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Effects of SIPA1L1 on trabecular meshwork extracellular matrix protein accumulation and cellular phagocytosis in POAG. SIPA1L1 对 POAG 小梁网细胞外基质蛋白积累和细胞吞噬功能的影响。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174836
Chenyu Xu, Jiahong Wei, Dan Song, Siyu Zhao, Mingmin Hou, Yuchen Fan, Li Guo, Hao Sun, Tao Guo

Accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in trabecular meshwork (TM), which leads to increased outflow resistance of aqueous humor and consequently high intraocular pressure, is a major cause of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). According to our preliminary research, the RapGAP protein superfamily member, signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like 1 protein (SIPA1L1), which is involved in tissue fibrosis, may have an impact on POAG by influencing ECM metabolism of TM. This study aims to confirm these findings and identify effects and cellular mechanisms of SIPA1L1 on ECM changes and phagocytosis in human TM (HTM) cells. Our results showed that the expression of SIPA1L1 in HTM cells was significantly increased by TGF-β2 treatment in label-free quantitative proteomics. The aqueous humor and TM cell concentration of SIPA1L1 in POAG patients was higher than that of control. In HTM cells, TGF-β2 increased expression of SIPA1L1 along with accumulation of ECM, RhoA, and p-cofilin 1. The effects of TGF-β2 were reduced by si-SIPA1L1. TGF-β2 decreased HTM cell phagocytosis by polymerizing cytoskeletal actin filaments, while si-SIPA1L1 increased phagocytosis by disassembling actin filaments. Simultaneously, overexpressing SIPA1L1 alone exhibited comparable effects to that of TGF-β2. Our studies demonstrate that SIPA1L1 not only promotes the production of ECM, but also inhibits its removal by reducing phagocytosis. Targeting SIPA1L1 degradation may become a significant therapy for POAG.

细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白在小梁网(TM)中积聚,导致房水外流阻力增加,从而导致高眼压,这是原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)的主要原因。根据我们的初步研究,参与组织纤维化的 RapGAP 蛋白超家族成员信号诱导增殖相关 1 样 1 蛋白(SIPA1L1)可能会通过影响 TM 的 ECM 代谢对 POAG 产生影响。本研究旨在证实这些发现,并确定 SIPA1L1 对人 TM(HTM)细胞中 ECM 变化和吞噬作用的影响及细胞机制。无标签定量蛋白质组学研究结果表明,TGFβ2处理可显著增加SIPA1L1在HTM细胞中的表达。POAG患者的房水和TM细胞中SIPA1L1的浓度高于对照组。在 HTM 细胞中,TGFβ2 增加了 SIPA1L1 的表达以及 ECM、RhoA 和 p-Cofilin1 的积累。si-SIPA1L1 可减少 TGFβ2 的影响。TGFβ2 通过聚合细胞骨架肌动蛋白丝来减少 HTM 细胞的吞噬作用,而 si-SIPA1L1 则通过分解肌动蛋白丝来增加吞噬作用。同时,单独过表达 SIPA1L1 与 TGFβ2 的效果相当。我们的研究表明,SIPA1L1 不仅能促进 ECM 的生成,还能通过减少吞噬作用抑制 ECM 的清除。以 SIPA1L1 降解为靶点可能成为治疗 POAG 的重要方法。
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引用次数: 0
Loss of PADI2 and PADI4 ameliorates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing NLRP3+ macrophages. 通过抑制 NLRP3+ 巨噬细胞,缺失 PADI2 和 PADI4 可改善败血症诱发的急性肺损伤。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.181686
Xin Yu, Yujing Song, Tao Dong, Wenlu Ouyang, Liujiazi Shao, Chao Quan, Kyung Eun Lee, Tao Tan, Allan Tsung, Katsuo Kurabayashi, Hasan B Alam, Mao Zhang, Jianjie Ma, Yongqing Li

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is prevalent in patients with sepsis and has a high mortality rate. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) and PADI4 play crucial roles in mediating the host's immune response in sepsis, but their specific functions remain unclear. Our study shows that Padi2-/- Padi4-/- double KO (DKO) improved survival, reduced lung injury, and decreased bacterial load in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia-induced sepsis mice. Using single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), we found that the deletion of Padi2 and Padi4 reduced the Nlrp3+ proinflammatory macrophages and fostered Chil3+ myeloid cell differentiation into antiinflammatory macrophages. Additionally, we observed the regulatory role of the NLRP3/Ym1 axis upon DKO, confirmed by Chil3 knockdown and Nlrp3-KO experiments. Thus, eliminating Padi2 and Padi4 enhanced the polarization of Ym1+ M2 macrophages by suppressing NLRP3, aiding in inflammation resolution and lung tissue repair. This study unveils the PADIs/NLRP3/Ym1 pathway as a potential target in treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.

脓毒症引起的急性肺损伤(ALI)在脓毒症患者中很常见,而且死亡率很高。肽基精氨酸脱氨酶(PADI)2和PADI4在脓毒症中介导宿主免疫反应方面起着至关重要的作用,但它们的具体功能仍不清楚。我们的研究表明,Padi2-/-Padi4-/-双基因敲除(DKO)提高了铜绿假单胞菌(PA)肺炎诱导的脓毒症小鼠的存活率,减少了肺损伤,降低了细菌负荷。通过单细胞 RNA 测序(scRNA-seq),我们发现 Padi2 和 Padi4 的缺失会减少 Nlrp3+ 促炎巨噬细胞,并促进 Chil3+ 髓系细胞分化为抗炎巨噬细胞。此外,我们通过 Chil3 敲除和 Nlrp3 KO 实验证实了 DKO 对 NLRP3-Ym1 轴的调控作用。因此,消除 Padi2 和 Padi4 可通过抑制 NLRP3 增强 Ym1+ M2 巨噬细胞的极化,从而帮助炎症消退和肺组织修复。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular basis of cell membrane adaptation in daptomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. 耐达托霉素粪肠球菌细胞膜适应性的分子基础。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173836
April H Nguyen, Truc T Tran, Diana Panesso, Kara S Hood, Vinathi Polamraju, Rutan Zhang, Ayesha Khan, William R Miller, Eugenia Mileykovskaya, Yousif Shamoo, Libin Xu, Heidi Vitrac, Cesar A Arias

Daptomycin is a last-resort lipopeptide antibiotic that disrupts cell membrane (CM) and peptidoglycan homeostasis. Enterococcus faecalis has developed a sophisticated mechanism to avoid daptomycin killing by redistributing CM anionic phospholipids away from the septum. The CM changes are orchestrated by a 3-component regulatory system, designated LiaFSR, with a possible contribution of cardiolipin synthase (Cls). However, the mechanism by which LiaFSR controls the CM response and the role of Cls are unknown. Here, we show that cardiolipin synthase activity is essential for anionic phospholipid redistribution and daptomycin resistance since deletion of the 2 genes (cls1 and cls2) encoding Cls abolished CM remodeling. We identified LiaY, a transmembrane protein regulated by LiaFSR, and Cls1 as important mediators of CM remodeling required for redistribution of anionic phospholipid microdomains. Together, our insights provide a mechanistic framework on the enterococcal response to cell envelope antibiotics that could be exploited therapeutically.

达托霉素是一种最后的脂肽抗生素,会破坏细胞膜(CM)和肽聚糖的平衡。粪肠球菌已经开发出一种复杂的机制,通过重新分配细胞膜阴离子磷脂,使其远离隔膜,从而避免被达托霉素杀死。CM 的变化由一个名为 LiaFSR 的三组份调控系统协调,心磷脂合成酶(Cls)也可能参与其中。然而,LiaFSR 控制 CM 响应的机制以及 Cls 的作用尚不清楚。在这里,我们发现心磷脂合成酶的活性对阴离子磷脂的重新分布和达托霉素的抗性至关重要,因为缺失编码 Cls 的两个基因(cls1 和 cls2)会导致 CM 重塑。我们发现受 LiaFSR 调节的跨膜蛋白 LiaY 和 Cls1 是阴离子磷脂微域重新分布所需的 CM 重塑的重要介质。总之,我们的见解为肠球菌对细胞包膜抗生素的反应提供了一个可用于治疗的机理框架。
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引用次数: 0
CRISPR/CasRx suppresses KRAS-induced brain arteriovenous malformation developed in postnatal brain endothelial cells in mice. CRISPR/CasRx 可抑制小鼠出生后脑内皮细胞发育的 KRAS 诱导的脑动静脉畸形。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179729
Shoji Saito, Yuka Nakamura, Satoshi Miyashita, Tokiharu Sato, Kana Hoshina, Masayasu Okada, Hitoshi Hasegawa, Makoto Oishi, Yukihiko Fujii, Jakob Körbelin, Yoshiaki Kubota, Kazuki Tainaka, Manabu Natsumeda, Masaki Ueno

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are anomalies forming vascular tangles connecting the arteries and veins, which cause hemorrhagic stroke in young adults. Current surgical approaches are highly invasive, and alternative therapeutic methods are warranted. Recent genetic studies identified KRAS mutations in endothelial cells of bAVMs; however, the underlying process leading to malformation in the postnatal stage remains unknown. Here we established a mouse model of bAVM developing during the early postnatal stage. Among 4 methods tested, mutant KRAS specifically introduced in brain endothelial cells by brain endothelial cell-directed adeno-associated virus (AAV) and endothelial cell-specific Cdh5-CreERT2 mice successfully induced bAVMs in the postnatal period. Mutant KRAS led to the development of multiple vascular tangles and hemorrhage in the brain with increased MAPK/ERK signaling and growth in endothelial cells. Three-dimensional analyses in cleared tissue revealed dilated vascular networks connecting arteries and veins, similar to human bAVMs. Single-cell RNA-Seq revealed dysregulated gene expressions in endothelial cells and multiple cell types involved in the pathological process. Finally, we employed CRISPR/CasRx to knock down mutant KRAS expression, which efficiently suppressed bAVM development. The present model reveals pathological processes that lead to postnatal bAVMs and demonstrates the efficacy of therapeutic strategies with CRISPR/CasRx.

脑动静脉畸形(bAVMs)是一种连接动脉和静脉的异常血管缠结,可导致青壮年出血性中风。目前的手术方法创伤大,需要采用其他治疗方法。最近的遗传学研究在双腔静脉瘤的内皮细胞中发现了 KRAS 突变;然而,导致出生后畸形的潜在过程仍然未知。在这里,我们建立了一个在出生后早期阶段发育的脑动静脉畸形小鼠模型。在测试的四种方法中,通过脑内皮细胞引导的腺相关病毒(AAV)和内皮细胞特异性 Cdh5-CreERT2 小鼠在脑内皮细胞中特异性导入突变 KRAS,成功诱导了出生后阶段的 bAVM。突变的KRAS导致脑内多发性血管缠结和出血,内皮细胞的MAPK/ERK信号传导和生长增加。对清除组织进行的三维分析表明,连接动脉和静脉的血管网络扩张,与人类bAVM相似。单细胞 RNA-Seq 发现了内皮细胞和参与病理过程的多种细胞类型的基因表达失调。最后,我们采用CRISPR/CasRx技术敲除突变型KRAS的表达,从而有效抑制了bAVM的发展。本模型揭示了导致出生后bAVM的病理过程,并证明了CRISPR/CasRx治疗策略的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Disruption of mitochondrial electron transport impairs urinary concentration via AMPK-dependent suppression of aquaporin 2. 线粒体电子传递的中断会通过 AMPK 依赖性抑制 aquaporin-2 来损害尿液浓度。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.182087
Joshua S Carty, Ryoichi Bessho, Yvonne Zuchowski, Jonathan B Trapani, Olena Davidoff, Hanako Kobayashi, Joseph T Roland, Jason A Watts, Andrew S Terker, Fabian Bock, Juan Pablo Arroyo, Volker H Haase

Urinary concentration is an energy-dependent process that minimizes body water loss by increasing aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression in collecting duct (CD) principal cells. To investigate the role of mitochondrial (mt) ATP production in renal water clearance, we disrupted mt electron transport in CD cells by targeting ubiquinone (Q) binding protein QPC (UQCRQ), a subunit of mt complex III essential for oxidative phosphorylation. QPC-deficient mice produced less concentrated urine than controls, both at baseline and after type 2 vasopressin receptor stimulation with desmopressin. Impaired urinary concentration in QPC-deficient mice was associated with reduced total AQP2 protein levels in CD tubules, while AQP2 phosphorylation and membrane trafficking remained unaffected. In cultured inner medullary CD cells treated with mt complex III inhibitor antimycin A, the reduction in AQP2 abundance was associated with activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and was reversed by treatment with AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965. In summary, our studies demonstrated that the physiological regulation of AQP2 abundance in principal CD cells was dependent on mt electron transport. Furthermore, our data suggested that oxidative phosphorylation in CD cells was dispensable for maintaining water homeostasis under baseline conditions, but necessary for maximal stimulation of AQP2 expression and urinary concentration.

尿液浓缩是一个依赖能量的过程,它通过增加集合管(CD)主细胞中的水蒸发素-2(AQP2)的表达来最大限度地减少体内水分的流失。为了研究线粒体(mt)产生 ATP 在肾脏水清除中的作用,我们通过靶向泛醌(Q)结合蛋白 QPC(UQCRQ)破坏了 CD 细胞中的线粒体电子传递,QPC 是线粒体复合体 III 的一个亚基,对氧化磷酸化至关重要。与对照组相比,QPC缺陷小鼠在基线和去氨加压素刺激2型血管加压素受体后产生的尿液浓度都较低。QPC 缺陷小鼠尿液浓缩功能受损与 CD 小管中 AQP2 蛋白总含量降低有关,而 AQP2 磷酸化和膜转运仍未受到影响。在用mt复合体III抑制剂抗霉素A处理的CD内髓细胞中,AQP2丰度的降低与5'单磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)的激活有关,AMPK抑制剂SBI-0206965可逆转AQP2丰度的降低。总之,我们的研究表明,CD主细胞中AQP2丰度的生理调节依赖于mt电子传递。此外,我们的数据还表明,在基线条件下,CD细胞中的氧化磷酸化对于维持水稳态是不可或缺的,但对于最大程度地刺激AQP2的表达和尿液浓度则是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic transition of Tregs to cytotoxic phenotype amid systemic inflammation in Graves' ophthalmopathy. 巴塞杜氏眼病患者在全身炎症中调节性 T 细胞向细胞毒性表型的动态转变
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.181488
Zhong Liu, Shu-Rui Ke, Zhuo-Xing Shi, Ming Zhou, Li Sun, Qi-Hang Sun, Bing Xiao, Dong-Liang Wang, Yan-Jin Huang, Jin-Shan Lin, Hui-Shi Wang, Qi-Kai Zhang, Cai-Neng Pan, Xuan-Wei Liang, Rong-Xin Chen, Zhen Mao, Xian-Chai Lin

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition that can progress to Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), leading to irreversible damage to orbital tissues and potential blindness. The pathogenic mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we conducted single-cell multi-omics analyses on healthy individuals, patients with GD without GO, newly diagnosed patients with GO, and treated patients with GO. Our findings revealed gradual systemic inflammation during GO progression, marked by overactivation of cytotoxic effector T cell subsets, and expansion of specific T cell receptor clones. Importantly, we observed a decline in the immunosuppressive function of activated Treg (aTreg) accompanied by a cytotoxic phenotypic transition. In vitro experiments revealed that dysfunction and transition of GO-autoreactive Treg were regulated by the yin yang 1 (YY1) upon secondary stimulation of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments of the GO mouse model confirmed infiltration of these cytotoxic Treg into the orbital lesion tissues. Notably, these cells were found to upregulate inflammation and promote pathogenic fibrosis of orbital fibroblasts (OFs). Our results reveal the dynamic changes in immune landscape during GO progression and provide direct insights into the instability and phenotypic transition of Treg, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention and prevention of autoimmune diseases.

巴塞杜氏病(GD)是一种自身免疫性疾病,可发展为巴塞杜氏眼病(GO),导致眼眶组织不可逆转的损伤和潜在的失明。其致病机制尚不完全清楚。在这项研究中,我们对健康人、未患巴塞杜氏眼病的广东患者、新诊断的巴塞杜氏眼病患者和接受治疗的巴塞杜氏眼病患者进行了单细胞多组学分析。我们的研究结果表明,在 GO 进展过程中,全身炎症逐渐加重,细胞毒性效应 T 细胞亚群过度活化,特异性 T 细胞受体克隆扩大。重要的是,我们观察到活化调节性T细胞(aTreg)的免疫抑制功能下降,并伴有细胞毒性表型转变。体外实验显示,在炎症条件下,当促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)二次刺激时,GO-自反应Treg的功能障碍和转变受阴阳1(YY1)的调控。此外,GO小鼠模型的收养转移实验证实了这些细胞毒性Treg渗入眼眶病变组织。值得注意的是,这些细胞会上调炎症反应,并促进眼眶成纤维细胞(OFs)的致病性纤维化。我们的研究结果揭示了GO进展过程中免疫格局的动态变化,并对Treg的不稳定性和表型转变提供了新的见解,为治疗干预和预防自身免疫性疾病提供了潜在靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of LRP1+CD13+ human periosteal stem cells that require LRP1 for bone repair. 鉴定需要 LRP1 进行骨修复的 LRP1+CD13+ 人骨膜干细胞。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173831
Youngjae Jeong, Lorenzo Deveza, Laura Ortinau, Kevin Lei, John R Dawson, Dongsu Park

Human periosteal skeletal stem cells (P-SSCs) are critical for cortical bone maintenance and repair. However, their in vivo identity, molecular characteristics, and specific markers remain unknown. Here, single-cell sequencing revealed human periosteum contains SSC clusters expressing known SSC markers, podoplanin (PDPN) and PDGFRA. Notably, human P-SSCs, but not bone marrow SSCs, selectively expressed identified markers low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and CD13. These LRP1+CD13+ human P-SSCs were perivascular cells with high osteochondrogenic but minimal adipogenic potential. Upon transplantation into bone injuries in mice, they preserved self-renewal capability in vivo. Single-cell analysis of mouse periosteum further supported the preferential expression of LRP1 and CD13 in Prx1+ P-SSCs. When Lrp1 was conditionally deleted in Prx1 lineage cells, it led to severe bone deformity, short stature, and periosteal defects. By contrast, local treatment with an LRP1 agonist at the injury sites induced early P-SSC proliferation and bone healing. Thus, human and mouse periosteum contains unique osteochondrogenic stem cell subsets, and these P-SSCs express specific markers, LRP1 and CD13, with a regulatory mechanism through LRP1 that enhances P-SSC function and bone repair.

人类骨膜骨骼干细胞(P-SSCs)对皮质骨的维护和修复至关重要。然而,它们在体内的身份、分子特征和特异性标记仍然未知。在这里,单细胞测序发现人类骨膜含有表达已知SSC标记物PDPN和PDGFRA的SSC集群。值得注意的是,人类P-SSCs(而非骨髓SSCs(BM-SSCs))选择性地表达了新发现的标记物LRP1和CD13。这些 LRP1+CD13+ 人 P-SSCs 是血管周围细胞,具有很高的骨软骨生成潜能,但脂肪生成潜能极低。移植到小鼠骨损伤处后,它们在体内保持了自我更新能力。对小鼠骨膜的单细胞分析进一步证实了 LRP1 和 CD13 在 Prx1+ P-SSCs 中的优先表达。当Lrp1在Prx1系细胞中被有条件地删除时,会导致严重的骨畸形、短雕像和骨膜缺损。相比之下,在损伤部位使用 LRP1 激动剂进行局部治疗可诱导 P-SSC 早期增殖和骨愈合。因此,人类和小鼠的骨膜含有独特的骨软骨干细胞亚群,这些P-SSCs表达特异性标志物LRP1和CD13,通过LRP1的调节机制增强P-SSC的功能和骨修复。
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引用次数: 0
Increased expression of cathepsin C in airway epithelia exacerbates airway remodeling in asthma. 气道上皮中 Cathepsin C 的表达增加会加剧哮喘的气道重塑。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.181219
Lin Yuan, Qingwu Qin, Ye Yao, Long Chen, Huijun Liu, Xizi Du, Ming Ji, Xinyu Wu, Weijie Wang, Qiuyan Qin, Yang Xiang, Bei Qing, Xiangping Qu, Ming Yang, Xiaoqun Qin, Zhenkun Xia, Chi Liu

Airway remodeling is a critical factor determining the pathogenesis and treatment sensitivity of severe asthma (SA) or uncontrolled asthma (UA). The activation of epithelial-mesenchymal trophic units (EMTUs) regulated by airway epithelial cells (AECs) has been proven to induce airway remodeling directly. However, the triggers for EMTU activation and the underlying mechanism of airway remodeling are not fully elucidated. Here, we screened the differentially expressed gene cathepsin C (CTSC; also known as dipeptidyl peptidase 1 [DPP-1]) in epithelia of patients with SA and UA using RNA-sequencing data and further verified the increased expression of CTSC in induced sputum of patients with asthma, which was positively correlated with severity and airway remodeling. Moreover, direct instillation of exogenous CTSC induced airway remodeling. Genetic inhibition of CTSC suppressed EMTU activation and airway remodeling in two asthma models with airway remodeling. Mechanistically, increased secretion of CTSC from AECs induced EMTU activation through the p38-mediated pathway, further inducing airway remodeling. Meanwhile, inhibition of CTSC also reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory factors in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Consequently, targeting CTSC with compound AZD7986 protected against airway inflammation, EMTU activation, and remodeling in the asthma model. Based on the dual effects of CTSC on airway inflammation and remodeling, CTSC is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for SA or UA.

气道重塑是决定重症哮喘(SA)或失控性哮喘(UA)发病机制和治疗敏感性的关键因素。由气道上皮细胞(AECs)调控的上皮-间质营养单位(EMTUs)的激活已被证实能直接诱导气道重塑。然而,EMTU 激活的诱因和气道重塑的内在机制尚未完全阐明。在此,我们利用 RNA 测序数据筛选了 SA 和 UA 患者上皮细胞中不同表达基因 Cathepsin C (CTSC)/dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP-1),并进一步验证了 CTSC 在哮喘患者诱导痰中的表达增加,且与严重程度和气道重塑呈正相关。此外,直接灌注外源性 CTSC 可诱导气道重塑。在两种气道重塑的哮喘模型中,基因抑制 CTSC 可抑制 EMTU 的激活和气道重塑。从机理上讲,AECs分泌的CTSC增加会通过p38介导的途径诱导EMTU活化,从而进一步诱导气道重塑。同时,抑制 CTSC 还能减少哮喘小鼠肺部炎症细胞的浸润和炎症因子的产生。因此,用化合物 AZD7986 靶向 CTSC 能保护哮喘模型免受气道炎症、EMTU 激活和重塑的影响。基于 CTSC 对气道炎症和重塑的双重作用,CTSC 是 SA 或 UA 的潜在生物标记物和治疗靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Human metabolic chambers reveal a coordinated metabolic-physiologic response to nutrition. 人体代谢室揭示了代谢生理对营养的协调反应。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.184279
Andrew S Perry, Paolo Piaggi, Shi Huang, Matthew Nayor, Jane Freedman, Kari E North, Jennifer E Below, Clary B Clish, Venkatesh L Murthy, Jonathan Krakoff, Ravi V Shah

Human studies linking metabolism with organism-wide physiologic function have been challenged by confounding, adherence, and precisionHere, we united physiologic and molecular phenotypes of metabolism during controlled dietary intervention to understand integrated metabolic-physiologic responses to nutrition. In an inpatient study of individuals who underwent serial 24-hour metabolic chamber experiments (indirect calorimetry) and metabolite profiling, we mapped a human metabolome onto substrate oxidation rates and energy expenditure across up to 7 dietary conditions (energy balance, fasting, multiple 200% caloric excess overfeeding of varying fat, protein, and carbohydrate composition). Diets exhibiting greater fat oxidation (e.g., fasting, high-fat) were associated with changes in metabolites within pathways of mitochondrial β-oxidation, ketogenesis, adipose tissue fatty acid liberation, and/or multiple anapleurotic substrates for tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, with inverse associations for diets with greater carbohydrate availability. Changes in each of these metabolite classes were strongly related to 24-hour respiratory quotient (RQ) and substrate oxidation rates (e.g., acylcarnitines related to lower 24-hour RQ and higher 24-hour lipid oxidation), underscoring links between substrate availability, physiology, and metabolism in humans. Physiologic responses to diet determined by gold-standard human metabolic chambers are strongly coordinated with biologically consistent, interconnected metabolic pathways encoded in the metabolome.

将新陈代谢与整个机体的生理功能联系起来的人体研究一直受到混杂因素、依从性和精确性的挑战。在此,我们将受控饮食干预期间新陈代谢的生理和分子表型结合起来,以了解新陈代谢-生理对营养的综合反应。在一项住院病人研究中,我们对接受了连续 24 小时代谢室实验(间接热量测定法)和代谢物分析的病人进行了研究,在多达 7 种饮食条件(能量平衡、禁食、不同脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物成分的多次 200% 热量过量摄入)下,我们将人体代谢组映射到了底物氧化率和能量消耗上。脂肪氧化作用较强的饮食(如禁食、高脂肪)与线粒体β氧化、酮生成、脂肪组织脂肪酸释放和/或三羧酸循环通量的多种无氨底物途径中代谢物的变化有关,而碳水化合物供应较多的饮食与之呈反向关系。这些代谢物中每一类的变化都与 24 小时呼吸商数(RQ)和底物氧化率密切相关(例如,酰基肉碱与较低的 24 小时呼吸商数和较高的 24 小时脂质氧化率有关),强调了人类底物可用性、生理学和新陈代谢之间的联系。黄金标准人体代谢室确定的饮食生理反应与代谢组中编码的生物一致性、相互关联的代谢途径密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
ClC-Kb pore mutation disrupts glycosylation and triggers distal tubular remodeling. ClC-Kb 孔突变会破坏糖基化并引发远端肾小管重塑。
IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175998
Yogita Sharma, Robin Lo, Viktor N Tomilin, Kotdaji Ha, Holly Deremo, Aishwarya V Pareek, Wuxing Dong, Xiaohui Liao, Svetlana Lebedeva, Vivek Charu, Neeraja Kambham, Kerim Mutig, Oleh Pochynyuk, Vivek Bhalla

Mutations in the CLCNKB gene (1p36), encoding the basolateral chloride channel ClC-Kb, cause type 3 Bartter syndrome. We identified a family with a mixed Bartter/Gitelman phenotype and early-onset kidney failure and by employing a candidate gene approach, identified what we believe is a novel homozygous mutation (CLCNKB c.499G>T [p.Gly167Cys]) in exon 6 of CLCNKB in the index patient. We then validated these results with Sanger and whole-exome sequencing. Compared with wild-type ClC-Kb, the Gly167Cys mutant conducted less current and exhibited impaired complex N-linked glycosylation in vitro. We demonstrated that loss of Gly-167, rather than gain of a mutant Cys, impairs complex glycosylation, but that surface expression remains intact. Moreover, Asn-364 was necessary for channel function and complex glycosylation. Morphologic evaluation of human kidney biopsies revealed typical basolateral localization of mutant Gly167Cys ClC-Kb in cortical distal tubular epithelia. However, we detected attenuated expression of distal sodium transport proteins, changes in abundance of distal tubule segments, and hypokalemia-associated intracellular condensates from the index patient compared with control nephrectomy specimens. The present data establish what we believe are novel regulatory mechanisms of ClC-Kb activity and demonstrate nephron remodeling in humans, caused by mutant ClC-Kb, with implications for renal electrolyte handling, blood pressure control, and kidney disease.

编码基底侧氯离子通道 ClC-Kb 的 CLCNKB 基因(1p36)突变会导致 3 型巴特氏综合征。我们发现了一个具有巴特综合征/吉特曼综合征混合表型和早发性肾衰竭的家族,并采用候选基因方法,在该患者的 CLCNKB 第 6 外显子中发现了一个同基因突变(CLCNKB c.499G>T [p.Gly167Cys])。随后,我们通过桑格测序和全外显子测序验证了这些结果。与野生型 ClC-Kb 相比,Gly167Cys 突变体在体外进行复杂的 N-连接糖基化的电流较小,且功能受损。我们证明,Gly-167 的缺失,而不是突变 Cys 的获得,会损害复合糖基化,但表面表达仍然完整。此外,Asn364 是通道功能和复合物糖基化所必需的。人体肾脏活检组织的形态学评估显示,突变型 Gly167Cys ClC-Kb 在皮质远端肾小管上皮中呈典型的基底侧定位。然而,与对照组肾切除标本相比,我们在该患者体内检测到远端钠转运蛋白的表达减弱、远端肾小管节段的丰度发生变化以及与低钾血症相关的细胞内凝集物。目前的数据建立了我们认为是新的 ClC-Kb 活性调控机制,并证明了突变体 ClC-Kb 对肾电解质处理、血压控制和肾脏疾病的影响。
{"title":"ClC-Kb pore mutation disrupts glycosylation and triggers distal tubular remodeling.","authors":"Yogita Sharma, Robin Lo, Viktor N Tomilin, Kotdaji Ha, Holly Deremo, Aishwarya V Pareek, Wuxing Dong, Xiaohui Liao, Svetlana Lebedeva, Vivek Charu, Neeraja Kambham, Kerim Mutig, Oleh Pochynyuk, Vivek Bhalla","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.175998","DOIUrl":"10.1172/jci.insight.175998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutations in the CLCNKB gene (1p36), encoding the basolateral chloride channel ClC-Kb, cause type 3 Bartter syndrome. We identified a family with a mixed Bartter/Gitelman phenotype and early-onset kidney failure and by employing a candidate gene approach, identified what we believe is a novel homozygous mutation (CLCNKB c.499G>T [p.Gly167Cys]) in exon 6 of CLCNKB in the index patient. We then validated these results with Sanger and whole-exome sequencing. Compared with wild-type ClC-Kb, the Gly167Cys mutant conducted less current and exhibited impaired complex N-linked glycosylation in vitro. We demonstrated that loss of Gly-167, rather than gain of a mutant Cys, impairs complex glycosylation, but that surface expression remains intact. Moreover, Asn-364 was necessary for channel function and complex glycosylation. Morphologic evaluation of human kidney biopsies revealed typical basolateral localization of mutant Gly167Cys ClC-Kb in cortical distal tubular epithelia. However, we detected attenuated expression of distal sodium transport proteins, changes in abundance of distal tubule segments, and hypokalemia-associated intracellular condensates from the index patient compared with control nephrectomy specimens. The present data establish what we believe are novel regulatory mechanisms of ClC-Kb activity and demonstrate nephron remodeling in humans, caused by mutant ClC-Kb, with implications for renal electrolyte handling, blood pressure control, and kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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