Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-346-350
N. M. Poverenniy, V. Anikin
The article presents data on the new location of scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus in the Orenburg Nature Reserve. The aim of the work is to determine the species on the basis of the identified morphological features of populations living in the Southern Urals (the territory of the Orenburg Nature Reserve, Orenburg region, Kuvandyksky Mountains. the district, the vicinity of Aituar village) and phylogenetic relationships with populations living on the territory of the Lower Volga region (Krasnoarmeysky district of the Saratov region, Kamyshinsky district of the Volgograd region, Akhtubinsky district of the Astrakhan region) based on a comparison of nucleotide sequences of COI gene fragments. DNA was isolated from metasomal segments and sequenced using the Sanger reaction. Multiple analysis was performed using the tools of the MEGA X software package. The data obtained by the authors in the course of their work contribute to the development of ideas about phylogenetic relationships between populations of scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus living in the Palearctic in the territories of the Sakhar-Gobi and Scythian steppe regions. In the course of the study, specific morphological features were identified for the Orenburg scorpion population, such as: the number of pectin teeth, the color of the chelicerae of the shell and tergite; the shape of the telson. Thus, the data obtained during the multiple analysis of the decoded DNA sequences confirm the presence of closely related links between the Lower Volga and South Ural scorpion populations. The distinctive features identified during morphological analysis are of interest for further comparative morphological studies in the framework of studying the phylogeny of the genus Mesobuthus.
{"title":"Phylogenetic relationships of scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus (Vachon, 1950) from the Lower Volga and Southern Urals","authors":"N. M. Poverenniy, V. Anikin","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-346-350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-346-350","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data on the new location of scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus in the Orenburg Nature Reserve. The aim of the work is to determine the species on the basis of the identified morphological features of populations living in the Southern Urals (the territory of the Orenburg Nature Reserve, Orenburg region, Kuvandyksky Mountains. the district, the vicinity of Aituar village) and phylogenetic relationships with populations living on the territory of the Lower Volga region (Krasnoarmeysky district of the Saratov region, Kamyshinsky district of the Volgograd region, Akhtubinsky district of the Astrakhan region) based on a comparison of nucleotide sequences of COI gene fragments. DNA was isolated from metasomal segments and sequenced using the Sanger reaction. Multiple analysis was performed using the tools of the MEGA X software package. The data obtained by the authors in the course of their work contribute to the development of ideas about phylogenetic relationships between populations of scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus living in the Palearctic in the territories of the Sakhar-Gobi and Scythian steppe regions. In the course of the study, specific morphological features were identified for the Orenburg scorpion population, such as: the number of pectin teeth, the color of the chelicerae of the shell and tergite; the shape of the telson. Thus, the data obtained during the multiple analysis of the decoded DNA sequences confirm the presence of closely related links between the Lower Volga and South Ural scorpion populations. The distinctive features identified during morphological analysis are of interest for further comparative morphological studies in the framework of studying the phylogeny of the genus Mesobuthus.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86470477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-161-169
A. A. Yakovleva, Thuy T. H. Nguyen
The sorption properties of some sands selected in the coastal zones of economically important, but at the same time ecologically oppressed territories of Vietnam are considered. The purpose of the research is to assess the absorption capacity of sands in relation to emulsified petroleum products, to identify their ecological role in typical situations of spillage of small amounts of toxic substances. It is shown that the sorption qualities of the sands depend on the location of the sands, their geochemical and granulometric heterogeneity. It turned out that according to the content of α-quartz, the sands used can be divided into two types with a clearly expressed correlation of sorption qualities with the mineral content. Quartz sands, represented by fine-grained pellets, have a high ability to retain oil films. Sands with a content of 10–11% (wt.) corundum are represented by larger and sharper-edged particles with lower bulk density and reduced absorption capacity. For each sand maximally saturated with gasoline components, the reaction to “rainy” or “sunny” weather has been investigated. For the first case, desorption with repeated washing with water has been carried out, in the second case, drying with heating and subsequent single passing of water through a layer of sand. It is shown that gasoline films are firmly held on sand particles during washing, but are easily removed when heated. With repeated washing of the underlying layers, it reaches about a quarter of the initial gasoline content in the emulsion, which is filtered through sand. When drying with heating, up to a quarter of volatile hydrocarbons are dispersed from the sands, while an insignificant amount of organic matter is found in the filtrates.
{"title":"Evaluation of the sorption properties of coastal sands in relation to emulsified petroleum products","authors":"A. A. Yakovleva, Thuy T. H. Nguyen","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-161-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-161-169","url":null,"abstract":"The sorption properties of some sands selected in the coastal zones of economically important, but at the same time ecologically oppressed territories of Vietnam are considered. The purpose of the research is to assess the absorption capacity of sands in relation to emulsified petroleum products, to identify their ecological role in typical situations of spillage of small amounts of toxic substances. It is shown that the sorption qualities of the sands depend on the location of the sands, their geochemical and granulometric heterogeneity. It turned out that according to the content of α-quartz, the sands used can be divided into two types with a clearly expressed correlation of sorption qualities with the mineral content. Quartz sands, represented by fine-grained pellets, have a high ability to retain oil films. Sands with a content of 10–11% (wt.) corundum are represented by larger and sharper-edged particles with lower bulk density and reduced absorption capacity. For each sand maximally saturated with gasoline components, the reaction to “rainy” or “sunny” weather has been investigated. For the first case, desorption with repeated washing with water has been carried out, in the second case, drying with heating and subsequent single passing of water through a layer of sand. It is shown that gasoline films are firmly held on sand particles during washing, but are easily removed when heated. With repeated washing of the underlying layers, it reaches about a quarter of the initial gasoline content in the emulsion, which is filtered through sand. When drying with heating, up to a quarter of volatile hydrocarbons are dispersed from the sands, while an insignificant amount of organic matter is found in the filtrates.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73381250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-128-132
I. V. Kanevskaya, A. Ivanova, N. Pchelintseva, O. V. Fedotova
Approaches to the design of new hybrid polyoxaheterocyclic compounds based on the interaction of 2-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-3,4- dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one with methylene active compounds of the 2H-chromen-2-one series – 3 -(1,3-dioxobutan-1-yl)-2H-chromen- 2-one and 4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one, as well as their carbocyclic analogue – 1,3-indanedione under various conditions have been considered. It has been revealed for the first time that during the reaction of the studied chalcone with 3-acetoacetyl-2H-chromen-2-one in a piperidine medium, followed by treatment with acetic acid, the hybrid acetate 7-(4-carboxyphenyl)-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-6H-benzo[h] chromeno[3,2-b]xanthylium is formed. It has been found that the formation of such a hybrid structure with the participation of 1,3-indanedione in the Michael condensation as the methylene component under similar conditions is not possible. In this case, the competitive nucleophilic addition of piperidine at the arylidene fragment with the formation of 4-((1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxonaphthalen-2-yl)(piperidin- 1-yl)-methyl)benzoic acid is predominant. It has been shown that the condensed adduct of arylidene dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one with 1,3-indanedione arises by refluxing the reagents in pyridine. The use of hydrochloric acid in the isolation of the reaction product contributes to the aromatization of the resulting dihydrochromene ring, which ultimately leads to the chloride 7-(4-carboxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydro- 5H-benzo[h]indeno[1,2- b] chromen-13-ilium. A similar trend is observed when 4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one is introduced into the transformation under study. It has been found for the first time that when the reaction is carried out in glacial acetic acid with the addition of piperidine as a catalyst, the latter also acts as an azanucleophile and competitively binds to the reaction center of the substrate. Replacing the solvent with pyridine leads to the formation of a hybrid system, 4-(6-oxo-8,9-dihydro-6H,7H-benzo[h]chromeno[4,3-b]chromen-7-yl)- benzoic acid. In this case, salt formation after treatment with hydrochloric acid is not observed. Thus, in the course of the study, a new synthetic approach to the formation of hybrid chromene, xanthene systems has been considered. The observed salt formation can be the factor in increasing the bioavailability of newly synthesized compounds.
{"title":"Michael condensation of 2-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one with methylene active compounds in the targeted synthesis of O-heterocyclic hybrid systems","authors":"I. V. Kanevskaya, A. Ivanova, N. Pchelintseva, O. V. Fedotova","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-128-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-128-132","url":null,"abstract":"Approaches to the design of new hybrid polyoxaheterocyclic compounds based on the interaction of 2-(4-carboxybenzylidene)-3,4- dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one with methylene active compounds of the 2H-chromen-2-one series – 3 -(1,3-dioxobutan-1-yl)-2H-chromen- 2-one and 4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one, as well as their carbocyclic analogue – 1,3-indanedione under various conditions have been considered. It has been revealed for the first time that during the reaction of the studied chalcone with 3-acetoacetyl-2H-chromen-2-one in a piperidine medium, followed by treatment with acetic acid, the hybrid acetate 7-(4-carboxyphenyl)-8-oxo-5,8-dihydro-6H-benzo[h] chromeno[3,2-b]xanthylium is formed. It has been found that the formation of such a hybrid structure with the participation of 1,3-indanedione in the Michael condensation as the methylene component under similar conditions is not possible. In this case, the competitive nucleophilic addition of piperidine at the arylidene fragment with the formation of 4-((1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxonaphthalen-2-yl)(piperidin- 1-yl)-methyl)benzoic acid is predominant. It has been shown that the condensed adduct of arylidene dihydronaphthalene-1(2H)-one with 1,3-indanedione arises by refluxing the reagents in pyridine. The use of hydrochloric acid in the isolation of the reaction product contributes to the aromatization of the resulting dihydrochromene ring, which ultimately leads to the chloride 7-(4-carboxyphenyl)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydro- 5H-benzo[h]indeno[1,2- b] chromen-13-ilium. A similar trend is observed when 4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one is introduced into the transformation under study. It has been found for the first time that when the reaction is carried out in glacial acetic acid with the addition of piperidine as a catalyst, the latter also acts as an azanucleophile and competitively binds to the reaction center of the substrate. Replacing the solvent with pyridine leads to the formation of a hybrid system, 4-(6-oxo-8,9-dihydro-6H,7H-benzo[h]chromeno[4,3-b]chromen-7-yl)- benzoic acid. In this case, salt formation after treatment with hydrochloric acid is not observed. Thus, in the course of the study, a new synthetic approach to the formation of hybrid chromene, xanthene systems has been considered. The observed salt formation can be the factor in increasing the bioavailability of newly synthesized compounds.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"407 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86142768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-187-192
O. Gutorova, Sergey A. Zaitsev
The article presents the results of studying the combination ability of new dihaploid maize lines created by diploidization of haploid plants obtained using a haploinducer line. The experiment involved simple hybrids (30 combinations) obtained according to the complete diallel scheme of 6 homozygous lines. The effects of GCA and variance of SCA lines, as well as the components of genetic variance in terms of the main morphometric parameters of the plant (stem length, ear height, panicle length, stem diameter, plant leaf surface area) were revealed. Lines with a high GCA score and a dispersion of SCA have been identified, which are advisable to use in the breeding process for tall stature, resistance to lodging, and manufacturability. The influence of overdominance in the manifestation of the length of the panicle and the diameter of the stem and the predominance of additive effects in the formation of the height of the cob were noted. Analysis of the components made it possible to identify the number of genes or groups of genes that influenced the manifestation of traits in 2021 (stem length – 1–2, ear height – 2–3, panicle length – 1–2, stem diameter – 2–3, area of leaf surface – 1–2). Dominance according to the studied parameters is directed towards parental forms with a greater severity of the trait. A significant influence of cultivation conditions on the manifestation of the length of the stem, the height of the cob, the length of the panicle, and the diameter of the stem was noted.
{"title":"Combination ability of corn lines and genetic control of morphometric parameters","authors":"O. Gutorova, Sergey A. Zaitsev","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-187-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-187-192","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studying the combination ability of new dihaploid maize lines created by diploidization of haploid plants obtained using a haploinducer line. The experiment involved simple hybrids (30 combinations) obtained according to the complete diallel scheme of 6 homozygous lines. The effects of GCA and variance of SCA lines, as well as the components of genetic variance in terms of the main morphometric parameters of the plant (stem length, ear height, panicle length, stem diameter, plant leaf surface area) were revealed. Lines with a high GCA score and a dispersion of SCA have been identified, which are advisable to use in the breeding process for tall stature, resistance to lodging, and manufacturability. The influence of overdominance in the manifestation of the length of the panicle and the diameter of the stem and the predominance of additive effects in the formation of the height of the cob were noted. Analysis of the components made it possible to identify the number of genes or groups of genes that influenced the manifestation of traits in 2021 (stem length – 1–2, ear height – 2–3, panicle length – 1–2, stem diameter – 2–3, area of leaf surface – 1–2). Dominance according to the studied parameters is directed towards parental forms with a greater severity of the trait. A significant influence of cultivation conditions on the manifestation of the length of the stem, the height of the cob, the length of the panicle, and the diameter of the stem was noted.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83875050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-133-141
R. K. Mursalov, E. G. Kulapina, N. Burmistrova, Anastasia I. Voevodina
The transport processes occurring in polymer matrix characterize their physico-chemical properties, determine the directions of practical application. The literature data on ion transport in plasticized polymer membranes and theoretical aspects of membrane transport are critically reviewed. The effect of the modifier on the transport properties of membranes is shown. The article shows the possibility of implementing a new amoxicillin-selective plasticized membrane ([Ag(Amox)2]DMDSA), which includes a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) – polyaniline nanotubes (PANI NT), which are of particular interest as modifiers of sensory and membrane compositions. The transport properties of unmodified and modified polyaniline nanotubes of plasticized polyvinyl chloride membranes have been studied. The effect of the concentration of near-membrane aqueous solutions of antibiotics, modifier on transport properties has been established. Quantitative characteristics of membrane transport are estimated: permeability coefficient and ion flux.
{"title":"Transport properties of unmodified and modified polyaniline nanotubes of amoxicillin-selective membranes","authors":"R. K. Mursalov, E. G. Kulapina, N. Burmistrova, Anastasia I. Voevodina","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-133-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-133-141","url":null,"abstract":"The transport processes occurring in polymer matrix characterize their physico-chemical properties, determine the directions of practical application. The literature data on ion transport in plasticized polymer membranes and theoretical aspects of membrane transport are critically reviewed. The effect of the modifier on the transport properties of membranes is shown. The article shows the possibility of implementing a new amoxicillin-selective plasticized membrane ([Ag(Amox)2]DMDSA), which includes a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) – polyaniline nanotubes (PANI NT), which are of particular interest as modifiers of sensory and membrane compositions. The transport properties of unmodified and modified polyaniline nanotubes of plasticized polyvinyl chloride membranes have been studied. The effect of the concentration of near-membrane aqueous solutions of antibiotics, modifier on transport properties has been established. Quantitative characteristics of membrane transport are estimated: permeability coefficient and ion flux.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73838104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-177-186
L. Gerasimovich
The article presents the results of a long-term introduction of Tulipa sylvestris L. in the SB RAS Central Botanical Garden collection. Plants of the species T. sylvestris bloom abundantly and have a reproductive factor of 1–2 for the daughter bulbs. It was found that the short phase of flowering is characterized by smooth temperature changes, the most dramatic for a long period. We also established a direct dependence of the duration of the flowering period on the amount of precipitation during this period, the correlation coefficient was 0,7. Under the conditions of the CSBG, the species introduced T. sylvestris increased the parameters of the morphometric characters and decreased the indicators of an important decorative feature – the length of the petal. The number of days with of temperatures above zero and the number of sunny days have a significant impact on the quantity and parameters of vegetative organs. The amount of precipitation has a positive effect on the length of the anther, thus increasing the length of the stamen. The length of the filament and the height of the goblet also depend on the number of sunny days. The result can be considered an assessment of the success of the introduction, which for individuals of the species T. sylvestris was six points out of seven. The evaluation of resistance to introduction showed that plants of this species can be considered highly resistant in cultivation.
{"title":"Tulipa sylvestris L. in the collection of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the SB RAS","authors":"L. Gerasimovich","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-177-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-177-186","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a long-term introduction of Tulipa sylvestris L. in the SB RAS Central Botanical Garden collection. Plants of the species T. sylvestris bloom abundantly and have a reproductive factor of 1–2 for the daughter bulbs. It was found that the short phase of flowering is characterized by smooth temperature changes, the most dramatic for a long period. We also established a direct dependence of the duration of the flowering period on the amount of precipitation during this period, the correlation coefficient was 0,7. Under the conditions of the CSBG, the species introduced T. sylvestris increased the parameters of the morphometric characters and decreased the indicators of an important decorative feature – the length of the petal. The number of days with of temperatures above zero and the number of sunny days have a significant impact on the quantity and parameters of vegetative organs. The amount of precipitation has a positive effect on the length of the anther, thus increasing the length of the stamen. The length of the filament and the height of the goblet also depend on the number of sunny days. The result can be considered an assessment of the success of the introduction, which for individuals of the species T. sylvestris was six points out of seven. The evaluation of resistance to introduction showed that plants of this species can be considered highly resistant in cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81954855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-150-160
S. L. Shmakov, T. Bayburdov, A. Shipovskaya, M. Suska-Malawska, S. Rogacheva
Unlike antibiotics and heavy metals, nucleic acids exist in the aquatic environment as a part of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.) rather than in a free form. In this regard, the most important primary stage of sample preparation of an object for the quantitative analysis of DNA and RNA in natural and wastewaters includes membrane ultrafiltration of an aqueous sample, followed by its sorption preconcentration on a solid phase carrier. The efficiency of ultrafiltration and subsequent sorption of nucleic acids from natural and wastewaters largely depends on the material of filters, membranes, and sorbents. Polymeric materials are widely used due to their special properties: the affinity of polymers for biological objects, the ability to create pores of any required size, good mechanical properties and resistance to the extraction of microorganisms captured. The paper reviews the 15-year-old scientific literature on filtering, membrane and sorption polymeric materials used to extract nucleic acids from aqueous media and preserve them. Polymeric sorbents for collecting and concentrating DNA and RNA from the liquid phase, as well as storing nucleic acids, are covered. It has been found that ultrafiltration is used at a relatively low concentration of the analyzed object, followed by extraction of the substance using commercially available kits, including cartridges. Sorption (solid-phase concentration) is used to extract nucleic acids at their relatively high concentration in the analyte. The main polymeric materials used include cellulose and its derivatives (nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, mixed cellulose nitrate–acetate, diethylaminoethylcellulose, polyethyleneiminocellulose), agarose, dextran, polyestersulfone, polycarbonate, fluoroplasts, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, polyaramids, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyaniline, polycaprolactone, polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamide, polystyrene. Chitosan, modified polycaprolactone, and magnetic particles coated with polydopamine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, or polyamidoamine dendrimer are considered as promising polymers for further research in this field.
{"title":"Prospects for the use of polymer-containing materials and sorbents for membrane ultrafiltration, sorption and concentration of nucleic acids from aqueous media. A review","authors":"S. L. Shmakov, T. Bayburdov, A. Shipovskaya, M. Suska-Malawska, S. Rogacheva","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-150-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-150-160","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike antibiotics and heavy metals, nucleic acids exist in the aquatic environment as a part of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.) rather than in a free form. In this regard, the most important primary stage of sample preparation of an object for the quantitative analysis of DNA and RNA in natural and wastewaters includes membrane ultrafiltration of an aqueous sample, followed by its sorption preconcentration on a solid phase carrier. The efficiency of ultrafiltration and subsequent sorption of nucleic acids from natural and wastewaters largely depends on the material of filters, membranes, and sorbents. Polymeric materials are widely used due to their special properties: the affinity of polymers for biological objects, the ability to create pores of any required size, good mechanical properties and resistance to the extraction of microorganisms captured. The paper reviews the 15-year-old scientific literature on filtering, membrane and sorption polymeric materials used to extract nucleic acids from aqueous media and preserve them. Polymeric sorbents for collecting and concentrating DNA and RNA from the liquid phase, as well as storing nucleic acids, are covered. It has been found that ultrafiltration is used at a relatively low concentration of the analyzed object, followed by extraction of the substance using commercially available kits, including cartridges. Sorption (solid-phase concentration) is used to extract nucleic acids at their relatively high concentration in the analyte. The main polymeric materials used include cellulose and its derivatives (nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, mixed cellulose nitrate–acetate, diethylaminoethylcellulose, polyethyleneiminocellulose), agarose, dextran, polyestersulfone, polycarbonate, fluoroplasts, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, polyaramids, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyaniline, polycaprolactone, polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamide, polystyrene. Chitosan, modified polycaprolactone, and magnetic particles coated with polydopamine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, or polyamidoamine dendrimer are considered as promising polymers for further research in this field.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89670463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-122-127
Tatiana V. Inshina, Aleksey G. Golikov
In this work, the interaction of diarylmethylidene piperidones with acetylacetone and acetoacetic ester has been studied. It has been shown that the transition to piperidone in the basis of dienone does not allow the selective synthesis of products. It has been found that the direction of the reaction with 1,3-C,C-dinucleophilic reagents is influenced by the nature of peripheral ylidene substituents, which allows targeted synthesis of O-heterocyclization products (hexahydropyranopyridines) by introducing an NO2 group into the arylmethylidene fragment. Previously unknown substituted deca(octa)hydro(xanthenes)cyclopentachromenes have been synthesized. It has been established that the interaction of diarylmethylidenecyclanones with cyclohexa(penta)ne under conditions of mild basic catalysis (piperidine) proceeds nonselectively, the size of the cycle in the base of the initial substrate plays an important role, and the reaction products are always a mixture of substances (two or more). Based on the experimental data obtained, a scheme has been proposed for the formation of hydroxanthene and hydrocyclopentachromene fragments of the resulting products. It has been found that, while maintaining the general direction of the reaction, the determining role in the structure of the products is played by the size of the cycle (С5,С6) in the basis of the initial substrates. Six-membered fused fragments promote enolization and intramolecular O-heterocyclization of 1,5-diketone with the formation of polycyclic systems. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and one-dimensional, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
本文研究了二芳基甲基哌啶酮与乙酰丙酮和乙酰乙酸酯的相互作用。研究表明，在二烯酮的基础上向哌啶酮的过渡不允许选择性合成产物。研究发现，与1,3- c, c -二核试剂的反应方向受外周取代基性质的影响，通过在芳基甲基片段中引入NO2基团，可以有针对性地合成o -杂环化产物(六氢吡喃吡啶)。以前未知的取代十(八)羟基(杂蒽)环五铬烯已被合成。研究表明，在温和碱催化(哌啶)条件下，二乙基甲基环酮与环己(五)炔的相互作用是非选择性进行的，初始底物中循环的大小起着重要作用，反应产物总是两种或两种以上物质的混合物。根据得到的实验数据，提出了在产物中形成羟基蒽和氢环五烯片段的方案。研究发现，在保持反应大方向的同时，在初始底物的基础上，循环的大小(С5，С6)对产物的结构起决定性作用。六元融合片段促进1,5-二酮烯醇化和分子内o杂环化，形成多环体系。合成的化合物的组成和结构已通过元素分析、红外光谱和一维、二维核磁共振谱证实。
{"title":"Synthesis and structure of polycyclic O-containing systems based on diarylmethylidenepiperidones (cyclanones)","authors":"Tatiana V. Inshina, Aleksey G. Golikov","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-122-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-122-127","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the interaction of diarylmethylidene piperidones with acetylacetone and acetoacetic ester has been studied. It has been shown that the transition to piperidone in the basis of dienone does not allow the selective synthesis of products. It has been found that the direction of the reaction with 1,3-C,C-dinucleophilic reagents is influenced by the nature of peripheral ylidene substituents, which allows targeted synthesis of O-heterocyclization products (hexahydropyranopyridines) by introducing an NO2 group into the arylmethylidene fragment. Previously unknown substituted deca(octa)hydro(xanthenes)cyclopentachromenes have been synthesized. It has been established that the interaction of diarylmethylidenecyclanones with cyclohexa(penta)ne under conditions of mild basic catalysis (piperidine) proceeds nonselectively, the size of the cycle in the base of the initial substrate plays an important role, and the reaction products are always a mixture of substances (two or more). Based on the experimental data obtained, a scheme has been proposed for the formation of hydroxanthene and hydrocyclopentachromene fragments of the resulting products. It has been found that, while maintaining the general direction of the reaction, the determining role in the structure of the products is played by the size of the cycle (С5,С6) in the basis of the initial substrates. Six-membered fused fragments promote enolization and intramolecular O-heterocyclization of 1,5-diketone with the formation of polycyclic systems. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and one-dimensional, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89742150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-193-197
V. V. Kiyashko, I. Kiyashko
The Volgograd reservoir is a highly complex hydrological system. The locations of fish watering holes, which are situated in an abyssal area of the Volgograd reservoir, have been well established for a long time. Meanwhile, fish watering holes exist in areas of the bed of the Volgograd reservoir as well. However, their determination is not always possible and is complicated due to the small size and shallow depth of the watering holes. The aim of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the species composition of fish caught in watering holes and adjacent channel areas. The results might find an application in fish farming. The studies were conducted in the 2019–2020 winter season within Krasnoyarsk floodplain of the Volgograd reservoir. Floodplain length stretches some 26 km. The width of the Krasnoyarsk floodplain is 4–10 km. The depth of the Krasnoyarsk floodplain ranges from 0.1 to 10 meters. A bathymetric survey was conducted in order to validate data concerning the depths of fish watering holes. The current changes its direction periodically within the floodplain as a result of water passing by Saratov and Volgograd hydraulic structures, thus influencing the relief of the reservoir bed due to various locations of fish watering holes. The evaluation of the species composition of ichtyocoenosis was conducted using test fisheries and assessment of fish caught by recreational fishers. We assessed 19 fish species in the Krasnoyarsk floodplain of the Volgograd reservoir during the winter season using all fishing techniques. The conducted analysis of the Shannon diversity index within the watering holes and adjacent areas allows confirmation that all of the studied holes are active and serve as fish gathering places during the winter period. This study will allow the development of recommendations for the confirmation or revision of the status of fish watering holes in any subsequent study of bodies of water. That will facilitate the preservation of fish resources.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the species composition of ichthyofauna of fish watering holes and adjacent channel areas of the Krasnoyarsk floodplain of the Volgograd reservoir","authors":"V. V. Kiyashko, I. Kiyashko","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-193-197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-193-197","url":null,"abstract":"The Volgograd reservoir is a highly complex hydrological system. The locations of fish watering holes, which are situated in an abyssal area of the Volgograd reservoir, have been well established for a long time. Meanwhile, fish watering holes exist in areas of the bed of the Volgograd reservoir as well. However, their determination is not always possible and is complicated due to the small size and shallow depth of the watering holes. The aim of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the species composition of fish caught in watering holes and adjacent channel areas. The results might find an application in fish farming. The studies were conducted in the 2019–2020 winter season within Krasnoyarsk floodplain of the Volgograd reservoir. Floodplain length stretches some 26 km. The width of the Krasnoyarsk floodplain is 4–10 km. The depth of the Krasnoyarsk floodplain ranges from 0.1 to 10 meters. A bathymetric survey was conducted in order to validate data concerning the depths of fish watering holes. The current changes its direction periodically within the floodplain as a result of water passing by Saratov and Volgograd hydraulic structures, thus influencing the relief of the reservoir bed due to various locations of fish watering holes. The evaluation of the species composition of ichtyocoenosis was conducted using test fisheries and assessment of fish caught by recreational fishers. We assessed 19 fish species in the Krasnoyarsk floodplain of the Volgograd reservoir during the winter season using all fishing techniques. The conducted analysis of the Shannon diversity index within the watering holes and adjacent areas allows confirmation that all of the studied holes are active and serve as fish gathering places during the winter period. This study will allow the development of recommendations for the confirmation or revision of the status of fish watering holes in any subsequent study of bodies of water. That will facilitate the preservation of fish resources.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74201294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-215-225
M. Kanevsky, Vladislav Menukhov, I. Kosheleva, A. Y. Kostritsky, I. V. Kanevskaya, S. Konnova
Due to the small number of studies on the role of coumarins in associative symbiotic relationships, some aspects of the influence of synthetic coumarins on the physicochemical and cultural properties of Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 were studied for the first time. To reveal the role of hydroxylation in position 7 of the fused aromatic ring – 1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)butan-1,3-dione, comparative studies of the effect of the original and hydroxylated coumarins on the culture of a model strain of azospirilla were carried out. The survival of bacteria after the addition of coumarins was studied by counting CFU on an agar medium. The biofilm formation activity of the culture was assessed using crystal violet. The change in the surface of bacteria under the action of coumarins was studied by the electrical polarizability of bacterial cells on an ELUS electrooptical analyzer (EloSystemGbR, Germany). The yield and monosaccharide composition of extracellular glycopolymers were studied using gas-liquid chromatography.For the first time, an increase in the yield of EPS of bacteria during growth in the presence of 1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2Hchromen-3-yl)butan-1,3-dione by 1.2 and 1.7 times for concentrations of 50 and 100 μM respectively was observed. It has been established for the first time that the hydroxylated substance has a higher antibacterial activity compared to the unsubstituted one. A decrease in the number of viable cells in planktonic culture and inhibition of biofilm growth were revealed. It has been shown by electro-optical analysis that the presence of coumarins in the cultivation medium in all concentrations studied leads to a change in the electrical polarizability of A. baldaniorum Sp245 cells. The use of electrooptical analysis of cell suspensions using monospecific antibodies obtained against lipopolysaccharides of this strain made it possible to reveal the absence of changes in carbohydrate antigenic determinants on the surface of bacterial cells. This is consistent with the data of the analysis of the composition of extracellular polysaccharides by GLC, during which no differences were found in the qualitative composition and ratio of monosaccharides. An increase in the yield of bacterial EPS during growth in the presence of 1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) butan-1,3-dione by 1.2 and 1.7 times for concentrations of 50 and 100 μM was shown. The results obtained allow us to consider the changes that have occurred as features of the adaptation of bacteria to the associative conditions of existence.
{"title":"Changes in the physicochemical and cultural properties of the bacteria Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 under the influence of some synthetic coumarins","authors":"M. Kanevsky, Vladislav Menukhov, I. Kosheleva, A. Y. Kostritsky, I. V. Kanevskaya, S. Konnova","doi":"10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-215-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-2-215-225","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the small number of studies on the role of coumarins in associative symbiotic relationships, some aspects of the influence of synthetic coumarins on the physicochemical and cultural properties of Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 were studied for the first time. To reveal the role of hydroxylation in position 7 of the fused aromatic ring – 1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)butan-1,3-dione, comparative studies of the effect of the original and hydroxylated coumarins on the culture of a model strain of azospirilla were carried out. The survival of bacteria after the addition of coumarins was studied by counting CFU on an agar medium. The biofilm formation activity of the culture was assessed using crystal violet. The change in the surface of bacteria under the action of coumarins was studied by the electrical polarizability of bacterial cells on an ELUS electrooptical analyzer (EloSystemGbR, Germany). The yield and monosaccharide composition of extracellular glycopolymers were studied using gas-liquid chromatography.For the first time, an increase in the yield of EPS of bacteria during growth in the presence of 1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2Hchromen-3-yl)butan-1,3-dione by 1.2 and 1.7 times for concentrations of 50 and 100 μM respectively was observed. It has been established for the first time that the hydroxylated substance has a higher antibacterial activity compared to the unsubstituted one. A decrease in the number of viable cells in planktonic culture and inhibition of biofilm growth were revealed. It has been shown by electro-optical analysis that the presence of coumarins in the cultivation medium in all concentrations studied leads to a change in the electrical polarizability of A. baldaniorum Sp245 cells. The use of electrooptical analysis of cell suspensions using monospecific antibodies obtained against lipopolysaccharides of this strain made it possible to reveal the absence of changes in carbohydrate antigenic determinants on the surface of bacterial cells. This is consistent with the data of the analysis of the composition of extracellular polysaccharides by GLC, during which no differences were found in the qualitative composition and ratio of monosaccharides. An increase in the yield of bacterial EPS during growth in the presence of 1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) butan-1,3-dione by 1.2 and 1.7 times for concentrations of 50 and 100 μM was shown. The results obtained allow us to consider the changes that have occurred as features of the adaptation of bacteria to the associative conditions of existence.","PeriodicalId":14627,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89411496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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