S. Onodera, K. Igarashi, A. Fukuda, J. Ouchi, Shizuo Suzuki
Aqueous anthracene/phenanthrene compound solutions were treated with chlorine under various experimental conditions. Diethyl ether extracts from the chlorinated waters were determined by gas chromatography for their product distributions, and were tested for their mutagenic effects on TA98 and TA100 strains with and without S9 mix. Aqueous chlorination not only generated mutagens from non-mutagenic compounds (anthracene, 2-methylanthracene, phenanthrene and 2-methylphenanthrene), but also enhanced the activity of mutagenic compounds (9, 10-dimethyl anthracene and 1-methylphenanthrene). The chlorination products of anthracene compounds were most mutagenic on TA98 strain with S9 mix, while these products of phenanthrene compounds were mutagenic without S9 mix. The parent compounds were shown to produce a variety of chlorination products, including chlorine-substituted, oxygenated, and hydroxylated compounds. The formation of chlorination products and mutagenic substances was dependent on the reaction pH and chlorine dose. The significance of these findings for water chlorination systems is discussed.
{"title":"Mutagenic Potentials of Anthracene and Phenanthrene Compounds during Water Disinfection with Chlorine","authors":"S. Onodera, K. Igarashi, A. Fukuda, J. Ouchi, Shizuo Suzuki","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.233","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous anthracene/phenanthrene compound solutions were treated with chlorine under various experimental conditions. Diethyl ether extracts from the chlorinated waters were determined by gas chromatography for their product distributions, and were tested for their mutagenic effects on TA98 and TA100 strains with and without S9 mix. Aqueous chlorination not only generated mutagens from non-mutagenic compounds (anthracene, 2-methylanthracene, phenanthrene and 2-methylphenanthrene), but also enhanced the activity of mutagenic compounds (9, 10-dimethyl anthracene and 1-methylphenanthrene). The chlorination products of anthracene compounds were most mutagenic on TA98 strain with S9 mix, while these products of phenanthrene compounds were mutagenic without S9 mix. The parent compounds were shown to produce a variety of chlorination products, including chlorine-substituted, oxygenated, and hydroxylated compounds. The formation of chlorination products and mutagenic substances was dependent on the reaction pH and chlorine dose. The significance of these findings for water chlorination systems is discussed.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"40 1","pages":"233-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86374877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satoshi Watanabe, Y. Kato, K. Miyasaka, S. Kawauchi
It is suspected that pentachlorophenol (PCP), used as an organochlorine herbicide, has toxicity related with the lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation by the in vitro metabolism of PCP in a microsomal system was inhibited by riboflavin tetrabutyrate (B2-But), a fat-soluble riboflavin, but not inhibited by water-soluble flavins. The lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice exposed to 35 μmol/kg of PCP was suppressed by the simultaneous administration of B2-But, but scarcely suppressed by other flavins. Moreover, the changes of mitochondrial ADP/O ratio and flavin contents in the liver of mice were also suppressed by B2-But. It was considered that the suppressive effect of B2-But on the liver injury by PCP due to the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and the flavin supply by B2-But in the liver.
{"title":"Inhibitory effect of riboflavin tetrabutyrate on the lipid peroxidation by pentachlorophenol","authors":"Satoshi Watanabe, Y. Kato, K. Miyasaka, S. Kawauchi","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.433","url":null,"abstract":"It is suspected that pentachlorophenol (PCP), used as an organochlorine herbicide, has toxicity related with the lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation by the in vitro metabolism of PCP in a microsomal system was inhibited by riboflavin tetrabutyrate (B2-But), a fat-soluble riboflavin, but not inhibited by water-soluble flavins. The lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice exposed to 35 μmol/kg of PCP was suppressed by the simultaneous administration of B2-But, but scarcely suppressed by other flavins. Moreover, the changes of mitochondrial ADP/O ratio and flavin contents in the liver of mice were also suppressed by B2-But. It was considered that the suppressive effect of B2-But on the liver injury by PCP due to the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and the flavin supply by B2-But in the liver.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"61 1","pages":"433-439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73447547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Korenaga, Xiaojing Zhou, T. Moriwake, S. Shinoda
A flow-injection system was described for continuous monitoring of total nitrogen in water samples. The present method exploited a series of chemical reactions to transform all nitrogen compounds into nitrite that is then coupled with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediammonium dichloride to form a highly colored diazodye and selectively monitored at 540 nm. When 200 μl of standard solution (potassium nitrate) was injected at a sampling frequency of 20/h, the determination range was 0.02-10 mg/l nitrogen. The detection limit and relative standard deviation of the method were 0.02 mg/l nitrogen and 1.2% (n=12), respectively. Utilization of a high-purity distilled water attained a detection limit of 0.002 mg/l and determination range of 0.002-10 mg/l nitrogen. Since the flow-injection system was operated by a high-precision pump in a reproducible manner and any vaporization, loss and matrix effect of samples can be perfectly prevented in the system, the reliability of monitoring results appeared to be far better than that obtained by the standard manual method. The flow-injection system, which is coupled with a sampling system, fulfills the essential functions of continuous monitoring in near-real time. The monitoring system has been designed with emphasis on high sampling rate, long-term stability, low reagent consumption and minimum maintenance, and is therefore suitable for use in water quality management to control eutrophication in an aquatic environment.
{"title":"A Flow-injection System for Monitoring of Total Nitrogen and Control of Eutrophication in an Aquatic Environment","authors":"T. Korenaga, Xiaojing Zhou, T. Moriwake, S. Shinoda","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.122","url":null,"abstract":"A flow-injection system was described for continuous monitoring of total nitrogen in water samples. The present method exploited a series of chemical reactions to transform all nitrogen compounds into nitrite that is then coupled with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediammonium dichloride to form a highly colored diazodye and selectively monitored at 540 nm. When 200 μl of standard solution (potassium nitrate) was injected at a sampling frequency of 20/h, the determination range was 0.02-10 mg/l nitrogen. The detection limit and relative standard deviation of the method were 0.02 mg/l nitrogen and 1.2% (n=12), respectively. Utilization of a high-purity distilled water attained a detection limit of 0.002 mg/l and determination range of 0.002-10 mg/l nitrogen. Since the flow-injection system was operated by a high-precision pump in a reproducible manner and any vaporization, loss and matrix effect of samples can be perfectly prevented in the system, the reliability of monitoring results appeared to be far better than that obtained by the standard manual method. The flow-injection system, which is coupled with a sampling system, fulfills the essential functions of continuous monitoring in near-real time. The monitoring system has been designed with emphasis on high sampling rate, long-term stability, low reagent consumption and minimum maintenance, and is therefore suitable for use in water quality management to control eutrophication in an aquatic environment.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"23 1","pages":"122-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88352938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ダイオキシン関連物質による環境汚染とその問題点(招待講演論文)(第19回環境トキコロジーシンポジウム講演録)","authors":"秀明 宮田","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.P4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.P4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74294120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hatsumura, T. Ishida, Y. Ishii, N. Ariyoshi, Y. Koga, K. Oguri, H. Yoshimura
{"title":"Effect of Coplanar PCB on Gluconeogenesis and Lipid Metabolism : Comparison between Rats and Guinea Pigs (Proceedings of the 19th Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)","authors":"M. Hatsumura, T. Ishida, Y. Ishii, N. Ariyoshi, Y. Koga, K. Oguri, H. Yoshimura","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.P27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.P27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82898574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of TBZ on Cultured Rat Embryos (Proceedings of the 19th Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)","authors":"A. Yokoyama, M. Akita, Y. Usui","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.P25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.P25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86872189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Miura, T. Clarkson, K. Ikeda, A. Naganuma, N. Imura
{"title":"Cellular Factors Modulating Sensitivity to Methylmercury (Proceedings of the 19th Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)","authors":"K. Miura, T. Clarkson, K. Ikeda, A. Naganuma, N. Imura","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.P19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.P19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77793102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Liver Injury and the Lipid Peroxidation in Mice by Trichloroacetic Acid or Trichloroethylene.","authors":"Satoshi Watanabe, Y. Kato, S. Kawauchi","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.40.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.40.440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"44 1","pages":"440-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83773760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_381
K. Yano
We summarized the present status of viruses detected in the water system in the human living environment such as sewage, reclaimed water, river water, drinking water, fish and shellfish, and swimming pool water. In addition, the effects of these viruses on human health were discussed based on previous cases of waterborne virus infection and epidemiological data. There are no marked cases of waterborne virus infection in Japan. However, as virus contamination of river water, a source of drinking water, and reclaim from an increase in sewage with advances in urbanization, surveillance of waterborne viruses is needed. We also introduced the present isolation methods of viruses in water. For surveillance of viruses in water, reliable detection methods that can be readily performed in many institutions should be established.
{"title":"Hygieiological Problems and Detection Methods of Viruses in Water.","authors":"K. Yano","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_381","url":null,"abstract":"We summarized the present status of viruses detected in the water system in the human living environment such as sewage, reclaimed water, river water, drinking water, fish and shellfish, and swimming pool water. In addition, the effects of these viruses on human health were discussed based on previous cases of waterborne virus infection and epidemiological data. There are no marked cases of waterborne virus infection in Japan. However, as virus contamination of river water, a source of drinking water, and reclaim from an increase in sewage with advances in urbanization, surveillance of waterborne viruses is needed. We also introduced the present isolation methods of viruses in water. For surveillance of viruses in water, reliable detection methods that can be readily performed in many institutions should be established.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"13 1","pages":"381-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88620296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-10-31DOI: 10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_469
T. Nakahama
{"title":"Concentration Method of Low Levels of PCDDs in Environmental Waters by Using Polyamide Column","authors":"T. Nakahama","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.39.5_469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"2 1","pages":"469-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88284302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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