For the selective quantification of metallothionein (MT)-III, MT samples from mouse brain were converted to Hg-MT, then chromatographed using a double (connected-in-tandem) FPLC-gel permeation column system. The chromatogram showed two peaks with a slight overlap. Hg-MT-III was eluted prior to Hg-MT-I and II, probably due to a slightly higher molecular weight. The amount of each isomer was determined from an analysis of the Hg content in each fraction. The present procedure revealed that MT-III in the mouse brain was comparable in quantity to MT-I and II. Thus, MT-III in mouse brain could be selectively quantified at a sub-picomol level.
{"title":"SELECTIVE AND SIMPLE QUANTIFICATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN III IN MOUSE BRAIN","authors":"A. Yasutake, M. Satoh, C. Tohyama, K. Hirayama","doi":"10.1248/JHS.45.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS.45.222","url":null,"abstract":"For the selective quantification of metallothionein (MT)-III, MT samples from mouse brain were converted to Hg-MT, then chromatographed using a double (connected-in-tandem) FPLC-gel permeation column system. The chromatogram showed two peaks with a slight overlap. Hg-MT-III was eluted prior to Hg-MT-I and II, probably due to a slightly higher molecular weight. The amount of each isomer was determined from an analysis of the Hg content in each fraction. The present procedure revealed that MT-III in the mouse brain was comparable in quantity to MT-I and II. Thus, MT-III in mouse brain could be selectively quantified at a sub-picomol level.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"55 1","pages":"222-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83359768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain parenchyma is protected against excess metals by the barrier system in the brain. To evaluate the expression of metallothionein (MT), a protective protein against heavy metals, in the brain parenchyma, zinc sulfate (0.2 or 2μmol) or cadmium chloride (2 or 20nmol) was injected into the left striatum of rats. Seventy-two h later, the MT level in the ipsilateral striatum injected with 0.2μmol of zinc sulfate was not significantly higher than that after injection with vehicle. When the striatum was injected with 2μmol of zinc sulfate, on the other hand, the MT level in the ipsilateral striatum, showing apparent degeneration, was significantly higher than that after injection with vehicle : the former was approximately 1.5 times the latter. In the case of injection with cadmium chloride at doses of 2 and 20nmol, the MT levels in the ipsilateral striatum was approximately twice that after injection with vehicle. The MT level in the contralateral striatum and other brain regions were not affected by injection with either metal salt at any dose. When zinc sulfate of 100μmol/kg body weight, corresponding to the lower dose tested(0.1μmol/g brain), was subcutaneously injected, the hepatic MT level was approximately four times higher than the normal hepatic level. These results suggest that the changes of MT level in the brain were small compared to those observed in the liver.
{"title":"METALLOTHIONEIN INDUCTION IN RAT BRAIN AFTER INTRASTRIATAL INJECTION OF ZINC AND CADMIUM SALTS","authors":"A. Takeda, Y. Kodama, S. Okada","doi":"10.1248/JHS.45.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS.45.20","url":null,"abstract":"Brain parenchyma is protected against excess metals by the barrier system in the brain. To evaluate the expression of metallothionein (MT), a protective protein against heavy metals, in the brain parenchyma, zinc sulfate (0.2 or 2μmol) or cadmium chloride (2 or 20nmol) was injected into the left striatum of rats. Seventy-two h later, the MT level in the ipsilateral striatum injected with 0.2μmol of zinc sulfate was not significantly higher than that after injection with vehicle. When the striatum was injected with 2μmol of zinc sulfate, on the other hand, the MT level in the ipsilateral striatum, showing apparent degeneration, was significantly higher than that after injection with vehicle : the former was approximately 1.5 times the latter. In the case of injection with cadmium chloride at doses of 2 and 20nmol, the MT levels in the ipsilateral striatum was approximately twice that after injection with vehicle. The MT level in the contralateral striatum and other brain regions were not affected by injection with either metal salt at any dose. When zinc sulfate of 100μmol/kg body weight, corresponding to the lower dose tested(0.1μmol/g brain), was subcutaneously injected, the hepatic MT level was approximately four times higher than the normal hepatic level. These results suggest that the changes of MT level in the brain were small compared to those observed in the liver.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"4 1","pages":"20-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90326307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to know the photochemical behaviors of pesticides in natural water and on the surface of solids such as agricultural leaves and clay particles, the degradation patterns of 35 organophosphorus, 28 organonitrogens, 9 organochlorines and 7 pyrethroid pesticides in distilled water and on the silica gel plate during exposure to UV light (365 nm) for four hours were investigated. The percentages of the degradation of pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides were higher than those of organochlorine and organonitrogen pesticides under photoexposure in distilled water and on the silica gel plate. The percentages of degradation of all the pyrethroid pesticides were higher than 36%. Besides, the photochemical degradation on the thioether groups in disulfoton and fenthion were beyond 70%. Photochemical degradation products derived from disulfoton and fenthion were confirmed to be disulfoton sulfoxide and fenthion sulfoxide by GC-MS. The percentages of degradation of hormothion, disulfoton, fenthion, vamidothion, edifenfos and pyridafenthion on the silica gel plate were superior to those in distilled water. These findings suggested that those pesticides described above on the surface of solids such as agricultural leaves and clay particles were readily degradated as compared with those in natural water.
{"title":"Studies on Photochemical Behaviors of Pesticides in Environment.","authors":"Y. Hirahara, Y. Sayato, K. Nakamuro","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.451","url":null,"abstract":"In order to know the photochemical behaviors of pesticides in natural water and on the surface of solids such as agricultural leaves and clay particles, the degradation patterns of 35 organophosphorus, 28 organonitrogens, 9 organochlorines and 7 pyrethroid pesticides in distilled water and on the silica gel plate during exposure to UV light (365 nm) for four hours were investigated. The percentages of the degradation of pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides were higher than those of organochlorine and organonitrogen pesticides under photoexposure in distilled water and on the silica gel plate. The percentages of degradation of all the pyrethroid pesticides were higher than 36%. Besides, the photochemical degradation on the thioether groups in disulfoton and fenthion were beyond 70%. Photochemical degradation products derived from disulfoton and fenthion were confirmed to be disulfoton sulfoxide and fenthion sulfoxide by GC-MS. The percentages of degradation of hormothion, disulfoton, fenthion, vamidothion, edifenfos and pyridafenthion on the silica gel plate were superior to those in distilled water. These findings suggested that those pesticides described above on the surface of solids such as agricultural leaves and clay particles were readily degradated as compared with those in natural water.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"5 1","pages":"451-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84236787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Russian tanker Nakhodka met a hull-broken accident in sailing in the Sea of Japan on January 2, 1997, releasing approximately 6200 kl of heavy oil into the Sea of Japan. The spilled oil was driven by the prevailing winds and water currents and polluted the coastline from the Shimane Prefecture through the Yamagata Prefecture. While much effort was made to remove the reached oil, many workers engaged in oil-removing complained of an eyeache, giddiness, a headache, etc. These symptoms were considered to be caused by volatile chemicals in the oil. Although the greater part of the oiled coastline was cleaned shortly after the oil pollution, there is concern that sands, rocks and sea water of the shore were still contaminated with chemicals included in the oil. Furthermore, some part has remained not to be treated. Extensive scientific studies were conducted to 1) evaluate the influence of volatile chemicals in the spilled oil on the health of oil-removing workers, 2) assess the impact of the spill on the ecosystem, 3) where and how long the contamination by the oil or chemicals persists in the environment. This paper reviews the activities and researches made after the Nakhodka oil spill accident.
{"title":"Oil Spill Accident in the Sea of Japan","authors":"R. Kizu, K. Ando, K. Hayakawa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.321","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian tanker Nakhodka met a hull-broken accident in sailing in the Sea of Japan on January 2, 1997, releasing approximately 6200 kl of heavy oil into the Sea of Japan. The spilled oil was driven by the prevailing winds and water currents and polluted the coastline from the Shimane Prefecture through the Yamagata Prefecture. While much effort was made to remove the reached oil, many workers engaged in oil-removing complained of an eyeache, giddiness, a headache, etc. These symptoms were considered to be caused by volatile chemicals in the oil. Although the greater part of the oiled coastline was cleaned shortly after the oil pollution, there is concern that sands, rocks and sea water of the shore were still contaminated with chemicals included in the oil. Furthermore, some part has remained not to be treated. Extensive scientific studies were conducted to 1) evaluate the influence of volatile chemicals in the spilled oil on the health of oil-removing workers, 2) assess the impact of the spill on the ecosystem, 3) where and how long the contamination by the oil or chemicals persists in the environment. This paper reviews the activities and researches made after the Nakhodka oil spill accident.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"144 1","pages":"321-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88082450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic compounds of particulates accumulated in the tunnel duct of freeways were extracted with a benzene-ethanol mixture solution (4 : 1, v/v) and fractionated into four fractions by 5% hydrous silica gel. The obtained organic substances were found to be composed of nonpolar, semipolar, polar and high polar compounds, by the use of GC-MS. The nonpolar fraction, in which linear alkanes ranging from C16 to C26 dominated, was shown to have many peaks on an extremely broad peak by GC-MS. These notable patterns were similar to those of vehicular exhausts. These observations have been characteristic of GC patterns of vehicular exhausts. The semipolar fraction was identified to contain mainly three- to four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene/triphenylene. Their concentrations in the total mass of particulates showed 0.6-39.5 μg/g. Moreover, alkylated PAHs such as benzo [b] naphtho [2, 1-d] thiophene and cyclopenta [cd] pyrene also detected in the sample, might be used for the markers of automobile exhaust particulates. In this fraction, 64 PAHs were tentatively identified by the use of the Wiley library search system and some of them were identified finally in comparison with authentic samples by GC-MS. The polar fraction was found to include oxygenated polycyclic aromatic compounds such as 1-naphthaldehyde, phenanthrene-9-carboxaldehyde, 9-fluorenone, xanthone, benzanthrone, anthraquinone, 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone, 2-methylanthraquinone and 1, 2-benzanthraquinone. Their concentrations ranged 0.9-51.7 μg/g in the total mass of particulates and were higher than those of oxygenated PAHs in particulates collected in a rural area, urban air and indoor air. In this fraction, 44 oxygenated compounds including oxygenated polycyclic aromatic compounds were tentatively identified by the same technique described above. The high polar fraction could not be analyzed.
{"title":"Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of the Particulate Accumulated in the Tunnel Duct of Freeway and Generation of Their Oxygenated Derivatives.","authors":"J. Oda, A. Yasuhara, K. Matsunaga, Yutaka Saitō","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.334","url":null,"abstract":"Organic compounds of particulates accumulated in the tunnel duct of freeways were extracted with a benzene-ethanol mixture solution (4 : 1, v/v) and fractionated into four fractions by 5% hydrous silica gel. The obtained organic substances were found to be composed of nonpolar, semipolar, polar and high polar compounds, by the use of GC-MS. The nonpolar fraction, in which linear alkanes ranging from C16 to C26 dominated, was shown to have many peaks on an extremely broad peak by GC-MS. These notable patterns were similar to those of vehicular exhausts. These observations have been characteristic of GC patterns of vehicular exhausts. The semipolar fraction was identified to contain mainly three- to four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene/triphenylene. Their concentrations in the total mass of particulates showed 0.6-39.5 μg/g. Moreover, alkylated PAHs such as benzo [b] naphtho [2, 1-d] thiophene and cyclopenta [cd] pyrene also detected in the sample, might be used for the markers of automobile exhaust particulates. In this fraction, 64 PAHs were tentatively identified by the use of the Wiley library search system and some of them were identified finally in comparison with authentic samples by GC-MS. The polar fraction was found to include oxygenated polycyclic aromatic compounds such as 1-naphthaldehyde, phenanthrene-9-carboxaldehyde, 9-fluorenone, xanthone, benzanthrone, anthraquinone, 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone, 2-methylanthraquinone and 1, 2-benzanthraquinone. Their concentrations ranged 0.9-51.7 μg/g in the total mass of particulates and were higher than those of oxygenated PAHs in particulates collected in a rural area, urban air and indoor air. In this fraction, 44 oxygenated compounds including oxygenated polycyclic aromatic compounds were tentatively identified by the same technique described above. The high polar fraction could not be analyzed.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"119 1","pages":"334-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89863176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to know the behavior of linear alkylbenznesulfonate (LAS) and their complexes (LAS-CS) with cationic surfactants (CS), alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (TM) and dialkyldimethylammonium chloride (DM), in the aquatic environment, the formation of LAS-CS, their adsorption on the river sediment and primary biodegradation in the river water were studied. The formation of LAS-CS reached to the equilibrium within thirty minutes, and no effects of pH and reaction temperature were observed. It was confirmed that LAS formed LAS-CS with TM and DM at molar ratios from 1 : 1 to 6 : 1 and from 1 : 1 to 2 : 1, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of LAS and LAS-CS with TM or DM at molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 followed to the Freundlich's equations. The adsorption capacities of LAS-CS were smaller than that of LAS. Their order was LAS>LAS-TM>2LAS-TM>LAS-DM>2LAS-DM. The adsorption capacities of LAS, LAS-TM and 2LAS-TM increased with increasing the alkyl chain length of LAS, whereas those of LAS-DM and 2LAS-DM showed little variation among the alkyl chain length homologues. The primary biodegradation rates of LAS-CS with TM or DM at molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 were slower than that of LAS. Their order of biodegradation (% decreased during 14 days) was LAS (100%)>2LAS-TM (56%)>LAS-TM (36%)>2LAS-DM (31%)>LAS-DM (29%). The biodegradation of LAS and LAS-CS also decreased with increasing the alkyl chain length of LAS.
{"title":"Adsorption of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates and Their Complexes with Cationic Surfactants on River Sediment, and Their Biodegradation in River Water","authors":"Akiko Utsunomiya, Y. Mori, Kazuo Hasegawa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.264","url":null,"abstract":"In order to know the behavior of linear alkylbenznesulfonate (LAS) and their complexes (LAS-CS) with cationic surfactants (CS), alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (TM) and dialkyldimethylammonium chloride (DM), in the aquatic environment, the formation of LAS-CS, their adsorption on the river sediment and primary biodegradation in the river water were studied. The formation of LAS-CS reached to the equilibrium within thirty minutes, and no effects of pH and reaction temperature were observed. It was confirmed that LAS formed LAS-CS with TM and DM at molar ratios from 1 : 1 to 6 : 1 and from 1 : 1 to 2 : 1, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of LAS and LAS-CS with TM or DM at molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 followed to the Freundlich's equations. The adsorption capacities of LAS-CS were smaller than that of LAS. Their order was LAS>LAS-TM>2LAS-TM>LAS-DM>2LAS-DM. The adsorption capacities of LAS, LAS-TM and 2LAS-TM increased with increasing the alkyl chain length of LAS, whereas those of LAS-DM and 2LAS-DM showed little variation among the alkyl chain length homologues. The primary biodegradation rates of LAS-CS with TM or DM at molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 were slower than that of LAS. Their order of biodegradation (% decreased during 14 days) was LAS (100%)>2LAS-TM (56%)>LAS-TM (36%)>2LAS-DM (31%)>LAS-DM (29%). The biodegradation of LAS and LAS-CS also decreased with increasing the alkyl chain length of LAS.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"16 1","pages":"264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75199958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kataoka, A. Tsuda, Y. Tsuda, A. Baba, H. Yoshida, H. Fukui, M. Nishiguchi, Kazumi Tanaka, M. Semma, Yoshio N. Ito
Previously, we proposed an original mouse anaphylactic model using the abdominal wall as a site for both the induction and estimation (AW method). The anaphylactic intensity was estimated by VPV (vascular permeability value) corresponding to the given diameters of the dye-permeated area on the abdominal wall. In this paper, we investigated both the theoretical fundamentals and the application of the AW method for the detection of antigens and anti-allergic substances in food. Theoretically, VPV (1) reflected the IgE-dependence of the anaphylaxis high sensitively, (2) linearly increased with the dose of challenging antigen, and (3) decreased in a dose-dependent manner by oral preadministration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Furthermore, the VPV was shown to be dependent on the histamine concentration injected into the abdominal wall of normal mice. For the application of the AW method, existence of allergens was confirmed significantly after challenge with food (i. e., egg, milk, or soybean ; or processed foods prepared from these materials) in mice sensitized previously with the preceding food. Mice sensitized with a known antigenic protein exhibited significantly an antigen-specific anaphylactic reaction after challenge with food containing the same antigen. The optimum dose for sensitization and interval for detection were 50 μg/mouse and 9 d for both ovalbumin and hen egg lysozyme, while β-lactoglobulin needed 500μg/mouse and 14 d. It can be concluded that AW method is widely applicable for the detection of the known and unknown allergens in foods, simply, high sensitively, reproducibly, and quantitatively. In addition, the AW method was shown to be available for the search of anti-allergic substances in foods, and for the screening of anti-allergic drugs.
{"title":"即時型アレルギー反応の誘発と検出のための腹壁法(AW法)の確立と応用","authors":"H. Kataoka, A. Tsuda, Y. Tsuda, A. Baba, H. Yoshida, H. Fukui, M. Nishiguchi, Kazumi Tanaka, M. Semma, Yoshio N. Ito","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.277","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, we proposed an original mouse anaphylactic model using the abdominal wall as a site for both the induction and estimation (AW method). The anaphylactic intensity was estimated by VPV (vascular permeability value) corresponding to the given diameters of the dye-permeated area on the abdominal wall. In this paper, we investigated both the theoretical fundamentals and the application of the AW method for the detection of antigens and anti-allergic substances in food. Theoretically, VPV (1) reflected the IgE-dependence of the anaphylaxis high sensitively, (2) linearly increased with the dose of challenging antigen, and (3) decreased in a dose-dependent manner by oral preadministration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Furthermore, the VPV was shown to be dependent on the histamine concentration injected into the abdominal wall of normal mice. For the application of the AW method, existence of allergens was confirmed significantly after challenge with food (i. e., egg, milk, or soybean ; or processed foods prepared from these materials) in mice sensitized previously with the preceding food. Mice sensitized with a known antigenic protein exhibited significantly an antigen-specific anaphylactic reaction after challenge with food containing the same antigen. The optimum dose for sensitization and interval for detection were 50 μg/mouse and 9 d for both ovalbumin and hen egg lysozyme, while β-lactoglobulin needed 500μg/mouse and 14 d. It can be concluded that AW method is widely applicable for the detection of the known and unknown allergens in foods, simply, high sensitively, reproducibly, and quantitatively. In addition, the AW method was shown to be available for the search of anti-allergic substances in foods, and for the screening of anti-allergic drugs.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"59 1","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80634767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiromi Mori, Takahiko Sato, H. Nagase, K. Takada, M. Nagasaka, F. Yamazaki
An analytical method was established for the screening and quantification of phosphated amino acid herbicides (PAAHs), such as glyphosate, glufosinate and bialaphos, which frequently cause intoxication. The procedure involves the extraction of PAAHs by Ultra-Free 4 from serum, derivatization of the filtrate using p-toluensulfonyl chloride, and then HPLC analysis of the resulting p-toluensulfonyl derivatives. They can be identified by their UV spectra and retention times by comparison with authentic samples. The detection limits were less than 10 ng, which is sufficient for determining pesticides in serum. The overall recovery from serum was almost the same for each herbicide. The calibration curves were linear over a wide range. The sera of three acutely poisoned patients who took one of the above three PAAHs were examined by this method, and the results were shown to be accurate and sensitive. The analysis required only 1 h. The present method is useful not only for screening but also for quantitative analysis of pesticides causing acute intoxication. Their early identification may help prevent death.
{"title":"Analytical Method for Screening and Quantification of Phosphated Amino Acid Herbicides in the Serum of Acutely Intoxicated Patients Using HPLC with a Diode-Array-Detector.","authors":"Hiromi Mori, Takahiko Sato, H. Nagase, K. Takada, M. Nagasaka, F. Yamazaki","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.245","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical method was established for the screening and quantification of phosphated amino acid herbicides (PAAHs), such as glyphosate, glufosinate and bialaphos, which frequently cause intoxication. The procedure involves the extraction of PAAHs by Ultra-Free 4 from serum, derivatization of the filtrate using p-toluensulfonyl chloride, and then HPLC analysis of the resulting p-toluensulfonyl derivatives. They can be identified by their UV spectra and retention times by comparison with authentic samples. The detection limits were less than 10 ng, which is sufficient for determining pesticides in serum. The overall recovery from serum was almost the same for each herbicide. The calibration curves were linear over a wide range. The sera of three acutely poisoned patients who took one of the above three PAAHs were examined by this method, and the results were shown to be accurate and sensitive. The analysis required only 1 h. The present method is useful not only for screening but also for quantitative analysis of pesticides causing acute intoxication. Their early identification may help prevent death.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"80 ","pages":"245-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91454046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The oxy-radical scavenger, 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), reduced the X-ray-induced mutant spot frequency. The inhibitory effect may be due to the scavenging of oxy-radicals in vivo by DMPO.
氧自由基清除剂5,5 -二甲基-1-吡咯啉- n -氧化物(DMPO)降低了x射线诱导突变体的光斑频率。这种抑制作用可能是由于DMPO清除体内的氧自由基。
{"title":"Inhibitory Effect of 5, 5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide on Genotoxicity of X-rays in Drosophila","authors":"Y. Kimura, K. Kawai, K. Fujikawa, H. Furukawa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.233","url":null,"abstract":"The oxy-radical scavenger, 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), reduced the X-ray-induced mutant spot frequency. The inhibitory effect may be due to the scavenging of oxy-radicals in vivo by DMPO.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"22 1","pages":"233-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83074006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of supplementing methionine (1%) to a 24.8% protein diet (normal protein diet, NPD) or a 7.5% protein diet (low protein diet, LPD) on the fate of methylmercury (MeHg) was investigated after oral administration of MeHg (20 μmol/kg). Hg concentration in the brain was increased by methionine supplement to LPD, but not to NPD. Methionine supplement to both NPD and LPD resulted in increased Hg concentration in the liver but decreased Hg concentration in the kidney. Hg concentrations in the blood and plasma were decreased only by methionine supplement to LPD. Urinary Hg excretion was increased by methionine supplement to both diets, whereas no marked difference in fecal Hg excretion was observed by the supplement. Hg concentration in the plasma low molecular weight (LMW) fraction 2 h after oral administration of MeHg (20 μmol/kg) was increased by methionine supplement to LPD, but not to NPD. This suggests that the ratio of availability of sulfur amino acids for the synthesis of protein to those for the synthesis of LMW thiol compounds may be affected by dietary levels of protein and methionine. As a result, the increased Hg concentration in the plasma LMW fraction would result in higher brain Hg concentration, since the brain uptake of 14C-L-phenylalanine was not affected by methionine supplement. The present results suggest that the effects of methionine supplement on the fate of MeHg depend, at least partly, on dietary protein levels.
研究了在蛋白质含量为24.8%的正常蛋白质饲粮(NPD)和蛋白质含量为7.5%的低蛋白质饲粮(LPD)中添加1%蛋氨酸对甲基汞(MeHg)的影响。LPD组补充蛋氨酸可增加脑内汞浓度，NPD组不增加。在NPD和LPD中补充蛋氨酸导致肝脏中汞浓度升高，但肾脏中汞浓度降低。血液和血浆中的汞浓度仅通过补充蛋氨酸来降低。在两种饮食中添加蛋氨酸都增加了尿汞的排泄量，而添加蛋氨酸后粪便汞的排泄量没有显著差异。口服MeHg (20 μmol/kg) 2 h后，LPD组血浆低分子量(LMW)部分汞浓度升高，而NPD组无升高趋势。这表明，用于蛋白质合成的含硫氨基酸与用于低分子量硫醇化合物合成的含硫氨基酸的比值可能受饲粮中蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平的影响。因此，由于补充蛋氨酸不影响大脑对14c - l -苯丙氨酸的摄取，血浆LMW部分中汞浓度的增加会导致脑汞浓度升高。目前的结果表明，蛋氨酸补充对甲基汞命运的影响至少部分取决于膳食蛋白质水平。
{"title":"Dietary Protein Levels Cause Different Effects of Methionine Supplement on the Fate of Methylmercury in Mice","authors":"T. Adachi, K. Hirayama","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.226","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of supplementing methionine (1%) to a 24.8% protein diet (normal protein diet, NPD) or a 7.5% protein diet (low protein diet, LPD) on the fate of methylmercury (MeHg) was investigated after oral administration of MeHg (20 μmol/kg). Hg concentration in the brain was increased by methionine supplement to LPD, but not to NPD. Methionine supplement to both NPD and LPD resulted in increased Hg concentration in the liver but decreased Hg concentration in the kidney. Hg concentrations in the blood and plasma were decreased only by methionine supplement to LPD. Urinary Hg excretion was increased by methionine supplement to both diets, whereas no marked difference in fecal Hg excretion was observed by the supplement. Hg concentration in the plasma low molecular weight (LMW) fraction 2 h after oral administration of MeHg (20 μmol/kg) was increased by methionine supplement to LPD, but not to NPD. This suggests that the ratio of availability of sulfur amino acids for the synthesis of protein to those for the synthesis of LMW thiol compounds may be affected by dietary levels of protein and methionine. As a result, the increased Hg concentration in the plasma LMW fraction would result in higher brain Hg concentration, since the brain uptake of 14C-L-phenylalanine was not affected by methionine supplement. The present results suggest that the effects of methionine supplement on the fate of MeHg depend, at least partly, on dietary protein levels.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"106 1","pages":"226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87897472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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