The Jordanian standards (JS893/2006) governing the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) in agricultural irrigation only permit the use of drip and/or surface irrigation, and ban Sprinkler irrigation usage except for golf fields, and only during the night. This research was conducted to investigate the impact of using drip and sprinkler irrigation systems using TWW on soil nutrients and crop quality. Three fields were irrigated with TWW (i) Alfalfa using sprinkler (AS), (ii) Barley using sprinkler (BS), and (iii) Barley using drip (BD). To give a comparison, another barley field received only rainwater (BR). Results showed that no E. coli was detected (< 3 MPN/gm) on the plants (alfalfa and barley) irrigated with TWW using either drip or sprinkler. The negligible presence of E. coli, if any, in the middle and lower parts of the alfalfa plant could be attributed to the sampling time and the dense leaf of alfalfa. Results revealed that irrigation systems have no significant effect on soil chemical properties. However, the effect of TWW on soil chemical properties was significant. The significant increase in soil chemical properties could be attributed to the TWW content and the amount of its usage.
{"title":"Impact of Treated Wastewater on Soil and Crops Irrigated Using Drip and Sprinkler Systems","authors":"Rola N. Rawashdeh, A. Abu-Awwad, M. Tabbaa","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i2.69","url":null,"abstract":"The Jordanian standards (JS893/2006) governing the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) in agricultural irrigation only permit the use of drip and/or surface irrigation, and ban Sprinkler irrigation usage except for golf fields, and only during the night. This research was conducted to investigate the impact of using drip and sprinkler irrigation systems using TWW on soil nutrients and crop quality. Three fields were irrigated with TWW (i) Alfalfa using sprinkler (AS), (ii) Barley using sprinkler (BS), and (iii) Barley using drip (BD). To give a comparison, another barley field received only rainwater (BR). Results showed that no E. coli was detected (< 3 MPN/gm) on the plants (alfalfa and barley) irrigated with TWW using either drip or sprinkler. The negligible presence of E. coli, if any, in the middle and lower parts of the alfalfa plant could be attributed to the sampling time and the dense leaf of alfalfa. Results revealed that irrigation systems have no significant effect on soil chemical properties. However, the effect of TWW on soil chemical properties was significant. The significant increase in soil chemical properties could be attributed to the TWW content and the amount of its usage.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78366660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ready to use (RTU) shredded iceberg lettuce is a perishable product with a short shelf-life. Expanding the shelf life to seven days of this product as an economic need for the producers is the aim of this research. Fresh samples were harvested from the field and prepared according to the standard protocol of minimal processing fresh produce (receiving, removing dribs and pre-washing, washing, de-watering, packaging, and storing). Several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite were precisely optimized by oxidative/ reductive Potential (OPR) automated dozing pump under controlled neutral pH and cold temperature during washing regimen. Samples were vacuumed packed and kept tightly sealed at 4 °C for further analysis. Aerobic plate count and coliform as well as sensory evaluation were performed. Results showed that at a chlorine dose level less than 700 mV ORP, the shredded lettuce deteriorated due to elevated microbial load as well as from a sensory point of view. The level of 700 and 800 mV ORP extended shelf life for 7 days. Washing with chlorine levels higher than 800 mV showed alteration in sensory attributes although the microbial load was under control. Results of this study show that the automated ORP chlorine dozing “in form of sodium hypochlorite” at 700 mV (50 ppm) and 800 mV (100 ppm) within controlled pH and temperature, followed by storing the vacuumed well-sealed packs at 4 °C, were the best measures taken to increase the shelf life of the shredded iceberg lettuce from 5 to 7 days. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the uses of an ORP reading of 700 mV vs. 800 mV of chlorination. However, it is preferable to use the 700 mV ORP reading because it will release less chlorine in the washing water, hence, it will be healthier and more economical.
{"title":"Expanding the Shelf-Life of Ready to use Shredded Icebergs by Using Oxidation - Reduction Potential controlled Release of Various Chlorine Concentrations in Washing Water","authors":"M. Abdullah, H. Alawamleh, Moath S. Al- Nasraween","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i2.72","url":null,"abstract":"Ready to use (RTU) shredded iceberg lettuce is a perishable product with a short shelf-life. Expanding the shelf life to seven days of this product as an economic need for the producers is the aim of this research. Fresh samples were harvested from the field and prepared according to the standard protocol of minimal processing fresh produce (receiving, removing dribs and pre-washing, washing, de-watering, packaging, and storing). Several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite were precisely optimized by oxidative/ reductive Potential (OPR) automated dozing pump under controlled neutral pH and cold temperature during washing regimen. Samples were vacuumed packed and kept tightly sealed at 4 °C for further analysis. Aerobic plate count and coliform as well as sensory evaluation were performed. Results showed that at a chlorine dose level less than 700 mV ORP, the shredded lettuce deteriorated due to elevated microbial load as well as from a sensory point of view. The level of 700 and 800 mV ORP extended shelf life for 7 days. Washing with chlorine levels higher than 800 mV showed alteration in sensory attributes although the microbial load was under control. \u0000Results of this study show that the automated ORP chlorine dozing “in form of sodium hypochlorite” at 700 mV (50 ppm) and 800 mV (100 ppm) within controlled pH and temperature, followed by storing the vacuumed well-sealed packs at 4 °C, were the best measures taken to increase the shelf life of the shredded iceberg lettuce from 5 to 7 days. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the uses of an ORP reading of 700 mV vs. 800 mV of chlorination. However, it is preferable to use the 700 mV ORP reading because it will release less chlorine in the washing water, hence, it will be healthier and more economical.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73026719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Amarin, O. Kafawin, J. Ayad, F. Al-Zyoud, N. Haddad, Areen Amarin
As a result of the decreasing availability of high-quality irrigation water, the salinity tolerance of cut flowers is of increasing importance. The influence of salinity on the growth and quality of Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum morifolium L. grown in two different media under four salinity levels was evaluated. C. morifolium plants were grown in plastic pots containing either zeolitic tuff or soil as potting media. Seedlings of C. morifolium were subjected to four NaCl/CaCl2 salinity levels (2, 4, 6, and 8 dS.m-1). The effect of increasing salinity level on growth, flowering characteristics, time to flower, length and diameter of flowering shoots, and the diameter of the terminal flower on each stem were evaluated. On termination of the experiment, plant height, two perpendicular canopy widths, and fresh and dry weights of shoots were measured. Results indicated that most of all measured characteristics were reduced in response to increasing salinity levels. Increasing salinity levels caused significant reductions in plant height, fresh and dry yield, and relative water content. Moreover, salinity reduced flower quality (color, size, stem thickness, and length) and yield. Also, some physiological changes occur in stomatal conductance, leaf relative water content, and chlorophyll content. C. morifolium plants showed a good salinity resistance by irrigating plants with saline water up to 4 dS.m-1. Significant differences in C. morifolium plant responses were also detected between soil and zeolitic tuff media for most tested characteristics, in which using zeolitic tuff as rowing media was better to cope with higher salinity levels than plants grown in soil. In conclusion, it is recommended to use zeolitic tuff instead of soil when water salinity is a problem in irrigation water.
{"title":"Performance of Chrysanthemum or Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat (CV. Balady) in Different Saline Water Irrigated Soils and Growing Media","authors":"R. Amarin, O. Kafawin, J. Ayad, F. Al-Zyoud, N. Haddad, Areen Amarin","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i2.71","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the decreasing availability of high-quality irrigation water, the salinity tolerance of cut flowers is of increasing importance. The influence of salinity on the growth and quality of Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum morifolium L. grown in two different media under four salinity levels was evaluated. C. morifolium plants were grown in plastic pots containing either zeolitic tuff or soil as potting media. Seedlings of C. morifolium were subjected to four NaCl/CaCl2 salinity levels (2, 4, 6, and 8 dS.m-1). The effect of increasing salinity level on growth, flowering characteristics, time to flower, length and diameter of flowering shoots, and the diameter of the terminal flower on each stem were evaluated. On termination of the experiment, plant height, two perpendicular canopy widths, and fresh and dry weights of shoots were measured. Results indicated that most of all measured characteristics were reduced in response to increasing salinity levels. Increasing salinity levels caused significant reductions in plant height, fresh and dry yield, and relative water content. Moreover, salinity reduced flower quality (color, size, stem thickness, and length) and yield. Also, some physiological changes occur in stomatal conductance, leaf relative water content, and chlorophyll content. C. morifolium plants showed a good salinity resistance by irrigating plants with saline water up to 4 dS.m-1. Significant differences in C. morifolium plant responses were also detected between soil and zeolitic tuff media for most tested characteristics, in which using zeolitic tuff as rowing media was better to cope with higher salinity levels than plants grown in soil. In conclusion, it is recommended to use zeolitic tuff instead of soil when water salinity is a problem in irrigation water.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75809780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ketogenic (KD) and high-fat (HFD) diets and vitamin D (VD) produce variable effects on insulin secretion and body weight (BW), but mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of normal fat diets (NFD), KD, and HFD with and without VD on BW and serum glucose, insulin, VD, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats. Three isocaloric NFD, KD, and HFD containing respectively protein-carbohydrate-fat (NFD: 14.8%-75.7%-9.5%; KD:20.2%-10.3%-69.5%; HFD:15.2%-42.7-42.0%) and three other similar diets but with (1000 IU/kg) VD were used. Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, 5 rats were sacrificed at the start, remainders were randomly divided into NFD (n=15) and HFD (n=25), and fed for 8 weeks, then 5 rats from each were sacrificed. NFD remainders were divided into 2 subgroups (n=5) and fed NFD and NFD-VD, and HFD remainders were divided into 4 subgroups (n=5) and fed HFD, HFD-VD, KD, and KD-VD for further 8 weeks, then all rats were sacrificed. BW and food intake were measured, food conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated, and biological variables were determined following standard protocols. BW change and FCR (-15.6± -10.13g; 0.033±0.350 respectively) of rats fed KD-VD were the lowest (P<0.05) compared to those fed KD (144.8±1.47g; 0.189±0.050), HFD-VD (143.0±8.49g; 0.187±0.100), HFD (155.8±0.3g; 0.203±0.010), NFD-VD (142.8±6.34g; 0.183±0.009), and NFD (51.0±1.02g; 0.074±0.110) respectively. BW change correlated (P<0.01) with food intake (r=0.752), % carbohydrate (r=0.292), and % fat (r=0.341). None of the diets affected other biomarkers. Results clearly show BW-reducing effects for KD-VD that may be mediated by changes in food intake and dietary fat and carbohydrate proportion.
{"title":"Body Weight, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Rats Fed Normal-Fat, High-Fat, and Ketogenic Diets Supplemented with Vitamin D","authors":"Bushra Omar Al-Badarein, M. N. Ahmad","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i1.64","url":null,"abstract":"Ketogenic (KD) and high-fat (HFD) diets and vitamin D (VD) produce variable effects on insulin secretion and body weight (BW), but mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of normal fat diets (NFD), KD, and HFD with and without VD on BW and serum glucose, insulin, VD, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats. Three isocaloric NFD, KD, and HFD containing respectively protein-carbohydrate-fat (NFD: 14.8%-75.7%-9.5%; KD:20.2%-10.3%-69.5%; HFD:15.2%-42.7-42.0%) and three other similar diets but with (1000 IU/kg) VD were used. Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, 5 rats were sacrificed at the start, remainders were randomly divided into NFD (n=15) and HFD (n=25), and fed for 8 weeks, then 5 rats from each were sacrificed. NFD remainders were divided into 2 subgroups (n=5) and fed NFD and NFD-VD, and HFD remainders were divided into 4 subgroups (n=5) and fed HFD, HFD-VD, KD, and KD-VD for further 8 weeks, then all rats were sacrificed. BW and food intake were measured, food conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated, and biological variables were determined following standard protocols. BW change and FCR (-15.6± -10.13g; 0.033±0.350 respectively) of rats fed KD-VD were the lowest (P<0.05) compared to those fed KD (144.8±1.47g; 0.189±0.050), HFD-VD (143.0±8.49g; 0.187±0.100), HFD (155.8±0.3g; 0.203±0.010), NFD-VD (142.8±6.34g; 0.183±0.009), and NFD (51.0±1.02g; 0.074±0.110) respectively. BW change correlated (P<0.01) with food intake (r=0.752), % carbohydrate (r=0.292), and % fat (r=0.341). None of the diets affected other biomarkers. Results clearly show BW-reducing effects for KD-VD that may be mediated by changes in food intake and dietary fat and carbohydrate proportion.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82320223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contamination of animal feeds with mycotoxins in livestock farms is a severe matter. This study aimed to evaluate mycotoxigenic fungi, type of toxins, and toxin concentrations and contamination levels of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, and T2-toxin in ruminant feed collected from three different sites (a department laboratory, field 1, and field 2) and two periods of time (January and March). Also, four different genera were isolated and diagnosed from the animal feed based on the macroscopic morphology as well as on microscopic characteristics. The genera were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp. The result shows significant differences in fungal count among location storages, and among period times, too. Significant differences (P<0.05) also has found for mycotoxin concentration while storage in different locations. Additionally, animal feed collected from different sites and different periods contained lower limits of mycotoxins than the standard limits.
{"title":"Influence of Storage Condition and Period Time on Fungal Contamination and Mycotoxin in Ruminant Feed","authors":"H. Hamasalim, B. Ahmed, S. Mohammed","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i1.65","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of animal feeds with mycotoxins in livestock farms is a severe matter. This study aimed to evaluate mycotoxigenic fungi, type of toxins, and toxin concentrations and contamination levels of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, and T2-toxin in ruminant feed collected from three different sites (a department laboratory, field 1, and field 2) and two periods of time (January and March). Also, four different genera were isolated and diagnosed from the animal feed based on the macroscopic morphology as well as on microscopic characteristics. The genera were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp. The result shows significant differences in fungal count among location storages, and among period times, too. Significant differences (P<0.05) also has found for mycotoxin concentration while storage in different locations. Additionally, animal feed collected from different sites and different periods contained lower limits of mycotoxins than the standard limits.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72861914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
تهدف هذة الدراسة الى تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية للمرشدين الزراعيين في محافظة البلقاء، استخدم طريقة البحث السريع كمجموعة التركيز لجمع البيانات من العاملين الإرشاديين والمهندسين الزراعيين المشاركين في مهام إرشادية في المديريات والمراكز الزراعية في هذه المحافظة وشملت (قصبة السلط ، عين الباشا ، الفحيص ، ماحص ، والمراكز الزراعية في الصبيحي وعلان) ، بلغ عدد المشاركين في مجموعة التركيز خمسة عشر مرشداً زراعياً ، وتم سؤال المشاركين عن احتياجاتهم التدريبية وتحديد أولوياتها عن طريق إعطاء كل احتياج تدريبي درجة تتراوح بين (1-5) درجات وفقًا لعدد من المعايير التي تم تحديد الأوزان النسبية لها بواسطة مجموعة المشاركين. وشملت الاحتياجات التدريبية (17) سبعة عشر موضوعًا، حيث جاءت القيادة الريفية في الارشاد الزراعي، وأنظمة المعلومات الجغرافية، والزراعة العضوية في المرتبة الأولى، ثم مهارات الاتصال، والإدارة المتكاملة للأشجار المثمرة في المرتبة الثانية، ثم امراض الثروة الحيوانية في المرتبة الثالثة، ثم إدارة مزارع الإنتاج الحيواني في المرتبة الرابعة، ثم الري والتسميد في المرتبة الخامسة، ثم اكثار النباتات وزراعة الانسجة في المرتبة السادسة، ثم الوقاية النباتية في المرتبة السابعة، أصناف أشجار الفاكهة والخضراوات في المرتبة الثامنة، الزراعة المائية في المرتبة التاسعة، ثم نباتات الزينة في المرتبة العاشرة، ثم المدارس الحقلية في المرتبة الحادية عشر، ثم التسويق الزراعي وتقنيات ما بعد الحصاد في المرتبة الثانية عشر، ثم إدارة المشاريع الزراعية في المرتبة الثالثة عشر، والتصنيع الغذائي في المرتبة الرابعة عشر، حيث بلغت الدرجات المرجــــــــــــحة لهذه الاحتياجـــــات (85،85، 85، 80، 80، 72.5، 66.67، 65.83، 43.33،42.5، 30.83، 27.5، 20، 15، 13.33، 11.67، 5.83) على التوالي، وأخيرًا أوصت نتائج هذه الدراسة بأن الإرشاد الزراعي يجب أن يأخذ دورًا في تصميم برامج تدريبية للمرشدين الزراعيين في محافظة البلقاء من خلال إعداد خطة علمية وعملية تتضمن تفاصيل نتائج هذه الدراسة.
{"title":"الاحتياجات التدريبية للمرشدين الزراعيين في محافظة البلقاء","authors":"A. N. Al-shadiadeh","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v17i1.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i1.66","url":null,"abstract":"تهدف هذة الدراسة الى تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية للمرشدين الزراعيين في محافظة البلقاء، استخدم طريقة البحث السريع كمجموعة التركيز لجمع البيانات من العاملين الإرشاديين والمهندسين الزراعيين المشاركين في مهام إرشادية في المديريات والمراكز الزراعية في هذه المحافظة وشملت (قصبة السلط ، عين الباشا ، الفحيص ، ماحص ، والمراكز الزراعية في الصبيحي وعلان) ، بلغ عدد المشاركين في مجموعة التركيز خمسة عشر مرشداً زراعياً ، وتم سؤال المشاركين عن احتياجاتهم التدريبية وتحديد أولوياتها عن طريق إعطاء كل احتياج تدريبي درجة تتراوح بين (1-5) درجات وفقًا لعدد من المعايير التي تم تحديد الأوزان النسبية لها بواسطة مجموعة المشاركين. \u0000 وشملت الاحتياجات التدريبية (17) سبعة عشر موضوعًا، حيث جاءت القيادة الريفية في الارشاد الزراعي، وأنظمة المعلومات الجغرافية، والزراعة العضوية في المرتبة الأولى، ثم مهارات الاتصال، والإدارة المتكاملة للأشجار المثمرة في المرتبة الثانية، ثم امراض الثروة الحيوانية في المرتبة الثالثة، ثم إدارة مزارع الإنتاج الحيواني في المرتبة الرابعة، ثم الري والتسميد في المرتبة الخامسة، ثم اكثار النباتات وزراعة الانسجة في المرتبة السادسة، ثم الوقاية النباتية في المرتبة السابعة، أصناف أشجار الفاكهة والخضراوات في المرتبة الثامنة، الزراعة المائية في المرتبة التاسعة، ثم نباتات الزينة في المرتبة العاشرة، ثم المدارس الحقلية في المرتبة الحادية عشر، ثم التسويق الزراعي وتقنيات ما بعد الحصاد في المرتبة الثانية عشر، ثم إدارة المشاريع الزراعية في المرتبة الثالثة عشر، والتصنيع الغذائي في المرتبة الرابعة عشر، حيث بلغت الدرجات المرجــــــــــــحة لهذه الاحتياجـــــات (85،85، 85، 80، 80، 72.5، 66.67، 65.83، 43.33،42.5، 30.83، 27.5، 20، 15، 13.33، 11.67، 5.83) على التوالي، وأخيرًا أوصت نتائج هذه الدراسة بأن الإرشاد الزراعي يجب أن يأخذ دورًا في تصميم برامج تدريبية للمرشدين الزراعيين في محافظة البلقاء من خلال إعداد خطة علمية وعملية تتضمن تفاصيل نتائج هذه الدراسة.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89229249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R-alpha-lipoic acid (R-ALA) has been known to protect protein oxidation and lessen the pathogenesis of oxidative-related multiple diseases; however, its dosing remains unresolved. This study aimed to examine whether in vitro R-ALA varying levels would have antioxidant or pro-oxidant impacts on biomarkers of myoglobin oxidation in terms of carbonyls and free thiols for myoglobin upon long-term incubation. Myoglobin (1mg/mL) was concentrated with 6 different concentrations of R-ALA: 50 µM, 100 µM, 500 µM, 1mM, 2mM and 4mM for 30 days at pH 6.6 and temperature 37 °C. Myoglobin oxidative modifications as protein carbonyls and its oxidative defense as free thiols were determined by standard procedures. Thirty-day coincubation of native myoglobin with R-ALA at 500 µM, 1mM, 2mM, and 4mM significantly (p<0.05) elevated carbonyls (2.51±0.19; 2.59±0.22; 2.71±0.32 and 2.79±0.39 nmol/ mg protein respectively) compared to their levels in native control myoglobin (1.67±0.43 nmol/ mg protein) and significantly (p<0.05) decreased free thiols (4.60±0.36; 4.49±0.46; 4.38±0.28 and 4.07±0.39 nmol/ mg protein respectively) against their levels in native control myoglobin (5.71±0.62 nmol/ mg protein). Conversely, coincubation of myoglobin with 50µM and 100µM R-ALA reduced carbonyls (1.02±0.29 and 0.9±0.19 nmol/ mg protein respectively) compared to the control levels (1.67±0.43 nmol/ mg protein) and elevated free thiols (6.1±0.28 and 6.83±0.28 nmol/ mg protein respectively) against control levels (5.71±0.62 nmol/ mg protein) levels; 100µM elicited significant (p<0.05) differences, but 50µM did not. Findings indicate that high levels of R-ALA (0.5-4mM) provoked myoglobin oxidative damage while moderate levels (50-100µM) protected protein upon any spontaneous oxidative damage during long-term coincubation. Thus, R-ALA concentrations, which set the balance between R-ALA pro- and antioxidants, dictate the primary impacts of R-ALA on myoglobin redox status. Additional in vivo investigations are needed to assess the therapeutic insights of current findings.
{"title":"The Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant Impacts of Varying Levels of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Biomarkers of Myoglobin Oxidation in Vitro","authors":"Amani I Farah, Mousa Numan Ahmad, T. Al-Qirim","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v16i4.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v16i4.63","url":null,"abstract":"R-alpha-lipoic acid (R-ALA) has been known to protect protein oxidation and lessen the pathogenesis of oxidative-related multiple diseases; however, its dosing remains unresolved. This study aimed to examine whether in vitro R-ALA varying levels would have antioxidant or pro-oxidant impacts on biomarkers of myoglobin oxidation in terms of carbonyls and free thiols for myoglobin upon long-term incubation. Myoglobin (1mg/mL) was concentrated with 6 different concentrations of R-ALA: 50 µM, 100 µM, 500 µM, 1mM, 2mM and 4mM for 30 days at pH 6.6 and temperature 37 °C. Myoglobin oxidative modifications as protein carbonyls and its oxidative defense as free thiols were determined by standard procedures. Thirty-day coincubation of native myoglobin with R-ALA at 500 µM, 1mM, 2mM, and 4mM significantly (p<0.05) elevated carbonyls (2.51±0.19; 2.59±0.22; 2.71±0.32 and 2.79±0.39 nmol/ mg protein respectively) compared to their levels in native control myoglobin (1.67±0.43 nmol/ mg protein) and significantly (p<0.05) decreased free thiols (4.60±0.36; 4.49±0.46; 4.38±0.28 and 4.07±0.39 nmol/ mg protein respectively) against their levels in native control myoglobin (5.71±0.62 nmol/ mg protein). Conversely, coincubation of myoglobin with 50µM and 100µM R-ALA reduced carbonyls (1.02±0.29 and 0.9±0.19 nmol/ mg protein respectively) compared to the control levels (1.67±0.43 nmol/ mg protein) and elevated free thiols (6.1±0.28 and 6.83±0.28 nmol/ mg protein respectively) against control levels (5.71±0.62 nmol/ mg protein) levels; 100µM elicited significant (p<0.05) differences, but 50µM did not. Findings indicate that high levels of R-ALA (0.5-4mM) provoked myoglobin oxidative damage while moderate levels (50-100µM) protected protein upon any spontaneous oxidative damage during long-term coincubation. Thus, R-ALA concentrations, which set the balance between R-ALA pro- and antioxidants, dictate the primary impacts of R-ALA on myoglobin redox status. Additional in vivo investigations are needed to assess the therapeutic insights of current findings.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74361739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results showed that the MS medium supplemented with a concentration of 1.4 mg L-1 of NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 BA resulted in the highest significant value in the percentage of response to callus induction of 96.67% compared with the other combinations of growth regulators. The results showed that a combination of 9.5 mg L-1 BA and 0.2 mg L-1 NAA which was added to the MS medium recorded the highest percentage of response to indirect adventitious shoot formation from callus of Lantana Camara, several shoots per 100 mg callus and shoot length reached 96.67%, 10 shoots per 100 mg callus and 3.00 cm, respectively, after 12 weeks of culturing. The adventitious shoots of indirect organogenesis of Lantana Camara were rooted when cultured on the MS medium supplemented with a concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 of NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 BA after 8 weeks of planting.
{"title":"Regeneration of Adventitious Shoots from Induced Callus of Lantana Camara L. Plant by in Vitro Culture Technique","authors":"M. Ibrahim, M. Z. Sabti, Shiamaa H. Mussa","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v16i4.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v16i4.62","url":null,"abstract":"The results showed that the MS medium supplemented with a concentration of 1.4 mg L-1 of NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 BA resulted in the highest significant value in the percentage of response to callus induction of 96.67% compared with the other combinations of growth regulators. The results showed that a combination of 9.5 mg L-1 BA and 0.2 mg L-1 NAA which was added to the MS medium recorded the highest percentage of response to indirect adventitious shoot formation from callus of Lantana Camara, several shoots per 100 mg callus and shoot length reached 96.67%, 10 shoots per 100 mg callus and 3.00 cm, respectively, after 12 weeks of culturing. The adventitious shoots of indirect organogenesis of Lantana Camara were rooted when cultured on the MS medium supplemented with a concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 of NAA and 0.1 mg L-1 BA after 8 weeks of planting.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85877046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cattle production is a key pillar of food security in Africa. The majority of African cattle are highly admixed with unknown breed composition. Accurate estimation of the live weight (LW) of these cattle would improve the precision of feeding, veterinary services, and pricing resulting in an improvement in profitability. This study assessed estimating LW of admixed Sudani zebu cattle using eyeballing and heart girth (HG) models. Live weight and HG of 432 Baggara cattle, an admixed Sudani breed, were measured. Three models (a simple linear, a simple linear with box-cox transformed LW, and a quadratic) were generated using 382 heads and validated using 50 heads. A published model (LW (kg) = 3.54*HG (cm) - 322.63) was validated using the data of this study. The error of LW estimation by a breeder and five cattlemen were recorded. All constructed models had high R2 (0.725 - 0.728). However, the 95th percentile of the prediction error of the constructed and published models was higher than 20%. The 95th percentile of LW estimation error of all participants was high (>20%). Accordingly, HG models and eyeballing are not suitable methods to determine the LW of highly admixed zebu cattle for production, veterinary, and marketing purposes as they are prone to a high rate of error.
{"title":"Eye-balling and heart girth models for live weight estimation of highly admixed Sudani Shorthorn Zebu Cattle for Precise Production and Veterinary Services","authors":"A. Alkhtib, O. Almasri, E. Burton, J. Wamatu","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v16i3.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v16i3.61","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle production is a key pillar of food security in Africa. The majority of African cattle are highly admixed with unknown breed composition. Accurate estimation of the live weight (LW) of these cattle would improve the precision of feeding, veterinary services, and pricing resulting in an improvement in profitability. This study assessed estimating LW of admixed Sudani zebu cattle using eyeballing and heart girth (HG) models. Live weight and HG of 432 Baggara cattle, an admixed Sudani breed, were measured. Three models (a simple linear, a simple linear with box-cox transformed LW, and a quadratic) were generated using 382 heads and validated using 50 heads. A published model (LW (kg) = 3.54*HG (cm) - 322.63) was validated using the data of this study. The error of LW estimation by a breeder and five cattlemen were recorded. All constructed models had high R2 (0.725 - 0.728). However, the 95th percentile of the prediction error of the constructed and published models was higher than 20%. The 95th percentile of LW estimation error of all participants was high (>20%). Accordingly, HG models and eyeballing are not suitable methods to determine the LW of highly admixed zebu cattle for production, veterinary, and marketing purposes as they are prone to a high rate of error.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82713446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Amarin, O. Kafawin, J. Ayad, F. Al-Zyoud, A. Ghidan
Soil salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and development; and it is considered a problem in arid and semiarid regions, where rainfall is insufficient to leach salts. The clove pink, Dianthus caryophyllus L. is a major product in Jordan with different irrigation needs and has the capacity to cope with water deficit. Consequently, the current study aimed at investigating the effect of salinity on certain growth, physiological and mineral parameters of two varieties of D. caryophyllus (Bizet Sagr and Grand Slam Hygr). The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions at the University of Jordan during the 2015/2016 growing season. The plants were grown in either soil or zeolitic tuff at five salinity levels. The results indicated that the growth parameters of both D. caryophyllus varieties vary significantly among the different salinity levels in both growing media. Increasing salinity caused a significant reduction in plant height, fresh and dry weights, flower length and diameter, and a delayed flowering time. Increasing salinity level caused also a significant reduction in leaf greenness, fluorescence yield, and relative water content, and increased stomatal resistance of both plant varieties in both growing media. Increasing salinity level caused a significant increase in Na and Cl, and a decrease in K, P, and N concentrations in plants of both tested varieties and media. In conclusion, salinity caused a significant effect on all tested growth, physiological and mineral parameters of D. caryophyllus. An appropriate irrigation regime should be used as a key to success in ornamentals’ growth control.
土壤盐分是限制植物生长发育的主要环境因子之一;它被认为是干旱和半干旱地区的一个问题，在那里降雨不足以浸出盐。丁香粉石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus L.)是约旦不同灌溉需求的主要产品，具有应对缺水的能力。因此，本研究旨在探讨盐度对两个石竹品种(Bizet Sagr和Grand Slam Hygr)某些生长、生理和矿物参数的影响。实验于2015/2016生长季在约旦大学的温室条件下进行。这些植物生长在5种盐度水平的土壤或沸石凝灰岩中。结果表明，在不同盐度条件下，两个石竹品种的生长参数均有显著差异。盐度增加导致植株高度、鲜重和干重、花长和花径显著降低，开花时间延迟。在两种培养基中，盐度水平的升高也导致叶片绿度、荧光产量和相对含水量显著降低，气孔阻力增加。盐度水平的升高导致Na和Cl浓度显著升高，K、P和N浓度显著降低。综上所述，盐度对石竹的生长、生理和矿质参数均有显著影响。适当的灌溉制度是成功控制观赏植物生长的关键。
{"title":"Effect of Saline Water Irrigation and Growing Media on Growth, Physiological and Mineral Parameters of Clove Pink Dianthus Caryophyllus","authors":"R. Amarin, O. Kafawin, J. Ayad, F. Al-Zyoud, A. Ghidan","doi":"10.35516/jjas.v16i3.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v16i3.59","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and development; and it is considered a problem in arid and semiarid regions, where rainfall is insufficient to leach salts. The clove pink, Dianthus caryophyllus L. is a major product in Jordan with different irrigation needs and has the capacity to cope with water deficit. Consequently, the current study aimed at investigating the effect of salinity on certain growth, physiological and mineral parameters of two varieties of D. caryophyllus (Bizet Sagr and Grand Slam Hygr). The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions at the University of Jordan during the 2015/2016 growing season. The plants were grown in either soil or zeolitic tuff at five salinity levels. The results indicated that the growth parameters of both D. caryophyllus varieties vary significantly among the different salinity levels in both growing media. Increasing salinity caused a significant reduction in plant height, fresh and dry weights, flower length and diameter, and a delayed flowering time. Increasing salinity level caused also a significant reduction in leaf greenness, fluorescence yield, and relative water content, and increased stomatal resistance of both plant varieties in both growing media. Increasing salinity level caused a significant increase in Na and Cl, and a decrease in K, P, and N concentrations in plants of both tested varieties and media. In conclusion, salinity caused a significant effect on all tested growth, physiological and mineral parameters of D. caryophyllus. An appropriate irrigation regime should be used as a key to success in ornamentals’ growth control.","PeriodicalId":14707,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77257806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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