R. Tahtamouni, R. Shibli, Tamara S. Al Qudah, Sobhia Saifan, Refad Y. AlKhawaldah
Plant biodiversity expresses one of the principal natural resources for all nations as it provides food, medicine, and shelter for all living besides its important role in balancing ecosystems and mitigating climate change. Jordan has paid great attention to its unique heritage of plant biodiversity since the foundation of the country, especially in terms of conservation. Notable conservation efforts have been made by Jordanian governments during the first hundred years of the country's foundation. These efforts were highly fruitful thanks to the unlimited governmental support to all projects related to the conservation of Jordan Flora. So, on the occasion of the first centenary of the country’s foundation, this review article was prepared to highlight some of the efforts made by Jordan during the past hundred years to conserve this national wealth of plant biodiversity.
{"title":"An Outlook on Jordan Efforts in Conservation of Plant Biodiversity during the First Hundred Years of the Country’s Foundation","authors":"R. Tahtamouni, R. Shibli, Tamara S. Al Qudah, Sobhia Saifan, Refad Y. AlKhawaldah","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.79","url":null,"abstract":"Plant biodiversity expresses one of the principal natural resources for all nations as it provides food, medicine, and shelter for all living besides its important role in balancing ecosystems and mitigating climate change. Jordan has paid great attention to its unique heritage of plant biodiversity since the foundation of the country, especially in terms of conservation. Notable conservation efforts have been made by Jordanian governments during the first hundred years of the country's foundation. These efforts were highly fruitful thanks to the unlimited governmental support to all projects related to the conservation of Jordan Flora. So, on the occasion of the first centenary of the country’s foundation, this review article was prepared to highlight some of the efforts made by Jordan during the past hundred years to conserve this national wealth of plant biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87904841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beneficial vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are found in the rhizosphere of many plants. These fungi are promising for sustainable agriculture especially in poor soils and under stress conditions. Many genera were naturally found in Jordan soils, especially Glomus, and were significantly effective in improving plant growth of several vegetable crops whether they were growing under mineral deficiency or drought conditions. Also, many soil-borne fungi as Fusarium, Verticillium, and Rhizoctonia as well as root-knot nematodes were successfully controlled under Jordan’s conditions. This type of biological control has a lower cost impact, safe and environment friendly.
{"title":"Applications of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Sustainable Agriculture in Jordan","authors":"A. Al-Momany","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.76","url":null,"abstract":"The beneficial vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are found in the rhizosphere of many plants. These fungi are promising for sustainable agriculture especially in poor soils and under stress conditions. Many genera were naturally found in Jordan soils, especially Glomus, and were significantly effective in improving plant growth of several vegetable crops whether they were growing under mineral deficiency or drought conditions. Also, many soil-borne fungi as Fusarium, Verticillium, and Rhizoctonia as well as root-knot nematodes were successfully controlled under Jordan’s conditions. This type of biological control has a lower cost impact, safe and environment friendly.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73454529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akel Mansour, Nida’ Salem, Luma Al Banna, Ahmad Katbeh-Bader, Mary Bahdousheh, Mohammad Al Bess
يظهر في السنوات الخمسين الماضية إزدياد استخدام المبيدات الكيماوية في الأردن زيادة ملحوظة, و لاسيما بعد التوسع في قطاع الزراعة المحمية، وذلك بهدف القضاء على الآفات، وبالتالي زيادة الإنتاج إلى الحد الأقصى. وعلى الرغم من كفاءة المبيدات الزراعية في القضاء على الآفات الزراعية, إلا إن الاستخدام المكثف ودون تنظيم لهذه المبيدات أدى ّإلى ظهور مشاكل كثيرة ومعقدة, تتعلق بالآفات الزراعية, وصحة الإنسان, وتلوث البيئة, مما جعل من الصعوبة بمكان السيطرة عليها. لذلك كان لا بد من التوجه إلى. وطرق أخرى لمكافحة الآفات الزراعية للتقليل من الأضرار التي تصيب الإنسان والتربة والبيئة. و عليه, فقد اتجهت المكافحة إلى أساليب حديثة لإدارة مكافحة الآفات الزراعية، وذلك باستخدام الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات, والتي تشمل العمليات الزراعية المختلفة, والحجر الزراعي والمكافحة الحيوية، واستخدام أصناف مقاومة, وترشيد استخدام المبيدات, وغيرها من طرق المكافحة الواردة في هذه الورقة. وفي الأردن, ونتيجة للدراسات المتعددة في مجال المكافحة, فقد وجد ان الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات هي الحل الامثل لمشاكل الاستخدام المكثف للمبيدات, لتحقيق مبادئ التنمية المستدامة, وعليه, فقد اصبحت الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات شائعة الاستخدام من قبل المزارعين. وتهدف هذه الورقة إلى تسجيل التطور في مجال وقاية النبات في الأردن، وذلك منذ نشأة إمارة شرق الأردن حتى مئوية الدولة الأردنية.
{"title":"الاتجاهات الحديثة في وقاية النبات ودورها في التنمية المستدامة في الاردن","authors":"Akel Mansour, Nida’ Salem, Luma Al Banna, Ahmad Katbeh-Bader, Mary Bahdousheh, Mohammad Al Bess","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.86","url":null,"abstract":"يظهر في السنوات الخمسين الماضية إزدياد استخدام المبيدات الكيماوية في الأردن زيادة ملحوظة, و لاسيما بعد التوسع في قطاع الزراعة المحمية، وذلك بهدف القضاء على الآفات، وبالتالي زيادة الإنتاج إلى الحد الأقصى. وعلى الرغم من كفاءة المبيدات الزراعية في القضاء على الآفات الزراعية, إلا إن الاستخدام المكثف ودون تنظيم لهذه المبيدات أدى ّإلى ظهور مشاكل كثيرة ومعقدة, تتعلق بالآفات الزراعية, وصحة الإنسان, وتلوث البيئة, مما جعل من الصعوبة بمكان السيطرة عليها. لذلك كان لا بد من التوجه إلى. وطرق أخرى لمكافحة الآفات الزراعية للتقليل من الأضرار التي تصيب الإنسان والتربة والبيئة. و عليه, فقد اتجهت المكافحة إلى أساليب حديثة لإدارة مكافحة الآفات الزراعية، وذلك باستخدام الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات, والتي تشمل العمليات الزراعية المختلفة, والحجر الزراعي والمكافحة الحيوية، واستخدام أصناف مقاومة, وترشيد استخدام المبيدات, وغيرها من طرق المكافحة الواردة في هذه الورقة. وفي الأردن, ونتيجة للدراسات المتعددة في مجال المكافحة, فقد وجد ان الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات هي الحل الامثل لمشاكل الاستخدام المكثف للمبيدات, لتحقيق مبادئ التنمية المستدامة, وعليه, فقد اصبحت الإدارة المتكاملة للآفات شائعة الاستخدام من قبل المزارعين. وتهدف هذه الورقة إلى تسجيل التطور في مجال وقاية النبات في الأردن، وذلك منذ نشأة إمارة شرق الأردن حتى مئوية الدولة الأردنية.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84387260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
تركزت زراعة أشجار الفاكهة حتى نهاية السبعينيات من القرن الماضي في وادي الأردن حيث ان الزراعة مروية، وقد شملت الحمضيات والموز بالدرجة الأولى. وفي المناطق المرتفعة، اعتمدت زراعة أشجار الفاكهة (زيتون، عنب، لوز، برقوق، تين وغيرها) على مياه الأمطار في حين اقتصرت الزراعة المروية في المناطق المرتفعة على الأراضي المحيطة بالأودية التي بها ينابيع (وادي جرش، وادي السلط، سيل الزرقاء، وادي الريان، وادي موسى وغيرها) إذْ زرعت أشجار الفاكهة في بساتين مختلطة تضم عدة أنواع مثل التين و الرمان و التوت بمساحات صغيرة نسبياً، وأدى تحسن مستوى المعيشة وما رافقه من زيادة الطلب على أنواع الفاكهة التقليدية وغير التقليدية في مطلع الثمانينات الى تشجيع القطاع الخاص لضخ رؤوس أموال كبيرة للاستثمار في زراعة أشجار الفاكهة ورغبة العديد من مزارعي الخضروات الانتقال إلى زراعة أشجار الفاكه، مما ادى إلى تحول كبير في مساحة وإنتاج محاصيل الفاكهة، وشمل هذا التحول أنواع وأصناف الفاكهة والأصول المطعمة عليها تلك الأصناف وكثافة الزراعة والطرق المتبعة في تربية وتقليم أشجار الفاكهة و عمليات قطف الثمار و تداولها، وفي مجال الزيتون تم إدخال المعاصر الحديثة متعددة خطوط الإنتاج ذات الكفاءة العالية في استخلاص الزيت من الثمار. وفي مجال الري تم الانتقال من الري التقليدي بالأحواض إلى الري بالتنقيط مما ساعد في توفير مياه الري، وأدى هذا التحول أيضا الى استعمال التسميد بواسطة نظام التسميد بالري (Fertigation) مما ساعد في زيادة كفاءة عمليات التسميد. وأما أهم محاصيل الفاكهة التي شهدت تحولاً جذرياً في المساحة والإنتاج فمنها الدراق والنكتارين في مناطق البادية والنخيل في وادي الأردن والتفاح في منطقة الشوبك. ولقد ساهمت العديد من المؤسسات مثل وزارة الزراعة والمركز الوطني للبحوث الزراعية ونقل التكنولوجيا وكليات الزراعة في الجامعات الأردنية ونقابة المهندسين الزراعيين والتلفزيون الأردني إلى جانب القطاع الخاص في وضع حجر الأساس لهذا التحول واستمراره حتى يومنا هذا
{"title":"تطور زراعة وإنتاج الفاكهة في الأردن 1980-2019","authors":"فهمي عبدالفتاح شتات","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.84","url":null,"abstract":"تركزت زراعة أشجار الفاكهة حتى نهاية السبعينيات من القرن الماضي في وادي الأردن حيث ان الزراعة مروية، وقد شملت الحمضيات والموز بالدرجة الأولى. وفي المناطق المرتفعة، اعتمدت زراعة أشجار الفاكهة (زيتون، عنب، لوز، برقوق، تين وغيرها) على مياه الأمطار في حين اقتصرت الزراعة المروية في المناطق المرتفعة على الأراضي المحيطة بالأودية التي بها ينابيع (وادي جرش، وادي السلط، سيل الزرقاء، وادي الريان، وادي موسى وغيرها) إذْ زرعت أشجار الفاكهة في بساتين مختلطة تضم عدة أنواع مثل التين و الرمان و التوت بمساحات صغيرة نسبياً، وأدى تحسن مستوى المعيشة وما رافقه من زيادة الطلب على أنواع الفاكهة التقليدية وغير التقليدية في مطلع الثمانينات الى تشجيع القطاع الخاص لضخ رؤوس أموال كبيرة للاستثمار في زراعة أشجار الفاكهة ورغبة العديد من مزارعي الخضروات الانتقال إلى زراعة أشجار الفاكه، مما ادى إلى تحول كبير في مساحة وإنتاج محاصيل الفاكهة، وشمل هذا التحول أنواع وأصناف الفاكهة والأصول المطعمة عليها تلك الأصناف وكثافة الزراعة والطرق المتبعة في تربية وتقليم أشجار الفاكهة و عمليات قطف الثمار و تداولها، وفي مجال الزيتون تم إدخال المعاصر الحديثة متعددة خطوط الإنتاج ذات الكفاءة العالية في استخلاص الزيت من الثمار. وفي مجال الري تم الانتقال من الري التقليدي بالأحواض إلى الري بالتنقيط مما ساعد في توفير مياه الري، وأدى هذا التحول أيضا الى استعمال التسميد بواسطة نظام التسميد بالري (Fertigation) مما ساعد في زيادة كفاءة عمليات التسميد. وأما أهم محاصيل الفاكهة التي شهدت تحولاً جذرياً في المساحة والإنتاج فمنها الدراق والنكتارين في مناطق البادية والنخيل في وادي الأردن والتفاح في منطقة الشوبك. ولقد ساهمت العديد من المؤسسات مثل وزارة الزراعة والمركز الوطني للبحوث الزراعية ونقل التكنولوجيا وكليات الزراعة في الجامعات الأردنية ونقابة المهندسين الزراعيين والتلفزيون الأردني إلى جانب القطاع الخاص في وضع حجر الأساس لهذا التحول واستمراره حتى يومنا هذا","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85221611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Jordan, human nutrition and dietetics are among the most developed allied health professions, but documented information regarding its current status is generally not available. The purpose of this article is to clarify the status of this profession in the country and to trace the developmental activities that have taken place over the past five decades. Currently, there have been remarkable transitions in health attributes among Jordanians as related to nutritional status since fifty years ago. This is manifested in rapid dietary, socio-economic, epidemiologic, and demographic shifts. Accelerated changes have occurred in general health and nutritional status trends, including a decline in the incidence of infectious diseases, increased life expectancy, a surge in all levels of education, rise in urbanization, mechanization and market globalization, decreased physical activity, diets have become denser in energy and richer in carbohydrates, fat, and animal foods. Concordant troubling trends have been recorded for rising morbidity and mortality of major nutrition-related chronic disorders, particularly cardiometabolic risks including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, as well as cancer. Consistency with this transition, patterns of nutrition and dietetics profession services have increased steadily. There are 10 public and 17 private universities in Jordan. Six public and five private universities offer degrees in human nutrition. One offers a doctoral degree, four offer a master's degree, and all eleven universities offer bachelor's degrees in human nutrition and/or dietetics or both. In line with these changes, the human nutrition and dietetics profession has gained significant official recognition and legal status permitting certification or licensing and consultation and private practice. However, additional legislative and regulatory attributes, internships and in-service training programs, and national diet manuals are required for such progress to continue at a steady pace. Therefore, there is a need for an official body to shape the landscape of the profession of human nutrition and dietetics in accordance with international standards.
{"title":"Human Nutrition and Dietetics: Understanding the Profession and Development Actions in Jordan","authors":"Mousa Numan Ahmad","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.74","url":null,"abstract":"In Jordan, human nutrition and dietetics are among the most developed allied health professions, but documented information regarding its current status is generally not available. The purpose of this article is to clarify the status of this profession in the country and to trace the developmental activities that have taken place over the past five decades. Currently, there have been remarkable transitions in health attributes among Jordanians as related to nutritional status since fifty years ago. This is manifested in rapid dietary, socio-economic, epidemiologic, and demographic shifts. Accelerated changes have occurred in general health and nutritional status trends, including a decline in the incidence of infectious diseases, increased life expectancy, a surge in all levels of education, rise in urbanization, mechanization and market globalization, decreased physical activity, diets have become denser in energy and richer in carbohydrates, fat, and animal foods. Concordant troubling trends have been recorded for rising morbidity and mortality of major nutrition-related chronic disorders, particularly cardiometabolic risks including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, as well as cancer. Consistency with this transition, patterns of nutrition and dietetics profession services have increased steadily. There are 10 public and 17 private universities in Jordan. Six public and five private universities offer degrees in human nutrition. One offers a doctoral degree, four offer a master's degree, and all eleven universities offer bachelor's degrees in human nutrition and/or dietetics or both. In line with these changes, the human nutrition and dietetics profession has gained significant official recognition and legal status permitting certification or licensing and consultation and private practice. However, additional legislative and regulatory attributes, internships and in-service training programs, and national diet manuals are required for such progress to continue at a steady pace. Therefore, there is a need for an official body to shape the landscape of the profession of human nutrition and dietetics in accordance with international standards.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76347379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera, Tephritidae) is the most devastating insect pest possessing severe economic threats for the olive growers in Jordan. Therefore, the current study aimed at determining the effect of insecticidal applications against B. oleae on olive quantity, as well as physical (refractive index, fruit weight, diameter and volume, and weight of seed and flesh, as well as oil percentage) and chemical (olive oil acidity and peroxide value parameters). The experiment was conducted using Nabali olive cultivar in Karak District-Jordan in the year 2016. Three insecticides; Karate, Fytoclean, and Dursban used in the spraying operations, and trees were sprayed twice. Insecticidal spraying significantly (P<0.05) reduced olive oil acidity, peroxide value, and refractive index, and increased olive fruit’s weight, diameter and volume, and seed, and flesh weight compared to the untreated trees. In conclusion, the application of insecticides against B. oleae improved the olive quantity and tested quality parameters.
{"title":"Changes in Chemical and Physical Quality Attributes of Olives as Influenced by Chemical Control of the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Jordan","authors":"S. Al-dmour, F. Al-Zyoud, K. Al-Absi","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.87","url":null,"abstract":"The olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera, Tephritidae) is the most devastating insect pest possessing severe economic threats for the olive growers in Jordan. Therefore, the current study aimed at determining the effect of insecticidal applications against B. oleae on olive quantity, as well as physical (refractive index, fruit weight, diameter and volume, and weight of seed and flesh, as well as oil percentage) and chemical (olive oil acidity and peroxide value parameters). The experiment was conducted using Nabali olive cultivar in Karak District-Jordan in the year 2016. Three insecticides; Karate, Fytoclean, and Dursban used in the spraying operations, and trees were sprayed twice. Insecticidal spraying significantly (P<0.05) reduced olive oil acidity, peroxide value, and refractive index, and increased olive fruit’s weight, diameter and volume, and seed, and flesh weight compared to the untreated trees. In conclusion, the application of insecticides against B. oleae improved the olive quantity and tested quality parameters. ","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77791291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
تم تنفيذ البحث في مركز البحوث العلمية الزراعية بالقامشلي، منطقة الاستقرار الأولى وفق تصميم القطع العشوائية وذلك بزراعة محصول القمح صنف دوما1 ضمن أربع معاملات وهي: 1-زراعة بدون فلاحة Zero-Tillage 2-زراعة تقليدية Conventional Tillage 3-زراعة دون فلاحة مع حرث عميق Sub soiling لكسر الطبقة الصماء ولمرة واحدة 4-زراعة تقليدية مع حرث عميق Sub soiling. وبثلاث مكررات لكل معاملة. تم استخدام البذارة (Baldan) لزراعة معاملة الزراعة الحافظة أما معاملة الزراعة التقليدية تمت فلاحتها وزراعتها باستخدام محراث الـ(Harrow). وقد أشارت نتائج البحث على مدار عشرة أعوام 2008 – 2018 أن لنظام الزراعة الحافظة تأثير معنوي في زيادة إنتاجية القمح مقارنة مع الزراعة التقليدية حيث متوسط الغلة الحبية للأعوام العشرة كان الأعلى معنوياً تحت ظروف الزراعة الحـافظة 1528 (كغ.هكتار-1) بنسبة زيادة 25% عن معاملة الزراعة التقليدية، و في حين كان الأدنى معنوياً تحت ظروف الزراعة التقليدية 1222 (كغ.هكتار-1). كما كان لحرث التربة العميق لمرة واحدة مع تطبيق نظام الزراعة الحافظة تأثير معنوي في زيادة الغلة الحبية 1534(كغ.هكتار-1) وبلغت الزيادة كمتوسط للمواسم العشرة 25.5% مقارنة مع معاملة الزراعة التقليدية دون حرث عميق. وكانت كفاءة استعمال محصول القمح لمياه الأمطار الأعلى معنوياً لمعاملة الزراعة الحافظة كمتوسط للمواسم العشرة بقيمة 14.85 كغ. مم-1 هكتار-1 تليها معاملة الزراعة الحافظة مع الحرث العميق 14.77 كغ. مم-1 هكتار-1 ثم معاملة الزراعة التقليدية مع الحرث العميق الى 13.31 كغ. مم-1 هكتار-1 وبنسب زيادة بلغت 20.9% -%20.3-%8.4 على التوالي مقارنة مع معاملة الزراعة التقليدية. وبينت نتائج تحليل الاستقرار إلى أن إنتاجية القمح تحت ظروف نظام الزراعة الحافظة كانت أقل تأثراً باختلاف ظروف النمو من إنتاجية معاملة الزراعة التقليدية وعملياً عند شح الهطولات المطرية.
{"title":"تأثير تقنية الزراعة الحافظة والحرث العميق في استدامة إنتاجية القمح مقارنة بنظام الزراعة التقليدية في ظروف الزراعة المطرية في شمال شرق سوريا","authors":"رامي كبا, ياسر كيرط, شيرين فتاح","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.92","url":null,"abstract":"تم تنفيذ البحث في مركز البحوث العلمية الزراعية بالقامشلي، منطقة الاستقرار الأولى وفق تصميم القطع العشوائية وذلك بزراعة محصول القمح صنف دوما1 ضمن أربع معاملات وهي: 1-زراعة بدون فلاحة Zero-Tillage 2-زراعة تقليدية Conventional Tillage 3-زراعة دون فلاحة مع حرث عميق Sub soiling لكسر الطبقة الصماء ولمرة واحدة 4-زراعة تقليدية مع حرث عميق Sub soiling. وبثلاث مكررات لكل معاملة. تم استخدام البذارة (Baldan) لزراعة معاملة الزراعة الحافظة أما معاملة الزراعة التقليدية تمت فلاحتها وزراعتها باستخدام محراث الـ(Harrow). وقد أشارت نتائج البحث على مدار عشرة أعوام 2008 – 2018 أن لنظام الزراعة الحافظة تأثير معنوي في زيادة إنتاجية القمح مقارنة مع الزراعة التقليدية حيث متوسط الغلة الحبية للأعوام العشرة كان الأعلى معنوياً تحت ظروف الزراعة الحـافظة 1528 (كغ.هكتار-1) بنسبة زيادة 25% عن معاملة الزراعة التقليدية، و في حين كان الأدنى معنوياً تحت ظروف الزراعة التقليدية 1222 (كغ.هكتار-1). كما كان لحرث التربة العميق لمرة واحدة مع تطبيق نظام الزراعة الحافظة تأثير معنوي في زيادة الغلة الحبية 1534(كغ.هكتار-1) وبلغت الزيادة كمتوسط للمواسم العشرة 25.5% مقارنة مع معاملة الزراعة التقليدية دون حرث عميق. وكانت كفاءة استعمال محصول القمح لمياه الأمطار الأعلى معنوياً لمعاملة الزراعة الحافظة كمتوسط للمواسم العشرة بقيمة 14.85 كغ. مم-1 هكتار-1 تليها معاملة الزراعة الحافظة مع الحرث العميق 14.77 كغ. مم-1 هكتار-1 ثم معاملة الزراعة التقليدية مع الحرث العميق الى 13.31 كغ. مم-1 هكتار-1 وبنسب زيادة بلغت 20.9% -%20.3-%8.4 على التوالي مقارنة مع معاملة الزراعة التقليدية. وبينت نتائج تحليل الاستقرار إلى أن إنتاجية القمح تحت ظروف نظام الزراعة الحافظة كانت أقل تأثراً باختلاف ظروف النمو من إنتاجية معاملة الزراعة التقليدية وعملياً عند شح الهطولات المطرية.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72826592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aloysia. triphylla (L, H, er.) Britton (Family Verbenaceae) is studded for nutritional and pharmacological purposes. Soil factors and climatic tensions affect the growth of the herbs. A. triphylla plants were planted in the University greenhouse (Zahedan) in March. Humic substances solutions were sprinkled onto the soil surrounding the root of the plant. This way of planting simultaneously was repeated in the Zahedan outskirts and Zarand area. In late June, the leaves of planted samples were collected and prepared for senescing through the hydrodistillation method. After collecting leaves and be sprinkled with humic substances solution onto the soil surrounding root of the same plant, the leaves were picked up again in late September for oil extraction. Oil yields (w/w%) of the greenhouse's June samples were 0.45 and 0.48 for the blank and humic samples respectively. By analyzing oils, using GC & GC-MS techniques, 47 and 46 compounds were identified from the blank sample and humic sample oils, constituting 93.21% and 91.58% respectively. The higher percent of which: limonene, 1, 8-cineole, Z-citral, E-citral, bicylogermacrene, trans-caryophyllene, panthenol compounds. Oxygenated terpenoids percentage in the humic sample oils varies between 43.70 and 60.16 of which 43.70 belongs to the oil of Zarand September humic sample (Sapropel) and 60.16 to the oil of the greenhouse's June humic sample (Sapropel). Oxygenated terpenoid compounds in September samples were less than those of June samples. These changes result from humic substances and climatic tensions. As a result, the flowering period is shortened and the oil quality has been optimized.
{"title":"Humic Substances Effect and Climatic Tensions on the Growth and Essential Oil Quality of the Cultivated Aloysia. triphylla (Iran)","authors":"A. Sardashti, A. Assadi-Khanoki","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i3.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.91","url":null,"abstract":"Aloysia. triphylla (L, H, er.) Britton (Family Verbenaceae) is studded for nutritional and pharmacological purposes. Soil factors and climatic tensions affect the growth of the herbs. A. triphylla plants were planted in the University greenhouse (Zahedan) in March. Humic substances solutions were sprinkled onto the soil surrounding the root of the plant. This way of planting simultaneously was repeated in the Zahedan outskirts and Zarand area. In late June, the leaves of planted samples were collected and prepared for senescing through the hydrodistillation method. After collecting leaves and be sprinkled with humic substances solution onto the soil surrounding root of the same plant, the leaves were picked up again in late September for oil extraction. Oil yields (w/w%) of the greenhouse's June samples were 0.45 and 0.48 for the blank and humic samples respectively. By analyzing oils, using GC & GC-MS techniques, 47 and 46 compounds were identified from the blank sample and humic sample oils, constituting 93.21% and 91.58% respectively. The higher percent of which: limonene, 1, 8-cineole, Z-citral, E-citral, bicylogermacrene, trans-caryophyllene, panthenol compounds. Oxygenated terpenoids percentage in the humic sample oils varies between 43.70 and 60.16 of which 43.70 belongs to the oil of Zarand September humic sample (Sapropel) and 60.16 to the oil of the greenhouse's June humic sample (Sapropel). Oxygenated terpenoid compounds in September samples were less than those of June samples. These changes result from humic substances and climatic tensions. As a result, the flowering period is shortened and the oil quality has been optimized.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83305596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigates the impacts of blended treated wastewater (TWW) reuse with freshwater (FW) and irrigation frequency on corn (Zea Maize L.) crop yield and NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) soil content. The experiment comprised of three irrigation frequencies IF1: daily, IF2: every other day, and IF3: every 3 days; and five blended water treatments T100(100%TWW), T75(75%TWW and 25%FW), T50(50%TWW and 50%FW), T25(25%TWW and 75%FW), and T0(100%FW), in four replications. Results indicate that the significant effect of the irrigation frequency was mainly on corn cobs yield and consequently crop yield. Crop yield increases as the ratio of TWW increased in the blended irrigation water, with the highest significant yield (58,036 kg/ha) by using pure TWW(T100) and the lowest yield (37,695 kg/ha) was obtained by using FW (T0). Regardless of the irrigation frequency, the highest soil NPK content was obtained by using pure TWW (T100), while the lowest NPK soil content was obtained by using FW treatment (T0). Available soil N, P, and K contents in T100 treatment were significantly higher than that in T0 treatment by 50.4%, 62%, and 53%, respectively. Thus, the use of TWW in agricultural irrigation could provide a good balance of plant nutrients which can markedly increase crop yield and reduced the need for expensive commercial fertilizers.
{"title":"Impact of Blended Treated Wastewater and Irrigation Frequency on Corn Production and Soil Nutrients","authors":"Hala A. Freihat, A. Abu-Awwad, M. Tabbaa","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i2.70","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the impacts of blended treated wastewater (TWW) reuse with freshwater (FW) and irrigation frequency on corn (Zea Maize L.) crop yield and NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) soil content. The experiment comprised of three irrigation frequencies IF1: daily, IF2: every other day, and IF3: every 3 days; and five blended water treatments T100(100%TWW), T75(75%TWW and 25%FW), T50(50%TWW and 50%FW), T25(25%TWW and 75%FW), and T0(100%FW), in four replications. Results indicate that the significant effect of the irrigation frequency was mainly on corn cobs yield and consequently crop yield. Crop yield increases as the ratio of TWW increased in the blended irrigation water, with the highest significant yield (58,036 kg/ha) by using pure TWW(T100) and the lowest yield (37,695 kg/ha) was obtained by using FW (T0). Regardless of the irrigation frequency, the highest soil NPK content was obtained by using pure TWW (T100), while the lowest NPK soil content was obtained by using FW treatment (T0). Available soil N, P, and K contents in T100 treatment were significantly higher than that in T0 treatment by 50.4%, 62%, and 53%, respectively. Thus, the use of TWW in agricultural irrigation could provide a good balance of plant nutrients which can markedly increase crop yield and reduced the need for expensive commercial fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90112196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
April 11, 2021, declared the official day to celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Jordanian state. The Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences (JJAS) joins the Kingdom's celebrations on this honorable occasion. The JJAS editorial board decided to publish a special issue on the development of Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition in a hundred years. This special issue on selected growing specialized fields includes a collection of invited review articles written by eminent professional researchers from our beloved country at the invitation of the JJAS Editorial Board. The special edition is scheduled to be published in JJAS, volume 17, issue 3 three, September 2021.
{"title":"JJAS CELEBRATES THE CENTENARY OF THE JORDANIAN STATE","authors":"Mousa Numan Ahmad","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i2.68","url":null,"abstract":"April 11, 2021, declared the official day to celebrate the centenary of the founding of the Jordanian state. The Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences (JJAS) joins the Kingdom's celebrations on this honorable occasion. The JJAS editorial board decided to publish a special issue on the development of Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition in a hundred years. This special issue on selected growing specialized fields includes a collection of invited review articles written by eminent professional researchers from our beloved country at the invitation of the JJAS Editorial Board. The special edition is scheduled to be published in JJAS, volume 17, issue 3 three, September 2021.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91182376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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