Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.1163/22238980-BJA10023
Zipora Tietel, Shirin Kahremany, G. Cohen, N. Ogen-Shtern
Jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneider is an evergreen shrub widely grown in Israel, the Middle East, South America, Africa, India and Australia used as an agricultural crop for commercial purposes and as a source of its non-edible natural wax. It is widely used in pharmaceutics and cosmetic formulation due to its unique structural characteristics and beneficial health effects. In addition, extensive work has been published on the plant’s health-promoting activities, ranging from antioxidant activities to the treatment of cancer. Being a rich source of natural liquid wax, the majority of research regarding jojoba focuses on its applications, as well as on the ability to exploit the residual plant materials obtained in its production. To date, several potent phytochemicals have been attributed to its medicinal properties, e.g. simmondsin and phenolic compounds. The current review emphasizes the evidence-based medicinal qualities of the wax and plant extracts and highlights the gaps of knowledge in these research areas and the importance of acquiring additional understanding of jojoba distinctive traits.
{"title":"Medicinal properties of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)","authors":"Zipora Tietel, Shirin Kahremany, G. Cohen, N. Ogen-Shtern","doi":"10.1163/22238980-BJA10023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-BJA10023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneider is an evergreen shrub widely grown in Israel, the Middle East, South America, Africa, India and Australia used as an agricultural crop for commercial purposes and as a source of its non-edible natural wax. It is widely used in pharmaceutics and cosmetic formulation due to its unique structural characteristics and beneficial health effects. In addition, extensive work has been published on the plant’s health-promoting activities, ranging from antioxidant activities to the treatment of cancer. Being a rich source of natural liquid wax, the majority of research regarding jojoba focuses on its applications, as well as on the ability to exploit the residual plant materials obtained in its production. To date, several potent phytochemicals have been attributed to its medicinal properties, e.g. simmondsin and phenolic compounds. The current review emphasizes the evidence-based medicinal qualities of the wax and plant extracts and highlights the gaps of knowledge in these research areas and the importance of acquiring additional understanding of jojoba distinctive traits.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.1163/22238980-BJA10022
R. Ofir
Terpenes and flavonoids are metabolites produced by many plants, including cannabis plants. Studies suggest that combined treatment based on synergism between plant metabolites has the potential to act better than a single compound. It may be true in the case of cannabis also: the plant content may act better than ‘pure’ cbd. The mode of action of synergism may involve interaction of terpenes/flavonoids with cbd receptors or other receptors; as small metabolites, terpenes/flavonoids may help cannabinoids to cross dermal barrier/to be absorbed orally and/or to cross the blood-brain-barrier. This review summarize studies that discuss the mechanisms of action of terpenes and flavonoids and their effects on various human pathologies. This review cover only part of such studies with the hope to shed light on how synergism between cannabis derived terpenes and flavonoids can improve the action of cannabinoids.
{"title":"Cannabis-derived terpenes and flavonoids as potential pharmaceuticals","authors":"R. Ofir","doi":"10.1163/22238980-BJA10022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-BJA10022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Terpenes and flavonoids are metabolites produced by many plants, including cannabis plants. Studies suggest that combined treatment based on synergism between plant metabolites has the potential to act better than a single compound. It may be true in the case of cannabis also: the plant content may act better than ‘pure’ cbd. The mode of action of synergism may involve interaction of terpenes/flavonoids with cbd receptors or other receptors; as small metabolites, terpenes/flavonoids may help cannabinoids to cross dermal barrier/to be absorbed orally and/or to cross the blood-brain-barrier. This review summarize studies that discuss the mechanisms of action of terpenes and flavonoids and their effects on various human pathologies. This review cover only part of such studies with the hope to shed light on how synergism between cannabis derived terpenes and flavonoids can improve the action of cannabinoids.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-27DOI: 10.1163/22238980-BJA10020
Sourbh Kumar, U. Chandel, S. Guleria
An investigation to optimize the protocol for application of colchicine for enhancing the doubled haploid production in maize was done. 106 maize genotypes were used as maternal parents, whereas, pollen source involved tropically adopted haploid inducer (TAIL P1 and TAIL hybrid). After the elimination of chromosomes of inducer lines, haploid seeds were obtained from the crosses. Haploid seedlings were treated with three different doses, such as 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 per cent of colchicines for different durations (8, 12 and 15 hours). The response of various colchicine concentrations applied for different time durations revealed significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 for various parameters viz., per cent plants survivability, stalk colour, the fertility of tassel, silk present/absent, pollen viability, seed set and per cent doubled haploid formation. In maize, colchicine doses of 0.04 per cent for 12 hours and 0.06 per cent for 8 hours, respectively were established as optimum for enhanced doubled haploid production. But among these two, 0.04 per cent for 12 hours was observed to be best dose for doubled haploid production in maize.
{"title":"Optimization of chromosome doubling treatment for efficient in vivo doubled haploid production in maize","authors":"Sourbh Kumar, U. Chandel, S. Guleria","doi":"10.1163/22238980-BJA10020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-BJA10020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000An investigation to optimize the protocol for application of colchicine for enhancing the doubled haploid production in maize was done. 106 maize genotypes were used as maternal parents, whereas, pollen source involved tropically adopted haploid inducer (TAIL P1 and TAIL hybrid). After the elimination of chromosomes of inducer lines, haploid seeds were obtained from the crosses. Haploid seedlings were treated with three different doses, such as 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 per cent of colchicines for different durations (8, 12 and 15 hours). The response of various colchicine concentrations applied for different time durations revealed significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 for various parameters viz., per cent plants survivability, stalk colour, the fertility of tassel, silk present/absent, pollen viability, seed set and per cent doubled haploid formation. In maize, colchicine doses of 0.04 per cent for 12 hours and 0.06 per cent for 8 hours, respectively were established as optimum for enhanced doubled haploid production. But among these two, 0.04 per cent for 12 hours was observed to be best dose for doubled haploid production in maize.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44776476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.1163/22238980-BJA10021
P. Singh, Neha Bajwa, Ashish Baldi
The covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on the global healthcare system and the economy. At present, no specific antiviral vaccine is available to combat this contagious virus. Traditional medicine has a long history of playing a significant role in managing several infectious diseases. In this context, scientists around the globe are also exploring various traditional medical interventions to prevent the covid-19 pandemic. In the present work, we summarize available scientific data advocating the use of traditional medicine for preventing covid-19. A robust literature review was conducted using scientific platforms such as Science Direct, National Center for Biotechnology Information (ncbi), Pubmed, Google Scholar, and online database like The Plant List (The Plant List 2013) version 1.1. Special emphasis was given to potential natural antiviral, immuno-modulator plants, and traditional medicines to highlight their possible roles in reducing the disease burden. Immuno-modulator such as Withania somnifera and other natural compounds especially glycyrrhizin, kaempferol, ginsenoside, and lycorine can be leading candidates against sars-CoV-2. Besides the need for rigorous scientific validation of potential herbs and related formulations, their use can be beneficial for the preventive as well as symptomatic treatment of covid-19 infected patients. This work provides a run-through of the experimental therapeutics, preventive and treatment options for covid-19.
新冠肺炎大流行给全球医疗体系和经济造成了严重破坏。目前，没有专门的抗病毒疫苗可用于对抗这种传染性病毒。传统医学在管理几种传染病方面发挥重要作用的历史悠久。在此背景下，全球科学家也在探索各种传统医学干预措施，以预防covid-19大流行。在本工作中，我们总结了现有的倡导使用传统医学预防covid-19的科学数据。利用科学平台，如Science Direct、国家生物技术信息中心(ncbi)、Pubmed、b谷歌Scholar和在线数据库，如The Plant List (The Plant List 2013) 1.1版，进行了强有力的文献综述。特别强调了潜在的天然抗病毒、免疫调节剂植物和传统药物，以强调它们在减轻疾病负担方面可能发挥的作用。免疫调节剂，如Withania somnifera和其他天然化合物，特别是甘草酸、山奈酚、人参皂苷和石蒜碱，可能是对抗sars-CoV-2的主要候选药物。除了需要对潜在草药和相关配方进行严格的科学验证外，它们的使用可能有利于covid-19感染患者的预防和对症治疗。这项工作概述了covid-19的实验性治疗方法、预防和治疗方案。
{"title":"Possible role of traditional systems of medicine to manage covid-19: A review","authors":"P. Singh, Neha Bajwa, Ashish Baldi","doi":"10.1163/22238980-BJA10021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-BJA10021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on the global healthcare system and the economy. At present, no specific antiviral vaccine is available to combat this contagious virus. Traditional medicine has a long history of playing a significant role in managing several infectious diseases. In this context, scientists around the globe are also exploring various traditional medical interventions to prevent the covid-19 pandemic. In the present work, we summarize available scientific data advocating the use of traditional medicine for preventing covid-19. A robust literature review was conducted using scientific platforms such as Science Direct, National Center for Biotechnology Information (ncbi), Pubmed, Google Scholar, and online database like The Plant List (The Plant List 2013) version 1.1. Special emphasis was given to potential natural antiviral, immuno-modulator plants, and traditional medicines to highlight their possible roles in reducing the disease burden. Immuno-modulator such as Withania somnifera and other natural compounds especially glycyrrhizin, kaempferol, ginsenoside, and lycorine can be leading candidates against sars-CoV-2. Besides the need for rigorous scientific validation of potential herbs and related formulations, their use can be beneficial for the preventive as well as symptomatic treatment of covid-19 infected patients. This work provides a run-through of the experimental therapeutics, preventive and treatment options for covid-19.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44079094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20201070
Jie Zhou, Xu Zixin, Ran Zhifang, Lei Fang, Lanping Guo
Although treatments of smoke-water (SW) have been successfully used for promoting seed germination as well as plant growth, less reports have been documented on the influence of SW on the production of secondary metabolites in endophytes isolated from medicinal plants. The study investigated the effects of SW and its active compound butenolide (KAR1) on the accumulation of lipophilic tanshinones in endophyte Trichoderma atroviride D16 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Results showed that the mycelia of T. atroviride D16 treated with SW and KAR1 displayed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the content of tanshinone I, which was evaluated with 2.26-fold (SW) and 1.86-fold (KAR1) of the control on 20 d after treatment. Comparing with the control, the treatment of SW and KAR1 resulted in a significant increase in the content of tanshinone IIA, and the highest levels were observed to be 31.87% (SW 1:2000, v/v) and 17.77% (KAR1 at 10-9 M) on 20 d after treatment. These findings imply the possibility of using SW and KAR1 for enhancing the biosynthesis of tanshinones in T. atroviride D16, and enrich the application of smoke water in the medicinal plant field.
{"title":"Smoke-water and smoke-isolated butenolide (KAR1) induce the biosynthesis of tanshinones in endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride D16 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza","authors":"Jie Zhou, Xu Zixin, Ran Zhifang, Lei Fang, Lanping Guo","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20201070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20201070","url":null,"abstract":"Although treatments of smoke-water (SW) have been successfully used for promoting seed germination as well as plant growth, less reports have been documented on the influence of SW on the production of secondary metabolites in endophytes isolated from medicinal plants. The study investigated the effects of SW and its active compound butenolide (KAR1) on the accumulation of lipophilic tanshinones in endophyte Trichoderma atroviride D16 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Results showed that the mycelia of T. atroviride D16 treated with SW and KAR1 displayed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the content of tanshinone I, which was evaluated with 2.26-fold (SW) and 1.86-fold (KAR1) of the control on 20 d after treatment. Comparing with the control, the treatment of SW and KAR1 resulted in a significant increase in the content of tanshinone IIA, and the highest levels were observed to be 31.87% (SW 1:2000, v/v) and 17.77% (KAR1 at 10-9 M) on 20 d after treatment. These findings imply the possibility of using SW and KAR1 for enhancing the biosynthesis of tanshinones in T. atroviride D16, and enrich the application of smoke water in the medicinal plant field.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42136605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1163/22238980-20201046
Hayat Aguinaz, A. Qaddoury, Mohamed Anjarne
Shoot tip necrosis (STN) is a physiological abnormality whereby the apical shoot initially becomes necrotic and subsequently dies leading to considerable loss of shoots and hampering any commercial application of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) micropropagation. The objective of the present study is the optimization of a method to alleviate STN during in vitro multiplication of carob dealing with a range of culture media compounds. Obtained results showed that macroelement strength of the culture medium as well as cytokinin and calcium concentrations were the most important factors in controlling STN incidence in carob. In fact, Zimmerman macroelements are most efficient in terms of STN reduction (only 5% STN observed) and shoot multiplication (28.75 shoots with 26.8 leaves and 4.73 cm length). Moreover, shoots cultured on Zimmerman or Ca enriched ½MS showed higher mineral nutrient contents than those cultured on low Ca media. On the other hand, most shoots recovered from STN have produced roots in presence of 1 mg.L-1 IAA (70%) and 83% survived after transfer to ex vitro conditions. The performance of Zimmerman macroelements is most likely due to its high Ca concentration (7.3 mM) compared to the other media. This is confirmed by the steep reduction of STN intensity obtained on ½MS enriched with Ca.
{"title":"Control of in vitro shoot tip necrosis in Carob Ceratonia siliqua L.","authors":"Hayat Aguinaz, A. Qaddoury, Mohamed Anjarne","doi":"10.1163/22238980-20201046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-20201046","url":null,"abstract":"Shoot tip necrosis (STN) is a physiological abnormality whereby the apical shoot initially becomes necrotic and subsequently dies leading to considerable loss of shoots and hampering any commercial application of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) micropropagation. The objective of the present study is the optimization of a method to alleviate STN during in vitro multiplication of carob dealing with a range of culture media compounds. Obtained results showed that macroelement strength of the culture medium as well as cytokinin and calcium concentrations were the most important factors in controlling STN incidence in carob. In fact, Zimmerman macroelements are most efficient in terms of STN reduction (only 5% STN observed) and shoot multiplication (28.75 shoots with 26.8 leaves and 4.73 cm length). Moreover, shoots cultured on Zimmerman or Ca enriched ½MS showed higher mineral nutrient contents than those cultured on low Ca media. On the other hand, most shoots recovered from STN have produced roots in presence of 1 mg.L-1 IAA (70%) and 83% survived after transfer to ex vitro conditions. The performance of Zimmerman macroelements is most likely due to its high Ca concentration (7.3 mM) compared to the other media. This is confirmed by the steep reduction of STN intensity obtained on ½MS enriched with Ca.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"212-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44059374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-18DOI: 10.1163/22238980-BJA10015
Manzoor R. Khan, Z. Siddiqui
Effect of Meloidogyne incognita, Pectobacterium betavasculorum and Rhizoctonia solani alone, pre, post and simultaneous inoculations to find out role of each pathogen on growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) activities and proline, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L). Inoculation of plants with M. incognita / P. betavasculorum or R. solani reduced plant growth (root dry weight) (42.0%), chlorophyll (24.2%) and carotenoid (47.7%) while inoculation of pathogens under study resulted in increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline, H2O2 and MDA. Combined inoculation of pathogens under study resulted in greater reduction of plant growth (74.9%), chlorophyll (55.3%) and carotenoid (83.7%) than individual pathogen. Greatest reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid and maximum activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline, H2O2 and MDA were observed when M. incognita was inoculated 20 days prior to P. betavasculorum plus R. solani. P. betavasculorum and R. solani reduced galling and nematode multiplication but maximum reduction in galling (82.8%) and nematode multiplication (82.7%) was observed when P. betavasculorum plus R. solani were inoculated prior to nematodes. Necrosis soft rot and root rot indices by P. betavasculorum and R. solani were 3 respectively. Disease indices were 5 when two or more pathogens were inoculated together. Prior inoculation of M. incognita predisposed beetroots to P. betavasculorum and R. solani and aggravates the disease.
{"title":"Effects of Meloidogyne incognita, Pectobacterium betavasculorum and Rhizoctonia solani interactions on growth, physiological and biochemical changes of beetroot","authors":"Manzoor R. Khan, Z. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1163/22238980-BJA10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-BJA10015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Effect of Meloidogyne incognita, Pectobacterium betavasculorum and Rhizoctonia solani alone, pre, post and simultaneous inoculations to find out role of each pathogen on growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) activities and proline, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L). Inoculation of plants with M. incognita / P. betavasculorum or R. solani reduced plant growth (root dry weight) (42.0%), chlorophyll (24.2%) and carotenoid (47.7%) while inoculation of pathogens under study resulted in increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline, H2O2 and MDA. Combined inoculation of pathogens under study resulted in greater reduction of plant growth (74.9%), chlorophyll (55.3%) and carotenoid (83.7%) than individual pathogen. Greatest reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid and maximum activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline, H2O2 and MDA were observed when M. incognita was inoculated 20 days prior to P. betavasculorum plus R. solani. P. betavasculorum and R. solani reduced galling and nematode multiplication but maximum reduction in galling (82.8%) and nematode multiplication (82.7%) was observed when P. betavasculorum plus R. solani were inoculated prior to nematodes. Necrosis soft rot and root rot indices by P. betavasculorum and R. solani were 3 respectively. Disease indices were 5 when two or more pathogens were inoculated together. Prior inoculation of M. incognita predisposed beetroots to P. betavasculorum and R. solani and aggravates the disease.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42118927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-13DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10012
D. Verma, M. Thakur, P. Srivastav
Rice is used as a staple food in many countries due to its pleasant aroma and texture. Rice aroma is recognized as the single most important quality trait influencing consumer’s acceptance. In rice quality, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is one of the most highly unstable and key aroma characteristic compounds among more than 500 identified compounds that have contributed and attributed for popcorn- or pandan-like valuable aroma. 2-AP has the lowest odor threshold value compared to other identified rice aroma compounds. Therefore, this compound has received a lot of attention among scientists and researchers. This review highlights on Molecular biology and biotechnological progress of 2-AP in rice. Chemistry, formation, and synthesis, as well as factors influencing 2-AP content in rice, have also been reviewed.
{"title":"Biochemistry and molecular aspects of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.): A review","authors":"D. Verma, M. Thakur, P. Srivastav","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Rice is used as a staple food in many countries due to its pleasant aroma and texture. Rice aroma is recognized as the single most important quality trait influencing consumer’s acceptance. In rice quality, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is one of the most highly unstable and key aroma characteristic compounds among more than 500 identified compounds that have contributed and attributed for popcorn- or pandan-like valuable aroma. 2-AP has the lowest odor threshold value compared to other identified rice aroma compounds. Therefore, this compound has received a lot of attention among scientists and researchers. This review highlights on Molecular biology and biotechnological progress of 2-AP in rice. Chemistry, formation, and synthesis, as well as factors influencing 2-AP content in rice, have also been reviewed.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"-1 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/22238980-bja10012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41799750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-08DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10014
J. Revathi, M. Manokari, R. Latha, S. Priyadharshini, Mafatlal M. Kher, M. Shekhawat
Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. is an important medicinal plant of Indian, Malayan, and Chinese traditional systems of medicines. In vitro flowering system serves as a model system to study flowering physiology, and role of combination of photoperiodic conditions and ethylene inhibitors. Ethylene is responsible for delayed flowering response in plants; hence, it is interesting to explore the role of ethylene inhibitors and photoperiod on flowering mechanism. The present study, for the first time, reports the influence of silver thiosulfate (STS), silver nitrate, and photoperiod (PP) to induce high-frequency in vitro flowering in O. herbacea. The flowers were induced from the in vitro shoots (2.0 floral buds per shoot) on MS medium containing 4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine + 2 μM indole-3-acetic acid + 5 μM STS at 14-h PP. This study could be the foundation to understand the role of PP and silver ions on flowering physiology at molecular level.
{"title":"Photoperiod and silver ions modulate in vitro flowering in Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb.","authors":"J. Revathi, M. Manokari, R. Latha, S. Priyadharshini, Mafatlal M. Kher, M. Shekhawat","doi":"10.1163/22238980-bja10014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22238980-bja10014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. is an important medicinal plant of Indian, Malayan, and Chinese traditional systems of medicines. In vitro flowering system serves as a model system to study flowering physiology, and role of combination of photoperiodic conditions and ethylene inhibitors. Ethylene is responsible for delayed flowering response in plants; hence, it is interesting to explore the role of ethylene inhibitors and photoperiod on flowering mechanism. The present study, for the first time, reports the influence of silver thiosulfate (STS), silver nitrate, and photoperiod (PP) to induce high-frequency in vitro flowering in O. herbacea. The flowers were induced from the in vitro shoots (2.0 floral buds per shoot) on MS medium containing 4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine + 2 μM indole-3-acetic acid + 5 μM STS at 14-h PP. This study could be the foundation to understand the role of PP and silver ions on flowering physiology at molecular level.","PeriodicalId":14689,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41843605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-08DOI: 10.1163/22238980-bja10013
C. Vamvakoulas, I. Argyrokastritis, Panayiota Papastylianou, Y. Papatheohari, S. Alexandris
A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of water stress, including Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI), on seed, protein and oil yields, for two hybrids of drip-irrigated soybean in Central Greece. The experiment was set up as a split plot design with four replicates, five main plots (irrigation treatments) and two sub-plots (soybean hybrids, ‘PR91M10’ and ‘PR92B63’). Irrigation was applied to provide 100, 75, 50 and 25% of the crop evapotranspiration needs and 0% non-irrigated. Biomass weight, seed yield, oil and protein concentration were measured after harvest. To compute CWSI, lower and upper baselines were developed based on the canopy temperature measurements of I100 and I0 treatments, respectively. Deficit irrigation had a significant effect on biomass, seed, protein and oil yields. Hybrid PR92B63 was more responsive to irrigation and showed higher biomass, seed protein and oil yields, while the more sensitive hybrid PR91M10 had the ability to maintain productivity with increasing degrees of water stress. The rain-fed treatments significantly reduced biomass production and seed yield compared with the fully-irrigated ones. The highest and the lowest protein and oil yields were obtained in the I100 and I0 treatments respectively in both years and cultivars. Statistically significant exponential relationships were determined between CWSI and biomass, seed, protein and oil yields. Generally, CWSI could be used to measure crop water status and to improve irrigation scheduling of the crop and 0.10 for PR92B63 and 0.19 for PR91M10 could be offered as threshold values under the climatic conditions of the region.
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