A time interval-sliding (TIS) method was developed for analysis of respiratory measures such as respiratory line length (RLL) and weighted average (WA) that are used in concealed information tests (CIT). The validity of this method was tested using simulations. The TIS method shifts the time interval such that its starting point for an analysis shifts to the bottom of the respiratory cycle. In study 1, it was demonstrated that negative in‰uences on RLL and WA caused by a starting point of analysis could be solved using the TIS method. In study 2, the e‹cacy of the TIS method was tested using CIT simulations. The results of these two studies indicated that the TIS method improves discriminability of RLL and WA. It was also found that the discriminability of the RLL was improved to the same level as those of the WA, although the RLL values were lower than those of the WA prior to operating the TIS method. Therefore, it can be expected that the TIS method will be an eŠective technique for the analysis of respiratory measures of CIT.
{"title":"Development of time interval-sliding method applicable to respiratory measures used in concealed information tests","authors":"Naohiro Yamamoto","doi":"10.3408/jafst.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.756","url":null,"abstract":"A time interval-sliding (TIS) method was developed for analysis of respiratory measures such as respiratory line length (RLL) and weighted average (WA) that are used in concealed information tests (CIT). The validity of this method was tested using simulations. The TIS method shifts the time interval such that its starting point for an analysis shifts to the bottom of the respiratory cycle. In study 1, it was demonstrated that negative in‰uences on RLL and WA caused by a starting point of analysis could be solved using the TIS method. In study 2, the e‹cacy of the TIS method was tested using CIT simulations. The results of these two studies indicated that the TIS method improves discriminability of RLL and WA. It was also found that the discriminability of the RLL was improved to the same level as those of the WA, although the RLL values were lower than those of the WA prior to operating the TIS method. Therefore, it can be expected that the TIS method will be an eŠective technique for the analysis of respiratory measures of CIT.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74947047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tri-allelic peaks are rarely detected from single-source DNA in the case of testing with commercial STR kits, while homozygous or heterozygous peaks are fre-quently observed at each locus. Tri-allelic patterns can possibly occur in healthy peo-ple, and the peak balance of various tri-alleles from diŠerent origins can cause some problems that discern from artifact peaks aŠecting the result of STR typing, or di‹culties in the evaluation of kinship. In this study, diŠerent samples from a volunteer with D21S11 tri-alleles ( alleles 26, 29, and 30 ) were tested using routine STR analysis methods. The peak balances of the tri-allele varied signiˆcantly between samples, therefore a type 1 tri-allelic pattern caused by somatic mutation in the early stages of diŠerentiation was possible because the sum of the lower two peak heights was roughly equal to the highest peak height in every case. Direct sequence analysis of the individual's family members revealed that the tri-allelic pattern was not inherited from the mother, nor was it passed down to the daughter. In addition, a mutated form of one of the tri-alleles and its mutated repeat unit and numbers were identiˆed. When tri-allelic peaks are suspected, it is essential to analyze not only intra-locus peak balance but also the whole electropherogram proˆle. This means that STR typ-ing is necessary considering the fact that pull-up peaks or stutter peaks could resem-ble tri-allelic peaks.
{"title":"Genetic research to evaluate tri-allelic peaks on D21S11 locus","authors":"Yukinobu Kutsuwada","doi":"10.3408/jafst.785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.785","url":null,"abstract":"Tri-allelic peaks are rarely detected from single-source DNA in the case of testing with commercial STR kits, while homozygous or heterozygous peaks are fre-quently observed at each locus. Tri-allelic patterns can possibly occur in healthy peo-ple, and the peak balance of various tri-alleles from diŠerent origins can cause some problems that discern from artifact peaks aŠecting the result of STR typing, or di‹culties in the evaluation of kinship. In this study, diŠerent samples from a volunteer with D21S11 tri-alleles ( alleles 26, 29, and 30 ) were tested using routine STR analysis methods. The peak balances of the tri-allele varied signiˆcantly between samples, therefore a type 1 tri-allelic pattern caused by somatic mutation in the early stages of diŠerentiation was possible because the sum of the lower two peak heights was roughly equal to the highest peak height in every case. Direct sequence analysis of the individual's family members revealed that the tri-allelic pattern was not inherited from the mother, nor was it passed down to the daughter. In addition, a mutated form of one of the tri-alleles and its mutated repeat unit and numbers were identiˆed. When tri-allelic peaks are suspected, it is essential to analyze not only intra-locus peak balance but also the whole electropherogram proˆle. This means that STR typ-ing is necessary considering the fact that pull-up peaks or stutter peaks could resem-ble tri-allelic peaks.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78510510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The behavior of degradation and diŠusion of phosphorus-containing amino acids, glyphosate and glufosinate, in soil was investigated over a long term of up to 6 months. The herbicides were extracted from the soil under strong alkaline condition and quantiˆed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. DiŠusion and downward penetration were hardly observed for glyphosate, and was observed for about 90 days in summer and about 185 days in winter. For glufosinate, on the other hand, the observation was relatively short at about 10 days, and diŠusion and penetration in soil were slightly observed. In the case when glyphosate or glufosinate is dumped on the ground for criminal purposes, the herbicides could be detected at least for 6 months for glyphosate and 1 month for glufosinate from the surface soil by using the method presented in this paper.
{"title":"Long-term decomposition and diffusion of glyphosate and glufosinate in soil","authors":"Daisuke Watanabe, Yuko Kazui, H. Ohta","doi":"10.3408/jafst.762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.762","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior of degradation and diŠusion of phosphorus-containing amino acids, glyphosate and glufosinate, in soil was investigated over a long term of up to 6 months. The herbicides were extracted from the soil under strong alkaline condition and quantiˆed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. DiŠusion and downward penetration were hardly observed for glyphosate, and was observed for about 90 days in summer and about 185 days in winter. For glufosinate, on the other hand, the observation was relatively short at about 10 days, and diŠusion and penetration in soil were slightly observed. In the case when glyphosate or glufosinate is dumped on the ground for criminal purposes, the herbicides could be detected at least for 6 months for glyphosate and 1 month for glufosinate from the surface soil by using the method presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"775 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75934897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concentrations of cannabinoids in Fiber type Cannabis sativa L. and in butane hash oil produced from the plant","authors":"Ken-Ichi Sugie, Mamoru Akutsu","doi":"10.3408/JAFST.763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/JAFST.763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81641213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
not detected by the other version. For the quality assessments by PQV ‰ags, discordance was found in only SPK in Sample-Level Quality Assessments, discordance was found in BIN, PHR, LPH, AN, BD, SPK, and ACC in Marker-Level Quality Assessments. These discordances except for peak area were caused by lower peaks derived from artifact and / or noise. Further, the impact of the version diŠerence on the calculation of the minimum thresholds was evaluated. Although slight diŠerences in detected peak height were observed by the revision of the peak height detection algorithm, the calculated minimum thresholds resulted in the same values.
{"title":"Concordance study between GeneMapperTM ID-X Software v1.6 and the earlier version: The impact of revision of peak height detection algorithm on forensic STR typing","authors":"Shota Inokuchi, N. Mizuno, K. Sekiguchi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.780","url":null,"abstract":"not detected by the other version. For the quality assessments by PQV ‰ags, discordance was found in only SPK in Sample-Level Quality Assessments, discordance was found in BIN, PHR, LPH, AN, BD, SPK, and ACC in Marker-Level Quality Assessments. These discordances except for peak area were caused by lower peaks derived from artifact and / or noise. Further, the impact of the version diŠerence on the calculation of the minimum thresholds was evaluated. Although slight diŠerences in detected peak height were observed by the revision of the peak height detection algorithm, the calculated minimum thresholds resulted in the same values.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78422390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discrimination of green model paints by elemental analysis using SEM/EDX","authors":"Tadashi Mukai, Sayaka Murata, M. Nishio, Masaru Kusatani, Seita Nakai, Sadao Honda","doi":"10.3408/jafst.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82425640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hidenao Kakehashi, N. Shima, H. Kamata, H. Nishioka, Akari Ishikawa, Ryutaro Asai, Atsushi Nitta, Misato Wada, Shihoko Nakano, S. Matsuta, K. Sasaki, Tooru Kamata, A. Miki, M. Katagi
{"title":"Development of a new method for cyanide determination using dimethoxytriazinyl (DMT) derivatization","authors":"Hidenao Kakehashi, N. Shima, H. Kamata, H. Nishioka, Akari Ishikawa, Ryutaro Asai, Atsushi Nitta, Misato Wada, Shihoko Nakano, S. Matsuta, K. Sasaki, Tooru Kamata, A. Miki, M. Katagi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82521275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors influencing police officers' feeling of ease or difficulty while interviewing suspects","authors":"Wataru Zaitsu, Taihei Nagata","doi":"10.3408/jafst.772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"97 1","pages":"245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78083692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological evidence is often found at crime scenes that are from human and various unknown organisms. In some cases, species identiˆcation is important for an investigation. Therefore, a direct sequencing method that targets three regions of the 16s rRNA gene was examined to classify 14 mammalian samples. For each mammalian DNA sample, PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis with modiˆed universal primers. Direct sequencing was performed using a BigDye Terminator v1.1 Cycle Sequencing kit and an ABI 3130xl Genetic Analyzer. Each sequence was evaluated by a nucleotide BLAST homology search. The top hits for sequence homology for each sample matched the actual species, or closely-related species. In conclusion, this eŠective method may be used in routine forensic practices to identify the species of unknown mammalian biological samples, such as from blood, body ‰uid, tissue, hair, and bone.
{"title":"Forensic species identification of mammals targeting the 16S rRNA gene by direct sequencing","authors":"Yukinobu Kutsuwada","doi":"10.3408/jafst.768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.768","url":null,"abstract":"Biological evidence is often found at crime scenes that are from human and various unknown organisms. In some cases, species identiˆcation is important for an investigation. Therefore, a direct sequencing method that targets three regions of the 16s rRNA gene was examined to classify 14 mammalian samples. For each mammalian DNA sample, PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis with modiˆed universal primers. Direct sequencing was performed using a BigDye Terminator v1.1 Cycle Sequencing kit and an ABI 3130xl Genetic Analyzer. Each sequence was evaluated by a nucleotide BLAST homology search. The top hits for sequence homology for each sample matched the actual species, or closely-related species. In conclusion, this eŠective method may be used in routine forensic practices to identify the species of unknown mammalian biological samples, such as from blood, body ‰uid, tissue, hair, and bone.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90743301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kakuda, N. Akiba, K. Kuroki, K. Hibino, K. Kurosawa, K. Tsuchiya, Ryo Yokota, Daisuke Imoto, Manato Hirabayashi, K. Tanabe, Yoshinori Hawai
Image enhancement of a pre-processed and colored ˆngerprint with complex background patterns has high demand in appraisal evaluation of forensic evidence. This paper focuses on image enhancement of ninhydrin-processed ˆngerprints on periodic-patterned backgrounds. Contrast adjustment usually does not work well for separation between ˆngerprints and periodic-patterned backgrounds because of similarity in their color scales and / or superposing patterns. As alternative methods of contrast more enhanced ˆngerprints than the contrast adjustment does. If some periodic patterns remain after the processing of each approach, these patterns can be removed by using frequency ˆltering based on 2-dimensional Fast Fourier Transformation. It is eŠective to apply the hue-based approach ˆrst and, if the enhancement of ˆngerprints is not su‹cient, then it is recommended to use the PCA-based approach both in RGB and CIELAB color space. Proposed methods are easy to be conducted when an RGB image including a colored ˆngerprint is given by a common digital camera or ‰atbed scanner. Our methods can also be used even when an image for background subtraction is not available. Proposed methods expand the capability of utilizing colored ˆngerprints processed by ninhydrin for the forensic evidence.
{"title":"Image enhancement of ninhydrin-processed and colored fingerprints","authors":"H. Kakuda, N. Akiba, K. Kuroki, K. Hibino, K. Kurosawa, K. Tsuchiya, Ryo Yokota, Daisuke Imoto, Manato Hirabayashi, K. Tanabe, Yoshinori Hawai","doi":"10.3408/jafst.759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.759","url":null,"abstract":"Image enhancement of a pre-processed and colored ˆngerprint with complex background patterns has high demand in appraisal evaluation of forensic evidence. This paper focuses on image enhancement of ninhydrin-processed ˆngerprints on periodic-patterned backgrounds. Contrast adjustment usually does not work well for separation between ˆngerprints and periodic-patterned backgrounds because of similarity in their color scales and / or superposing patterns. As alternative methods of contrast more enhanced ˆngerprints than the contrast adjustment does. If some periodic patterns remain after the processing of each approach, these patterns can be removed by using frequency ˆltering based on 2-dimensional Fast Fourier Transformation. It is eŠective to apply the hue-based approach ˆrst and, if the enhancement of ˆngerprints is not su‹cient, then it is recommended to use the PCA-based approach both in RGB and CIELAB color space. Proposed methods are easy to be conducted when an RGB image including a colored ˆngerprint is given by a common digital camera or ‰atbed scanner. Our methods can also be used even when an image for background subtraction is not available. Proposed methods expand the capability of utilizing colored ˆngerprints processed by ninhydrin for the forensic evidence.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81046923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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