Masroor Badshah, R. Soames, Muhammad Jaffar Khan, Jamshaid Hasnain
To determine morphological variations of the hard palate in dry human skulls, 85 skulls of unknown age and sex from nine medical schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were examined. The transverse diameter, number, shape and position of the greater (GPF) and lesser (LPF) palatine foramina; canine to canine inter-socket distance; distance between greater palatine foramen medial margins; on each side, the distances between greater palatine foramen and base of the pterygoid hamulus, median maxillary suture and posterior border of the hard palate; palatal length, breadth and height; maximum width and height of the incisive foramen; and the angle between the median maxillary suture and a line between the orale and greater palatine foramen were determined. Palatine index and palatal height index were also calculated. An oval greater palatine foramen was present in all skulls, while a mainly oval lesser palatine foramen was present in 95.8% on the right and 97.2% on the left. Single and multiple lesser palatine foramina were observed on the right/left sides: single 44.1%/50.7%; double 41.2%/34.8%; triple 10.2%/11.6%. The greater palatine foramen was located above the third molar in 74.7% (right)/87.8% (left), between the second and third molars in 25.3%/9.5%, and above the second molar in 2.7% (left). A single oval-shaped incisive foramen was observed in 87.1%. The median maxillary suture angle was 13.74±1.58° on the right and 13.14±1.68° on the left. In conclusion, no significant differences were observed in any distances on the right and left side related to greater palatine foramen; however a significant difference (p <0.05) was observed between the right and left sides for median maxillary suture angle.
{"title":"Morphology of the human hard palate: a study on dry skulls","authors":"Masroor Badshah, R. Soames, Muhammad Jaffar Khan, Jamshaid Hasnain","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-23011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-23011","url":null,"abstract":"To determine morphological variations of the hard palate in dry human skulls, 85 skulls of unknown age and sex from nine medical schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were examined. The transverse diameter, number, shape and position of the greater (GPF) and lesser (LPF) palatine foramina; canine to canine inter-socket distance; distance between greater palatine foramen medial margins; on each side, the distances between greater palatine foramen and base of the pterygoid hamulus, median maxillary suture and posterior border of the hard palate; palatal length, breadth and height; maximum width and height of the incisive foramen; and the angle between the median maxillary suture and a line between the orale and greater palatine foramen were determined. Palatine index and palatal height index were also calculated. An oval greater palatine foramen was present in all skulls, while a mainly oval lesser palatine foramen was present in 95.8% on the right and 97.2% on the left. Single and multiple lesser palatine foramina were observed on the right/left sides: single 44.1%/50.7%; double 41.2%/34.8%; triple 10.2%/11.6%. The greater palatine foramen was located above the third molar in 74.7% (right)/87.8% (left), between the second and third molars in 25.3%/9.5%, and above the second molar in 2.7% (left). A single oval-shaped incisive foramen was observed in 87.1%. The median maxillary suture angle was 13.74±1.58° on the right and 13.14±1.68° on the left. In conclusion, no significant differences were observed in any distances on the right and left side related to greater palatine foramen; however a significant difference (p <0.05) was observed between the right and left sides for median maxillary suture angle.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-23011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49273541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alicia González-Mourelle, Cristina Vicente-Fernández, M. Pombo-Castro, Inés Vázquez-Mahía, J. López-Cedrún
Branchial cleft cysts develop because an anomaly in the caudal growth of the second arch over the third and the fourth ones. They usually present as an asymptomatic circumscribed movable mass, close to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The location depends on the branchial pouch or cleft they are derived from. We present a retrospective study including 30 cases analysing epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and complications. We obtained the following results: 15 of the 30 patients were females and 15 males. Age ranged from 19 to 81 years with an average of 40. All cysts had origin from the second branchial cleft. Twenty-three appeared as painless cervical masses, 5 were painful and 2 had an infection. Clinical suspicion of branchial cleft cyst formed in 23 cases. Computerized tomography and fine needle aspiration cytology was used in 18 cases, magnetic resonance alone in 1 and only ultrasound in 1. Branchial cleft cyst is a differential diagnosis of a lateral neck swelling mass and the most accurate diagnostic test is magnetic resonance, but computerized tomography is the most often performed in most hospitals. Treatment is surgical excision.
{"title":"Branchial cleft cysts: serie of 33 cases and review of the literature","authors":"Alicia González-Mourelle, Cristina Vicente-Fernández, M. Pombo-Castro, Inés Vázquez-Mahía, J. López-Cedrún","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-25408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-25408","url":null,"abstract":"Branchial cleft cysts develop because an anomaly in the caudal growth of the second arch over the third and the fourth ones. They usually present as an asymptomatic circumscribed movable mass, close to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The location depends on the branchial pouch or cleft they are derived from. We present a retrospective study including 30 cases analysing epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and complications. We obtained the following results: 15 of the 30 patients were females and 15 males. Age ranged from 19 to 81 years with an average of 40. All cysts had origin from the second branchial cleft. Twenty-three appeared as painless cervical masses, 5 were painful and 2 had an infection. Clinical suspicion of branchial cleft cyst formed in 23 cases. Computerized tomography and fine needle aspiration cytology was used in 18 cases, magnetic resonance alone in 1 and only ultrasound in 1. Branchial cleft cyst is a differential diagnosis of a lateral neck swelling mass and the most accurate diagnostic test is magnetic resonance, but computerized tomography is the most often performed in most hospitals. Treatment is surgical excision.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Galassi, Sandra Mathews, Martina Nüesch, R. Ballestriero, M. Haeusler
The description of a swellinmg of the posterior part of the ear helix is usually credited to Darwin and Woolner, but they were preceded by the Flemish artist Quentin Matsys (1466-1530) in his painting Ecce homo, now exhibited at the City Museums of Venice.
{"title":"Neither Darwin’s nor Woolner’s, rather Matsys’s tubercle in the 16th century","authors":"F. Galassi, Sandra Mathews, Martina Nüesch, R. Ballestriero, M. Haeusler","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-25420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-25420","url":null,"abstract":"The description of a swellinmg of the posterior part of the ear helix is usually credited to Darwin and Woolner, but they were preceded by the Flemish artist Quentin Matsys (1466-1530) in his painting Ecce homo, now exhibited at the City Museums of Venice.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About the issue if the natural encephalic proliferative activities can be influenced by the seasonal (thermal and photoperiodic) cyclic fluctuations in adult earth-dwelling Anamnia and poikilothermal Amniota there is a gap regarding expressly summer season alone in literature reports on autoradiographic studies in frog. The actual study suggests that the brain proliferative pattern in Rana bergeri collected in the wild in summer is intermediate between those previously observed in spring and autumn. This would seem to indicate a proliferative increase from spring to autumn. This pattern mainly appears in the forebrain, typically in the olfactory portion where the stem cells are identifiable as scattered “matrix“ cells in the ependyma and grey matter, and in the telencephalic district, where these cells are grouped as “matrix” areas in the well-known zonae germinativae dorsales and ventrales.
{"title":"Relationships between summer thermal variations and cell proliferation in heterothermic vertebrates, as revealed by PCNA expression in the brain of adult Rana bergeri (Günther, 1986)","authors":"V. Margotta, C. Chimenti","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24158","url":null,"abstract":"About the issue if the natural encephalic proliferative activities can be influenced by the seasonal (thermal and photoperiodic) cyclic fluctuations in adult earth-dwelling Anamnia and poikilothermal Amniota there is a gap regarding expressly summer season alone in literature reports on autoradiographic studies in frog. The actual study suggests that the brain proliferative pattern in Rana bergeri collected in the wild in summer is intermediate between those previously observed in spring and autumn. This would seem to indicate a proliferative increase from spring to autumn. This pattern mainly appears in the forebrain, typically in the olfactory portion where the stem cells are identifiable as scattered “matrix“ cells in the ependyma and grey matter, and in the telencephalic district, where these cells are grouped as “matrix” areas in the well-known zonae germinativae dorsales and ventrales.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Paraskevas, Konstantinos Koutsouflianiotis, K. Iliou, N. Syrmos, G. Noussios, Theodosios Bitsis, N. Lazaridis
The heart’s lymphatic system has been under research for many years both at a microscopic and a macroscopic level. The results so far significantly induce modern cardiologists to attribute pathologies of the heart to disorders of cardiac lymphatics. The current review is an effort to display the progress of the knowledge regarding the heart’s lymphatic system through the work of the scientists devoted to the specific field. The reader will gain detailed and up to date information and will be able to comprehend thoroughly the anatomy of the cardiac lymphatics.
{"title":"Historical notes on the anatomy of the heart’s lymphatic system","authors":"G. Paraskevas, Konstantinos Koutsouflianiotis, K. Iliou, N. Syrmos, G. Noussios, Theodosios Bitsis, N. Lazaridis","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24164","url":null,"abstract":"The heart’s lymphatic system has been under research for many years both at a microscopic and a macroscopic level. The results so far significantly induce modern cardiologists to attribute pathologies of the heart to disorders of cardiac lymphatics. The current review is an effort to display the progress of the knowledge regarding the heart’s lymphatic system through the work of the scientists devoted to the specific field. The reader will gain detailed and up to date information and will be able to comprehend thoroughly the anatomy of the cardiac lymphatics.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-24164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of our present study is to determine the incidence of trifurcation of left coronary artery in 75 adult human hearts of Hyderabad, Karnataka region. The incidence of trifurcation of left coronary artery in our present study is 14.5%. Since the left main coronary artery supplies the majority of the left ventricle of the heart and as the diseases of left coronary artery are most common, the management of diseases involving the left coronary artery trifurcation is very challenging. Hence this study done involving trifurcation of left coronary artery will be helpful to the physicians, vascular surgeons and cardiac surgeons of this region.
{"title":"A study of incidence of trifurcation of left coronary artery in adult human hearts","authors":"Jaishree Hosalinaver, Ashwini Hosalinaver","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-23010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-23010","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our present study is to determine the incidence of trifurcation of left coronary artery in 75 adult human hearts of Hyderabad, Karnataka region. The incidence of trifurcation of left coronary artery in our present study is 14.5%. Since the left main coronary artery supplies the majority of the left ventricle of the heart and as the diseases of left coronary artery are most common, the management of diseases involving the left coronary artery trifurcation is very challenging. Hence this study done involving trifurcation of left coronary artery will be helpful to the physicians, vascular surgeons and cardiac surgeons of this region.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-23010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheetal V Pattanshetti, Vishwanath M. Pattanshetti
The teaching of undergraduate anatomy is particularly based on cadaveric dissection. Currently, medical curriculum is continually evolving and focusing on clinical application, especially for first year medical undergraduate students. Recently, surgical educators defined a role for laparoscopy in teaching anatomy. This study was conducted to know the opinion by first year medical undergraduate students, of current teaching practices and which teaching modalities should be emphasized. In this study a total of 200 first-year medical undergraduate students were exposed to a Diagnostic Laparoscopy with appendectomy video, with explanation/commentary by a laparoscopic surgeon. A pre-test and a post-test questionnaire were given before and after exposure to the video. The objective of the study was to collect students’ opinion by answering the questions in the questionnaire. All pre-test and post-test questionnaire results were analysed. The results were quantified in terms of percentage. The knowledge of anatomy of abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity improved from 62% to 91% of students after exposure to surgical video. Similarly, knowledge regarding laparoscopy improved from 37% to 85% and awareness about surgical video as an additional method of learning improved from 46% to 89%. Almost 93% of students were able to appreciate the organs and structures within intraperitoneal cavity. Hence, the clinicians/surgeons need to try their best and put in their maximum efforts to make the training of future medical graduates more efficient and knowledgeable in anatomy subject, by creating interest in learning of the subject by using such additional method (surgical videos) learning tool.
{"title":"Early exposure of laparoscopic anatomy to first year medical undergraduate students: is it necessary?","authors":"Sheetal V Pattanshetti, Vishwanath M. Pattanshetti","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-25422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-25422","url":null,"abstract":"The teaching of undergraduate anatomy is particularly based on cadaveric dissection. Currently, medical curriculum is continually evolving and focusing on clinical application, especially for first year medical undergraduate students. Recently, surgical educators defined a role for laparoscopy in teaching anatomy. This study was conducted to know the opinion by first year medical undergraduate students, of current teaching practices and which teaching modalities should be emphasized. In this study a total of 200 first-year medical undergraduate students were exposed to a Diagnostic Laparoscopy with appendectomy video, with explanation/commentary by a laparoscopic surgeon. A pre-test and a post-test questionnaire were given before and after exposure to the video. The objective of the study was to collect students’ opinion by answering the questions in the questionnaire. All pre-test and post-test questionnaire results were analysed. The results were quantified in terms of percentage. The knowledge of anatomy of abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity improved from 62% to 91% of students after exposure to surgical video. Similarly, knowledge regarding laparoscopy improved from 37% to 85% and awareness about surgical video as an additional method of learning improved from 46% to 89%. Almost 93% of students were able to appreciate the organs and structures within intraperitoneal cavity. Hence, the clinicians/surgeons need to try their best and put in their maximum efforts to make the training of future medical graduates more efficient and knowledgeable in anatomy subject, by creating interest in learning of the subject by using such additional method (surgical videos) learning tool.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amenu T Wirtu, S. A. Geneti, Abay M Zenebe, Solomon A. Ewnetu, Jickssa M Gemechu
Lack of knowledge of variations in human morphology and their magnitude compared to normal anatomy may have significant clinical consequences. Accurate knowledge of anatomical variations provides important information in medico-legal issues, forensic interpretation, diagnostics, imaging and patient management including surgical procedures. Although underreported, it is believed that a significant proportion of clinical malpractice is due to suboptimal knowledge of anatomical variations. The present study aims to assess the anatomical variations of locomotor system structures in twenty-four formalin fixed cadavers used for dissection as part of Gross Anatomy course for medical students. The study was conducted in six medical schools in Ethiopia in the academic year 2015/2016. Following critical observation and careful dissection, photographs were taken accordingly. Our findings show a complete persistence of metopic suture in 4.2 % of frontal bone, incedence of five anterior and five posterior sacral foramina in 4.2 % of sacral bones and biceps brachii muscle with three heads of origin in 2.1 % of brachia. Altogether, the findings show the incidence of anatomical variants of clinical importance that need consideration during surgical procedures, diagnosis - especially in distinguishing fracture of bones - and patient management in Ethiopian population with diverse socio-economic background and geographical origin.
{"title":"Incidence of persistent metopic suture and extra sacral foramina in Ethiopian population","authors":"Amenu T Wirtu, S. A. Geneti, Abay M Zenebe, Solomon A. Ewnetu, Jickssa M Gemechu","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24159","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of knowledge of variations in human morphology and their magnitude compared to normal anatomy may have significant clinical consequences. Accurate knowledge of anatomical variations provides important information in medico-legal issues, forensic interpretation, diagnostics, imaging and patient management including surgical procedures. Although underreported, it is believed that a significant proportion of clinical malpractice is due to suboptimal knowledge of anatomical variations. The present study aims to assess the anatomical variations of locomotor system structures in twenty-four formalin fixed cadavers used for dissection as part of Gross Anatomy course for medical students. The study was conducted in six medical schools in Ethiopia in the academic year 2015/2016. Following critical observation and careful dissection, photographs were taken accordingly. Our findings show a complete persistence of metopic suture in 4.2 % of frontal bone, incedence of five anterior and five posterior sacral foramina in 4.2 % of sacral bones and biceps brachii muscle with three heads of origin in 2.1 % of brachia. Altogether, the findings show the incidence of anatomical variants of clinical importance that need consideration during surgical procedures, diagnosis - especially in distinguishing fracture of bones - and patient management in Ethiopian population with diverse socio-economic background and geographical origin.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A spontaneous remission of symptoms in women with multiple sclerosis is often associated with pregnancy. And sex hormones such are thought to play a crucial role in this. Both testosterone and estrogen have been studied extensively in the disease, but not relaxin. In an initial study of relaxin in multiple sclerosis elevated levels were detected in the sera of some, but not all subjects. Unfortunately, it was not possible to determine if this was relaxin 1, 2 or 3 du to the non-specificity of the assay. In this study we measured the levels of all three relaxins in matched sera and cerebral spinal fluid samples from subjects with multiple sclerosis. No relaxin 2 was detected in any of the samples. However, both relaxin 1 and 3 were detected in some of the samples. The presence of relaxin 3 was not remarkable. In contrast, the presence of relaxin 1 was notable. The presence of relaxin 1 in subjects with multiple sclerosis suggests that it has a biological function and is not a pseudogene has been previously suggested.
{"title":"Relaxin levels in matched sera and CSF from subjects with multiple sclerosis","authors":"R. Garvin","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24162","url":null,"abstract":"A spontaneous remission of symptoms in women with multiple sclerosis is often associated with pregnancy. And sex hormones such are thought to play a crucial role in this. Both testosterone and estrogen have been studied extensively in the disease, but not relaxin. In an initial study of relaxin in multiple sclerosis elevated levels were detected in the sera of some, but not all subjects. Unfortunately, it was not possible to determine if this was relaxin 1, 2 or 3 du to the non-specificity of the assay. In this study we measured the levels of all three relaxins in matched sera and cerebral spinal fluid samples from subjects with multiple sclerosis. No relaxin 2 was detected in any of the samples. However, both relaxin 1 and 3 were detected in some of the samples. The presence of relaxin 3 was not remarkable. In contrast, the presence of relaxin 1 was notable. The presence of relaxin 1 in subjects with multiple sclerosis suggests that it has a biological function and is not a pseudogene has been previously suggested.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-24162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piergiorgio Francia, B. Piccini, M. Gulisano, S. Toni, L. Bocchi
Objective. The impairment of glycemic control can induce limited joint mobility even in young type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients. The aims of this study were to verify the presence of ankle joint mobility (AJM) deficits in young T1DM subjects and define a mathematical model of diabetes mellitus long-term effects on AJM. Methods. AJM was evaluated using an inclinometer in 37 patients and 53 healthy, sex- BMI- and age-matched controls. To set up the mathematical model, we assumed that reduced metabolic control affects AJM according to a lognormal function: requiring some time for development of a reduction of joint mobility, which then persists for a long period, before fading out over time (if glycemic control has been recovered). A non-linear optimization determined the model parameters to achieve the best fit for a series of patients. Results. Both plantar and dorsiflexion AJM was significantly lower in diabetic subjects than in controls (plantarflexion: 28.5°±7.5 vs 35.2°±6.5; dorsiflexion: 93.9°±16.0 vs 104.7±12.8; p<0.01). The defined model approximates the experimental data with good accuracy; after optimization, the lognormal curve obtained is in line with empirical estimates: lack of glycemic control needs to persist for at least a few months before producing a significant effect, that lasts up until one year. The fitting procedure indicated the optimal solution is p = (37; 30; 3:5; 6:7; 137); thus, the optimal _im(t) corresponds to the curve reported. Conclusion. AJM was significantly reduced in young T1DM patients. The mathematical model represents the experimental data accurately.
目标。即使在年轻的1型糖尿病(T1DM)患者中，血糖控制障碍也会导致关节活动受限。本研究的目的是验证年轻T1DM患者踝关节活动能力(AJM)缺陷的存在，并定义糖尿病对AJM长期影响的数学模型。方法。在37名患者和53名健康、性别- BMI和年龄匹配的对照组中，使用倾斜仪评估AJM。为了建立数学模型，我们假设代谢控制的降低根据对数正态函数影响AJM:需要一段时间来发展关节活动能力的降低，然后持续很长一段时间，然后随着时间的推移逐渐消失(如果血糖控制已经恢复)。非线性优化确定模型参数，以达到对一系列患者的最佳拟合。结果。糖尿病患者的足底和背屈度AJM均显著低于对照组(足底屈度:28.5°±7.5 vs 35.2°±6.5;背屈度:93.9°±16.0 vs 104.7±12.8;p < 0.01)。所定义的模型能较好地逼近实验数据;优化后得到的对数正态曲线符合经验估计:血糖控制不足至少需要持续几个月才能产生显著效果，持续时间长达一年。拟合过程表明，最优解为p = (37);30;3:5;者;137);因此，最优_im(t)对应于报告的曲线。结论。年轻T1DM患者的AJM显著降低。该数学模型准确地反映了实验数据。
{"title":"A mathematical model appraising the effect of metabolic control on joint mobility in young diabetic patients: a preliminary study","authors":"Piergiorgio Francia, B. Piccini, M. Gulisano, S. Toni, L. Bocchi","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-23007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-23007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The impairment of glycemic control can induce limited joint mobility even in young type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients. The aims of this study were to verify the presence of ankle joint mobility (AJM) deficits in young T1DM subjects and define a mathematical model of diabetes mellitus long-term effects on AJM. Methods. AJM was evaluated using an inclinometer in 37 patients and 53 healthy, sex- BMI- and age-matched controls. To set up the mathematical model, we assumed that reduced metabolic control affects AJM according to a lognormal function: requiring some time for development of a reduction of joint mobility, which then persists for a long period, before fading out over time (if glycemic control has been recovered). A non-linear optimization determined the model parameters to achieve the best fit for a series of patients. Results. Both plantar and dorsiflexion AJM was significantly lower in diabetic subjects than in controls (plantarflexion: 28.5°±7.5 vs 35.2°±6.5; dorsiflexion: 93.9°±16.0 vs 104.7±12.8; p<0.01). The defined model approximates the experimental data with good accuracy; after optimization, the lognormal curve obtained is in line with empirical estimates: lack of glycemic control needs to persist for at least a few months before producing a significant effect, that lasts up until one year. The fitting procedure indicated the optimal solution is p = (37; 30; 3:5; 6:7; 137); thus, the optimal _im(t) corresponds to the curve reported. Conclusion. AJM was significantly reduced in young T1DM patients. The mathematical model represents the experimental data accurately.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-23007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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