{"title":"Applications of HeLa Cells with High Catalase Activity in Toxicological Investigations (Proceedings of the 20th Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)","authors":"Y. Seko, T. Mio, H. Toyoda, A. Naganuma, N. Imura","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.41.P18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.41.P18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88938124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of lanthanum, terbium, and ytterbium on the in situ small intestinal absorption of D-glucose, D-fructose, and maltose in mice were studied. The absorption of D-glucose (11.1 mM), which is actively absorbed from the small intestine in situ, was significantly decreased in the presence of LaCl3 (La) and TbCl3 (Tb) at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 mM, and YbCl3 (Yb) at concentrations of 2 and 4 mM in the lumen. The absorption of D-fructose (2.75 mM), which is absorbed by facilitated diffusion, was significantly decreased by these metals at the concentration of 4 mM, The absorption of maltose (11.1 mM) was also significantly decreased by these metals at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 mM. The whole intestinal accumulation of La, Tb, and Yb in the perfusion experiment was great. The activities of Na+, K+-ATPase and maltase in the small intestinal mucosa were significantly decreased by these metals in the in situ perfusion experiment and the in vitro experiment. A scanning electron micrograph of the jejunum after the in situ perfusion experiment with each saccharide plus each metal showed mucosal damage. These results indicate that La, Tb, and Yb cause damage to intestinal mucosa and inhibit the activities of Na+, K+-ATPase and maltase in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in the inhibition of the intestinal absorption of D-glucose, D-fructose, and maltose.
{"title":"Effects of lanthanum, terbium and ytterbium on the absorption of saccharides in the small intestine of mice","authors":"H. Shimada, R. Kubota, T. Funakoshi, S. Kojima","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.41.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.41.35","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of lanthanum, terbium, and ytterbium on the in situ small intestinal absorption of D-glucose, D-fructose, and maltose in mice were studied. The absorption of D-glucose (11.1 mM), which is actively absorbed from the small intestine in situ, was significantly decreased in the presence of LaCl3 (La) and TbCl3 (Tb) at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 mM, and YbCl3 (Yb) at concentrations of 2 and 4 mM in the lumen. The absorption of D-fructose (2.75 mM), which is absorbed by facilitated diffusion, was significantly decreased by these metals at the concentration of 4 mM, The absorption of maltose (11.1 mM) was also significantly decreased by these metals at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 mM. The whole intestinal accumulation of La, Tb, and Yb in the perfusion experiment was great. The activities of Na+, K+-ATPase and maltase in the small intestinal mucosa were significantly decreased by these metals in the in situ perfusion experiment and the in vitro experiment. A scanning electron micrograph of the jejunum after the in situ perfusion experiment with each saccharide plus each metal showed mucosal damage. These results indicate that La, Tb, and Yb cause damage to intestinal mucosa and inhibit the activities of Na+, K+-ATPase and maltase in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in the inhibition of the intestinal absorption of D-glucose, D-fructose, and maltose.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"64 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84544548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Fujiwara, T. Kaji, C. Yamamoto, M. Sakamoto, H. Kozuka
{"title":"Effects of Zinc on the Proliferation of Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells and Vascular Smooth-Muscle Cells (Proceedings of the 21st Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)","authors":"Y. Fujiwara, T. Kaji, C. Yamamoto, M. Sakamoto, H. Kozuka","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.41.P50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.41.P50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75785087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The microorganisms play an important role in selfpurification of water and soil environment as decomposers in the ecosystem. Microbial technologies, such as a activated sludge or oxidation pond processes, have been extensively applied to the treatment of industrial and domestic sewages to break down organic wastes. Another type of treatment is based on their ability to remove specific substances such as phosphorus, nitrates and heavy metals. The environmental pollution by toxic metals, especially Pb, Hg, Cd, is a potential hazard to the health and welfare of mankind. Many people in Japan suffered from diseases caused by pollution of heavy metals, such as ache-ache disease and Minamata disease. We feel misgivings about the similar environmental pollution in the developing countries, for the rapidly growing industrial operations would release heavy metals and those metals even at very low concentrations would be concentrated biologically through natural food chains. Microalgae can concentrate metals and transform them into less hazardous forms, and the use of microalgal biomass would offer a potential alternative to conventional methods for detoxification and for recovery of toxic or valuable metals. This review summarizes an information on physiological relations between heavy metals and microorganisms, especially microalgae, and presents some applications of algal biotechnology that has been developed to use microalgal biomass for bioremediation of heavy metals.
{"title":"The Use of Photosynthetic Microorganisms in Bioremediation","authors":"H. Nagase, D. Inthorn, K. Miyamoto","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.479","url":null,"abstract":"The microorganisms play an important role in selfpurification of water and soil environment as decomposers in the ecosystem. Microbial technologies, such as a activated sludge or oxidation pond processes, have been extensively applied to the treatment of industrial and domestic sewages to break down organic wastes. Another type of treatment is based on their ability to remove specific substances such as phosphorus, nitrates and heavy metals. The environmental pollution by toxic metals, especially Pb, Hg, Cd, is a potential hazard to the health and welfare of mankind. Many people in Japan suffered from diseases caused by pollution of heavy metals, such as ache-ache disease and Minamata disease. We feel misgivings about the similar environmental pollution in the developing countries, for the rapidly growing industrial operations would release heavy metals and those metals even at very low concentrations would be concentrated biologically through natural food chains. Microalgae can concentrate metals and transform them into less hazardous forms, and the use of microalgal biomass would offer a potential alternative to conventional methods for detoxification and for recovery of toxic or valuable metals. This review summarizes an information on physiological relations between heavy metals and microorganisms, especially microalgae, and presents some applications of algal biotechnology that has been developed to use microalgal biomass for bioremediation of heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"1 1","pages":"479-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72583908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hirayama, K. Kamata, T. Kasai, Tetsushi Watanabe
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination for saturated aliphatic aldehydes, specially formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 1-propanal, 1-butanal, 1-pentanal and 1-hexanal, were studied using a precolumn derivatization reagent acetylacetone. After the selective condensation of these aliphatic aldehydes to form fluorescent dihydrolutidine derivatives, the separation of these compounds was achieved on a ODS column (150×4 mm i.d.) with a linear gradient system of methanol and water (from 50% methanol to 80% methanol in 30 min). The separated lutidine derivatives were detected with a fluorescence monitor (398 nm for excitation and 488 nm for emmission). Three autoxidized unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and five autoxidized eddible oils were subsequently assayed for 1-propanal (C3), 1-butanal (C4), 1-pentanal (C5) and 1-hexanal (C6). The peaks of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were interfered with unknown peaks derived from oxidized lipids. Their detection limits (S/N=2) were 29 ng and 39 ng for 1-propanal and 1-hexanal, respectively. The other carbonyl compounds such as α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and glyoxal derivatives were not interfered by this method.
采用柱前衍生试剂乙酰丙酮，研究了饱和脂肪醛，特别是甲醛、乙醛、1-丙醛、1-丁醛、1-戊醛和1-己醛的高效液相色谱测定。在这些脂肪族醛选择性缩合形成荧光二氢lutidine衍生物后，这些化合物在ODS柱(150×4 mm i.d)上与甲醇和水的线性梯度系统(从50%甲醇到80%甲醇在30分钟内)分离。用荧光监测器(激发波长为398 nm，发射波长为488 nm)检测分离得到的鲁替丁衍生物。随后测定了3种不饱和脂肪酸甲酯和5种食用油中1-丙醛(C3)、1-丁醛(C4)、1-戊醛(C5)和1-己醛(C6)的含量。甲醛和乙醛的峰被来自氧化脂质的未知峰干扰。1-丙醛和1-己醛的检出限(S/N=2)分别为29 ng和39 ng。其他羰基化合物如α、β-不饱和醛和乙二醛衍生物不受此方法的干扰。
{"title":"Determination of Saturated Aliphatic Aldehydes in Edible Oil by Acetylacetone Method High-performance Liquid Chromatography.","authors":"T. Hirayama, K. Kamata, T. Kasai, Tetsushi Watanabe","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.574","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance liquid chromatographic determination for saturated aliphatic aldehydes, specially formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 1-propanal, 1-butanal, 1-pentanal and 1-hexanal, were studied using a precolumn derivatization reagent acetylacetone. After the selective condensation of these aliphatic aldehydes to form fluorescent dihydrolutidine derivatives, the separation of these compounds was achieved on a ODS column (150×4 mm i.d.) with a linear gradient system of methanol and water (from 50% methanol to 80% methanol in 30 min). The separated lutidine derivatives were detected with a fluorescence monitor (398 nm for excitation and 488 nm for emmission). Three autoxidized unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and five autoxidized eddible oils were subsequently assayed for 1-propanal (C3), 1-butanal (C4), 1-pentanal (C5) and 1-hexanal (C6). The peaks of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were interfered with unknown peaks derived from oxidized lipids. Their detection limits (S/N=2) were 29 ng and 39 ng for 1-propanal and 1-hexanal, respectively. The other carbonyl compounds such as α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and glyoxal derivatives were not interfered by this method.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"8 1","pages":"574-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80125174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nishikawa, M. Tatsuno, H. Tsuchihashi, K. Igarashi, F. Kasuya, M. Fukui
A simple and rapid method for the detection of 12 quaternary ammonium compounds (Suxamethonium, Pancuronium, Benzethonium, Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Hexamethonium, Propantheline, Methylbenactyzium, Neostigmine, Distigmine, Pyridostigmine and Ambenonium) using thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry was investigated. Each compound was extracted from urine as an ion-pair with bromothymol blue, tropaeolin OO and hexanitrodiphenilamine in dichloromethane. The used LC column was Asahipak GS-320H for aqueous steric exclusion chromatography, and the mobile phase was 100 mM ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (90/10 v/v or 70/30 v/v). The ion source block and tip heater temperatures were set at 300 and 320°C, respectively. The vaporizer control temperature was kept at the temperature of the take off temperature minus 15°C. The recoveries of 12 quaternary ammonium compounds from the spiked urine were 76.1 to 98.6% by ion-pair extraction. The detection limits of these compounds for the simultaneous analysis were 0.5-80 ng/ml by selected ion monitoring mode.
{"title":"The Analysis of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Human Urine by Thermospray Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"M. Nishikawa, M. Tatsuno, H. Tsuchihashi, K. Igarashi, F. Kasuya, M. Fukui","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.534","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and rapid method for the detection of 12 quaternary ammonium compounds (Suxamethonium, Pancuronium, Benzethonium, Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Hexamethonium, Propantheline, Methylbenactyzium, Neostigmine, Distigmine, Pyridostigmine and Ambenonium) using thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry was investigated. Each compound was extracted from urine as an ion-pair with bromothymol blue, tropaeolin OO and hexanitrodiphenilamine in dichloromethane. The used LC column was Asahipak GS-320H for aqueous steric exclusion chromatography, and the mobile phase was 100 mM ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (90/10 v/v or 70/30 v/v). The ion source block and tip heater temperatures were set at 300 and 320°C, respectively. The vaporizer control temperature was kept at the temperature of the take off temperature minus 15°C. The recoveries of 12 quaternary ammonium compounds from the spiked urine were 76.1 to 98.6% by ion-pair extraction. The detection limits of these compounds for the simultaneous analysis were 0.5-80 ng/ml by selected ion monitoring mode.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"534-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84864106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coloring is added to many foods and beverages to compensate for the loss of color during processing and to enhance their visual appeal. We have been studying the effect of food additives around the ADI level on cellular functions using washed rabbit platelets. The present study has been carried out to investigate the effect of artificial red colors on rabbit platelet functions both in vitro and ex vivo. Among seven red colors used, Nos. 3, 104 and 106, which are xanthene dyes, had an inhibitory effect on A-23187 induced TXB2 synthesis at the concentration of 0.01-0.05% when added simultaneously in vitro. On the other hand, all seven colors affected thrombin induced TXB2 synthesis at the concentration of around 0.01%. Namely, Nos. 2, 3, 40, 102, 104 and 105 inhibited and No. 106 stimulated thrombin induced TXB2 synthesis. In the pretreatment, only No. 106 had a reversible inhibitory effect on A-23187 induced TXB2 synthesis, but thrombin induced ones were inhibited by Nos. 2, 3, 40, 102, 104 and 105. These inhibitions were irreversible in the cases of Nos. 3 and 104. Thrombin induced TXB2 synthesis in the platelet from rabbit fed ADI levels of Nos. 3, 102, 104, 105 and 106, with the diet for 5 d was stimulated. These results indicate that the amount of these compounds added to foods should be reduced to the minimum necessary to lower the risk of their potential hazard to humans.
{"title":"食品添加物(赤色系合成着色料)のウサギ血小板機能に及ぼす影響","authors":"裕康 山崎, 孝子 山口, 山内 あい子, 靖男 垣内","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.448","url":null,"abstract":"Coloring is added to many foods and beverages to compensate for the loss of color during processing and to enhance their visual appeal. We have been studying the effect of food additives around the ADI level on cellular functions using washed rabbit platelets. The present study has been carried out to investigate the effect of artificial red colors on rabbit platelet functions both in vitro and ex vivo. Among seven red colors used, Nos. 3, 104 and 106, which are xanthene dyes, had an inhibitory effect on A-23187 induced TXB2 synthesis at the concentration of 0.01-0.05% when added simultaneously in vitro. On the other hand, all seven colors affected thrombin induced TXB2 synthesis at the concentration of around 0.01%. Namely, Nos. 2, 3, 40, 102, 104 and 105 inhibited and No. 106 stimulated thrombin induced TXB2 synthesis. In the pretreatment, only No. 106 had a reversible inhibitory effect on A-23187 induced TXB2 synthesis, but thrombin induced ones were inhibited by Nos. 2, 3, 40, 102, 104 and 105. These inhibitions were irreversible in the cases of Nos. 3 and 104. Thrombin induced TXB2 synthesis in the platelet from rabbit fed ADI levels of Nos. 3, 102, 104, 105 and 106, with the diet for 5 d was stimulated. These results indicate that the amount of these compounds added to foods should be reduced to the minimum necessary to lower the risk of their potential hazard to humans.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"6 1","pages":"448-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74892870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Takasaki, T. Hashida, Keiichi Kato, T. Nishihara
The minimum lethal concentration of didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, was 32 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, but the presence of 0.7% polysorbate 80 raised it to 250 μg/ml. Viable cells were recovered from the treatment mixture at 32 μg/ml for up to 1 min when polysorbate was added, although no survivors were detected even at 20 s without polysorbate. The non-ionic surfactant depressed all the phenomena arising from the DDAC treatment including the uptake of DDAC by the cell, leakage of intracellular components, i.e. K+, 260 nm absorbing materials, and phospholipid. From these results, it is deduced that polysorbate interferes with the uptake of DDAC and also can remove the disinfectant in micelles from the cell surface, resulting in prevention of the DDAC damage to the structure and function of cell membrane.
{"title":"Neutralizing Effect of Polysorbate on Bactericidal Action of A Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectant, Didecyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride, against Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"A. Takasaki, T. Hashida, Keiichi Kato, T. Nishihara","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.351","url":null,"abstract":"The minimum lethal concentration of didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, was 32 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, but the presence of 0.7% polysorbate 80 raised it to 250 μg/ml. Viable cells were recovered from the treatment mixture at 32 μg/ml for up to 1 min when polysorbate was added, although no survivors were detected even at 20 s without polysorbate. The non-ionic surfactant depressed all the phenomena arising from the DDAC treatment including the uptake of DDAC by the cell, leakage of intracellular components, i.e. K+, 260 nm absorbing materials, and phospholipid. From these results, it is deduced that polysorbate interferes with the uptake of DDAC and also can remove the disinfectant in micelles from the cell surface, resulting in prevention of the DDAC damage to the structure and function of cell membrane.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"25 1","pages":"351-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82634642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Takasaki, T. Hashida, S. Fujiwara, Keiichi Kato, T. Nishihara
The study was conducted using a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), whose minimum lethal concentration (MLC) against Staphylococcus aureus was 32 μg/ml. No remaining viable cells were detected even after a short 20 s treatment with DDAC at the MLC. Treatment with DDAC caused to form blebs on the cell surface, and K+, 260 nm absorbing materials and phospholipid leaked out from the cells. The experiment using 14C-labeled DDAC showed that the disinfectant was taken up in a biphasic curve to the cell regardless of the treatment temperature or time. The radioactivity was distributed significantly in the membrane fraction and the cytoplasm fraction. Tetramethyl ammonium chloride showed no biocidal activity and had no effect on the activity or uptake of DDAC. From these results, it was deduced that DDAC, at bactericidal levels, is adsorbed physicochemically, by hydrophobic interaction, onto the cell membrane, where it can react with lipid to cause significant damage to the structure and function of the membrane, leading to death.
{"title":"Bactericidal Action of A Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectant, Didecyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride, against Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"A. Takasaki, T. Hashida, S. Fujiwara, Keiichi Kato, T. Nishihara","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.344","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted using a quaternary ammonium disinfectant, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), whose minimum lethal concentration (MLC) against Staphylococcus aureus was 32 μg/ml. No remaining viable cells were detected even after a short 20 s treatment with DDAC at the MLC. Treatment with DDAC caused to form blebs on the cell surface, and K+, 260 nm absorbing materials and phospholipid leaked out from the cells. The experiment using 14C-labeled DDAC showed that the disinfectant was taken up in a biphasic curve to the cell regardless of the treatment temperature or time. The radioactivity was distributed significantly in the membrane fraction and the cytoplasm fraction. Tetramethyl ammonium chloride showed no biocidal activity and had no effect on the activity or uptake of DDAC. From these results, it was deduced that DDAC, at bactericidal levels, is adsorbed physicochemically, by hydrophobic interaction, onto the cell membrane, where it can react with lipid to cause significant damage to the structure and function of the membrane, leading to death.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"273 1","pages":"344-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77713017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New regulation of tap water quality and standard methods in Japan","authors":"M. Ando","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"1 1","pages":"317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90563787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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