Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic pathology characterized by extensive inflammation, which causes a functional alteration of the intestinal barrier. Today most of the drugs applied for IBD have adverse consequences. In this scenario, the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of IBD is necessary. A new approach to develop effective therapeutic strategies is the study of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Saffron petals contain flavonolic glycosides (kaempferol), carotenoids (crocin and crocetin) and anthocyanin pigments, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, kaempferol and crocin identified in Saffron Petal Extract (SPE), has been able to reduce oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of SPE on inflamed human intestinal Caco2 cells that mimic the intestinal microenvironment. We have demonstrated that SPE, down-regulating the expression of the ubiquitine FBW7, inhibits the degradation of the IKB-α subunit and keeps NF-κB in the inactive state. This leads downstream to a reduced activation of inducible molecules (iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1) involved on intestinal inflammatory process. In conclusion, since FBW7 increases in colon tissue of IBD patients, SPE may represent an attractive and promising supplementary treatment for the therapeutic management of IBD with conventional therapies.
{"title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): a novel biological role of saffron petal extracts as a modulator of phlogistic pathway via FBW7/NF-kB in Caco-2 cell line LPS-stimulated","authors":"Federica De Cecco, S. Franceschelli, L. Speranza","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13801","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic pathology characterized by extensive inflammation, which causes a functional alteration of the intestinal barrier. Today most of the drugs applied for IBD have adverse consequences. In this scenario, the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of IBD is necessary. A new approach to develop effective therapeutic strategies is the study of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Saffron petals contain flavonolic glycosides (kaempferol), carotenoids (crocin and crocetin) and anthocyanin pigments, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, kaempferol and crocin identified in Saffron Petal Extract (SPE), has been able to reduce oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of SPE on inflamed human intestinal Caco2 cells that mimic the intestinal microenvironment. We have demonstrated that SPE, down-regulating the expression of the ubiquitine FBW7, inhibits the degradation of the IKB-α subunit and keeps NF-κB in the inactive state. This leads downstream to a reduced activation of inducible molecules (iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1) involved on intestinal inflammatory process. In conclusion, since FBW7 increases in colon tissue of IBD patients, SPE may represent an attractive and promising supplementary treatment for the therapeutic management of IBD with conventional therapies.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49497185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to carry out a review about the role of applied load on bone development and homeostasis and its implications in dental implantology. The history of theoretical bone physiology has been evaluated in detail. The modern theory of bone physiology is consistent with the integration among regional acceleratory phenomenon, Utah paradigm, and mechanostat hypothesis: bone modelling and remodelling respond to pleiotropic stimuli. To date, several histologic, in silico and in vitro studies in implant dentistry corroborate the theories about bone physiology. However, each evaluation method has pros and cons, providing analytical data that can only be used to esteem the in vivo behaviour of the bone-implant system. There is the need of further research with highly validated methods and improved measurement devices, to better integrate data form different research types. This would progressively lead to more structured comprehension of the in vivo performance of dental implants and their surrounding bone, and hopefully to a clear definition of the impact of loading on implant failure.
{"title":"The role of the applied load in bone homeostasis and its implications in implant dentistry: a mini-review","authors":"F. Valente, O. Trubiani, T. Traini","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13786","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to carry out a review about the role of applied load on bone development and homeostasis and its implications in dental implantology. The history of theoretical bone physiology has been evaluated in detail. The modern theory of bone physiology is consistent with the integration among regional acceleratory phenomenon, Utah paradigm, and mechanostat hypothesis: bone modelling and remodelling respond to pleiotropic stimuli. To date, several histologic, in silico and in vitro studies in implant dentistry corroborate the theories about bone physiology. However, each evaluation method has pros and cons, providing analytical data that can only be used to esteem the in vivo behaviour of the bone-implant system. There is the need of further research with highly validated methods and improved measurement devices, to better integrate data form different research types. This would progressively lead to more structured comprehension of the in vivo performance of dental implants and their surrounding bone, and hopefully to a clear definition of the impact of loading on implant failure.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46480534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Botondi, E. D’Adamo, O. Trubiani, D. Gazzolo
Neonatal early-onset sepsis represents one of the most common diseases leading to morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A prompt diagnosis is still a challenge in the clinical practice due to several biases affecting the current standard of care performance. In this regard, the soluble cluster of differentiation CD14 subtype, namely Presepsin, has been shown to be a promising diagnostic biomarker of sepsis in newborns. Although Presepsin provides high accuracy and short results output, its reliability in daily clinical practice is still an issue that needs further investigation. Therefore, in the present review we offer an overview of Presepsin role as diagnostic tool of early-neonatal onset sepsis.
{"title":"Presepsin: a biomarker of early-onset neonatal sepsis","authors":"Valentina Botondi, E. D’Adamo, O. Trubiani, D. Gazzolo","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13787","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal early-onset sepsis represents one of the most common diseases leading to morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A prompt diagnosis is still a challenge in the clinical practice due to several biases affecting the current standard of care performance. In this regard, the soluble cluster of differentiation CD14 subtype, namely Presepsin, has been shown to be a promising diagnostic biomarker of sepsis in newborns. Although Presepsin provides high accuracy and short results output, its reliability in daily clinical practice is still an issue that needs further investigation. Therefore, in the present review we offer an overview of Presepsin role as diagnostic tool of early-neonatal onset sepsis.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ylenia Della Rocca, J. Pizzicannella, G. Marconi, Luigia Fonticoli, O. Trubiani, F. Diomede
Hypoxia has an impact on pathological conditions of different tissues and especially on the heart where it can have different consequences depending on the duration of exposure to the hypoxic state. Acute hypoxic exposure can result in reversible acclimatization in heart tissue, maintaining a good systemic oxygen supply, while chronic hypoxic exposure leads to tissue damage exacerbating hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles, of the order of nanometers, secreted by different cell types. EVs are mediators of intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs produced by oral-cavity-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), including human gingival mesenchymal stem cells, have pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. For this reason, the EVs can be identify as a new therapeutic potential for tissue regeneration. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of treatment with EVs produced by human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) on an in vitro model of HL-1 cardiomyocytes cultured under acute hypoxia state (0,2% hypoxia) followed by normoxia conditions. The HIF-1α expression was downregulate with EVs treatment. EVs could represent an innovative platform to prevent the hypoxic damages.
{"title":"Role of extracellular vesicles derived by human gingival mesenchymal stem cells in cardiomyocytes acute hypoxia","authors":"Ylenia Della Rocca, J. Pizzicannella, G. Marconi, Luigia Fonticoli, O. Trubiani, F. Diomede","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13785","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia has an impact on pathological conditions of different tissues and especially on the heart where it can have different consequences depending on the duration of exposure to the hypoxic state. Acute hypoxic exposure can result in reversible acclimatization in heart tissue, maintaining a good systemic oxygen supply, while chronic hypoxic exposure leads to tissue damage exacerbating hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles, of the order of nanometers, secreted by different cell types. EVs are mediators of intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs produced by oral-cavity-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), including human gingival mesenchymal stem cells, have pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. For this reason, the EVs can be identify as a new therapeutic potential for tissue regeneration. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of treatment with EVs produced by human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) on an in vitro model of HL-1 cardiomyocytes cultured under acute hypoxia state (0,2% hypoxia) followed by normoxia conditions. The HIF-1α expression was downregulate with EVs treatment. EVs could represent an innovative platform to prevent the hypoxic damages.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46375677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luigi Falconio, O. Trubiani, D. Gazzolo, F. Valente, T. Traini
Odontogenic infections can cause serious inflammatory problems of the soft and hard tissues in the maxillofacial area up to, albeit in quite remote circumstances, involvement of the brain tissues. In recent years, therefore, a holistic diagnostic-therapeutic approach has been developed in the management of odontogenic infections by carrying out a careful systemic history of the patient who has an infectious condition in the oral cavity. The early detection of systemic sepsis conditions was facilitated using serum biomarkers such as PCR, Procalcitonin (PCT) and Presepsin (PSEP) in hospital emergency rooms. However, even if used in combination, their diagnostic accuracy is such as to suggest the importance of researching new, more specific, and sensitive biomarkers. A total of 9 articles was analyzed to investigate the use of the PSEP as biomarker in the maxillo-facial region infections and including only English-language articles and the electronic search of publications from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of presepsin in condition of sepsis derived from an odontogenic infection and to evaluate its use in the prognostic evaluation phase of surgical interventions performed in the maxillofacial area.
{"title":"Presepsin assessment in maxillo-facial infections: a new early biomarker of sepsis?","authors":"Luigi Falconio, O. Trubiani, D. Gazzolo, F. Valente, T. Traini","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13797","url":null,"abstract":"Odontogenic infections can cause serious inflammatory problems of the soft and hard tissues in the maxillofacial area up to, albeit in quite remote circumstances, involvement of the brain tissues. In recent years, therefore, a holistic diagnostic-therapeutic approach has been developed in the management of odontogenic infections by carrying out a careful systemic history of the patient who has an infectious condition in the oral cavity. The early detection of systemic sepsis conditions was facilitated using serum biomarkers such as PCR, Procalcitonin (PCT) and Presepsin (PSEP) in hospital emergency rooms. However, even if used in combination, their diagnostic accuracy is such as to suggest the importance of researching new, more specific, and sensitive biomarkers. A total of 9 articles was analyzed to investigate the use of the PSEP as biomarker in the maxillo-facial region infections and including only English-language articles and the electronic search of publications from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of presepsin in condition of sepsis derived from an odontogenic infection and to evaluate its use in the prognostic evaluation phase of surgical interventions performed in the maxillofacial area.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44379443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mazzone, M. C. Di Marcantonio, Valentina Puca, Beatrice Marinacci, G. Nannini, Simone Guarnieri, A. Amedei, G. Mincione, Raffaella Mincione
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is an important risk factor for GC. However, the etiology of the tumor is multifactorial, since only 1-3% of infected patients develop cancer. Therefore, attention should be focused on the role of microbiota in gastric tumorigenesis since in some studies an alteration of the microbiota in GC has been shown. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been found in biopsies of patients with GC. However, since its role is not clearly established, this study investigated the effects of Fn infection on the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS. Our results showed that Fn co-localized at level of the plasma membrane demonstrating the ability of Fn to adhere to AGS cells. In addition, increases in incubation times were associated with its intra-cellular localization with loss of the classic curved rod shape. Interestingly, Fn determined a greater capacity of cell migration compared to untreated AGS cells. Moreover, IL-4 expression significantly increased in Fn infected GC cells. Since cancer cell migration is an integral component of the metastatic process, additional studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the Fn/host interaction.
{"title":"Effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum on migration and cytokines production of ags gastric adenocarcinoma cell line","authors":"M. Mazzone, M. C. Di Marcantonio, Valentina Puca, Beatrice Marinacci, G. Nannini, Simone Guarnieri, A. Amedei, G. Mincione, Raffaella Mincione","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13798","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is an important risk factor for GC. However, the etiology of the tumor is multifactorial, since only 1-3% of infected patients develop cancer. Therefore, attention should be focused on the role of microbiota in gastric tumorigenesis since in some studies an alteration of the microbiota in GC has been shown. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been found in biopsies of patients with GC. However, since its role is not clearly established, this study investigated the effects of Fn infection on the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS. Our results showed that Fn co-localized at level of the plasma membrane demonstrating the ability of Fn to adhere to AGS cells. In addition, increases in incubation times were associated with its intra-cellular localization with loss of the classic curved rod shape. Interestingly, Fn determined a greater capacity of cell migration compared to untreated AGS cells. Moreover, IL-4 expression significantly increased in Fn infected GC cells. Since cancer cell migration is an integral component of the metastatic process, additional studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the Fn/host interaction.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46561472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The publication of the compendium Pantegni by Constantinus Africanus in the monastery of Monte Cassino in the eleventh century CE was a pivotal moment in the history of medicine in Western Europe. The work is predominantly based on the Liber regalis by Haly Abbas (Baghdad, tenth century CE). The earliest available manuscript of the Pantegni (KB 73 J6) is handwritten and has been supervised by Constantinus himself. It includes a chapter on ocular anatomy. In this paper we try to distill the anatomic description by Constantinus. Methods: The chapter “de oculis” on ocular anatomy as found in chapter 13 of book 3 in KB 73 J6 is interpreted in the historical context and translated into Modern English. Results: We present an English translation of the concerning chapter. Conclusion: Constantinus bequeathed a compact but comprehensive account of the anatomy of the eye, which can be rendered into a contemporary representation with use of the historical context.
{"title":"“De oculis”, a chapter on ocular anatomy by Constantinus Africanus","authors":"B. F. Hogewind, Françoise E. I. Hogewind","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13351","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The publication of the compendium Pantegni by Constantinus Africanus in the monastery of Monte Cassino in the eleventh century CE was a pivotal moment in the history of medicine in Western Europe. The work is predominantly based on the Liber regalis by Haly Abbas (Baghdad, tenth century CE). The earliest available manuscript of the Pantegni (KB 73 J6) is handwritten and has been supervised by Constantinus himself. It includes a chapter on ocular anatomy. In this paper we try to distill the anatomic description by Constantinus. \u0000Methods: The chapter “de oculis” on ocular anatomy as found in chapter 13 of book 3 in KB 73 J6 is interpreted in the historical context and translated into Modern English. \u0000Results: We present an English translation of the concerning chapter. \u0000Conclusion: Constantinus bequeathed a compact but comprehensive account of the anatomy of the eye, which can be rendered into a contemporary representation with use of the historical context.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceroplastic, the art of wax modelling, is a depiction mode that has been used widely throughout time for artistic, religious and social purposes. During the 16th Century, ceroplastic became also an essential tool for medical education thanks to the creation of the first anatomical wax models. For centuries, anatomists have worked with artists with the aim of producing faithful and long-lasting wax artefacts that reproduce physiological and/or pathological conditions. Important figures such as Ercole Lelli and Anna Morandi Manzolini refined the techniques of the anatomical wax modelling and created works that are to date preciously conserved. The scientific and didactic value of these works was indisputable, for wax anatomical models have deeply facilitated the education of medical students in that time. Nowadays, a similar impact on medical education is given by new technologies such as augmented reality, that allows the addition of virtual contents to tangible anatomical 3D models. Under this light, anatomical wax models and augmented reality can be compared as two innovative tools that have changed the history of anatomical teaching.
{"title":"Anatomy and Ceroplastic School in Bologna: a heritage with unexpected perspective","authors":"L. Manzoli, Stefano Ratti, L. Cocco","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13733","url":null,"abstract":"Ceroplastic, the art of wax modelling, is a depiction mode that has been used widely throughout time for artistic, religious and social purposes. During the 16th Century, ceroplastic became also an essential tool for medical education thanks to the creation of the first anatomical wax models. For centuries, anatomists have worked with artists with the aim of producing faithful and long-lasting wax artefacts that reproduce physiological and/or pathological conditions. Important figures such as Ercole Lelli and Anna Morandi Manzolini refined the techniques of the anatomical wax modelling and created works that are to date preciously conserved. The scientific and didactic value of these works was indisputable, for wax anatomical models have deeply facilitated the education of medical students in that time. Nowadays, a similar impact on medical education is given by new technologies such as augmented reality, that allows the addition of virtual contents to tangible anatomical 3D models. Under this light, anatomical wax models and augmented reality can be compared as two innovative tools that have changed the history of anatomical teaching.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the human remains of the tomb complex built by the ancient Egyptian high ranking official “Ipi” (4th Dynasty, ca. 2700-2600 BCE) in the Lower Egyptian necropolis of Dahshur-South. Beyond burials from the tomb owner and his family from the Old Kingdom, the complex was re-used until the Late Period. The excavated material presented the human remains of at least 73 individuals. Unfortunately, initial excavations had collected and mixed individual burials, so that individual identification in most skeletons was not possible. Later excavations presented complete individual burials. The custom typical of the New Kingdom until the Late Period of transnasal trephination offered, even with the mixed burials, a collection of 23 disturbed adults’ skulls (New Kingdom until Late Period) and 33 skulls of undisturbed adults (Old Kingdom). In these two groups sex ratios were fairly balanced. Most adult individuals died between 20 to 30 years. There were relatively few immature burials and a single skeleton was that of a 7th lunar month fetus, an obvious stillbirth; total number of immature was 10 (17.8%). Numerous paleopathological observations indicated the considerable impact of living conditions and health. There were 12 cases with healed traumatic sequelae including one with a healed ankylosed fracture of the knee and another with a fracture of the humerus, three cases of nonspecific osteomyelitis, three cases highly suggestive of spinal tuberculosis, one with evidence of metabolic bone disease from vitamin deficiency, and two cases with malignant bone tumours; one with multiple metastases of the vertebrae, and the other chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. Also, typical pathological changes were seen in teeth and jaws. Finally, the rate of osteoarthrosis of large joints and that of spondylosis suggest significant work load. These findings indicate various ailments either due to heavy work load (arthrosis and spondylosis, traumatic sequelae), or to the living conditions (tooth abrasion by sand ingestion; tuberculosis due to foundation of settlements and townships), metabolic osteopathies possibly due to parasitic diseases and/ or malnutrition. These skeletal remains therefore contribute to our understanding of ancient Egyptian life and diseases.
{"title":"Ancient Egyptian paleopathology – The population of the tomb of IPI, necropolis of Dahshur-South","authors":"A. Nerlich","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13735","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the human remains of the tomb complex built by the ancient Egyptian high ranking official “Ipi” (4th Dynasty, ca. 2700-2600 BCE) in the Lower Egyptian necropolis of Dahshur-South. Beyond burials from the tomb owner and his family from the Old Kingdom, the complex was re-used until the Late Period. The excavated material presented the human remains of at least 73 individuals. Unfortunately, initial excavations had collected and mixed individual burials, so that individual identification in most skeletons was not possible. Later excavations presented complete individual burials. The custom typical of the New Kingdom until the Late Period of transnasal trephination offered, even with the mixed burials, a collection of 23 disturbed adults’ skulls (New Kingdom until Late Period) and 33 skulls of undisturbed adults (Old Kingdom). In these two groups sex ratios were fairly balanced. Most adult individuals died between 20 to 30 years. There were relatively few immature burials and a single skeleton was that of a 7th lunar month fetus, an obvious stillbirth; total number of immature was 10 (17.8%). Numerous paleopathological observations indicated the considerable impact of living conditions and health. There were 12 cases with healed traumatic sequelae including one with a healed ankylosed fracture of the knee and another with a fracture of the humerus, three cases of nonspecific osteomyelitis, three cases highly suggestive of spinal tuberculosis, one with evidence of metabolic bone disease from vitamin deficiency, and two cases with malignant bone tumours; one with multiple metastases of the vertebrae, and the other chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. Also, typical pathological changes were seen in teeth and jaws. Finally, the rate of osteoarthrosis of large joints and that of spondylosis suggest significant work load. These findings indicate various ailments either due to heavy work load (arthrosis and spondylosis, traumatic sequelae), or to the living conditions (tooth abrasion by sand ingestion; tuberculosis due to foundation of settlements and townships), metabolic osteopathies possibly due to parasitic diseases and/ or malnutrition. These skeletal remains therefore contribute to our understanding of ancient Egyptian life and diseases.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42254353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We observed the upward displacement of the femoral heads in the skeletal remains of two females unearthed from the medieval cemetery of the monastery of Santa Maria in Valle, in Cividale del Friuli (North-Eastern Italy). Examination of bone vestiges suggests the diagnosis of hip dislocation as the consequence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. In addition, in the youngest subject the first sacral vertebra appears lumbarized and shows the unilateral defect of the right pars interarticularis. Developmental dysplasia of the hip is one of the most common congenital diseases of the musculoskeletal system in newborns. Findings suggest that the skeletons belong to two nuns, who perhaps enter monastic life precisely because of their pathology.
我们观察到，在意大利东北部Cividale del Friuli瓦莱圣玛利亚修道院中世纪墓地出土的两具女性遗骸中，股骨头向上移位。骨残留检查提示髋关节脱位的诊断是髋关节发育不良的结果。此外，在最年轻的受试者中，第一节骶骨出现腰痛，并显示右侧关节间部单侧缺损。发育性髋关节发育不良是新生儿最常见的先天性肌肉骨骼系统疾病之一。研究结果表明，这些骨骼属于两名修女，她们进入修道院生活可能正是因为她们的病理学。
{"title":"The limping nuns. Two cases of hip dislocation in a medieval female monastery","authors":"Paola Saccheri, L. Travan","doi":"10.36253/ijae-13633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13633","url":null,"abstract":"We observed the upward displacement of the femoral heads in the skeletal remains of two females unearthed from the medieval cemetery of the monastery of Santa Maria in Valle, in Cividale del Friuli (North-Eastern Italy). Examination of bone vestiges suggests the diagnosis of hip dislocation as the consequence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. In addition, in the youngest subject the first sacral vertebra appears lumbarized and shows the unilateral defect of the right pars interarticularis. Developmental dysplasia of the hip is one of the most common congenital diseases of the musculoskeletal system in newborns. Findings suggest that the skeletons belong to two nuns, who perhaps enter monastic life precisely because of their pathology.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45046843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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