Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1543
Wasan Alwahsh, Mai Jaber, Suha Al Muhaissen, Bashar Al-khalidi, S. Sahudin, Hatim S Alkhatib
In this study we evaluated the effect of Na Lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the water-uptake and release properties of Na Tripolyphosphate (TPP)-cross linked chitosan beads. Chitosan beads were prepared by dropping riboflavin-loaded, chitosan (CS) solution into a curing medium composed of either an aqueous solution of TPP, SLS or a combination of these solutes. The resultant beads were characterized in terms of their size, drug encapsulation efficiency, water uptake properties by gravimetry and image analysis. Drug release properties of the prepared beads were studied using USP Apparatus 1 in media with different pH and ionic strength. Composites (CS/TPP, CS/SLS, and CS/TPP/SLS) were also evaluated using DSC, FTIR and contact angle measurements. Encapsulation efficiency was found to be 93%, 93.2% and 93.1% for CS/TPP, CS/SLS, and CS/TPP/SLS beads respectively and did not show any dependence on the composition of the curing medium for riboflavin. FTIR data suggested the presence of electrostatic interactions between positively charged amine group of CS and the negatively charged TPP and SLS. Drug release from the prepared beads was prolonged with CS/SLS beads releasing the drug faster than CS/TPP beads. The slowest drug release was observed in the case of CS/TPP/SLS beads. Drug release from the different types of beads was pH-dependent with the fastest release observed in 0.1 N HCl. Gravimetric water uptake was highest for CS/SLS beads followed by CS/TPP and CS/TPP/SLS respectively. Swelling study using image analysis showed a similar trend to the gravimetric water uptake results. The drug release and water uptake results could be explained by the effect of SLS on the wettability of the beads and the ability of the release medium to hydrate them which was confirmed by the high contact angle between water and CS/TPP/SLS composites.
研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)对三聚磷酸钠(TPP)交联壳聚糖微球吸水和释水性能的影响。将装载核黄素的壳聚糖(CS)溶液滴入由TPP、SLS水溶液或这些溶质的组合组成的固化介质中，制备壳聚糖微球。用重量法和图像分析对所得微球的粒径、包封率、吸水性能等进行了表征。用USP仪器1研究了制备的微球在不同pH和离子强度介质中的释药性能。复合材料(CS/TPP、CS/SLS和CS/TPP/SLS)也通过DSC、FTIR和接触角测量进行了评估。CS/TPP、CS/SLS和CS/TPP/SLS微球的包封率分别为93%、93.2%和93.1%，与核黄素固化介质的组成无关。FTIR数据表明，CS中带正电的胺基与带负电的TPP和SLS之间存在静电相互作用。CS/SLS微球的释药速度比CS/TPP微球快，延长了微球的释药时间。CS/TPP/SLS微珠的释药速度最慢。不同类型微球的药物释放呈ph依赖性，在0.1 N HCl中释放最快。CS/SLS的吸水率最高，其次是CS/TPP和CS/TPP/SLS。使用图像分析的溶胀研究显示了与重力吸水结果相似的趋势。水与CS/TPP/SLS复合材料的高接触角证实了SLS对微珠润湿性的影响和释放介质对微珠的水化作用。
{"title":"Effect of Surface Modification with Na Lauryl Sulfate on The Water-Uptake and Release Properties of Na Tripolyphosphate-Cross Linked Chitosan Beads","authors":"Wasan Alwahsh, Mai Jaber, Suha Al Muhaissen, Bashar Al-khalidi, S. Sahudin, Hatim S Alkhatib","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1543","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we evaluated the effect of Na Lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the water-uptake and release properties of Na Tripolyphosphate (TPP)-cross linked chitosan beads. Chitosan beads were prepared by dropping riboflavin-loaded, chitosan (CS) solution into a curing medium composed of either an aqueous solution of TPP, SLS or a combination of these solutes. The resultant beads were characterized in terms of their size, drug encapsulation efficiency, water uptake properties by gravimetry and image analysis. Drug release properties of the prepared beads were studied using USP Apparatus 1 in media with different pH and ionic strength. Composites (CS/TPP, CS/SLS, and CS/TPP/SLS) were also evaluated using DSC, FTIR and contact angle measurements. Encapsulation efficiency was found to be 93%, 93.2% and 93.1% for CS/TPP, CS/SLS, and CS/TPP/SLS beads respectively and did not show any dependence on the composition of the curing medium for riboflavin. FTIR data suggested the presence of electrostatic interactions between positively charged amine group of CS and the negatively charged TPP and SLS. Drug release from the prepared beads was prolonged with CS/SLS beads releasing the drug faster than CS/TPP beads. The slowest drug release was observed in the case of CS/TPP/SLS beads. Drug release from the different types of beads was pH-dependent with the fastest release observed in 0.1 N HCl. Gravimetric water uptake was highest for CS/SLS beads followed by CS/TPP and CS/TPP/SLS respectively. Swelling study using image analysis showed a similar trend to the gravimetric water uptake results. The drug release and water uptake results could be explained by the effect of SLS on the wettability of the beads and the ability of the release medium to hydrate them which was confirmed by the high contact angle between water and CS/TPP/SLS composites.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42148838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1509
Duaa Sabbah
Cancer has been considered as a main cause of death worldwide. Despite the effectiveness of traditional anticancer therapies such as 5-Flurouracil (5-FU), poor therapeutic outcomes are reported in many cases, due to tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. Intracellular lipid accumulation as lipid droplets (LDs) is now a well-recognized hallmark of cancer. However, the influence of LDs accumulation in cancer progression and treatment remains to be elucidated. Adjuvant use of non-chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g. NSAIDs and corticosteroids) with anticancer drugs to manage cancer related symptoms, may though serve as factors modulating the therapeutic response to anticancer agents via LDs related mechanisms. The aim of this study is to evaluate possible strategies influencing chemoresistance by attenuating LDs biogenesis and function. LDs levels in eight human cancer cell lines were measured. The existence of correlation between the cellular levels of LDs and cytotoxicity of ten chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated. A moderate correlation between basal LDs levels and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5-FU on selected cell lines was established (r2= 0.5235). Nevertheless, LDs levels were significantly elevated following exposure to 5-FU. A549 human lung cancer cells showed the highest increase in LD accumulation (***P >0.001) compared to their basal levels of LDs. LDs levels were also assessed following exposure to 5-FU in the presence of sub-lethal doses of celecoxib (CXB), dexamethasone (DEX), and simvastatin (SMV). Interestingly, CXB and DEX exposure to 5-FUtreated cells resulted in an alleviation in the antiproliferative activities of 5-FU in MDA-MB-468 and HCT116 but not in A549 cells. While, SMV exposure to 5-FU-treated cells resulted in reduced antiproliferative activities of 5-FU in MDA-MB-468 only. These results strongly suggest that increased LDs levels caused by CXB, DEX, and SMV may contribute in the development of a resistance mechanism exist only in some cancer types, which therefore, attenuates responses to 5- FU. The inhibition of phospholipid metabolism by DEX, as well as the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) by SMV were expected to result in the up regulation of triacylglycerol (TAG), leading to LDs accumulation. This study highlights the importance of assessing drug-drug interaction before designing integrated therapy regimens for cancer patients receiving 5-FU treatment. Further studies are needed to discover the role of TAG inhibition on the sensitivity of cancer cells against 5-FU.
{"title":"Investigations of Lipid Droplets Role in Attenuating Chemotherapeutic Responses to 5-FU in Cancer Cells in vitro","authors":"Duaa Sabbah","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1509","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has been considered as a main cause of death worldwide. Despite the effectiveness of traditional anticancer therapies such as 5-Flurouracil (5-FU), poor therapeutic outcomes are reported in many cases, due to tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. Intracellular lipid accumulation as lipid droplets (LDs) is now a well-recognized hallmark of cancer. However, the influence of LDs accumulation in cancer progression and treatment remains to be elucidated. Adjuvant use of non-chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g. NSAIDs and corticosteroids) with anticancer drugs to manage cancer related symptoms, may though serve as factors modulating the therapeutic response to anticancer agents via LDs related mechanisms. The aim of this study is to evaluate possible strategies influencing chemoresistance by attenuating LDs biogenesis and function. LDs levels in eight human cancer cell lines were measured. The existence of correlation between the cellular levels of LDs and cytotoxicity of ten chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated. A moderate correlation between basal LDs levels and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5-FU on selected cell lines was established (r2= 0.5235). Nevertheless, LDs levels were significantly elevated following exposure to 5-FU. A549 human lung cancer cells showed the highest increase in LD accumulation (***P >0.001) compared to their basal levels of LDs. LDs levels were also assessed following exposure to 5-FU in the presence of sub-lethal doses of celecoxib (CXB), dexamethasone (DEX), and simvastatin (SMV). Interestingly, CXB and DEX exposure to 5-FUtreated cells resulted in an alleviation in the antiproliferative activities of 5-FU in MDA-MB-468 and HCT116 but not in A549 cells. While, SMV exposure to 5-FU-treated cells resulted in reduced antiproliferative activities of 5-FU in MDA-MB-468 only. These results strongly suggest that increased LDs levels caused by CXB, DEX, and SMV may contribute in the development of a resistance mechanism exist only in some cancer types, which therefore, attenuates responses to 5- FU. The inhibition of phospholipid metabolism by DEX, as well as the inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) by SMV were expected to result in the up regulation of triacylglycerol (TAG), leading to LDs accumulation. This study highlights the importance of assessing drug-drug interaction before designing integrated therapy regimens for cancer patients receiving 5-FU treatment. Further studies are needed to discover the role of TAG inhibition on the sensitivity of cancer cells against 5-FU.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43079794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1486
H. Hejaz
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has made this problem one of its priorities for solving. Repeated and improper use of antibiotics is the main reason for the bacteria's resistance to the drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, and attitudes of Palestinians regarding antibiotic usage and awareness about resistance. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that targeted Palestinians from different cities. We used an online questionnaire which distributed randomly for data collection. The questionnaire consists of 52 questions to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of antibiotic use and resistance. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data collected. Results: A total of 744 participated in the study and completed the questionnaire, and the majority of them (60.5 %; n= 450 out of 744) were from the Hebron Governorate. The major of the respondents also were females (n= 653, 87.8%) and their age between 20-35 years old (n= 498, 66.9%) with a bachelor degree (n= 502, 67.5%). The majority of them (75.5%, n= 560) think that antibiotics should be given only by prescription, and about half of the people (52%= n= 387) believe that antibiotics are not safe. Most participants relied on the physician for dispensing the antibiotic (60.1%, n= 455) but the same percentage of them use leftover antibiotics that have been used previously. Four hundred eighty-three (65%, n= 483) who completed the questionnaire heard about the antibiotic resistance term from medical staff, and their main primary sources of information about antibiotics and medicines were from health staff too (50%, n= 371), then internet (25%, n= 185). Some people (16%, n= 119) mentioned that pharmacists have a role in educating them and providing all the necessary information, or advice about the use of medicines and the dangers of medication misuse. Most of the participants obtained the antibiotics by prescription from a doctor (n= 339, 45.6%), then from the Pharmacist (n= 91, 12.2%), and 63 persons (8.5%) purchases them on their own. Quite a high number of participants (n= 348, 46.8%) stop taking antibiotics when they start feeling better. According to the results obtained, social media was the primary source of information regarding antibiotic resistance. Conclusions: Higher education, younger age, gender, profession, and a high monthly income were associated significantly with good knowledge and a positive attitude toward antibiotic use. Educational interventions for appropriate antibiotic use are needed all the time and enforcing antibiotics regulations should be also considered to reduce antibiotic resistance.
背景:抗生素耐药性是一个全球性问题，世界卫生组织(WHO)已将这一问题列为其优先解决的问题之一。反复和不当使用抗生素是细菌耐药的主要原因。目的:本研究旨在评估巴勒斯坦人对抗生素使用和耐药性认识的知识和态度。方法:这是一项针对来自不同城市的巴勒斯坦人的横断面研究。我们采用随机分布的在线问卷进行数据收集。问卷包括52个问题，用于衡量对抗生素使用和耐药性的知识、态度和意识。使用SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)第25版对收集到的数据进行分析。结果:共有744人参与研究并完成问卷调查，其中绝大多数(60.5%;744人中有450人来自希布伦省。受访者的专业也以女性为主(n= 653, 87.8%)，年龄在20-35岁之间(n= 498, 66.9%)，本科学历(n= 502, 67.5%)。其中大多数人(75.5%，n= 560)认为抗生素只能凭处方使用，约一半的人(52%= n= 387)认为抗生素不安全。大多数参与者依赖医生分配抗生素(60.1%，n= 455)，但他们使用以前使用过的剩余抗生素的比例相同。483人(65%，n= 483)从医务人员那里听说了抗生素耐药术语，其抗生素和药物信息的主要来源也是医务人员(50%，n= 371)，其次是互联网(25%，n= 185)。一些人(16%，n= 119)提到，药剂师在教育他们和提供所有必要的信息或关于药物使用和药物滥用危险的建议方面发挥着作用。其中，通过医生处方获得抗生素者最多(339人，占45.6%)，其次是药剂师(91人，占12.2%)，自行购买者63人(8.5%)。相当多的参与者(n= 348, 46.8%)在感觉好转后停止服用抗生素。根据获得的结果，社交媒体是有关抗生素耐药性的主要信息来源。结论:高学历、年龄、性别、职业和高月收入与抗菌药物使用知识和积极态度显著相关。始终需要适当使用抗生素的教育干预措施，还应考虑执行抗生素法规以减少抗生素耐药性。
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes towards Antibiotic Usage","authors":"H. Hejaz","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1486","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has made this problem one of its priorities for solving. Repeated and improper use of antibiotics is the main reason for the bacteria's resistance to the drugs. \u0000Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, and attitudes of Palestinians regarding antibiotic usage and awareness about resistance. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that targeted Palestinians from different cities. We used an online questionnaire which distributed randomly for data collection. The questionnaire consists of 52 questions to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of antibiotic use and resistance. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data collected. \u0000Results: A total of 744 participated in the study and completed the questionnaire, and the majority of them (60.5 %; n= 450 out of 744) were from the Hebron Governorate. The major of the respondents also were females (n= 653, 87.8%) and their age between 20-35 years old (n= 498, 66.9%) with a bachelor degree (n= 502, 67.5%). The majority of them (75.5%, n= 560) think that antibiotics should be given only by prescription, and about half of the people (52%= n= 387) believe that antibiotics are not safe. Most participants relied on the physician for dispensing the antibiotic (60.1%, n= 455) but the same percentage of them use leftover antibiotics that have been used previously. Four hundred eighty-three (65%, n= 483) who completed the questionnaire heard about the antibiotic resistance term from medical staff, and their main primary sources of information about antibiotics and medicines were from health staff too (50%, n= 371), then internet (25%, n= 185). Some people (16%, n= 119) mentioned that pharmacists have a role in educating them and providing all the necessary information, or advice about the use of medicines and the dangers of medication misuse. Most of the participants obtained the antibiotics by prescription from a doctor (n= 339, 45.6%), then from the Pharmacist (n= 91, 12.2%), and 63 persons (8.5%) purchases them on their own. Quite a high number of participants (n= 348, 46.8%) stop taking antibiotics when they start feeling better. According to the results obtained, social media was the primary source of information regarding antibiotic resistance. \u0000Conclusions: Higher education, younger age, gender, profession, and a high monthly income were associated significantly with good knowledge and a positive attitude toward antibiotic use. Educational interventions for appropriate antibiotic use are needed all the time and enforcing antibiotics regulations should be also considered to reduce antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42864167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1534
Lana Kattan
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for almost one-third of the total global deaths. Early CVD risk assessment and management (RAM) has demonstrated to be effective in decreasing CVD-related burden. However, CVDRAM services face many challenges and barriers in the community. Mobile technology has been advocated to facilitate access to CVDRAM for both healthcare providers and patients to overcome these barriers. Nevertheless, there is limited availability and use of CVDRAM-related mobile technology in the Middle East region. Objectives: To develop and implement an English and Arabic version of a mobile and a web application for CVDRAM in both, community pharmacies and selected primary care centres in Qatar. Methodology: This study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, translation of the EPI·RxISK™ CV risk calculator (ERC) into the Arabic language was conducted based on guidelines developed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. The English/Arabic version of the ERC was pilot tested by potential end users, consisting of a sample of community pharmacists (CRxs) and members of the public (MOP) accessing community pharmacy services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the constructs of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. In Phase 2, a prospective observational study (QCARxE) is underway to explore the feasibility of using the ERC in patients accessing primary health care services for CVDRAM, including community pharmacies and primary health care centers (PHCC). Results: In Phase 1, a total of 10 CRxs and 5 MOP were interviewed. The data derived from the interviews indicate that the ERC web and mobile application were overall, positively perceived as having quality engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information and subjective quality attributes. To date, a total of 36 patients have enrolled in the QCARxE study (20 from PHCC and 16 from community pharmacies). At their initial CVD risk assessment visit, the mean CVD risk score for these patients was 28.3%, and the most prevalent risk factor was obesity (mean BMI = 30.2 kg/m²). Conclusion: The themes derived from the interviews indicate that the ERC was overall, positively perceived. Preliminary data derived from the QCARxE study indicated a significant proportion of patients accessing primary health care services are at high CVD risk. It is speculated that the use of the ERC will enable patients to become better aware of their CVD risk and improve access to risk factor interventions.
{"title":"QCARxE: Qatar-based cardiovascular risk assessment using the English/Arabic version of the EPI·RxISK™ mobile application","authors":"Lana Kattan","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1534","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for almost one-third of the total global deaths. Early CVD risk assessment and management (RAM) has demonstrated to be effective in decreasing CVD-related burden. However, CVDRAM services face many challenges and barriers in the community. Mobile technology has been advocated to facilitate access to CVDRAM for both healthcare providers and patients to overcome these barriers. Nevertheless, there is limited availability and use of CVDRAM-related mobile technology in the Middle East region. \u0000Objectives: To develop and implement an English and Arabic version of a mobile and a web application for CVDRAM in both, community pharmacies and selected primary care centres in Qatar. \u0000Methodology: This study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, translation of the EPI·RxISK™ CV risk calculator (ERC) into the Arabic language was conducted based on guidelines developed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. The English/Arabic version of the ERC was pilot tested by potential end users, consisting of a sample of community pharmacists (CRxs) and members of the public (MOP) accessing community pharmacy services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the constructs of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. In Phase 2, a prospective observational study (QCARxE) is underway to explore the feasibility of using the ERC in patients accessing primary health care services for CVDRAM, including community pharmacies and primary health care centers (PHCC). \u0000Results: In Phase 1, a total of 10 CRxs and 5 MOP were interviewed. The data derived from the interviews indicate that the ERC web and mobile application were overall, positively perceived as having quality engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information and subjective quality attributes. To date, a total of 36 patients have enrolled in the QCARxE study (20 from PHCC and 16 from community pharmacies). At their initial CVD risk assessment visit, the mean CVD risk score for these patients was 28.3%, and the most prevalent risk factor was obesity (mean BMI = 30.2 kg/m²). \u0000Conclusion: The themes derived from the interviews indicate that the ERC was overall, positively perceived. Preliminary data derived from the QCARxE study indicated a significant proportion of patients accessing primary health care services are at high CVD risk. It is speculated that the use of the ERC will enable patients to become better aware of their CVD risk and improve access to risk factor interventions.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45976532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1487
A. Telfah, Nour Sharar, Hanan Jafar, R. Hergenröder
Despite the progression in cancer therapeutic approaches, cancer is still the leading cause of death worldwide with a steadily increasing incidence rate. In Jordan, CRC is the most common type of cancer among men and the second most common among women, while being one of the most accruing cancers in Germany. The difficulties in cancer treatments arise from the poor correlation between in vivo and in in vitro anti-cancer drug testing results and cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy, which are attributed to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, and the interaction of cancer cells with non-cancerous cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition to, the several mechanisms, that governs DNA damages repair, epigenetics, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell culture techniques have been developed to construct in vitro multicellular cancer spheroids (MTCS) that mimic cell-cells interaction and the cellular organization in the TME. They also illustrate the proliferation gradient of solid tumors, and the nutrition and gas supply to cancer cells at different depth in the spheroid. Therefore, they are considered an excellent in vitro cancer model to study the efficiency and to investigate the penetration depth of the anti-cancer materials. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical method that gives comprehensive and rich chemical information, along with high speciation performance. It is one of the major noninvasive tools for metabolomics, therefore it has been utilized to study the metabolic profiling of freshly isolated- non-destructed tissues, and living in vitro cellular models. A micro-imaging technique for real-time NMR investigations is developed to study the penetration depth, rate, and effective diffusion coefficients of anti-cancer materials through cancer spheroids. This technique is based on our patented invention of planar waveguide micro slot NMR detector with on board thermal regulator integrated and a microfluidic device. Based on this innovative development, we are able to perform real-time magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) on a living synthetic tissue constructed in micrometer scale to monitor drug penetration and diffusion, while providing spectroscopic information about the production and degradation of metabolites in picomoles concentrations.
{"title":"Planar Waveguide NMR Gradients (B0 and B1) for spatiotemporal Investigations of Anticancer Drug Concentration in 3D Cancer Cell Cultures","authors":"A. Telfah, Nour Sharar, Hanan Jafar, R. Hergenröder","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1487","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the progression in cancer therapeutic approaches, cancer is still the leading cause of death worldwide with a steadily increasing incidence rate. In Jordan, CRC is the most common type of cancer among men and the second most common among women, while being one of the most accruing cancers in Germany. \u0000The difficulties in cancer treatments arise from the poor correlation between in vivo and in in vitro anti-cancer drug testing results and cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy, which are attributed to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, and the interaction of cancer cells with non-cancerous cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition to, the several mechanisms, that governs DNA damages repair, epigenetics, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). \u0000Cell culture techniques have been developed to construct in vitro multicellular cancer spheroids (MTCS) that mimic cell-cells interaction and the cellular organization in the TME. They also illustrate the proliferation gradient of solid tumors, and the nutrition and gas supply to cancer cells at different depth in the spheroid. Therefore, they are considered an excellent in vitro cancer model to study the efficiency and to investigate the penetration depth of the anti-cancer materials. \u0000Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical method that gives comprehensive and rich chemical information, along with high speciation performance. It is one of the major noninvasive tools for metabolomics, therefore it has been utilized to study the metabolic profiling of freshly isolated- non-destructed tissues, and living in vitro cellular models. \u0000A micro-imaging technique for real-time NMR investigations is developed to study the penetration depth, rate, and effective diffusion coefficients of anti-cancer materials through cancer spheroids. This technique is based on our patented invention of planar waveguide micro slot NMR detector with on board thermal regulator integrated and a microfluidic device. Based on this innovative development, we are able to perform real-time magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) on a living synthetic tissue constructed in micrometer scale to monitor drug penetration and diffusion, while providing spectroscopic information about the production and degradation of metabolites in picomoles concentrations.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1527
Alaa Abudayah
Docetaxel (Taxotere®) is a taxoid antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of various cancers. Docetaxel belongs to class IV drugs in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), and their clinical use is limited due to their extreme hydrophobicity, low water solubility, low bioavailability, and high toxicity. This study aims to prepare nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery of Docetaxel with enhanced solubility and dissolution targeting pulmonary tissues. Accordingly, PLGA-Docetaxel nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation method and coated with Carboxymethyl chitosan to investigate its effectiveness as inhaled anticancer therapy. Four formulations had been prepared to reach the highest loading capacity (LC%) and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and to study the effect of the amount of Carboxymethyl chitosan on the drug release. The sizes, charges, homogeneity, surface morphology, LC% and EE% of the NPs were determined. The NPs were characterized using FTIR and XRD. In vitro release profiles of Docetaxel from PLGA NPs, at pH 5.5, 6.5, and 7.4 were determined. The sizes of the four formulations ranged between 227.7± 9.5 and 306.4 ± 27.4. All prepared formulations showed acceptable monodispersity with positive charges. The EE% was above 99% and the LC% ranged between 31-63%. The in vitro release of Docetaxel show an inverse relation to the amounts of Carboxymethyl chitosan used and the pH of the dissolution medium. In conclusion, coating PLGA NPs with Carboxymethyl chitosan may be used as a good carrier for pulmonary delivery of Docetaxel
{"title":"Implication of Nanotechnology for Pulmonary Delivery of Docetaxel","authors":"Alaa Abudayah","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1527","url":null,"abstract":"Docetaxel (Taxotere®) is a taxoid antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of various cancers. Docetaxel belongs to class IV drugs in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), and their clinical use is limited due to their extreme hydrophobicity, low water solubility, low bioavailability, and high toxicity. This study aims to prepare nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery of Docetaxel with enhanced solubility and dissolution targeting pulmonary tissues. Accordingly, PLGA-Docetaxel nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation method and coated with Carboxymethyl chitosan to investigate its effectiveness as inhaled anticancer therapy. Four formulations had been prepared to reach the highest loading capacity (LC%) and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and to study the effect of the amount of Carboxymethyl chitosan on the drug release. The sizes, charges, homogeneity, surface morphology, LC% and EE% of the NPs were determined. The NPs were characterized using FTIR and XRD. In vitro release profiles of Docetaxel from PLGA NPs, at pH 5.5, 6.5, and 7.4 were determined. The sizes of the four formulations ranged between 227.7± 9.5 and 306.4 ± 27.4. All prepared formulations showed acceptable monodispersity with positive charges. The EE% was above 99% and the LC% ranged between 31-63%. The in vitro release of Docetaxel show an inverse relation to the amounts of Carboxymethyl chitosan used and the pH of the dissolution medium. In conclusion, coating PLGA NPs with Carboxymethyl chitosan may be used as a good carrier for pulmonary delivery of Docetaxel","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42818284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1499
F. Al-Rimawi, Mohammad A. Atieh
Guava leaves extract has several medicinal activities as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Several studies have been proposed to use guava leaves extract in several preparations. However, applying guava leaves extract as a preservative in a pharmaceutical product has not been studied previously. In the present work, Guava leaves extract was used as natural preservative instead of chemical ones (methyl and propyl paraben). Guava leaves were extracted with ethanol 95% as extraction solvent with a percentage yield of 20%. This extract was tested by HPLC; several phenolic compounds were detected. To determine the ability to use this extract as a preservative, antimicrobial effectiveness test (preservative efficacy test) was conducted for extracted powder in purified water at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 % w/w), against three bacteria, one gram-positive (S. aureus), two gram-negative (P. aeruginosa, E. coli) and two fungi: one yeast (Candida albicans) and one mold (Aspergillus (Niger) brasiliensis). Results showed that 2% was effective and passed the test of preservative effectiveness test; this concentration was used in semi-solid pharmaceutical products. For this purpose, six different preparations (Ketoconazole shampoo, Clotrimazole Cream, Permethrin Cream, Gentamycin Cream, Ibuprofen gel, Indomethacin emulgel) were used. Chemical preservative was replaced by natural one (guava leaves extract powder) to serve as a preservative. Three out of the six preparations (Ketoconazole shampoo, Clotrimazole Cream, Ibuprofen gel,) passed preservative efficacy test. These preparations were fully checked-up by chemical (drug content,) physical (odor, physical appearance) and biological test (total count test) for three months at accelerated conditions. These results confirmed that these pharmaceutical preparations were stable and effective. As a conclusion Guava leaves extract can be used at 2% as natural preservative instead of chemical ones which have adverse side effects on human health.
{"title":"Preparation of Semi-Solid Dosage Forms Containing Psidium Guava Leaves Extract as Antimicrobial Preservative","authors":"F. Al-Rimawi, Mohammad A. Atieh","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1499","url":null,"abstract":"Guava leaves extract has several medicinal activities as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Several studies have been proposed to use guava leaves extract in several preparations. However, applying guava leaves extract as a preservative in a pharmaceutical product has not been studied previously. In the present work, Guava leaves extract was used as natural preservative instead of chemical ones (methyl and propyl paraben). Guava leaves were extracted with ethanol 95% as extraction solvent with a percentage yield of 20%. This extract was tested by HPLC; several phenolic compounds were detected. To determine the ability to use this extract as a preservative, antimicrobial effectiveness test (preservative efficacy test) was conducted for extracted powder in purified water at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 % w/w), against three bacteria, one gram-positive (S. aureus), two gram-negative (P. aeruginosa, E. coli) and two fungi: one yeast (Candida albicans) and one mold (Aspergillus (Niger) brasiliensis). Results showed that 2% was effective and passed the test of preservative effectiveness test; this concentration was used in semi-solid pharmaceutical products. For this purpose, six different preparations (Ketoconazole shampoo, Clotrimazole Cream, Permethrin Cream, Gentamycin Cream, Ibuprofen gel, Indomethacin emulgel) were used. Chemical preservative was replaced by natural one (guava leaves extract powder) to serve as a preservative. Three out of the six preparations (Ketoconazole shampoo, Clotrimazole Cream, Ibuprofen gel,) passed preservative efficacy test. These preparations were fully checked-up by chemical (drug content,) physical (odor, physical appearance) and biological test (total count test) for three months at accelerated conditions. These results confirmed that these pharmaceutical preparations were stable and effective. As a conclusion Guava leaves extract can be used at 2% as natural preservative instead of chemical ones which have adverse side effects on human health.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42877078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1519
Ahmed Bahti, A. Telfah, Nour Sharar, Hanan Jafar, R. Hergenröder
NMR spectroscopy is quantitative, highly reproducible, non-selective and non-destructive. However, NMR costs and complexity hinder a use as point-of-care and biochemical sensor instrumentation. Low field NMR (LF-NMR) is an inexpensive and low footprint technique to obtain physical, chemical, electronic and structural information on small molecules, but suffers from poor spectral dispersion, especially when applied to the analysis of mixtures. Subspectral editing employing optimal control pulses is a suitable approach to cope with the severe signal superpositions in complex mixture spectra at low field. We have calculated the optimal control pulse shapes at 0.5 T NMR frequency using the Krotov algorithm. Downsizing the complexity of the algorithm from exponential to polynomial is shown to be possible by using a system approach with each system corresponding to a (small) molecule. In this way compound selective excitation pulses can be calculated. The signals of substructures of the cyclopentenone molecule were excited using optimal control pulses calculated by the Krotov algorithm demonstrating the feasibility of subspectral editing. Likewise, for a mixture of benzoic acid and alanine, editing of the signals of either benzoic acid or alanine employing optimal control pulses was shown to be possible. The obtained results are promising and can be extended to the targeted analysis of complex mixtures such as biofluids or metabolic samples at low field strengths opening access for benchtop NMR to point of care settings. Moreover, the LF-NMR was improved to allow a unique detection and reliable quantification of metabolites in biofluids like blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or even tissue. In contrast to standard large scale NMR equipment the portable LF-NMR allows for an analysis of the chemical composition of biofluid samples directly at the patient (point-of-care). LF-NMR can be freely programmable for detecting and detecting and sensing sets of small molecules which deliver information on the health status of a person. Such an analytical tool would be useful for the prediction, diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of diseases, and for supervision of therapeutic interventions.
{"title":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Targeted Metabolomics and Biochemical Sensor","authors":"Ahmed Bahti, A. Telfah, Nour Sharar, Hanan Jafar, R. Hergenröder","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1519","url":null,"abstract":"NMR spectroscopy is quantitative, highly reproducible, non-selective and non-destructive. However, NMR costs and complexity hinder a use as point-of-care and biochemical sensor instrumentation. Low field NMR (LF-NMR) is an inexpensive and low footprint technique to obtain physical, chemical, electronic and structural information on small molecules, but suffers from poor spectral dispersion, especially when applied to the analysis of mixtures. Subspectral editing employing optimal control pulses is a suitable approach to cope with the severe signal superpositions in complex mixture spectra at low field. \u0000We have calculated the optimal control pulse shapes at 0.5 T NMR frequency using the Krotov algorithm. Downsizing the complexity of the algorithm from exponential to polynomial is shown to be possible by using a system approach with each system corresponding to a (small) molecule. In this way compound selective excitation pulses can be calculated. The signals of substructures of the cyclopentenone molecule were excited using optimal control pulses calculated by the Krotov algorithm demonstrating the feasibility of subspectral editing. Likewise, for a mixture of benzoic acid and alanine, editing of the signals of either benzoic acid or alanine employing optimal control pulses was shown to be possible. \u0000The obtained results are promising and can be extended to the targeted analysis of complex mixtures such as biofluids or metabolic samples at low field strengths opening access for benchtop NMR to point of care settings. Moreover, the LF-NMR was improved to allow a unique detection and reliable quantification of metabolites in biofluids like blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or even tissue. In contrast to standard large scale NMR equipment the portable LF-NMR allows for an analysis of the chemical composition of biofluid samples directly at the patient (point-of-care). \u0000LF-NMR can be freely programmable for detecting and detecting and sensing sets of small molecules which deliver information on the health status of a person. Such an analytical tool would be useful for the prediction, diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of diseases, and for supervision of therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44686927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1500
M. Alshieka, R. Jandali, Mohammad Isam Hasan Agha
Silybum marianum and Notobasis Syriaca belong to the most widespread thorny plants in the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and large areas of Asia. Both plants are derived from the Asteraceae family, while Flax seed (Linum usitatissmum L.) is belong to the family of Linaceae. The aim of this study was to compare the scavenging activity of free radicals, and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the fruit in vitro compared with flax seed. Methanol and ethanol extracts were prepared and the activity of scavenging free radicals was studied using DPPH, and the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in-vitro using soybean lipoxygenase, in comparison with quercetin and Lignin as standards. The fruit extract from Notobasis Syriaca has the highest capacity to scavenge free radical DPPH (IC50=22.1 μg/ml), and it has higher ability to inhibit soybean lipoxygenase in-vitro (IC50= 2.7 μg/ml) than fruit extract from Silybum marianum (IC50= 9.8 μg/ml). This study showed that Silybum marianum and Notobasis Syriaca have a high ability to scavenge free radicals; and that both plants possess anti-inflammatory properties, while the scavenging potential of free radicals expressed in terms of IC50 (μg/ml) of flax seed showed extraction with a mixture of equal volumes of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate after direct acid hydrolysis exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (IC50=22.257±0.095 μg/ml). The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated according to the LOX enzyme inhibitory method. The IC50 value of a mixture of equal volumes of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate after direct acid hydrolysis extract of flaxseeds is 73.689±0.585 μg/ml. As final conclusion it was found that flax seed extract has the highest anti-inflammatory activity.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of in Vitro Lipoxygenase Inhibition and DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Silybum marianum and [Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass.] Fruits and Linum usitatisimum Seeds","authors":"M. Alshieka, R. Jandali, Mohammad Isam Hasan Agha","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1500","url":null,"abstract":"Silybum marianum and Notobasis Syriaca belong to the most widespread thorny plants in the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and large areas of Asia. Both plants are derived from the Asteraceae family, while Flax seed (Linum usitatissmum L.) is belong to the family of Linaceae. \u0000The aim of this study was to compare the scavenging activity of free radicals, and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the fruit in vitro compared with flax seed. Methanol and ethanol extracts were prepared and the activity of scavenging free radicals was studied using DPPH, and the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in-vitro using soybean lipoxygenase, in comparison with quercetin and Lignin as standards. \u0000The fruit extract from Notobasis Syriaca has the highest capacity to scavenge free radical DPPH (IC50=22.1 μg/ml), and it has higher ability to inhibit soybean lipoxygenase in-vitro (IC50= 2.7 μg/ml) than fruit extract from Silybum marianum (IC50= 9.8 μg/ml). This study showed that Silybum marianum and Notobasis Syriaca have a high ability to scavenge free radicals; and that both plants possess anti-inflammatory properties, while the scavenging potential of free radicals expressed in terms of IC50 (μg/ml) of flax seed showed extraction with a mixture of equal volumes of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate after direct acid hydrolysis exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (IC50=22.257±0.095 μg/ml). The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated according to the LOX enzyme inhibitory method. The IC50 value of a mixture of equal volumes of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate after direct acid hydrolysis extract of flaxseeds is 73.689±0.585 μg/ml. \u0000As final conclusion it was found that flax seed extract has the highest anti-inflammatory activity.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41560564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1541
Sondos Abdaljaleel, M. Abdeljalil, O. Awwad, Ghazi Al Edwan, M. Amaireh, Manar Hamdan, A. Khattab, Tasneem Al-Hourani
Introduction: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP), when used appropriately based on evidence-based guidelines, reduces the rate of infectious complications following endourological procedures without compromising patient outcomes. Aims: to audit the appropriateness of the current SAP used in endourological surgeries based on international guidelines and report their associated outcomes (urinary tract infection (UTI) and bloodstream infection (BSI)). Methodology: The adherence to international guidelines recommendations; AUA 2019 and EAU 2020, regarding indication, duration, choice, and dose of the antibiotics used in endourological procedures were assessed in two medical centers in Amman/Jordan. Also, patients were asked to conduct laboratory urine test to determine the rate of infectious complications within one-month post-procedure. Results: Three hundred sixty-one patients were recruited for the study. The adherence rate to guidelines regarding indication, choice, and dose of pre-operative antibiotics was 90.3%, 2.8%, and 77.8% respectively. The duration was concordant with guidelines in only 3.4% of participants. A total of 41.8% of patients completed follow-up. Among those, 4.6% developed bacterial UTIs, and 0.7% developed BSI. Conclusion: Adherence to SAP guidelines in endourological procedures is far from optimal, especially by an inappropriate selection of broad-spectrum antibiotics as the agent of choice and prolonged use of antibiotics after the procedure in the absence of any documented infectious complication.
{"title":"Compliance with Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Guidelines in Endourological Procedures: Frequency and Related Outcomes","authors":"Sondos Abdaljaleel, M. Abdeljalil, O. Awwad, Ghazi Al Edwan, M. Amaireh, Manar Hamdan, A. Khattab, Tasneem Al-Hourani","doi":"10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i2.1541","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP), when used appropriately based on evidence-based guidelines, reduces the rate of infectious complications following endourological procedures without compromising patient outcomes. \u0000Aims: to audit the appropriateness of the current SAP used in endourological surgeries based on international guidelines and report their associated outcomes (urinary tract infection (UTI) and bloodstream infection (BSI)). \u0000Methodology: The adherence to international guidelines recommendations; AUA 2019 and EAU 2020, regarding indication, duration, choice, and dose of the antibiotics used in endourological procedures were assessed in two medical centers in Amman/Jordan. Also, patients were asked to conduct laboratory urine test to determine the rate of infectious complications within one-month post-procedure. \u0000Results: Three hundred sixty-one patients were recruited for the study. The adherence rate to guidelines regarding indication, choice, and dose of pre-operative antibiotics was 90.3%, 2.8%, and 77.8% respectively. The duration was concordant with guidelines in only 3.4% of participants. A total of 41.8% of patients completed follow-up. Among those, 4.6% developed bacterial UTIs, and 0.7% developed BSI. \u0000Conclusion: Adherence to SAP guidelines in endourological procedures is far from optimal, especially by an inappropriate selection of broad-spectrum antibiotics as the agent of choice and prolonged use of antibiotics after the procedure in the absence of any documented infectious complication.","PeriodicalId":14719,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43749597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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