Italy’s museums possess an enormous patrimony of historical scientific artefacts. This raises important questions regarding the conservation and safeguard of such materials and prompts reflection as to the utility of current modalities of popularising science. The collections housed in scientific museums were created in order to promote scientific education by making science more accessible and more comprehensible. The authors ask whether this heritage can still be used for educational purposes today, and examine a collection of preparations on the ossification of human bones in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Siena. They conclude that such materials can still be of educational value if they are made part of exhibitions that meet the needs of the public and of students in training. Indeed, it is essential to bear witness to the long pathway of the development of scientific knowledge and, in particular, to the value of the research on which this knowledge is based. Through the implementation of ad hoc exhibitions, this precious historical scientific patrimony can continue to play an important role in presenting medical/healthcare issues of topical interest without losing sight of the relevance of past experience to basic teaching.
{"title":"The educational value, both past and present, of an ancient scientific collection: the collection of anatomical preparations illustrating the various phases of bone development, from the second month of intrauterine life to adulthood","authors":"M. Martini, M. Aglianó, D. Orsini","doi":"10.36253/ijae-12920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-12920","url":null,"abstract":"Italy’s museums possess an enormous patrimony of historical scientific artefacts. This raises important questions regarding the conservation and safeguard of such materials and prompts reflection as to the utility of current modalities of popularising science. The collections housed in scientific museums were created in order to promote scientific education by making science more accessible and more comprehensible. The authors ask whether this heritage can still be used for educational purposes today, and examine a collection of preparations on the ossification of human bones in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Siena. They conclude that such materials can still be of educational value if they are made part of exhibitions that meet the needs of the public and of students in training. Indeed, it is essential to bear witness to the long pathway of the development of scientific knowledge and, in particular, to the value of the research on which this knowledge is based. Through the implementation of ad hoc exhibitions, this precious historical scientific patrimony can continue to play an important role in presenting medical/healthcare issues of topical interest without losing sight of the relevance of past experience to basic teaching.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45505120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Relucenti, Francesca Alby, R. Heyn, Filomena Marino, Marilena Fatigante, S. Miglietta, P. Familiari, C. Zucchermaglio, G. Familiari, Eugenio Gaudio
On March 9, 2020 attendance classes in Italian universities were suspended due to Covid-19 Pandemic. Thanks to the fast actions put in place by Sapienza University Governance and to the efforts made by all components of the university, the face-to-face courses were turned into on-line courses in only one week. This sudden change has been an even more exciting challenge for the Faculties of Medicine, whose members were also involved in the frontline battle against the virus. Anatomy academics, recognizing the challenges as opportunities to innovate anatomy teaching, set up at the same time: a specific survey to investigate students’ perspective on educational preferences and their mood; a longitudinal quantitative study to compare, for the first time in the same student’s population, exam grades after face-to-face classes and after online classes. The students, although with different motivations, considered valid both modes of attendance. Exam grades statistical analysis showed that anatomy exam marks after the online course had a higher average value (statistically significant) and with an excellent correlation factor, compared to the marks obtained at the end of the face-to-face course. Considering our data as a whole, we can suggest that face-to-face classes and online classes, rather than being interchangeable education modes, should be considered as modes with different characteristics that offer different educational benefits. These advantages may have different relevance for individual students, depending on their specific needs and individual preferences. This suggests the opportunity to propose customizable courses, centered on the student’s needs.
{"title":"Face-to-face vs distance learning in human anatomy education: a longitudinal study of students’ perspective and learning outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Relucenti, Francesca Alby, R. Heyn, Filomena Marino, Marilena Fatigante, S. Miglietta, P. Familiari, C. Zucchermaglio, G. Familiari, Eugenio Gaudio","doi":"10.36253/ijae-12800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-12800","url":null,"abstract":"On March 9, 2020 attendance classes in Italian universities were suspended due to Covid-19 Pandemic. Thanks to the fast actions put in place by Sapienza University Governance and to the efforts made by all components of the university, the face-to-face courses were turned into on-line courses in only one week. This sudden change has been an even more exciting challenge for the Faculties of Medicine, whose members were also involved in the frontline battle against the virus. Anatomy academics, recognizing the challenges as opportunities to innovate anatomy teaching, set up at the same time: a specific survey to investigate students’ perspective on educational preferences and their mood; a longitudinal quantitative study to compare, for the first time in the same student’s population, exam grades after face-to-face classes and after online classes. The students, although with different motivations, considered valid both modes of attendance. Exam grades statistical analysis showed that anatomy exam marks after the online course had a higher average value (statistically significant) and with an excellent correlation factor, compared to the marks obtained at the end of the face-to-face course. Considering our data as a whole, we can suggest that face-to-face classes and online classes, rather than being interchangeable education modes, should be considered as modes with different characteristics that offer different educational benefits. These advantages may have different relevance for individual students, depending on their specific needs and individual preferences. This suggests the opportunity to propose customizable courses, centered on the student’s needs.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47222748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amr Maani, Alicja Forma, J. Baj, Ryszard Maciejewski
Embryology is an essential tool in clinical practice especially for managing various medical disorders. As a course in medical schools, it is neither easy nor straightforward to understand and teach in the 21st century curriculum, as such, it is easy to overlook. As a discipline, embryology has entered a phase of unparalleled transition in its understanding base. This translates to a phase of abundant modification in the medical curriculum. A main critical issue of learning embryology is how extensively newer molecular medical embryology can be paired with the traditional approach to developmental of anatomy. Another issue would be which venue to be considered most effective in embryology instruction. The medical curriculum in during 21st century have different objectives, as well as different educational approach. As a consequence, this paper outlines a variety of aspects in which embryology could be presented as well as how it may be incorporated within the medical curriculum.
{"title":"Medical Embryology and its Importance in the 21st Century Curriculum: A mini review","authors":"Amr Maani, Alicja Forma, J. Baj, Ryszard Maciejewski","doi":"10.36253/ijae-12966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-12966","url":null,"abstract":"Embryology is an essential tool in clinical practice especially for managing various medical disorders. As a course in medical schools, it is neither easy nor straightforward to understand and teach in the 21st century curriculum, as such, it is easy to overlook. As a discipline, embryology has entered a phase of unparalleled transition in its understanding base. This translates to a phase of abundant modification in the medical curriculum. A main critical issue of learning embryology is how extensively newer molecular medical embryology can be paired with the traditional approach to developmental of anatomy. Another issue would be which venue to be considered most effective in embryology instruction. The medical curriculum in during 21st century have different objectives, as well as different educational approach. As a consequence, this paper outlines a variety of aspects in which embryology could be presented as well as how it may be incorporated within the medical curriculum.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43488397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luiz Gabriel Dias Duarte Machado, L. Mevorach, Victor De Oliveira Corrêa, Maria Eugênia Martins Publio Correa, Gabriel Phillip Sinibaldi Eagers, Guilherme Rodrigues Guidoni, A. Santoro, P. H. Pires de Aguiar
Objective (or background): The hippocampus is a thoroughly studied structure of the temporal lobe. In contrast to our current knowledge of hippocampal anatomy, neurophysiology and pathophysiology, scientific literature on the relationship between the hippocampal size and age is limited. Our study aims to further the understanding of this relationship. Methods: 16 hippocampi were anatomized, photographed, measured and analyzed in comparison to age and gender using Pearson and bootstrap analyses with IBM SPSS®. Results: The results for all three independent variables of size, age and gender were not statistically significant. Conclusions: We were unable to show a statistically significant result on the correlation between the size of the hippocampus and age due to small sample size.
{"title":"Study of hippocampal size and age","authors":"Luiz Gabriel Dias Duarte Machado, L. Mevorach, Victor De Oliveira Corrêa, Maria Eugênia Martins Publio Correa, Gabriel Phillip Sinibaldi Eagers, Guilherme Rodrigues Guidoni, A. Santoro, P. H. Pires de Aguiar","doi":"10.36253/ijae-11867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-11867","url":null,"abstract":"Objective (or background): The hippocampus is a thoroughly studied structure of the temporal lobe. In contrast to our current knowledge of hippocampal anatomy, neurophysiology and pathophysiology, scientific literature on the relationship between the hippocampal size and age is limited. Our study aims to further the understanding of this relationship. Methods: 16 hippocampi were anatomized, photographed, measured and analyzed in comparison to age and gender using Pearson and bootstrap analyses with IBM SPSS®. Results: The results for all three independent variables of size, age and gender were not statistically significant. Conclusions: We were unable to show a statistically significant result on the correlation between the size of the hippocampus and age due to small sample size.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44804652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piergiorgio Francia, Carlo Ferri Marini, S. Toni, F. Lucertini, A. Federici, G. Iannone, F. Paternostro, B. Piccini
Soccer practice can induce marked changes in the lower limbs with dreaded short and long term consequences. We evaluated the possible effects of sport practice on lower limb posture and their relationships with ankle joint mobility (AJM). In 61 male Soccer players mean age 11.6±1.8 years, and in 50 Volleyball and Basketball players matched for age, sex and body mass index, lower limb posture and AJM in both plantar flexion and dorsiflexion were evaluated on the sagittal plane in supine position using, respectively, images analysis and an inclinometer. A multivariate analysis of variance was carried out to assess if the practice of different sports affects the leg posture (FP: angle between foot and leg) and foot posture (LP: angle between the foot and the line perpendicular to the ground). The sport practiced showed a significant multivariate effect on the lower limb posture. Soccer players showed a greater LP angle (169.2±4.3° vs 164.9±4.5°; p<0.001) and a lesser FP angle in both Basketball and Volleyball players (298.0±12.6° vs 305.6±10.9°; p<0.002). These differences were not present between the Basketball and Volleyball players. Soccer players showed a reduced AJM (127.6±15.7° vs. 138.8±21.6°; p<0.002) compared to the other subjects evaluated. The AJM was found directly correlated to the FP angle (p<0.005). The results of this study indicate that young Soccer players could show an altered posture of the leg and foot and a reduced AJM. The alterations of these parameters seem to be a consequence of the sport practice.
{"title":"Lower limb posture and joint mobility in young Soccer players","authors":"Piergiorgio Francia, Carlo Ferri Marini, S. Toni, F. Lucertini, A. Federici, G. Iannone, F. Paternostro, B. Piccini","doi":"10.36253/ijae-12105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-12105","url":null,"abstract":"Soccer practice can induce marked changes in the lower limbs with dreaded short and long term consequences. We evaluated the possible effects of sport practice on lower limb posture and their relationships with ankle joint mobility (AJM). In 61 male Soccer players mean age 11.6±1.8 years, and in 50 Volleyball and Basketball players matched for age, sex and body mass index, lower limb posture and AJM in both plantar flexion and dorsiflexion were evaluated on the sagittal plane in supine position using, respectively, images analysis and an inclinometer. A multivariate analysis of variance was carried out to assess if the practice of different sports affects the leg posture (FP: angle between foot and leg) and foot posture (LP: angle between the foot and the line perpendicular to the ground). The sport practiced showed a significant multivariate effect on the lower limb posture. Soccer players showed a greater LP angle (169.2±4.3° vs 164.9±4.5°; p<0.001) and a lesser FP angle in both Basketball and Volleyball players (298.0±12.6° vs 305.6±10.9°; p<0.002). These differences were not present between the Basketball and Volleyball players. Soccer players showed a reduced AJM (127.6±15.7° vs. 138.8±21.6°; p<0.002) compared to the other subjects evaluated. The AJM was found directly correlated to the FP angle (p<0.005). The results of this study indicate that young Soccer players could show an altered posture of the leg and foot and a reduced AJM. The alterations of these parameters seem to be a consequence of the sport practice. ","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42253736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jihad A. M. Alzyoud, Khaldun Jacoub, Samya A. Omoush, A. A. Al-Shudiefat
Objectives: Divine golden ratio (Phi = 1.618) observed in several human body parts such as, heart, dentition and upper limb tends to present homeostasis in anatomy and physiology. This cross sectional survey study investigates the relationship of golden ratio with BMI, GPA, gender and blood serotypes in Jordan. Methods: Demographic features including GPA, body weight, lengths of some body parts and ABO/Rh blood groups were measured for 380 undergraduate students of matched age (19.14±0.76) and matched sex ratio. Navel-Foot/Height, Forearm-Hand/Armpit-hand and BMI were calculated. Golden ratio fitness was calculated based on phi and standard deviation of collected data. Results showed significant gender differences in the means for all body lengths measured, GPA, BMI, and calculated ratios. Golden ratio fitted bodies students were 40.5% (Females > males). The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15% (females < males), while 80% (females > males) have normal weight. Among the overweight and obese students 77.2% (44/57, females less than males) lies outside the golden ratio. The overall prevalence of GPA grades above good were 51.3% (females > males) and among them 47.7% (93/195, females > males) fit golden ratio while 67.2% of the good or below GPA grades (121/180, females < males) did not fit golden ratio. No significant difference between ABO-Rh system related to gender or golden ratio fitness. Statistically, a significant association was found between golden ratio and the three parameters BMI, GPA and gender. Conclusions: Students who are golden ratio fitted bodies were more likely to have better BMI and GPA especially females.
{"title":"Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man, Golden Ratio and Anthropometrics","authors":"Jihad A. M. Alzyoud, Khaldun Jacoub, Samya A. Omoush, A. A. Al-Shudiefat","doi":"10.36253/ijae-10743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-10743","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Divine golden ratio (Phi = 1.618) observed in several human body parts such as, heart, dentition and upper limb tends to present homeostasis in anatomy and physiology. This cross sectional survey study investigates the relationship of golden ratio with BMI, GPA, gender and blood serotypes in Jordan. \u0000Methods: Demographic features including GPA, body weight, lengths of some body parts and ABO/Rh blood groups were measured for 380 undergraduate students of matched age (19.14±0.76) and matched sex ratio. Navel-Foot/Height, Forearm-Hand/Armpit-hand and BMI were calculated. Golden ratio fitness was calculated based on phi and standard deviation of collected data. \u0000Results showed significant gender differences in the means for all body lengths measured, GPA, BMI, and calculated ratios. Golden ratio fitted bodies students were 40.5% (Females > males). The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15% (females < males), while 80% (females > males) have normal weight. Among the overweight and obese students 77.2% (44/57, females less than males) lies outside the golden ratio. The overall prevalence of GPA grades above good were 51.3% (females > males) and among them 47.7% (93/195, females > males) fit golden ratio while 67.2% of the good or below GPA grades (121/180, females < males) did not fit golden ratio. No significant difference between ABO-Rh system related to gender or golden ratio fitness. Statistically, a significant association was found between golden ratio and the three parameters BMI, GPA and gender. \u0000Conclusions: Students who are golden ratio fitted bodies were more likely to have better BMI and GPA especially females.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47373246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Blood supply to the arm and forearm is conveyed by the brachial artery and its branches, the radial and the ulnar artery. Variations in these arteries are being increasingly reported in many studies. Most of these variations observed are mostly in the course and branching pattern of these arteries and have been accounted to be due to developmental defect, from varied causes. Materials and Methods: In the present study dissection was done on fifty seven upper limb specimens obtained from the college of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oman. Variations observed in the origin and course of the arteries in the arm and forearm, were noted and later photographed. Results: Out of the fifty seven upper limb specimens studied variations were noted in four limbs. In one limb there was a superficial branch originating from the brachial artery, that later divided into superficial radial and ulnar arteries. In two limbs the brachial artery was superficial to the median nerve, in one of them the brachial artery coursing superficial to the median nerve had a tortuous course. Superficial course of ulnar artery in the forearm was noted in another limb. Conclusion: Surgical procedures are being increasingly done on the upper limb arteries, these procedures are either diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, such as arteriography, flap harvesting, creating arteriovenous fistulas etc. Knowledge of the variations in the upper limb arteries is essential before any surgical intervention is planned in the upper limb arteries in order to prevent unnecessary complications.
{"title":"Variations in the arteries of the upper limb - a clinical apropos","authors":"S. Kore, N. Vishwakarma","doi":"10.36253/ijae-11980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-11980","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Blood supply to the arm and forearm is conveyed by the brachial artery and its branches, the radial and the ulnar artery. Variations in these arteries are being increasingly reported in many studies. Most of these variations observed are mostly in the course and branching pattern of these arteries and have been accounted to be due to developmental defect, from varied causes. \u0000Materials and Methods: In the present study dissection was done on fifty seven upper limb specimens obtained from the college of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oman. Variations observed in the origin and course of the arteries in the arm and forearm, were noted and later photographed. \u0000Results: Out of the fifty seven upper limb specimens studied variations were noted in four limbs. In one limb there was a superficial branch originating from the brachial artery, that later divided into superficial radial and ulnar arteries. In two limbs the brachial artery was superficial to the median nerve, in one of them the brachial artery coursing superficial to the median nerve had a tortuous course. Superficial course of ulnar artery in the forearm was noted in another limb. \u0000Conclusion: Surgical procedures are being increasingly done on the upper limb arteries, these procedures are either diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, such as arteriography, flap harvesting, creating arteriovenous fistulas etc. Knowledge of the variations in the upper limb arteries is essential before any surgical intervention is planned in the upper limb arteries in order to prevent unnecessary complications.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46591890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The styloid process is a subtle process of variable length that originates from the petrous part of temporal bone . From the process originate three muscles: the stylopharyngeus,the styloglossus, the stylohyoideus and two ligaments :stylohyoid and stylomandibular . The styled process of the temporal bone has a variable length as demonstrated for studies conducted in three-dimensional computed tomography or dental panoramic three-dimensional scanning,and in dried skulls The normal length of the styloid process is particularly important to establish for the relations of closeness with vascular and nervous structures and their possible compression by an elongated styloid process.Several studies have focused on the effects of changes in length and course of the styloid process, highlighting the relations of the carotid artery and the glossopharyngeal nerve to explain cerebrovascular symptoms or Eagle’s syndrome characterized by neck pain and dysphagia .However the association for the abnormal length of styloid process and Eagle’s syndrome is not always present and many cases are asymptomatic. In the present study we propose a review of the studies performed with different in vivo radiological techniques and on dried skull collections on the normal and pathological length of the stiloyd process and on its association with the Eagle’s syndrome. We also present a morphometric study carried out in dried skulls of our museum collection.The results are discussed in light of the possible variations in the muscular and ligamentous structures consequent to the elongation of the styloid process.
{"title":"Elongated styloid process: literature review and morphometric data on a collection of dried skulls","authors":"M. Guarna, P. Lorenzoni, N. Volpi, M. Aglianó","doi":"10.36253/ijae-11871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-11871","url":null,"abstract":"The styloid process is a subtle process of variable length that originates from the petrous part of temporal bone . From the process originate three muscles: the stylopharyngeus,the styloglossus, the stylohyoideus and two ligaments :stylohyoid and stylomandibular . The styled process of the temporal bone has a variable length as demonstrated for studies conducted in three-dimensional computed tomography or dental panoramic three-dimensional scanning,and in dried skulls The normal length of the styloid process is particularly important to establish for the relations of closeness with vascular and nervous structures and their possible compression by an elongated styloid process.Several studies have focused on the effects of changes in length and course of the styloid process, highlighting the relations of the carotid artery and the glossopharyngeal nerve to explain cerebrovascular symptoms or Eagle’s syndrome characterized by neck pain and dysphagia .However the association for the abnormal length of styloid process and Eagle’s syndrome is not always present and many cases are asymptomatic. In the present study we propose a review of the studies performed with different in vivo radiological techniques and on dried skull collections on the normal and pathological length of the stiloyd process and on its association with the Eagle’s syndrome. We also present a morphometric study carried out in dried skulls of our museum collection.The results are discussed in light of the possible variations in the muscular and ligamentous structures consequent to the elongation of the styloid process.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46649725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Wen Key, Zi-Bin Ng, N. M. Al-Namnam, P. Nambiar, W. Ngeow, W. Chai, Zhi Yin Joan Lim
Purpose: To evaluate the position of the mental foramen among Malaysian Malays and Chinese based on the biometrics of the lower dentition and mandibular arch dimensions. Materials and methods: The horizontal and vertical position of mental foramen in relation to the midline, roots of teeth, mesiodistal dimension of the anterior and posterior teeth, and the mandibular arch length and width were measured and evaluated in 65 Cone-Beam Computed Tomography scans. Results: The location of mental foramen was predominantly located either between 1st and 2nd premolar or below 2nd premolar. There were no significant differences for all measurements of the mandible in relation to gender and ethnicities. There was a positive correlation of the mesiodistal diameter of the teeth with the mandibular arch length and width. However, mandibular arch length and width did not affect the location of the mental foramen. Conclusions: As the size of the teeth increases, the mandibular arch length and the width increase concurrently. However, regardless of the changes in the biometrics of the mandibular dentition and the arch dimensions, the anatomical position of the mental foramen remains the same. The mental foramen was located at the ratio of 0.5 vertically and 0.27 horizontally in the mandible. The inter-foramina distance of 51.36 mm suggests that Malaysian Mongoloids had sufficient space to receive five implants rigidly joined with a bar.
{"title":"The location of the mental foramen in relation to the biometrics of the lower dentition and mandibular arch: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yi Wen Key, Zi-Bin Ng, N. M. Al-Namnam, P. Nambiar, W. Ngeow, W. Chai, Zhi Yin Joan Lim","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13035","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the position of the mental foramen among Malaysian Malays and Chinese based on the biometrics of the lower dentition and mandibular arch dimensions. \u0000Materials and methods: The horizontal and vertical position of mental foramen in relation to the midline, roots of teeth, mesiodistal dimension of the anterior and posterior teeth, and the mandibular arch length and width were measured and evaluated in 65 Cone-Beam Computed Tomography scans. \u0000Results: The location of mental foramen was predominantly located either between 1st and 2nd premolar or below 2nd premolar. There were no significant differences for all measurements of the mandible in relation to gender and ethnicities. There was a positive correlation of the mesiodistal diameter of the teeth with the mandibular arch length and width. However, mandibular arch length and width did not affect the location of the mental foramen. \u0000Conclusions: As the size of the teeth increases, the mandibular arch length and the width increase concurrently. However, regardless of the changes in the biometrics of the mandibular dentition and the arch dimensions, the anatomical position of the mental foramen remains the same. The mental foramen was located at the ratio of 0.5 vertically and 0.27 horizontally in the mandible. The inter-foramina distance of 51.36 mm suggests that Malaysian Mongoloids had sufficient space to receive five implants rigidly joined with a bar.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41652417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A COVID 19 pandemic led to the closure of Mozambican schools. The government urged educational institutions to start the distance learning process during this period of sudden and unprecedented interruption. In Mozambique, 7.993.520 students at all levels were affected, with 213.9309 from higher education. This work aims to describe a teaching experience in anatomy at a private university in Mozambique.
{"title":"The teaching of anatomy during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"M. S. Dadá, Abdul Habib Mahomed Dadá","doi":"10.36253/ijae-12560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-12560","url":null,"abstract":"A COVID 19 pandemic led to the closure of Mozambican schools. The government urged educational institutions to start the distance learning process during this period of sudden and unprecedented interruption. In Mozambique, 7.993.520 students at all levels were affected, with 213.9309 from higher education. This work aims to describe a teaching experience in anatomy at a private university in Mozambique.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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