ-Al2O3 up to 3 wt. % leads to an increase in the conversion of propylene in the metathesis reaction by 1.5 times (WHSV = 1.1 h-1, Т = 100 °С, р = 9 atm.) with a selectivity of more than 95%. However, when the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure, fluorinated samples show lower activity than unpromoted ones. The results of this work show that the support acidity plays an important role in propylene metathesis. The proposed method of catalyst modification opens up new possibilities for improving classical metathesis catalysts.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74302008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-373-381
E. O. Markova, D. A. Nekrasov, Michael Yu. Dyakov, A.A. Danilov
Currently iodine deficiency diseases are one of the most important medical and social problems. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to determine the content of iodine, iodides, iodates in iodized salt, drinking and mineral water, seaweed, to determine the stability of the iodine content in salt. For the qualitative determination of iodides and iodates ions in salts and molecular iodine in seaweed, an iodine starch reaction has been carried out. The presence of iodide ions in iodized water has been determined by reaction with silver nitrate and chlorine water, the iodine released has been extracted with chloroform. Quantitative determination of iodine in salt has been carried out by the titrimetric method, in water – by colorimetric method, in seaweed – by gravimetric method with subsequent titration. The study has found that iodized salt contains iodine in the form of potassium iodate, in an amount of 18.65 μg / g of elemental iodine, kelp contains molecular iodine in the amount of 8.12 μg / g of elemental iodine, and iodized water contains potassium iodide in the amount of 0.327 μg / ml of elemental iodine. The study has proved that over time, the amount of iodine in the salt iodized with potassium iodate decreases after a month by 5.6 times. In order to comply with the daily rate of iodine intake, it is necessary to include in your diet about 9.7 g of iodized salt, which exceeds the daily norm of its consumption in 5 g. In this regard, it is recommended to use iodized salt (not more than 5 g) or iodized water (0.7 L of water) or kelp (18.47 g) as a prevention of iodine deficiency.
{"title":"Determination of the content of iodine, iodides and iodates in food products","authors":"E. O. Markova, D. A. Nekrasov, Michael Yu. Dyakov, A.A. Danilov","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-373-381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-373-381","url":null,"abstract":"Currently iodine deficiency diseases are one of the most important medical and social problems. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to determine the content of iodine, iodides, iodates in iodized salt, drinking and mineral water, seaweed, to determine the stability of the iodine content in salt. For the qualitative determination of iodides and iodates ions in salts and molecular iodine in seaweed, an iodine starch reaction has been carried out. The presence of iodide ions in iodized water has been determined by reaction with silver nitrate and chlorine water, the iodine released has been extracted with chloroform. Quantitative determination of iodine in salt has been carried out by the titrimetric method, in water – by colorimetric method, in seaweed – by gravimetric method with subsequent titration. The study has found that iodized salt contains iodine in the form of potassium iodate, in an amount of 18.65 μg / g of elemental iodine, kelp contains molecular iodine in the amount of 8.12 μg / g of elemental iodine, and iodized water contains potassium iodide in the amount of 0.327 μg / ml of elemental iodine. The study has proved that over time, the amount of iodine in the salt iodized with potassium iodate decreases after a month by 5.6 times. In order to comply with the daily rate of iodine intake, it is necessary to include in your diet about 9.7 g of iodized salt, which exceeds the daily norm of its consumption in 5 g. In this regard, it is recommended to use iodized salt (not more than 5 g) or iodized water (0.7 L of water) or kelp (18.47 g) as a prevention of iodine deficiency.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82288666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-382-389
Lyudmila M. Razuvayeva, Alexandra D. Fomina, T. M. Makhova, A. I. Arzhanukhina, S. Doronin
A comparative evaluation of the sorption capacity of synthetic and natural sorbents with respect to phenol and some of its derivatives has been carried out. Electrospun nanofibers based on polyamide-6 (PA-6) were obtained under optimal conditions from a spinning solution of a polymer dissolved in a mixture of formic and acetic acids. The preparation of the clay mineral by the sieve method has been carried out, while the enriched fraction of glauconite (200–500 microns) has been isolated. The morphology of unmodified nanofibers, as well as glauconite, has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Preliminary experiments showed low efficiency of sorption of phenol and some of its nitro- and chlorine derivatives by the sorbents used in this work. To improve the sorption characteristics, the method of derivatization of initialanalytes by diazotization and azo coupling reactions has been used. The concentrations of magneson I (nitrophenylazo-derivative of resorcinol) have been determined spectrophotometrically using a calibration dependence in the range of magneson I molar concentrations from 3·10-6 to 2·10-5 mol/l. The sorption capacity of glauconite from the Saratov region (Beloozerskoye deposit) and synthetic nanofibers based on PA-6 with respect to magneson I has been studied. The effect of pH on the sorption efficiency of magnezone I by glauconite and nanofibers based on PA-6 has been evaluated, in addition, the extraction coefficients of magnezone I by these sorbents have been calculated, which were in the range of 88–100% at optimal pH (≈3–6). The experiments performed on a model compound, magnesone I, led to the conclusion about the potential possibility of using glauconite from the Beloozerskoye deposit in the Saratov region and nanofibers based on polyamide-6 for the extraction of phenols in the form of their azo derivatives from various waters.
{"title":"Solid-phase sorbents based on synthetic nanofibers and glauconite for extracting magneson I from aqueous media","authors":"Lyudmila M. Razuvayeva, Alexandra D. Fomina, T. M. Makhova, A. I. Arzhanukhina, S. Doronin","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-382-389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-382-389","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative evaluation of the sorption capacity of synthetic and natural sorbents with respect to phenol and some of its derivatives has been carried out. Electrospun nanofibers based on polyamide-6 (PA-6) were obtained under optimal conditions from a spinning solution of a polymer dissolved in a mixture of formic and acetic acids. The preparation of the clay mineral by the sieve method has been carried out, while the enriched fraction of glauconite (200–500 microns) has been isolated. The morphology of unmodified nanofibers, as well as glauconite, has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Preliminary experiments showed low efficiency of sorption of phenol and some of its nitro- and chlorine derivatives by the sorbents used in this work. To improve the sorption characteristics, the method of derivatization of initialanalytes by diazotization and azo coupling reactions has been used. The concentrations of magneson I (nitrophenylazo-derivative of resorcinol) have been determined spectrophotometrically using a calibration dependence in the range of magneson I molar concentrations from 3·10-6 to 2·10-5 mol/l. The sorption capacity of glauconite from the Saratov region (Beloozerskoye deposit) and synthetic nanofibers based on PA-6 with respect to magneson I has been studied. The effect of pH on the sorption efficiency of magnezone I by glauconite and nanofibers based on PA-6 has been evaluated, in addition, the extraction coefficients of magnezone I by these sorbents have been calculated, which were in the range of 88–100% at optimal pH (≈3–6). The experiments performed on a model compound, magnesone I, led to the conclusion about the potential possibility of using glauconite from the Beloozerskoye deposit in the Saratov region and nanofibers based on polyamide-6 for the extraction of phenols in the form of their azo derivatives from various waters.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87612534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-437-444
S. Shevchenko, A. A. Korostylev, O. Shevchuk
The paper presents the results of the study of the biological features of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (awned orthosiphon) in open ground conditions on the Southern Coast of the Crimea and in a greenhouse. Features of flowering, structure of male and female generative structures are revealed. It has been established that when grown in open ground against the background of regular artificial irrigation, active growth and development of Orthosiphon aristatus is observed at a minimum air temperature not lower than +15 °C and a soil surface temperature not lower than +10 °C. Mass flowering falls on the 2nd–3nd decade of August. At this time, the air temperature is +25 °C. On average, the duration of flowering of one plant is 25–40 days. In the structure of the flower of O. aristatus, the phenomenon of hercogamy is observed, which promotes cross-pollination. Sporogenic tissue in microsporangium is represented by one, very rarely two, rows of large cells with a clearly defined nucleus and nucleolus. Pollen grains are 3-celled, most of them are sterile. The ovule of O. aristatus is anatropic, unitegmal and media-nucellar, the vascular bundle reaches chalase and the integumental tapetum is clearly expressed. The maturation of male and female gametes does not coincide in time, protandry is observed. The end of flowering of O. aristatus falls at the end of September – the beginning of October. In September, in protected ground conditions, slight seed formation is possible.
{"title":"Features of the developmental biology of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae) under the conditions of introduction on the Southern coast of the Crimea","authors":"S. Shevchenko, A. A. Korostylev, O. Shevchuk","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-437-444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-437-444","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the study of the biological features of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (awned orthosiphon) in open ground conditions on the Southern Coast of the Crimea and in a greenhouse. Features of flowering, structure of male and female generative structures are revealed. It has been established that when grown in open ground against the background of regular artificial irrigation, active growth and development of Orthosiphon aristatus is observed at a minimum air temperature not lower than +15 °C and a soil surface temperature not lower than +10 °C. Mass flowering falls on the 2nd–3nd decade of August. At this time, the air temperature is +25 °C. On average, the duration of flowering of one plant is 25–40 days. In the structure of the flower of O. aristatus, the phenomenon of hercogamy is observed, which promotes cross-pollination. Sporogenic tissue in microsporangium is represented by one, very rarely two, rows of large cells with a clearly defined nucleus and nucleolus. Pollen grains are 3-celled, most of them are sterile. The ovule of O. aristatus is anatropic, unitegmal and media-nucellar, the vascular bundle reaches chalase and the integumental tapetum is clearly expressed. The maturation of male and female gametes does not coincide in time, protandry is observed. The end of flowering of O. aristatus falls at the end of September – the beginning of October. In September, in protected ground conditions, slight seed formation is possible.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79879055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-474-480
A. A. Mironova, A. Sazhnev, V. Anikin
The purpose of this work was to establish the composition of the community of beetles associated with xylotrophic fungi on the territory of the Saratov city landscapes which differs from the natural forest regional ecosystems. Collections of coleoptera (imagos and larvae) were carried out in the spring-summer period 2017–2020 from fruiting bodies of various xylotrophic basidiomycetes from deciduous tree species of the city areas in the Volzhsky, Kirovsky, Frunzensky, Oktyabrsky and Zavodsky districts of the town. When collecting the material, various methods were used: manual collection, flotation method and mounted traps. Beetles were found on 129 fruiting bodies of 7 species of xylotrophic fungi. 986 beetles’ specimens of 29 species from 8 families were collected on fruiting bodies of various xylotrophic fungi. The mycetophilic beetles’ community is based on Staphylinidae (41.3%), Tenebrionidae (17.2%), Erotylidae (10.3%), Mycetophagidae (6,8%) and Ciidae (10.3%). The most typical for xylotrophic fungi were eight beetles’ species: Anotylus nitidulus (Gravenhorst, 1802), Gyrophaena joyi Wendeler, 1924 (Staphylinidae), Diaperis bolete (Linnaeus, 1758), Eledona agricola (Herbst, 1783) (Tenebrionidae), Cis comptus Gyllenhal, 1827 (Ciidae), Mycetophagus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1760) (Mycetophagidae), Dacne bipustulata (Thunberg, 1781) and D. pontica (Bedel, 1868) (Erotylidae). It has been established that three main trophic groups of Coleoptera are associated with xylotrophic fungi, among which more than 76% were specialized mycetobionts – obligate mycetophagans, for which fungi are the only or predominant food source. Over 21% accounted for the share of mixophagans and only 3% of the species complex falls on the third group – predators (zoophagous).
{"title":"Mycetophilic beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) associated with xylotrophic fungi in residential areas of Saratov city","authors":"A. A. Mironova, A. Sazhnev, V. Anikin","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-474-480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-474-480","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to establish the composition of the community of beetles associated with xylotrophic fungi on the territory of the Saratov city landscapes which differs from the natural forest regional ecosystems. Collections of coleoptera (imagos and larvae) were carried out in the spring-summer period 2017–2020 from fruiting bodies of various xylotrophic basidiomycetes from deciduous tree species of the city areas in the Volzhsky, Kirovsky, Frunzensky, Oktyabrsky and Zavodsky districts of the town. When collecting the material, various methods were used: manual collection, flotation method and mounted traps. Beetles were found on 129 fruiting bodies of 7 species of xylotrophic fungi. 986 beetles’ specimens of 29 species from 8 families were collected on fruiting bodies of various xylotrophic fungi. The mycetophilic beetles’ community is based on Staphylinidae (41.3%), Tenebrionidae (17.2%), Erotylidae (10.3%), Mycetophagidae (6,8%) and Ciidae (10.3%). The most typical for xylotrophic fungi were eight beetles’ species: Anotylus nitidulus (Gravenhorst, 1802), Gyrophaena joyi Wendeler, 1924 (Staphylinidae), Diaperis bolete (Linnaeus, 1758), Eledona agricola (Herbst, 1783) (Tenebrionidae), Cis comptus Gyllenhal, 1827 (Ciidae), Mycetophagus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1760) (Mycetophagidae), Dacne bipustulata (Thunberg, 1781) and D. pontica (Bedel, 1868) (Erotylidae). It has been established that three main trophic groups of Coleoptera are associated with xylotrophic fungi, among which more than 76% were specialized mycetobionts – obligate mycetophagans, for which fungi are the only or predominant food source. Over 21% accounted for the share of mixophagans and only 3% of the species complex falls on the third group – predators (zoophagous).","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78635492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-398-404
E. A. Ashikhmin, Ilya V. Vnukov, S. B. Romadenkina, T. V. Aniskova
Catalytic reforming is the most used method for upgrading straight-run gasolines. The trends to modernize catalytic systems so that the reforming process can be used in the industrial setting are focused on the production of catalysts with a specific set of characteristics allowing to obtain a liquid commercial product with the required operational and ecological features, in addition to increase its yield at lower temperatures. This article investigates the efficiency of the catalytic systems Pt/CVM, Pr/CVM as transformation processes of raw hydrocarbons. A high molecular weight ZSM zeolite (ZSM-5) has been used as a carrier. The raw material that has been used is a stable hydrogenate obtained through hydrotreatment, which is the main raw material of the reforming process. The octane number of the hydrogenate is 63, which is not acceptable for automobile gasolines. The transformation of the crude material results in the production of liquid fuel made up of multiple components and carbon atoms in a chain ranging from 3 to 14 atoms, as well as gases containing hydrocarbons С1 – С5. In this work, the transformation of a stable hydrogenate on the catalysts under investigation has showed that temperature increase results in a higher octane number and aromatic content. It has been determined that temperature increase results in the reduction of the effects of the isomerization reaction, with a subsequent decrease in isoparaffinic content. With a transformation of a stable hydrogenate on the catalyst Pt/СVM at temperature of 400°С, the benzene content amounts to 0,8 wt. %, which corresponds to the EURO-5 automobile gasoline standard.
{"title":"Transformation of stable hydrogenate on catalytic systems Pt/CVM, Pr/CVM","authors":"E. A. Ashikhmin, Ilya V. Vnukov, S. B. Romadenkina, T. V. Aniskova","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-398-404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-4-398-404","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic reforming is the most used method for upgrading straight-run gasolines. The trends to modernize catalytic systems so that the reforming process can be used in the industrial setting are focused on the production of catalysts with a specific set of characteristics allowing to obtain a liquid commercial product with the required operational and ecological features, in addition to increase its yield at lower temperatures. This article investigates the efficiency of the catalytic systems Pt/CVM, Pr/CVM as transformation processes of raw hydrocarbons. A high molecular weight ZSM zeolite (ZSM-5) has been used as a carrier. The raw material that has been used is a stable hydrogenate obtained through hydrotreatment, which is the main raw material of the reforming process. The octane number of the hydrogenate is 63, which is not acceptable for automobile gasolines. The transformation of the crude material results in the production of liquid fuel made up of multiple components and carbon atoms in a chain ranging from 3 to 14 atoms, as well as gases containing hydrocarbons С1 – С5. In this work, the transformation of a stable hydrogenate on the catalysts under investigation has showed that temperature increase results in a higher octane number and aromatic content. It has been determined that temperature increase results in the reduction of the effects of the isomerization reaction, with a subsequent decrease in isoparaffinic content. With a transformation of a stable hydrogenate on the catalyst Pt/СVM at temperature of 400°С, the benzene content amounts to 0,8 wt. %, which corresponds to the EURO-5 automobile gasoline standard.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"93 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87662502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-262-266
O. Y. Tsvetkova, N. D. Zhukov, T. D. Smirnova, S. N. Shtykov
The synthesis of colloidal quantum dots of mercury selenide using mercury oxide as a precursor is proposed. The proposed method is characterized by the use of a less toxic component in the reaction mixture - mercury oxide. The transmission electron microscopy method established an average diameter of 5–6 nm and the shape of quantum dots. A histogram of the size distribution of synthesized nanoparticles is presented. An important property of the synthesized nanoparticles is the crystal structure established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The established properties of the synthesized nanocrystals coincide with the literature data. The elemental composition of the nanoparticles was controlled by X-ray microanalysis. It is established that the chemical composition of quantum dots corresponds to the stoichiometric ratio of Hg elements : Se = 0,98 : 1,00. In addition, it follows from the X-ray that the oxygen content has been identified in silicon and carbon compounds, HgSe-based quantum dots do not contain traces of oxidation. The optical properties of quantum dots depend on the size of the nanoparticles. If the average diameter does not exceed 10 nm, mercury selenide particles are characterized by a monocrystalline structure with intraband absorption, the spectral energy distribution of which is subjected to dimensional quantization. As can be seen from the absorption spectra, the synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by absorption bands in the IR region, in the wavelength range up to 40 microns. The synthesized quantum dots do not possess luminescent properties, which, according to the literature data, is associated with a low probability of exciton formation for small nanoparticles (5–6 nm).
{"title":"Synthesis and some properties of colloidal quantum dots of mercury selenide","authors":"O. Y. Tsvetkova, N. D. Zhukov, T. D. Smirnova, S. N. Shtykov","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-262-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-262-266","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of colloidal quantum dots of mercury selenide using mercury oxide as a precursor is proposed. The proposed method is characterized by the use of a less toxic component in the reaction mixture - mercury oxide. The transmission electron microscopy method established an average diameter of 5–6 nm and the shape of quantum dots. A histogram of the size distribution of synthesized nanoparticles is presented. An important property of the synthesized nanoparticles is the crystal structure established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The established properties of the synthesized nanocrystals coincide with the literature data. The elemental composition of the nanoparticles was controlled by X-ray microanalysis. It is established that the chemical composition of quantum dots corresponds to the stoichiometric ratio of Hg elements : Se = 0,98 : 1,00. In addition, it follows from the X-ray that the oxygen content has been identified in silicon and carbon compounds, HgSe-based quantum dots do not contain traces of oxidation. The optical properties of quantum dots depend on the size of the nanoparticles. If the average diameter does not exceed 10 nm, mercury selenide particles are characterized by a monocrystalline structure with intraband absorption, the spectral energy distribution of which is subjected to dimensional quantization. As can be seen from the absorption spectra, the synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by absorption bands in the IR region, in the wavelength range up to 40 microns. The synthesized quantum dots do not possess luminescent properties, which, according to the literature data, is associated with a low probability of exciton formation for small nanoparticles (5–6 nm).","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75861679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-337-345
E. Oleynikova, Оlga M. Koltsova, E. Mateyev, Sylushash Z. Mateyeva, Mukhammadjon M. Mirsaidov
The features of the development of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in regions that are significantly remote geographically and differ sharply in environmental and climatic conditions – Central Asia (Republic of Tajikistan, Sughd region; Republic of Kazakhstan, Zhambyl region) and the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation (Voronezh region). A comparative analysis of the development of C. tinctorius individuals in different geographical conditions showed that the ontomorphogenesis of the species was not very variable and proceeded in the same way in all these regions. However, a significant difference was found in the timing of the onset of phenophases, which is due to different timing of crop sowing and climatic features of the regions. A soil-ecological assessment of the growing conditions of safflower was carried out, the physicochemical properties and agrochemical characteristics of soils in experimental plots in various geographical zones were identified. The absence of a toxic allelopathic effect of the crop on the soils of agrocenoses in central Russia was shown. The potential introduction of the crop into the conditions of the Central Chernobyl Region of the Russian Federation has been established, since when grown in the Voronezh region, the complete ontogenesis of the species is occurred and the formation of full-fledged achenes took place. It has been established that C. tinctorius has a wide adaptive mechanism, which is based on the characteristics of the biology and ecology of the species.
{"title":"Soil-ecological assessment of safflower growing conditions (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the Central Black Earth region of Russia and Central Asia","authors":"E. Oleynikova, Оlga M. Koltsova, E. Mateyev, Sylushash Z. Mateyeva, Mukhammadjon M. Mirsaidov","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-337-345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-337-345","url":null,"abstract":"The features of the development of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in regions that are significantly remote geographically and differ sharply in environmental and climatic conditions – Central Asia (Republic of Tajikistan, Sughd region; Republic of Kazakhstan, Zhambyl region) and the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation (Voronezh region). A comparative analysis of the development of C. tinctorius individuals in different geographical conditions showed that the ontomorphogenesis of the species was not very variable and proceeded in the same way in all these regions. However, a significant difference was found in the timing of the onset of phenophases, which is due to different timing of crop sowing and climatic features of the regions. A soil-ecological assessment of the growing conditions of safflower was carried out, the physicochemical properties and agrochemical characteristics of soils in experimental plots in various geographical zones were identified. The absence of a toxic allelopathic effect of the crop on the soils of agrocenoses in central Russia was shown. The potential introduction of the crop into the conditions of the Central Chernobyl Region of the Russian Federation has been established, since when grown in the Voronezh region, the complete ontogenesis of the species is occurred and the formation of full-fledged achenes took place. It has been established that C. tinctorius has a wide adaptive mechanism, which is based on the characteristics of the biology and ecology of the species.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89033018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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