T. Seto, H. Shioda, K. Satoh, Tomoko Hamano, Kazuo Onishi
Senna leaf, senna pod and rhubarb are the strong laxative crude drugs peculiarly containing such effective components as sennoside A (SA) and sennoside B (SB). These crude drugs are prescribed as ingredients used only as drugs by the notification of Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau. Therefore, foods containing these drugs are regulated as illegal drugs, unapproved/unpermitted drugs, on the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. We had successfully identified and detected rhubarb besides senna leaf and senna pod from some of imported herbal teas which were regarded as "health foods."The established method for the identification of these drugs is as follows. As the accurate method for the detection of characteristic common components of SA and SB three dimensional-HPLC (3D-HPLC) and TLC were utilized and they were distinguished each other based on the peculiarities shown below. 1. Rhein 8-glucoside is a characteristic component of rhubarb and successfully detected by 3D-HPLC. 2. On the TLC chromatogram for the identification method of senna or rhubarb described in Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP), each unique spot could be found, a pale white spot at senna, a remarkable orange-yellow spot usually observed on a mixture of free anthraquinones, chrysophanol, emodin, aloeemodin, etc. at rhubarb. 3. Through magnifying glass, even from cut samples, each characteristic tissue is found, namely pieces of leaves with an entire, acuminate, asymmetric leaf base, swelling veins or some hairs on the senna leaf, glossy pieces of pod changed to dark in place and often retuse seeds on senna pod, and brownish porous pieces of rhubarb. 4. Under a microscope, warty hairs from senna leaves and large clustered crystals (over 50μm) with vessels, pigments and other components from rhubarbs could be respectively observed as described in JP.
{"title":"Detection of Senna and Rhubarb Used Only as Drugs from Herbal Teas Advertising Effect of Weight Reduction","authors":"T. Seto, H. Shioda, K. Satoh, Tomoko Hamano, Kazuo Onishi","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.195","url":null,"abstract":"Senna leaf, senna pod and rhubarb are the strong laxative crude drugs peculiarly containing such effective components as sennoside A (SA) and sennoside B (SB). These crude drugs are prescribed as ingredients used only as drugs by the notification of Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau. Therefore, foods containing these drugs are regulated as illegal drugs, unapproved/unpermitted drugs, on the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. We had successfully identified and detected rhubarb besides senna leaf and senna pod from some of imported herbal teas which were regarded as \"health foods.\"The established method for the identification of these drugs is as follows. As the accurate method for the detection of characteristic common components of SA and SB three dimensional-HPLC (3D-HPLC) and TLC were utilized and they were distinguished each other based on the peculiarities shown below. 1. Rhein 8-glucoside is a characteristic component of rhubarb and successfully detected by 3D-HPLC. 2. On the TLC chromatogram for the identification method of senna or rhubarb described in Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP), each unique spot could be found, a pale white spot at senna, a remarkable orange-yellow spot usually observed on a mixture of free anthraquinones, chrysophanol, emodin, aloeemodin, etc. at rhubarb. 3. Through magnifying glass, even from cut samples, each characteristic tissue is found, namely pieces of leaves with an entire, acuminate, asymmetric leaf base, swelling veins or some hairs on the senna leaf, glossy pieces of pod changed to dark in place and often retuse seeds on senna pod, and brownish porous pieces of rhubarb. 4. Under a microscope, warty hairs from senna leaves and large clustered crystals (over 50μm) with vessels, pigments and other components from rhubarbs could be respectively observed as described in JP.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"23 1","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79422785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiromi Mori, Takahiko Sato, H. Nagase, K. Takada, F. Yamazaki
A simple and highly reliable screening method for unknown toxic substances in biological samples is required to select effective treatments for intoxicated patients in emergency medical care. For toxicological screening, and analytical method for pesticides in human serum by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with photo-diode-array detection was investigated. Twenty six commonly used pesticides could be identified from their UV spectra and retention times. The detection limit was less than 10 ng per injection, which was enough to identify pesticides in serum after solid-phase extraction using an ODS cartridge (Bond Elute C18). We analyzed the sera of three patients with this method and showed that the method was accurate and sensitive enough to identify unknown pesticides. The time needed for analysis was only 2-2.5h. We propose that this method will be very useful for detecting pesticides responsible for poisoning in emergency medical units.
需要一种简单、高可靠的筛选生物样品中未知毒性物质的方法，为急救中中毒患者选择有效的治疗方法。研究了人血清中农药的毒理学筛选和反相液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测分析方法。通过紫外光谱和滞留时间对26种常用农药进行了鉴定。检出限小于10 ng /支，可用于ODS固相萃取(Bond Elute C18)后血清中农药的检测。用该方法对3例患者的血清进行了分析，结果表明该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确性，可用于未知农药的鉴定。分析所需时间仅为2-2.5h。我们认为，这种方法将对急诊医疗单位的农药中毒检测非常有用。
{"title":"Screening for Pesticides in Serum from Acutely Poisoned Patients by HPLC-Photo-Diode Array Detection","authors":"Hiromi Mori, Takahiko Sato, H. Nagase, K. Takada, F. Yamazaki","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.182","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and highly reliable screening method for unknown toxic substances in biological samples is required to select effective treatments for intoxicated patients in emergency medical care. For toxicological screening, and analytical method for pesticides in human serum by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with photo-diode-array detection was investigated. Twenty six commonly used pesticides could be identified from their UV spectra and retention times. The detection limit was less than 10 ng per injection, which was enough to identify pesticides in serum after solid-phase extraction using an ODS cartridge (Bond Elute C18). We analyzed the sera of three patients with this method and showed that the method was accurate and sensitive enough to identify unknown pesticides. The time needed for analysis was only 2-2.5h. We propose that this method will be very useful for detecting pesticides responsible for poisoning in emergency medical units.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"9 1","pages":"182-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74709505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yoshihara, Y. Nagayama, Satoru Takahashi, N. Saito, M. Nagata
{"title":"Assessing the Metabolic Condition of Bones of Mobile and Immobile Elderly Patients by Determination of Biochemical Markers","authors":"K. Yoshihara, Y. Nagayama, Satoru Takahashi, N. Saito, M. Nagata","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"151 1","pages":"236-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82430957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Polyamide Column to the Concentration and Fractional Analysis of Some Organic Compounds Responsible for Environmental Water Pollution","authors":"T. Nakahama, Y. Inouye","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.92","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"28 1","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88477490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Katagi, M. Nishikawa, M. Tatsuno, T. Miyazawa, H. Tsuchihashi, A. Suzuki, O. Shirota
Semi-microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a columnswitching system was connected to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP), a main metabolite of MA. Urine samples were directly introduced to the system. After removal of other components of the sample matrix by the column-switching process, both MA and AP were successfully analyzed with enantiomeric resolution by the use of β-cyclodextrin phenylcarbamate-bonded (phCD) semi-microcolumn, accompanied by spectral information obtained with ESI-MS. Linear calibration curves were obtained for all the analytes throughout the concentration range from 1 ng/ml to 5 μg/ml. The relative standard deviation for peak area ranged from 1.41 to 2.07% at 0.1 μg/ml for the four enantiomer peaks. Detection limits observed for MA and AP enantiomers were 20 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml in the spectrum scanning mode, and 0.5 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml in the single ion monitoring (SIM) mode, respectively. The HPLC/ESI-MS system studied here appeared highly sensitive and useful towards its forensic applications.
{"title":"DIRECT ANALYSIS OF METHAMPHETAMINE AND AMPHATAMINE ENANTIOMERS IN HUMAN URINE BY SEMI-MICROCOLUMN HPLC/ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY","authors":"M. Katagi, M. Nishikawa, M. Tatsuno, T. Miyazawa, H. Tsuchihashi, A. Suzuki, O. Shirota","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.107","url":null,"abstract":"Semi-microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a columnswitching system was connected to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the analysis of methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP), a main metabolite of MA. Urine samples were directly introduced to the system. After removal of other components of the sample matrix by the column-switching process, both MA and AP were successfully analyzed with enantiomeric resolution by the use of β-cyclodextrin phenylcarbamate-bonded (phCD) semi-microcolumn, accompanied by spectral information obtained with ESI-MS. Linear calibration curves were obtained for all the analytes throughout the concentration range from 1 ng/ml to 5 μg/ml. The relative standard deviation for peak area ranged from 1.41 to 2.07% at 0.1 μg/ml for the four enantiomer peaks. Detection limits observed for MA and AP enantiomers were 20 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml in the spectrum scanning mode, and 0.5 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml in the single ion monitoring (SIM) mode, respectively. The HPLC/ESI-MS system studied here appeared highly sensitive and useful towards its forensic applications.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"32 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85230293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancement of Lysosomal Enzymes by the Pyrethroids, Fenvalerate and trans-Cypermethrin.","authors":"M. Balbaa, E. E. Abdelhamid, Khaled Bassiouny","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.83","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"56 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84147590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black and white hair samples were obtained from black-, gray-(i. e., a mixture of black and white hair) and white-haired methamphetamine (MA) users, and MA and amphetamine (AP) were determined by HPLC using chemiluminescence detection (CL-HPLC). MA and AP were detected in black hair, and were found in the part of the hair that grew during the period of MA use. In the same subjects, MA concentrations were lower in white hair than in black hair and AP was not detected in white hair. This difference may be related to the affinity of MA and AP for melanin.
{"title":"HPLC/Chemiluminescence Detection of Methamphetamine and Amphetamine in Black and White Hair Samples","authors":"N. Takayama, Seishi Tanaka, R. Kizu, K. Hayakawa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.116","url":null,"abstract":"Black and white hair samples were obtained from black-, gray-(i. e., a mixture of black and white hair) and white-haired methamphetamine (MA) users, and MA and amphetamine (AP) were determined by HPLC using chemiluminescence detection (CL-HPLC). MA and AP were detected in black hair, and were found in the part of the hair that grew during the period of MA use. In the same subjects, MA concentrations were lower in white hair than in black hair and AP was not detected in white hair. This difference may be related to the affinity of MA and AP for melanin.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"20 1","pages":"116-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84515606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We used intact cells and cell extracts to investigate the metabolic pathway of benzoic acid (BA) in Acinetobacter sp. strain ST-1, which dehalogenates 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4-CBA) hydrolytically and then mineralizes it via the β-ketoadipate pathway. Strain ST-1 degraded BA easily, yielding cis, cis-muconic acid and β-ketoadipic acid. A cell extract prepared from cells grown with BA transformed catechol into cis, cis-muconic acid and β-ketoadipic acid, but an extract of cells grown on 4-CBA lacked catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase activity. These results show that BA and 4-CBA are degraded in strain ST-1 by different pathways up to a common intermediate, β-ketoadipic acid, and that BA induces catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase. Therefore, the strain degraded BA via catechol to cis, cis-muconic acid and then to β-ketoadipic acid. The degradation pathways of BA and 4-CBA in strain ST-1 may be linked by the formation of β-ketoadipic acid, and then proceed along the β-ketoadipate pathway, even although the key intermediates before the ring fission are different, namely, catechol for BA and protocatechuic acid for 4-CBA.
{"title":"Metabolic Pathway of Benzoic Acid in an Acinetobacter Sp. That Mineralizes 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid","authors":"Kikuo Kobayashi, K. Hirayama, S. Tobita","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.25","url":null,"abstract":"We used intact cells and cell extracts to investigate the metabolic pathway of benzoic acid (BA) in Acinetobacter sp. strain ST-1, which dehalogenates 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4-CBA) hydrolytically and then mineralizes it via the β-ketoadipate pathway. Strain ST-1 degraded BA easily, yielding cis, cis-muconic acid and β-ketoadipic acid. A cell extract prepared from cells grown with BA transformed catechol into cis, cis-muconic acid and β-ketoadipic acid, but an extract of cells grown on 4-CBA lacked catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase activity. These results show that BA and 4-CBA are degraded in strain ST-1 by different pathways up to a common intermediate, β-ketoadipic acid, and that BA induces catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase. Therefore, the strain degraded BA via catechol to cis, cis-muconic acid and then to β-ketoadipic acid. The degradation pathways of BA and 4-CBA in strain ST-1 may be linked by the formation of β-ketoadipic acid, and then proceed along the β-ketoadipate pathway, even although the key intermediates before the ring fission are different, namely, catechol for BA and protocatechuic acid for 4-CBA.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"82 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90758492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Participation of Hsp72 in DNA Damage by Dimethylarsenics : Possible Relationship between Hsp72 and Apoptosis Induced in Pulmonary Cultured Cells (Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)","authors":"Koichi Kato, K. Yamanaka, A. Hasegawa, S. Okada","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.P6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.P6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90425004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Korenaga, Yi Yang, Ken-ichi Shibata, J. Motonaka, S. Ikeda
{"title":"Determination of Sulfate in Environmental Water by Spectrophotometric Flow Injection Analysis","authors":"T. Korenaga, Yi Yang, Ken-ichi Shibata, J. Motonaka, S. Ikeda","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.44.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.44.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"61 3","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91477085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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