Abduelmenem Alashkham, Abdulrahman Alraddadi, R. Soames
For many years, there has been controversy regarding the presence of the glenohumeral ligaments; the aim of the present study was to evaluate the detailed anatomy of these ligaments. 140 shoulders were dissected and examined. The detailed anatomy of glenohumeral ligaments was recorded. Data were doubled-entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Kruskal-Wallis and one way analysis for variance on ranks tests were used: statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The superior glenohumeral ligament was present in all specimens originating from the glenoid labrum anterosuperior aspect, inserting into the lesser tubercle (mean thickness 5.06 mm). The middle glenohumeral ligament was present in 98.57% of specimens arising from the glenoid labrum anterior aspect, inserting into the lesser tubercle (mean thickness 5.97 mm). The inferior glenohumeral ligament anterior band was present in all specimens arising from the glenoid labrum anteroinferior aspect, inserting into the humeral neck anteroinferior aspect (mean thickness 4.41 mm). The inferior glenohumeral ligament posterior band was observed in 79.28% of specimens arising from the posteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labrum, inserting into the humeral neck posteroinferior aspect: its mean thickness was 3.45 mm. this study concludes that the superior glenohumeral ligament was observed in all specimens. The middle glenohumeral ligament was seen in 98.57%. An anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament was present in all specimens, while a posterior band was present in 79.28%. A tuberculohumeral ligament was seen in 54.83% of specimens. The present observations should encourage evaluation of the function of this ligament.
{"title":"Anatomy of the glenohumeral ligaments","authors":"Abduelmenem Alashkham, Abdulrahman Alraddadi, R. Soames","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24160","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, there has been controversy regarding the presence of the glenohumeral ligaments; the aim of the present study was to evaluate the detailed anatomy of these ligaments. 140 shoulders were dissected and examined. The detailed anatomy of glenohumeral ligaments was recorded. Data were doubled-entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Kruskal-Wallis and one way analysis for variance on ranks tests were used: statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The superior glenohumeral ligament was present in all specimens originating from the glenoid labrum anterosuperior aspect, inserting into the lesser tubercle (mean thickness 5.06 mm). The middle glenohumeral ligament was present in 98.57% of specimens arising from the glenoid labrum anterior aspect, inserting into the lesser tubercle (mean thickness 5.97 mm). The inferior glenohumeral ligament anterior band was present in all specimens arising from the glenoid labrum anteroinferior aspect, inserting into the humeral neck anteroinferior aspect (mean thickness 4.41 mm). The inferior glenohumeral ligament posterior band was observed in 79.28% of specimens arising from the posteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labrum, inserting into the humeral neck posteroinferior aspect: its mean thickness was 3.45 mm. this study concludes that the superior glenohumeral ligament was observed in all specimens. The middle glenohumeral ligament was seen in 98.57%. An anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament was present in all specimens, while a posterior band was present in 79.28%. A tuberculohumeral ligament was seen in 54.83% of specimens. The present observations should encourage evaluation of the function of this ligament.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"114-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-24160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alese Margaret Olutayo, O. S. Adewole, O. Ijomone, D. Ofusori, O. Alese
The study investigated the healing effects of flavonoid-rich fraction of Musa paradisiaca fruit on the gastric corpus of Wistar rats following aspirin induced-gastric lesion. Ninety adult male Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups. Gastric lesion was induced in groups B, C, D, E and F rats by administration of 400 mg/kg aspirin. After 24 hours, the extract of M. paradisiaca was administered to groups C, D and E at graded doses for 21 days. Group F rats received omeprazole at 1.8 mg/kg daily for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed on days 14, 21 and 28. Gastric tissues were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and processed by paraffin wax embedding. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff’s. There was a gradual restoration of the damaged epithelia in the treatment groups. Histomorphometric studies revealed a significant increase in the total thickness of mucosal layers in the treatment groups when compared with aspirin only group. There was a dose-dependent improvement in staining for mucins in the treatment groups. Also, the treatment groups displayed a progressively positive stain for deposition of collagen. It is concluded that M. paradisiaca significantly attenuated the damaging effects of aspirin on the gastric mucosa, probably via a mechanism involving increase in mucin secretion.
{"title":"Mucus secretion and collagen fibres integrity are compromised in aspirin induced gastric lesion; protective role of Musa paradisiaca","authors":"Alese Margaret Olutayo, O. S. Adewole, O. Ijomone, D. Ofusori, O. Alese","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24163","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the healing effects of flavonoid-rich fraction of Musa paradisiaca fruit on the gastric corpus of Wistar rats following aspirin induced-gastric lesion. Ninety adult male Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups. Gastric lesion was induced in groups B, C, D, E and F rats by administration of 400 mg/kg aspirin. After 24 hours, the extract of M. paradisiaca was administered to groups C, D and E at graded doses for 21 days. Group F rats received omeprazole at 1.8 mg/kg daily for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed on days 14, 21 and 28. Gastric tissues were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and processed by paraffin wax embedding. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff’s. There was a gradual restoration of the damaged epithelia in the treatment groups. Histomorphometric studies revealed a significant increase in the total thickness of mucosal layers in the treatment groups when compared with aspirin only group. There was a dose-dependent improvement in staining for mucins in the treatment groups. Also, the treatment groups displayed a progressively positive stain for deposition of collagen. It is concluded that M. paradisiaca significantly attenuated the damaging effects of aspirin on the gastric mucosa, probably via a mechanism involving increase in mucin secretion.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"136-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-24163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sherifi, I. Bajraktari, Sadi Bexheti, Ali Lahu, Zaim Gashi, J. Shatri
The cystic duct is known for its anatomical variability. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the anatomical variations of the cystic duct based on the number, size, and its insertion into the common hepatic duct. This study included 63 patients (32 males and 31 females). The examinations were carried out using the Siemens Type of MRCP in the Aloka Clinical Surgery Clinic in Pristina as well as at the Radiologic Clinic in the UKC University Clinical Centre of Kosova in -Prishtina. The average length of the cystic duct was 27.3 mm ranging from 10 to 54 mm. The longest cystic duct length was in patients aged 30-39 years. The average cystic duct width was 3.2 mm ranging from 2 to 6 mm. The greatest cystic width were in patients aged 20-29 years. The cystic duct in 58.7% of cases had lateral proximal insertion (males 50.0%, females 67.7%); middle lateral insertion was 11.1% (males 12.5%, females 9.7%); middle medial insertion was seen in 6.3% of males; medial distal insertion was seen in 3.2% of females; and anterior insertion was seen in 3.1% of males. In 4.8% of cases the insertion position could not be evaluated. Cystic duct anatomic variations are very important for diagnostic and therapeutic approach, because the duct is part of the Trigonum of Calot and must be handled carefully during operation.
{"title":"Anatomic variations of the cystic duct assessed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography","authors":"F. Sherifi, I. Bajraktari, Sadi Bexheti, Ali Lahu, Zaim Gashi, J. Shatri","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24165","url":null,"abstract":"The cystic duct is known for its anatomical variability. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the anatomical variations of the cystic duct based on the number, size, and its insertion into the common hepatic duct. This study included 63 patients (32 males and 31 females). The examinations were carried out using the Siemens Type of MRCP in the Aloka Clinical Surgery Clinic in Pristina as well as at the Radiologic Clinic in the UKC University Clinical Centre of Kosova in -Prishtina. The average length of the cystic duct was 27.3 mm ranging from 10 to 54 mm. The longest cystic duct length was in patients aged 30-39 years. The average cystic duct width was 3.2 mm ranging from 2 to 6 mm. The greatest cystic width were in patients aged 20-29 years. The cystic duct in 58.7% of cases had lateral proximal insertion (males 50.0%, females 67.7%); middle lateral insertion was 11.1% (males 12.5%, females 9.7%); middle medial insertion was seen in 6.3% of males; medial distal insertion was seen in 3.2% of females; and anterior insertion was seen in 3.1% of males. In 4.8% of cases the insertion position could not be evaluated. Cystic duct anatomic variations are very important for diagnostic and therapeutic approach, because the duct is part of the Trigonum of Calot and must be handled carefully during operation.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Geneti, Amenu T Wirtu, Solomon T. Hailegiorgis
Anatomical variations in the distal attachment of lower and upper limb muscles are of paramount importance in surgical and clinical practice. Reports show variations in the insertion of the fibularis longus and brevis tendon from the lateral compartment of the leg, extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius from the anterior compartment of the leg, flexor digitorium brevis from the sole of the foot and the existence of accessory muscles in the dorsum of the hand. However, reports are scanty from Ethiopia. The present study was aimed at assessing the existence of variation in the distal attachments of muscles of the lower and upper limbs in the central Ethiopia population. Twenty-two formalin fixed cadavers were used. Careful dissection, critical observation and imaging were done accordingly. We have found the presence of two tendons of extensor halluces longus in one cases, absence of the lateral tendon to the 5thdigit of the flexor digitorum brevis of the sole of the foot in another case and the presence of the accessory extensor indicis muscle on the dorsum of the hand in a third case. These variations are important owing to the use of the tendons in tendon transfer surgeries to correct deformities of the hand, foot and ankle joint, and also for radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons in order to prevent adverse surgical events.
{"title":"Variations in distal attachment of muscles of the leg, foot and the hand and their clinical implications in population of central Ethiopia","authors":"S. A. Geneti, Amenu T Wirtu, Solomon T. Hailegiorgis","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24166","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical variations in the distal attachment of lower and upper limb muscles are of paramount importance in surgical and clinical practice. Reports show variations in the insertion of the fibularis longus and brevis tendon from the lateral compartment of the leg, extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius from the anterior compartment of the leg, flexor digitorium brevis from the sole of the foot and the existence of accessory muscles in the dorsum of the hand. However, reports are scanty from Ethiopia. The present study was aimed at assessing the existence of variation in the distal attachments of muscles of the lower and upper limbs in the central Ethiopia population. Twenty-two formalin fixed cadavers were used. Careful dissection, critical observation and imaging were done accordingly. We have found the presence of two tendons of extensor halluces longus in one cases, absence of the lateral tendon to the 5thdigit of the flexor digitorum brevis of the sole of the foot in another case and the presence of the accessory extensor indicis muscle on the dorsum of the hand in a third case. These variations are important owing to the use of the tendons in tendon transfer surgeries to correct deformities of the hand, foot and ankle joint, and also for radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons in order to prevent adverse surgical events.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: Rui Diogo, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, Virginia Abdala – Muscles of Chordates: Development, Homologies, and Evolution","authors":"S. Bacci","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"187-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-24169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Paraskevas, N. Lazaridis, M. Piagkou, K. Natsis
Knowledge of the various morphological patterns of the brachial artery and median nerve in the upper limb area is of considerable clinical and surgical importance to physicians intervening with these areas. In the current study, in the right upper limb of a male cadaver a rare variation of a superficial brachial artery associated with a median nerve loop in the upper arm is presented. The artery gave off a deep brachial artery in the arm and normally bifurcated in the cubital fossa. Additionally, a muscular bundle from the brachialis muscle was also present, overlapping the median nerve along with the deep brachial artery above the elbow. To the best of our knowledge such a combination of arterial, neural and muscular anatomical variations is extremely rare. Since brachial plexus and brachial artery variations are more prone to injury, their surgical, diagnostic and interventional importance are valuable to radiologists in interpreting images and to vascular surgeons, neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons involved in compressive peripheral neuropathy treatment. The relevant clinical and surgical implications are discussed as well.
{"title":"Superficial brachial artery traversing a median nerve loop in the arm associated with other vascular and muscular anomalies: case report and clinical implications","authors":"G. Paraskevas, N. Lazaridis, M. Piagkou, K. Natsis","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-23006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-23006","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the various morphological patterns of the brachial artery and median nerve in the upper limb area is of considerable clinical and surgical importance to physicians intervening with these areas. In the current study, in the right upper limb of a male cadaver a rare variation of a superficial brachial artery associated with a median nerve loop in the upper arm is presented. The artery gave off a deep brachial artery in the arm and normally bifurcated in the cubital fossa. Additionally, a muscular bundle from the brachialis muscle was also present, overlapping the median nerve along with the deep brachial artery above the elbow. To the best of our knowledge such a combination of arterial, neural and muscular anatomical variations is extremely rare. Since brachial plexus and brachial artery variations are more prone to injury, their surgical, diagnostic and interventional importance are valuable to radiologists in interpreting images and to vascular surgeons, neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons involved in compressive peripheral neuropathy treatment. The relevant clinical and surgical implications are discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Narayanan, N. Shankar, V. Kishan, V. Balasubramanyam
The angular dimensions of the talus are indicative of its biomechanical role in load transmission. Squatting facets on the neck of the talus are indicative of habitual squatting. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the strength of association between the talar angles and the presence of squatting facets. The secondary objectives were to estimate the side differences in the angular dimensions and to assess the reliability of the method. One hundred and sixty dry tali of unknown sex were studied. The neck angle, vertical angle, torsion angle, trochlear surface angle and depth angle were measured using a photographic method. The presence of squatting facets was noted. The mean and standard deviation of those angles were 108.3 ± 5.23, 89.87 ± 3.97, 37.57 ± 5.62, 9.7 ± 3.3 and 156 ± 5.1 degrees respectively. The neck, vertical and depth angles were significantly higher on the left side. There were significant positive correlations between the neck and vertical angles, the neck and depth angles and the torsion and depth angles. Squatting facets were noted in 90 of the 160 (56%) of the tali. The torsion angle was significantly higher in tali with squatting facets. Intraobserver and inter-observer reliability of the methods were found to be good to excellent. The findings of this study indicate the factors that can possibly influence the magnitude of the talar angles. This data can be useful for designing talar prostheses and analyzing the biomechanical interface of the hind foot bones.
{"title":"Angular dimensions and squatting facets in human dry tali of South Indian origin","authors":"S. Narayanan, N. Shankar, V. Kishan, V. Balasubramanyam","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24157","url":null,"abstract":"The angular dimensions of the talus are indicative of its biomechanical role in load transmission. Squatting facets on the neck of the talus are indicative of habitual squatting. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the strength of association between the talar angles and the presence of squatting facets. The secondary objectives were to estimate the side differences in the angular dimensions and to assess the reliability of the method. One hundred and sixty dry tali of unknown sex were studied. The neck angle, vertical angle, torsion angle, trochlear surface angle and depth angle were measured using a photographic method. The presence of squatting facets was noted. The mean and standard deviation of those angles were 108.3 ± 5.23, 89.87 ± 3.97, 37.57 ± 5.62, 9.7 ± 3.3 and 156 ± 5.1 degrees respectively. The neck, vertical and depth angles were significantly higher on the left side. There were significant positive correlations between the neck and vertical angles, the neck and depth angles and the torsion and depth angles. Squatting facets were noted in 90 of the 160 (56%) of the tali. The torsion angle was significantly higher in tali with squatting facets. Intraobserver and inter-observer reliability of the methods were found to be good to excellent. The findings of this study indicate the factors that can possibly influence the magnitude of the talar angles. This data can be useful for designing talar prostheses and analyzing the biomechanical interface of the hind foot bones.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-24157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Anastasi, D. Milardi, A. Favaloro, G. Ceresetti, S. Corso, A. Esposito, N. Gagliano, C. Martinelli, M. Vertemati, D. Zarcone, P. Govoni, A. Zicca, S. Castorina, R. Caro, M. Felici, G. Macchiarelli, D. Ribatti, C. Sforza, N. Maraldi, C. Tacchetti
The current Core Curricula of Degree courses in Biomedical areas has enormously compressed the hours dedicated to the student for self-learning in morphological subjects. The result is a reduced student attitude to integrate the information received by attending lectures and practical sessions, with the indispensable consultation of texts dealing with morphological and ‘functional’ subjects, a key experience to autonomously logically identify the rational of the morphology/function relationship in the human body, at the macroscopic and microscopic level. These changes are occurring at a time when new medical imaging technologies become more and more informative in both morphological and functional areas. As a consequence, we are modifying our way of organize lessons compared to the generations of colleagues who have preceded us. More and more frontal lessons are organized with a logical morpho-functional approach. For example, the reference to the anatomy of the living, displayed through invasive or not invasive imaging, is added to the necessary and traditional anatomy of the cadaver. The reference to the pathology helps to define how the alteration of morphological integrity is reflected on function, both at the macro and microscopic level, and so on. However, there are no organized easy-to-use guided tours for the student to allow, in the shortest possible time, to ‘rationally see’ what he has studied, in the various imaging contexts available at the macro- and microscopic level. At the same time, there are no ‘data bank’ of resources for the preparation of the lessons. That is why we have imagined ‘virtual campus’ an integrated digital learning platform for self-learning. The platform has been thought and realized thanks to a group of teachers of ‘morphologic’ and ‘functional’ biomedical subjects and computer engineers belonging to a publishing house. The presentation will explain the rationale behind the platform, its structure and the educational opportunities offered.
{"title":"Morphology on the cloud - Virtual Campus, an integrated didactic platform for biomedical studies","authors":"G. Anastasi, D. Milardi, A. Favaloro, G. Ceresetti, S. Corso, A. Esposito, N. Gagliano, C. Martinelli, M. Vertemati, D. Zarcone, P. Govoni, A. Zicca, S. Castorina, R. Caro, M. Felici, G. Macchiarelli, D. Ribatti, C. Sforza, N. Maraldi, C. Tacchetti","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-21402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-21402","url":null,"abstract":"The current Core Curricula of Degree courses in Biomedical areas has enormously compressed the hours dedicated to the student for self-learning in morphological subjects. The result is a reduced student attitude to integrate the information received by attending lectures and practical sessions, with the indispensable consultation of texts dealing with morphological and ‘functional’ subjects, a key experience to autonomously logically identify the rational of the morphology/function relationship in the human body, at the macroscopic and microscopic level. These changes are occurring at a time when new medical imaging technologies become more and more informative in both morphological and functional areas. As a consequence, we are modifying our way of organize lessons compared to the generations of colleagues who have preceded us. More and more frontal lessons are organized with a logical morpho-functional approach. For example, the reference to the anatomy of the living, displayed through invasive or not invasive imaging, is added to the necessary and traditional anatomy of the cadaver. The reference to the pathology helps to define how the alteration of morphological integrity is reflected on function, both at the macro and microscopic level, and so on. However, there are no organized easy-to-use guided tours for the student to allow, in the shortest possible time, to ‘rationally see’ what he has studied, in the various imaging contexts available at the macro- and microscopic level. At the same time, there are no ‘data bank’ of resources for the preparation of the lessons. That is why we have imagined ‘virtual campus’ an integrated digital learning platform for self-learning. The platform has been thought and realized thanks to a group of teachers of ‘morphologic’ and ‘functional’ biomedical subjects and computer engineers belonging to a publishing house. The presentation will explain the rationale behind the platform, its structure and the educational opportunities offered.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"122 1","pages":"11-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48400245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Canciani, E. Galliera, M. Marazzi, Mondella Gianluca, Karang Daniel, Graziano Daniele, A. Oliveira, C. Dellavia
Dental implants rehabilitation of edentulous patients is the current accepted treatment to increase prosthetic stabilization. Various implant surface modifications have been tried to enhance osseointegration and to reduce the spread of detrimental metallic ions toward host tissues [1]. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate in vitro the viability, proliferation and adhesion of a Bioloy® (B®) coating compared to machined and sandblasted surfaces and to assess histologically in vivo the bone response to customized mini-implants coated with B® () placed in the mandible of patients. B® is a titanium niobium nitride coating applied on surface by physical vapor deposition (Permedica Spa). It is a thin ceramic monolayer, extremely hard and with high resistance against wear, scratches and corrosion [2] Viability and adhesion was tested at 24, 48 and 72 hours after seeding of SAOS-2 on customised scaffold. Cell viability (2x104 cells) was evaluated by AlamarBlue® assay [3] and it resulted statistically higher on B® than in the other 2 groups (48 and 72 hours, p-value<0.05). No toxic response was observed. Adhesion (104 cells) was analysed by scanning electron microscope [3]. Cell morphology confirmed the healthy status. Cells adhered to the surface and proliferated, covering completely the surfaces of machined and B® at 72 hours. Osseointegration was evaluated in 2 patients. After tooth extraction, 3 MIB® were placed. Three months later, during drilling process, the biopsies with MIB® were harvested for histological processing (Donath’ protocol) [3]. In all sections MIB® resulted well osseointegrated and newly formed bone was highly mineralized and organized in lamellae (bone to implant contact 46.8%±9.15). The implant coils were filled with new bone for the 59.8% ± 4.23. Medullary spaces were rich in blood vessels without inflammatory infiltrate. In conclusion, B® is a promising coating able to enhance the viability in vitro and to favor the osseointegration in vivo.
{"title":"Histomorphometrical evaluation of cells and tissues in contact with a new anti-wear dental implant surface: Bioloy® coating","authors":"E. Canciani, E. Galliera, M. Marazzi, Mondella Gianluca, Karang Daniel, Graziano Daniele, A. Oliveira, C. Dellavia","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-21437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-21437","url":null,"abstract":"Dental implants rehabilitation of edentulous patients is the current accepted treatment to increase prosthetic stabilization. Various implant surface modifications have been tried to enhance osseointegration and to reduce the spread of detrimental metallic ions toward host tissues [1]. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate in vitro the viability, proliferation and adhesion of a Bioloy® (B®) coating compared to machined and sandblasted surfaces and to assess histologically in vivo the bone response to customized mini-implants coated with B® () placed in the mandible of patients. B® is a titanium niobium nitride coating applied on surface by physical vapor deposition (Permedica Spa). It is a thin ceramic monolayer, extremely hard and with high resistance against wear, scratches and corrosion [2] Viability and adhesion was tested at 24, 48 and 72 hours after seeding of SAOS-2 on customised scaffold. Cell viability (2x104 cells) was evaluated by AlamarBlue® assay [3] and it resulted statistically higher on B® than in the other 2 groups (48 and 72 hours, p-value<0.05). No toxic response was observed. Adhesion (104 cells) was analysed by scanning electron microscope [3]. Cell morphology confirmed the healthy status. Cells adhered to the surface and proliferated, covering completely the surfaces of machined and B® at 72 hours. Osseointegration was evaluated in 2 patients. After tooth extraction, 3 MIB® were placed. Three months later, during drilling process, the biopsies with MIB® were harvested for histological processing (Donath’ protocol) [3]. In all sections MIB® resulted well osseointegrated and newly formed bone was highly mineralized and organized in lamellae (bone to implant contact 46.8%±9.15). The implant coils were filled with new bone for the 59.8% ± 4.23. Medullary spaces were rich in blood vessels without inflammatory infiltrate. In conclusion, B® is a promising coating able to enhance the viability in vitro and to favor the osseointegration in vivo.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"122 1","pages":"45-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-21437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44366007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Pucciarelli, C. Mastella, S. Bertoli, K. Alberti, R. D. Amicis, A. Battezzati, G. Baranello, C. Sforza
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease, due to autosomal recessive mutations on SMN1 gene. It is clinically classified into 4 phenotypes (SMAI-SMAIV) and it is characterized by muscular weakness and atrophy of the voluntary muscles of the legs, arms and trunk [1]. No information is available about soft tissue facial characteristics in these patients. To better define their facial phenotype and to evidence possible modifications, the 3D facial reconstructions of 12 male SMAII patients (3-8 years) were evaluated. All of them were able to sit, but not to walk independently and had respiratory problems, chewing and swallowing difficulties. The facial reconstructions were obtained through a stereophotogrammetric system, after the non-invasive identification of 50 facial reference landmarks, whose 3D coordinates were used to calculate a series of linear measurements. Data were compared with those of healthy controls, matched for age and sex, through the calculation of z-score values [2]. Results show that patients have larger skull base, mandibular and facial widths (z-score = 1.5, 2 and 1.8 respectively), together with an increased height of the nose (z-score = 3) and mandibular body length (z-score = 2.1). The mandibular ramus length is reduced (z-score = -2.6). Results are of interest to define the facial anatomy of these patients, since a detailed knowledge of their facial features can be useful to create ergonomic devices, as respiratory masks, that these patients must daily use.
{"title":"3D stereophotogrammetric facial analysis of SMAII patients","authors":"V. Pucciarelli, C. Mastella, S. Bertoli, K. Alberti, R. D. Amicis, A. Battezzati, G. Baranello, C. Sforza","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-21566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-21566","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease, due to autosomal recessive mutations on SMN1 gene. It is clinically classified into 4 phenotypes (SMAI-SMAIV) and it is characterized by muscular weakness and atrophy of the voluntary muscles of the legs, arms and trunk [1]. No information is available about soft tissue facial characteristics in these patients. To better define their facial phenotype and to evidence possible modifications, the 3D facial reconstructions of 12 male SMAII patients (3-8 years) were evaluated. All of them were able to sit, but not to walk independently and had respiratory problems, chewing and swallowing difficulties. The facial reconstructions were obtained through a stereophotogrammetric system, after the non-invasive identification of 50 facial reference landmarks, whose 3D coordinates were used to calculate a series of linear measurements. Data were compared with those of healthy controls, matched for age and sex, through the calculation of z-score values [2]. Results show that patients have larger skull base, mandibular and facial widths (z-score = 1.5, 2 and 1.8 respectively), together with an increased height of the nose (z-score = 3) and mandibular body length (z-score = 2.1). The mandibular ramus length is reduced (z-score = -2.6). Results are of interest to define the facial anatomy of these patients, since a detailed knowledge of their facial features can be useful to create ergonomic devices, as respiratory masks, that these patients must daily use.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"122 1","pages":"174-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-21566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47872127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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