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From morphological basic research to proposals for regenerative medicine through a translational perspective 从形态学基础研究到翻译视角下的再生医学建议
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-13727
M. Checchi, Virginia Stanzani, Serena Truocchio, Matteo Corradini, M. Ferretti, C. Palumbo
Basic research, especially morphological research, often fails to get off the ground due to scarcity of opportunities and funding. There is a need to exploit ideas, while starting from a morphological basis, to channel them into pathways with translational value: patents, trademarks, alternative experimental models, etc., aimed at formulating new proposals for applied research.  Among the many sprouts emerging in laboratories where basic research is carried out throughout the country, one reality from Emilia Romagna region is represented by some insights from human anatomy teachers and researchers at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. They have developed an original idea whereby they propose to use very small bone segments (the scleral ossicles –SO) taken from the sclero-corneal boundary of lower vertebrates with protruding eyes (particularly from avian species) to supplement 3D scaffolds to be used in regenerative medicine (by triggering/improving angiogenesis and osteogenesis) for the recovery of severe bone injuries, defined as “critical size”, i.e., unable to recover autonomously. The idea was followed by the patent application and, subsequently, the filing of a trademark (Pal-OS®) concerning to SO-derivatives (powders, sticks, caps, etc.). In times when respect for the natural environment and attention to animal health are among the relevant aspects for an ecosystem’s welfare, along with these patent and trademark a focus was developed on experimental methods alternative to animal testing, with which to be able to test the efficacy of the proposed products while respecting the 3 R’s rules, using a model already known and exploited in the past, the chorio-allantoic membrane – CAM, revisited today from an ethical perspective.  The article traces the observations that led to the idea of patenting scleral ossicles, of filing the Pal-OS® trademark and of using the CAM model to test their validity for regenerative purposes, with the ultimate goal of underlining how morphological observations, interpreted from a translational perspective, can provide interesting insights for clinical applications.
基础研究,尤其是形态学研究,由于缺乏机会和资金,往往无法起步。有必要从形态学基础出发,利用思想,将其引导到具有转化价值的途径中:专利、商标、替代实验模型等,旨在为应用研究制定新的建议。在全国各地进行基础研究的实验室中出现的许多芽苗中,艾米利亚-罗马涅地区的一个现实是莫德纳大学和雷焦艾米利亚大学的人体解剖教师和研究人员的一些见解。他们提出了一个独创的想法,即他们建议使用从眼睛突出的低等脊椎动物(特别是鸟类)的巩膜-角膜边界提取的非常小的骨段(巩膜小骨-SO)来补充3D支架,用于再生医学(通过触发/改善血管生成和成骨),以恢复严重的骨损伤,定义为“临界大小”,即无法自主恢复。这一想法随后被专利申请,随后又申请了一个与SO衍生物(粉末、棒、帽等)有关的商标(Pal OS®)。在尊重自然环境和关注动物健康是生态系统福利的相关方面的时候,随着这些专利和商标的出现,人们将重点放在了替代动物试验的实验方法上,利用这种方法,能够在遵守3R规则的同时,使用过去已知和使用的模型,即绒毛尿囊膜CAM,测试拟议产品的功效,今天从伦理角度重新审视了这一模型。这篇文章追溯了导致巩膜小骨专利、Pal OS®商标申请以及使用CAM模型测试其再生有效性的想法的观察结果,最终目的是强调从翻译角度解释的形态学观察结果如何为临床应用提供有趣的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Morphological variations of human pulmonary fissures: an anatomical cadaveric study in Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡人体肺裂形态变异的尸体解剖研究
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-12675
L. Ranaweera, W. N. Sulani, W.L.R.L. Nanayakkara
The aim of this study was to identify morphological and morphometric variations of pulmonary fissures. A sample of 50 adult formalin fixed Sri Lankan cadaveric lungs (24 left and 26 right lungs) were observed with the help of magnifying glass and length measurements of the lung fissures were taken using a measuring tape. Complete oblique fissure was seen in 16 (66.67%) left lungs and 11 (42.3%) right lungs. Incomplete oblique fissure was seen in 8 (33.33%) left lungs and 15 (57.69%) right lungs. There was complete absent of horizontal fissure in 4 (15.38%) right lungs whereas rest of the 22 right lungs indicated incomplete horizontal fissure (84.61%). The mean lengths of the left oblique fissure, right oblique fissure and horizontal fissure were 26.88±5.88cm, 27.31±6.04 cm and 8.31±3.61 cm, respectively. Incomplete fissure was the most common variant of the fissures in the analyzed sample. There was a high prevalence of incomplete horizontal fissure of right lung followed by incomplete right and left oblique fissures. Absence of oblique fissure was not found in either left or right lungs. The mean length of right oblique fissure was slightly greater than the mean length of left oblique fissure. The knowledge lung fissures, indeed help clinicians and radiologists to identify alterations of the disease distribution and to reduce the misinterpretation of radiological modalities as well as to arrive at an accurate diagnosis with plan of management of a patient. 
本研究的目的是确定肺裂的形态学和形态计量学变化。在放大镜的帮助下观察50个福尔马林固定的斯里兰卡成人尸体肺(24个左肺和26个右肺)的样本,并使用卷尺测量肺裂的长度。左肺16例(66.67%),右肺11例(42.3%)见完全斜裂。左肺8例(33.33%),右肺15例(57.69%)可见不完全斜裂。4例(15.38%)右肺完全无水平裂,其余22例(84.61%)右肺水平裂不全,左斜裂、右斜裂和水平裂的平均长度分别为26.88±5.88cm、27.31±6.04cm和8.31±3.61cm。不完全裂缝是分析样品中最常见的裂缝变体。右肺不完全性水平裂的发生率较高,其次是不完全性左右斜裂。左肺和右肺均未发现斜裂。右斜裂的平均长度略大于左斜裂的长度。肺裂的知识确实有助于临床医生和放射科医生识别疾病分布的变化,减少对放射学模式的误解,并通过患者的管理计划得出准确的诊断。
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引用次数: 1
The controversial case of Cosimo I de’ Medici (1519-1574): reflections on the interaction between anatomy and art (iconodiagnosis vs misdiagnosis) Cosimo I de’Medici(1519-1574)的争议案例:解剖与艺术互动的思考(影像学与误诊)
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-13772
R. Bianucci, E. Zucchini, F. Galassi, D. Lippi
A recent study maintains to have identified a case of severe Graves’ disease in the bronze statue of Cosimo I de’ Medici forged by Benevenuto Cellini (between 1545 and 1547). We carefully examined the artistic sources, the medical primary sources and the paleopathological findings with the aim of showing that Cosimo I de’ Medici (1519-1574) was not affected by severe Graves’ disease. The artistic analysis of different statues and portraits of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany confirms the medical interpretation. Cosimo I was thick-necked with a well-developed laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage (Adam’s Apple) and slightly bulging eyes. Plagued by obesity, Cosimo I was affected by DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis), chronic malaria, and severe osteoarthritis. The Grand Duke had a stroke on February 18th 1568, aged 49, and suffered from the sequelae for six years. Previous scholars proposed chronic cerebral vasculopathy as a possible diagnosis. We surmise that, as in modern day obese patients with DISH, he had increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity. The presence of a familiar thick-neck and a well-developed Adam’s Apple can be observed in several other members of the Medici family such Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Cosimo I de’ Medici’s father. The same features can also be found in several other predecessors of Cosimo I such as Piero the Gouty and his sons Lorenzo the Magnificent and Giuliano de’ Medici, Pope Leo X, Giuliano de’ Medici, Duke of Nemours and Lorenzo de’ Medici, Duke of Urbino. This paper shows that the combination of literary, artistic, paleopathological sources is fundamental to correctly assess disease manifestation. A constant interaction between anatomy and art is recommended so to avoid over-interpretation of pathologic conditions in personages of the past.
最近的一项研究坚持认为,在贝内文努托·切利尼(1545年至1547年)铸造的科西莫·德·美第奇铜像中发现了一例严重的格雷夫斯病。我们仔细检查了艺术资料、医学原始资料和古病理学发现,目的是表明科西莫·德·美第奇(1519-1574)没有受到严重的格雷夫斯病的影响。对托斯卡纳大公不同雕像和肖像的艺术分析证实了医学上的解释。Cosimo I脖子粗,喉部甲状腺软骨(喉结)隆起,眼睛略鼓。受肥胖困扰,Cosimo I受到DISH(弥漫性特发性骨骼肥厚症)、慢性疟疾和严重骨关节炎的影响。1568年2月18日,这位49岁的大公中风,并遭受了六年的后遗症。以前的学者提出慢性脑血管病是一种可能的诊断。我们推测,与现代患有DISH的肥胖患者一样,他患心血管疾病的风险增加了。在美第奇家族的其他几个成员身上,比如科西莫·德·美第奇的父亲乔瓦尼·达勒·班德·内雷,也可以看到一个熟悉的粗颈和发达的喉结。同样的特征也可以在科西莫一世的其他几位前任身上找到,比如痛风皮耶罗和他的儿子洛伦佐,以及利奥十世教皇朱利亚诺·德·美第奇,内穆尔公爵朱利亚诺·德·美第奇和乌尔比诺公爵洛伦佐·德·美第奇。结合文学、艺术、古病理来源,是正确评价疾病表现的基础。解剖学和艺术之间的持续互动被推荐,以避免过度解释过去人物的病理状况。
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引用次数: 1
Sarcoglycans and integrins in human thyrocytes: an immunofluorescence study 人甲状腺细胞中的肌聚糖和整合素:免疫荧光研究
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-13681
A. Favaloro, G. Rizzo, G. Santoro, S. Pergolizzi, A. Furci, A. Centofanti, G. Cutroneo
The sarcoglycan sub-complex is a protein system which plays a key role in sarcolemma stabilization during muscle activity consisting of six glycosylated transmembrane proteins. Integrins play a key role in the process of cell adhesion, linking the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Here we have analysed the receptor for thyroid hormone, identified on αvβ3-integrin that has an important role in the activation of non-genomic actions of the hormone. Many non-genomic actions of the thyroid hormone appear to contribute to basal levels of activity of a variety of proteins, including ion pumps, intracellular protein trafficking and protein turnover. The purpose of our research was to study the presence and behaviour of sarcoglycans and integrins on the thyroid gland, in both normal and pathological conditions, for the first time. Our results show a normal fluorescence pattern in patients without pathology, and a reduced fluorescence pattern in patients with thyroid disease. Moreover, colocalization in healthy patients was found in double localization reactions, whereas in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis sarcoglycans did not colocalize with tested integrin. These data could confirm the hypothesis of a close association between sarcoglycans and integrins, which, in pathological condition, are not found contemporarily hypothesizing that each single protein system could have a role in maintaining cell vitality.
肌聚糖亚复合物是一个蛋白质系统,由六种糖基化跨膜蛋白组成,在肌肉活动过程中对肌膜的稳定起着关键作用。整合素在细胞粘附过程中起着关键作用,将细胞外基质与肌动蛋白细胞骨架连接起来。在这里,我们分析了甲状腺激素受体,该受体在αvβ3-整合素上鉴定,在激活激素的非基因组作用中发挥重要作用。甲状腺激素的许多非基因组作用似乎有助于多种蛋白质的基础活性水平,包括离子泵、细胞内蛋白质运输和蛋白质周转。我们研究的目的是首次研究正常和病理条件下甲状腺上肌聚糖和整合素的存在和行为。我们的结果显示,在没有病理的患者中,荧光模式正常,而在患有甲状腺疾病的患者中荧光模式降低。此外,在健康患者中发现了双重定位反应的共定位,而在桥本甲状腺炎患者中,肌聚糖与测试的整合素没有共定位。这些数据可以证实肌聚糖和整合素之间密切关联的假设,在病理条件下,目前还没有发现这种假设,即每个蛋白质系统都可能在维持细胞活力中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Histomorphometric changes in the ovaries of thymectomized guinea pigs 去胸腺豚鼠卵巢的组织形态学变化
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-13680
Murali Punniakotti, V.Nithya, James Villanueva
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function is necessary for maintaining proper female reproductive cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the ovarian histomorphometric and histoarchitectural changes in neonatal, prepubertal and pubertal thymectomized female guinea pigs. A total of 30 female guinea pigs, sham-operated (n-5) and thymectomized (n-5) were studied in each group. The diameter and number of ovarian follicles among the thymectomized and sham operated female guinea pigs during estrus phase of estrous cycle was compared. Gonadal and accessory reproductive organs weights and microscopic features were studied in the sham operated guinea pigs and thymectomized. There were statistically significant changes in the number and diameter of follicles in the ovary in neonatal thymectomized female guinea pigs, but no significant changes were observed in prepubertal and pubertal female guinea pigs. Neonatal thymectomized female guinea pigs showed significant changes in their weight as well as changes in the microscopic features including reduced thickness of myometrium of uterus and less mucosal folding in the fallopian tube compared to the sham-operated group. But prepubertal and pubertal thymectomy did not affect the weight and microscopic features of gonads and accessory reproductive organs. Depending on the time of thymectomy, these results indicate morphological changes in the ovaries after thymectomy in females.
下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能是维持正常女性生殖周期所必需的。本研究旨在评估新生儿、青春期前和青春期胸腺切除雌性豚鼠的卵巢组织形态计量学和组织结构变化。每组共研究了30只雌性豚鼠,假手术(n-5)和胸腺切除(n-5。比较了胸腺切除和假手术雌性豚鼠在发情周期发情期的卵泡直径和数量。在假手术的豚鼠和胸腺切除的豚鼠中研究性腺和辅助生殖器官的重量和显微镜特征。在新生儿胸腺切除的雌性豚鼠中,卵巢中卵泡的数量和直径有统计学上的显著变化,但在青春期前和青春期雌性豚鼠中没有观察到显著变化。与假手术组相比,新生儿胸腺切除雌性豚鼠的体重和微观特征发生了显著变化,包括子宫肌层厚度减少和输卵管粘膜折叠减少。但青春期前和青春期胸腺切除术对性腺和生殖辅助器官的重量和显微特征没有影响。根据胸腺切除术的时间,这些结果表明女性胸腺切除术后卵巢的形态学变化。
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引用次数: 0
An anthropological and paleopathological analysis of a peculiar skeleton from the Necropolis of Zancle (1st century BCE – 1st century CE): a case report 赞格勒墓地(公元前1世纪-公元1世纪)一具奇特骨骼的人类学和古病理学分析:一例报告
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-13734
Claudia Fiorentino, R. Miccichè, L. Sìneo
The work presents the results of the anthropological and paleopathological analysis carried out on human skeletal remains of an individual (T-173) found in a burial from the necropolis “sector 96”, Messina, Sicily, dating back to the Roman Empire (1st century BCE – 1st century CE). The study aimed to acquire the information necessary for the reconstruction of the biological profile. In fact, T173 is an adult male which is particularly interesting from a paleopathological point of view, showing skeletal anomalies from the cranial to the post-cranial skeleton probably caused by variations of genetic, neoplastic, articular and dental nature. Furthermore, the analyses have highlighted the possible cause of death, related to two perimortem traumatic lesions on parietal bones. 
这项工作介绍了对西西里岛墨西拿“96区”墓地中发现的一具个人(T-173)的人类骨骼遗骸进行的人类学和古病理学分析结果,该遗骸可追溯到罗马帝国(公元前1世纪-公元1世纪)。该研究旨在获得重建生物剖面所需的信息。事实上,T173是一名成年男性,从古病理学的角度来看,这一点特别令人感兴趣,从颅骨到颅骨后的骨骼异常可能是由遗传、肿瘤、关节和牙齿性质的变化引起的。此外,分析还强调了死亡的可能原因,与顶骨上的两处尸检创伤性损伤有关。
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引用次数: 0
What lies behind the embalmed body of Rosalia Lombardo (1918-1920)? Rosalia Lombardo(1918-1920)经过防腐处理的尸体背后隐藏着什么?
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-13771
R. Bianucci, F. Galassi, T. Lanza, G. Mattutino, A. Nerlich
Mummy studies help scientists to reconstruct both the evolution and manifestation of past diseases as well as the lifestyles and the habits of the ancient populations. They also help to gain insights into their funerary rites, which are a reflection of the community spiritual beliefs. Last but not least, the study of embalmed corpses reveals the evolution of the mortuary practices. After the 1840’s, new embalming methods were developed; these coupled the use of chemical solution and arterial injection thus allowing the corpses to maintain their integrity (no external lacerations) together with a life-like appearance. An extremely interesting case of modern chemical embalming is that of Rosalia Lombardo (1918-1920), a two years old girl who died in Palermo. Her cadaver is housed in the Capuchin Catacombs of the Sicilian capital. Both her cause of death and the procedure used in her embalming are still enigmatic. Her embalming has been allegedly attributed to Alfredo Salafia, a renowned Palermitan embalmer. This paper addresses the most recent findings emerged from our re-analysis of Rosalia’s case; furthermore, the cosmetic treatment of Rosalia’s mummy is compared with those of Ernesto Salafia Maggio and Giovanni Paterniti, two individuals whose bodies were embalmed by Alfredo Salafia. 
对木乃伊的研究有助于科学家重建过去疾病的演变和表现,以及古代人口的生活方式和习惯。它们还有助于深入了解他们的葬礼仪式,这是社区精神信仰的反映。最后但并非最不重要的是,对防腐尸体的研究揭示了太平间习俗的演变。19世纪40年代以后,新的防腐方法被开发出来;这些方法结合了化学溶液和动脉注射的使用,从而使尸体保持完整性(没有外部撕裂伤),并具有逼真的外观。一个非常有趣的现代化学防腐案例是死于巴勒莫的两岁女孩Rosalia Lombardo(1918-1920)。她的尸体被安置在西西里岛首都的卷尾猴地下墓穴中。她的死因和防腐处理的方法仍然是个谜。据称,她的防腐工作是由巴勒斯坦著名的防腐师阿尔弗雷多·萨拉菲亚负责的。本文讨论了我们重新分析Rosalia案例的最新发现;此外,Rosalia木乃伊的美容处理与Ernesto Salafia Maggio和Giovanni Paterniti的进行了比较,这两个人的尸体都是由Alfredo Salafia进行防腐处理的。
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引用次数: 2
Special Monographic Issue on the History of Human Anatomy and the Anatomical Bases of Palaeopathology 《人体解剖学的历史与古病理学的解剖学基础》专刊
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-13918
F. Galassi, R. Bianucci
It is our distinguished pleasure to introduce this special monographic issue of the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology dedicated to the topics of the history of the anatomical sciences and the morphological bases of palaeopathological studies. These two branches of human anatomy, though deemed interesting and relevant to the field by a large number of scholars worldwide, are too often neglected or not developed into a self-standing, productive field of research and teaching, especially in Italy. This is particularly sad and detrimental if one considers that human anatomy was reborn in Italy after centuries of intellectual stagnation first at Bologna thanks to the teaching of the Mediaeval scholar Mondino de’ Liuzzi and later, during the Renaissance, owing to the interest showed by artists in the correct representation of human morphology and bodily proportions.  This shows how rediscovering the discipline’s history inevitably leads its students to the realisation of the existence of an interplay between the figurative arts and the study of the human body, a bond which until the late 19th century was perceived as evident, self-explanatory and indissoluble. Moreover, it was precisely in that century that, from the anatomical discipline and its sub-branch osteology, stemmed biological anthropology, a subject which, now greatly enriched by biomolecular studies and by the assessment of mummified human remains, can help us discover the antiquity of humankind, its evolution as much as that of the diseases that characterised its historical path, a field traditionally called “palaeopathology”.  In this collection of contributions encompassing all of the aforementioned areas of research and anatomical knowledge, we aim to stimulate our colleagues and students to rediscover the importance of these topics and to develop them into a higher research platform capable of bridging the so-called hard biomedical sciences and the humanities.  Finally, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to Professor Domenico Ribatti, the journal’s editorial board and the Società Italiana di Anatomia e Istologia for kindly accepting our proposal and for the invaluable support they gave us throughout the editorial process. In addition, we would like to thank all the contributors and anonymous reviewers who have made this issue possible.
我们非常高兴地向大家介绍《意大利解剖学与胚胎学杂志》的这一专刊,该专刊专门讨论解剖科学史和古病理学研究的形态学基础。尽管世界各地的许多学者认为这两个人体解剖学分支很有趣,与该领域相关,但它们往往被忽视,或者没有发展成为一个自立的、富有成效的研究和教学领域,尤其是在意大利。如果考虑到人类解剖学在经历了几个世纪的知识停滞后在意大利重生,那就特别可悲和有害了——首先是在博洛尼亚,这要归功于中世纪学者蒙迪诺·德·柳齐的教学,后来是在文艺复兴时期,这要归因于艺术家对人类形态和身体比例的正确表现所表现出的兴趣。这表明,重新发现这门学科的历史不可避免地会让学生意识到具象艺术和人体研究之间存在着相互作用,直到19世纪末,这种联系一直被认为是显而易见的、不言自明的和不可分割的。此外,正是在那个世纪,解剖学学科及其分支骨学衍生出了生物人类学,这门学科现在因生物分子研究和对木乃伊遗骸的评估而大大丰富,可以帮助我们发现人类的古老性、人类的进化以及其历史路径所特有的疾病,一个传统上被称为“古病理学”的领域。在这一涵盖上述所有研究和解剖学知识领域的贡献集中,我们旨在激励我们的同事和学生重新发现这些主题的重要性,并将其发展成为一个能够连接所谓的硬生物医学和人文学科的更高研究平台。最后,我们要向多梅尼科·里巴蒂教授、该杂志的编辑委员会和意大利Anatomia和Istologia学会表示最深切的感谢,感谢他们欣然接受我们的建议,并在整个编辑过程中给予我们宝贵的支持。此外,我们要感谢所有的贡献者和匿名评审员,他们使这个问题成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
History of Medicine as a bridge between Paleopathology and the Medical Humanities. New Technologies Applied to Bioarchaeology: reconstructing Lifestyles in Ancient Rome 医学史是连接古病理学和医学人文学科的桥梁。应用于生物考古学的新技术:重建古罗马的生活方式
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-13755
S. Iorio, P. Catalano, V. Giuffra, F. De Angelis, Maria Cristina Martinez Labaraga, Riccardo Santangeli Valenzani, Giulia Facchin, M. Cilione, V. Gazzaniga
The research project Diseases, health and lifestyles in Rome: from the Empire to the Early Middle Age (PRIN 2015), covered a significant area of research, ranging from the historical and historico-medical content that emerged during the multi-disciplinary investigation on the subject, to the intersection between different methods and approaches and the full enhancement of truly primary sources that included human skeletal remains, food residues, housing situations and burial contexts. From this perspective, the interest in the so-called “material culture” has taken on a more important meaning than the simple response to a conceptual and ideological historiography. Since the 1980s, there has been a sort of limitation regarding a more objective reconstruction of Antiquity. In general, written and iconographic sources convey information that is more or less intentionally mediated by the cultural and anthropological coordinates that produced it, requiring the historian to make a philological exegesis effort that even in the case of manuscripts and epigraphs needs to dialogue with tools of support and writing. On the other hand, the importance of molecular data would be partial and misleading if it were to be based on a more traditional documentary framework. Therefore, the history of medicine, always accustomed to operating in an area dedicated to a mixing of different areas of expertise and study, has once again proved capable of creating a dialogue among areas of study that are seemingly distant from one another. However, these areas of study are complementary, leading to a reliable historical reconstruction. In fact, the choice to focus the investigation on the human body has also inevitably highlighted the οἶκος in which it finds itself. This is part of a dynamic natural and social system, as was perfectly clear to the legislators of the late-Republican period and to doctors of imperial age, including Galen, who were well aware of the connection among health, productive and manufacturing activities, urban planning, pollution and food. Therefore, the anthropological, paleo-pathological and molecular investigation on skeletal remains, in dialogue with the historical-medical, literary and iconographic sources, has become the opportunity for a historical reconstruction. This reconstruction is all the more interesting as it encompasses a time frame that contains the transition from the Late Antiquity to the beginning of the Middle Ages, allowing for the identification of a series of indicators on continuity and discontinuity.
研究项目“罗马的疾病、健康和生活方式:从帝国到中世纪早期”(PRIN 2015)涵盖了一个重要的研究领域,从该主题的多学科调查中出现的历史和历史医学内容,不同方法和方法之间的交叉,以及全面加强真正的主要来源,包括人类骨骼遗骸、食物残渣、住房状况和埋葬环境。从这个角度来看,对所谓“物质文化”的兴趣比对概念和意识形态史学的简单回应具有更重要的意义。自20世纪80年代以来,对更客观的古物重建一直存在某种限制。一般来说,书面和图像来源传达的信息或多或少是由产生信息的文化和人类学坐标有意介导的,这需要历史学家进行文字注释,即使在手稿和题词的情况下,也需要与支持和写作工具进行对话。另一方面,如果以更传统的文献框架为基础,分子数据的重要性将是片面的和误导性的。因此,医学史总是习惯于在一个专门混合不同专业领域和研究领域的领域中运作,这再次证明了它能够在看似相距遥远的研究领域之间建立对话。然而,这些研究领域是互补的,导致了可靠的历史重建。事实上,选择将调查重点放在人体上也不可避免地突显了ἶκις。这是一个充满活力的自然和社会体系的一部分,共和党后期的立法者和包括盖伦在内的帝国时代的医生都非常清楚这一点,他们非常清楚健康、生产和制造活动、城市规划、污染和食品之间的联系。因此,对骨骼遗骸进行人类学、古病理学和分子研究,与历史医学、文学和图像学来源对话,成为历史重建的机会。这种重建更加有趣,因为它包含了一个时间框架,其中包含了从古代晚期到中世纪初期的过渡,从而可以确定一系列关于连续性和不连续性的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Root canal anatomy and morphology of permanent maxillary Lateral Incisors in an Iranian population 伊朗人群上颌恒侧切牙的根管解剖和形态学
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.36253/ijae-11653
Maryam Kuzekanani, Saadollah Parvazeh
A meticulous knowledge of the root canal anatomy and morphology of the teeth is imperative to achieve successful root canal and also many other dental and surgical treatments on them. The purpose of this study was to study the root canal anatomy and morphology of permanent maxillary Lateral incisors in Kerman. 100 extracted intact permanent maxillary Lateral incisor teeth were collected from different dental clinics in Kerman. The anatomic and morphologic characteristics of the selected samples such as the number of roots, the apical root curve direction and the length of the teeth were determined by macroscopic evaluation and length assessment of each sample. After staining, decalcification and clearing of each tooth the existence and location of additional and lateral canals was also carefully explored by using magnifying tools. All maxillary Lateral incisors had just one root and one root canal and the average length for this tooth was 22.5 mms in this study. The curvature of the roots in 67% of the samples was distally, in 5%; bucally, in 2%; palatally and in 3%; mesially. 23% of the teeth had straight roots and root canals. Also, 29% of the teeth had lateral canals that in 89% of the cases were located in the apical thirds, in 11%; in the middle and in none of the cases in the coronal thirds. As a conclusion lateral canals and curved apex which are thorough challenges in dentistry are prevalent in maxillary lateral incisors among this south eastern Iranian population.
对根管解剖和牙齿形态的细致了解是实现成功的根管治疗以及许多其他牙科和外科治疗的必要条件。本研究的目的是研究克尔曼地区上颌恒侧切牙的根管解剖和形态,从克尔曼地区不同牙科诊所收集100颗完整的上颌恒侧切牙。通过对各样本进行宏观评价和长度评价,确定所选样本的根数、根尖曲线方向、牙齿长度等解剖形态学特征。在染色、脱钙和清除每颗牙齿后,还使用放大工具仔细探索附加管和外侧管的存在和位置。上颌侧切牙均为一根一根根管,平均长度为22.5 mm。在67%的样本中,根的曲率是远端的,在5%;bually,在2%;腭部和在3%;中间的。23%的牙齿有直根和根管。29%的牙齿有侧根管,89%的病例位于根尖三分之一,11%的病例位于根尖三分之一;在中间,在冠状动脉的三分之一处。作为结论,外侧管和弯曲的尖,这是彻底的挑战,在牙科中普遍存在上颌侧切牙在这个伊朗东南部人口。
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引用次数: 0
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Italian journal of anatomy and embryology
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