Will medical radiologic technologists be replaced by sophisticated Software? Will they become robots? Will they become like the worker in the film “Modern Times” by Charlie Chaplin? This paper has the scope of evaluating the relation between medical radiologic technologists and “AI” (artificial intelligence in medical radiology). The figure of radiological technologist has a great importance for the necessary collaboration in the environment of a ward where there are great responsibilities from a medical and legal point of view. The Technician is responsible for carrying out the examination correctly: therefore, the level of qualified skills of the technologist is value added. As a matter of fact in the light of working at full capacity and the pressing requirements of the doctors of the wards, the technologist represents, especially in hospital structures not linked to universities, the most valid assistant for medical radiologists. Their ability of identifying anomalies compared to the norm during the examinations, allows to direct the doctor towards a correct preparation and, consequently, interpretation of the examination which is being performed. We believe that the introduction of Artificial Intelligence in diagnostic imaging does not absolutely hinder the figure of the medical radiologic technologist.
{"title":"RRD project (radiology red mask)\u0000Artificial intelligence in the Healthcare environment? Where shall technology direct us to?","authors":"Sirocchi Luca, Sirocchi Andrea, D. Giovanni","doi":"10.36017/jahc2202-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2202-06","url":null,"abstract":"Will medical radiologic technologists be replaced by sophisticated Software? Will they become robots? \u0000Will they become like the worker in the film “Modern Times” by Charlie Chaplin? This paper has the scope of evaluating the relation between medical radiologic technologists and “AI” (artificial intelligence in medical radiology).\u0000The figure of radiological technologist has a great importance for the necessary collaboration in the environment of a ward where there are great responsibilities from a medical and legal point of view. The Technician is responsible for carrying out the examination correctly: therefore, the level of qualified skills of the technologist is value added. As a matter of fact in the light of working at full capacity and the pressing requirements of the doctors of the wards, the technologist represents, especially in hospital structures not linked to universities, the most valid assistant for medical radiologists. Their ability of identifying anomalies compared to the norm during the examinations, allows to direct the doctor towards a correct preparation and, consequently, interpretation of the examination which is being performed.\u0000We believe that the introduction of Artificial Intelligence in diagnostic imaging does not absolutely hinder the figure of the medical radiologic technologist.","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83592407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotechnology represents one of the emerging technologies used in recent years in a more or less widespread way in the world of research, study and work, and especially in the latter sector the risks associated with the production and use of nanomaterials are still largely unknown. To date, there is a substantial imbalance of knowledge between the application of nanotechnologies and their impact on health; the information currently available on the health effects and risk assessment of nanomaterials in the workplace is limited; systematic methodologies to assess exposure are not yet known and, given the intensive and highly diversified use of nanomaterials by industry in recent years, it is difficult to estimate the number of workers exposed and the effects on their health. It is well known that the research and development activity currently underway in the nanotech sector, both at public and private level, covers a wide spectrum of thematic areas such as chemistry and materials (structural and functional), nanoelectronics and photonics, bio(nano)sciences, medical and instrumentation. The potential application effects concern fundamental productive sectors ranging from pharmaceuticals and development of electromedical devices, to cosmetics, electronics and information technology, from transport to environment and energy, but also sectors that typically involve small and medium-sized enterprises, such as textiles and fashion, footwear, food, construction materials, advanced mechanics and the preservation of cultural heritage. The healthcare sector is not exempt from being affected by nanotechnology as well, and this generally poses a greater risk for worker exposure to nanomaterials within its work and professional settings. Specifically, nanotechnology and nanomaterials in healthcare, with their applications can certainly offer significant advantages, for example techniques and approaches of miniaturization through chemical synthesis and control of molecular assembly which represent indispensable opportunities in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, although there are still ongoing studies and research in this area, the field of nanotechnology is developing faster than the generation of knowledge on health and safety aspects of nanomaterials. Living and working environments, in fact, can be exposed during all stages of the entire production cycle of substances in nanoform: during production, transport and storage, or during use and disposal. However, the lack of information on the behavior of nanomaterials in the environment makes it difficult to assess their risks in different sectors. The present research work aims to explicate the areas of development of nanotechnologies, and to explain how workers might encounter nanomaterials in their workplaces when performing their daily activities. There will be a focus on exposure from nanomaterials, on the assessment and management of potential risks of these new forms of mat
{"title":"The nanotechnologies: Applications and management of the new risks for the health of the workers","authors":"De Marco Cosimo","doi":"10.36017/jahc2202-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2202-05","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology represents one of the emerging technologies used in recent years in a more or less widespread way in the world of research, study and work, and especially in the latter sector the risks associated with the production and use of nanomaterials are still largely unknown. To date, there is a substantial imbalance of knowledge between the application of nanotechnologies and their impact on health; the information currently available on the health effects and risk assessment of nanomaterials in the workplace is limited; systematic methodologies to assess exposure are not yet known and, given the intensive and highly diversified use of nanomaterials by industry in recent years, it is difficult to estimate the number of workers exposed and the effects on their health.\u0000It is well known that the research and development activity currently underway in the nanotech sector, both at public and private level, covers a wide spectrum of thematic areas such as chemistry and materials (structural and functional), nanoelectronics and photonics, bio(nano)sciences, medical and instrumentation. The potential application effects concern fundamental productive sectors ranging from pharmaceuticals and development of electromedical devices, to cosmetics, electronics and information technology, from transport to environment and energy, but also sectors that typically involve small and medium-sized enterprises, such as textiles and fashion, footwear, food, construction materials, advanced mechanics and the preservation of cultural heritage. The healthcare sector is not exempt from being affected by nanotechnology as well, and this generally poses a greater risk for worker exposure to nanomaterials within its work and professional settings. Specifically, nanotechnology and nanomaterials in healthcare, with their applications can certainly offer significant advantages, for example techniques and approaches of miniaturization through chemical synthesis and control of molecular assembly which represent indispensable opportunities in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, although there are still ongoing studies and research in this area, the field of nanotechnology is developing faster than the generation of knowledge on health and safety aspects of nanomaterials. Living and working environments, in fact, can be exposed during all stages of the entire production cycle of substances in nanoform: during production, transport and storage, or during use and disposal.\u0000However, the lack of information on the behavior of nanomaterials in the environment makes it difficult to assess their risks in different sectors. \u0000The present research work aims to explicate the areas of development of nanotechnologies, and to explain how workers might encounter nanomaterials in their workplaces when performing their daily activities.\u0000There will be a focus on exposure from nanomaterials, on the assessment and management of potential risks of these new forms of mat","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"95 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75926710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims to describe in a detailed way the logopedic intervention made on a young patient affected by Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorders (PBD). In particular, the focus is the relationship between the two affected senses: sight and hearing. Our patient is a 10-year-old female with an early onset Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) and a mild cognitive impairment. The child has been precociously prothesized with a good prosthetic outcome and underwent both speech therapy and neuro-psychomotor therapy. A stability in her hearing abilities was detected, but the growing visual impairment was accompanied by a deficiency of attention abilities, of visual perception abilities and of visual-motor integration.
{"title":"Role of speech therapy training in a young patient affected by severe sensorineural hearing loss and concomitant visual impairment","authors":"Vallefuoco Maria Lorenza, Tozzi Elvira","doi":"10.36017/jahc2202-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2202-03","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to describe in a detailed way the logopedic intervention made on a young patient affected by Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorders (PBD). In particular, the focus is the relationship between the two affected senses: sight and hearing. Our patient is a 10-year-old female with an early onset Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) and a mild cognitive impairment. The child has been precociously prothesized with a good prosthetic outcome and underwent both speech therapy and neuro-psychomotor therapy. A stability in her hearing abilities was detected, but the growing visual impairment was accompanied by a deficiency of attention abilities, of visual perception abilities and of visual-motor integration.","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84079895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative pathology, which selectively affects motor neurons of the motor cortex, brain stem and spinal cord, which involves progressive muscle atrophy and weakening of skeletal muscles, spasticity and pyramidal signs, dysarthria, dysphagia and dyspnea. The routine, the normal daily life is completely altered and the impact does not only concern the patient, but the entire personal environment of the patient. In fact, the problems that arise gradually lead the patient to not be able to make any movement in an active and voluntary way and to no longer be able to express himself through verbal communication. Inevitably these deficit aspects also involve the participation and autonomy of the subject, which are increasingly limited in time. The aim of the following study is to demonstrate the validity of the technology as a useful tool for maintaining autonomy in ALS patients. The evaluation, choice and supply of technological devices customized according to the individual needs of the user and his physical and social environment is, in most cases, the most useful and functional solution to improve the quality of life of the patient and those around him. Tools such as electronic wheelchairs and/or eye-controlled communicators can increase the autonomy and participation of the individual, reducing the care burden and allowing the expression of needs, thoughts, social roles and future wills.
{"title":"Technology to support autonomy in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","authors":"Masiello Paola","doi":"10.36017/jahc2202-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2202-02","url":null,"abstract":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative pathology, which selectively affects motor neurons of the motor cortex, brain stem and spinal cord, which involves progressive muscle atrophy and weakening of skeletal muscles, spasticity and pyramidal signs, dysarthria, dysphagia and dyspnea. The routine, the normal daily life is completely altered and the impact does not only concern the patient, but the entire personal environment of the patient. In fact, the problems that arise gradually lead the patient to not be able to make any movement in an active and voluntary way and to no longer be able to express himself through verbal communication. Inevitably these deficit aspects also involve the participation and autonomy of the subject, which are increasingly limited in time. The aim of the following study is to demonstrate the validity of the technology as a useful tool for maintaining autonomy in ALS patients. The evaluation, choice and supply of technological devices customized according to the individual needs of the user and his physical and social environment is, in most cases, the most useful and functional solution to improve the quality of life of the patient and those around him. Tools such as electronic wheelchairs and/or eye-controlled communicators can increase the autonomy and participation of the individual, reducing the care burden and allowing the expression of needs, thoughts, social roles and future wills.","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78878673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groin pain is a very common issue in professional and non-professional athletes. The complexity of the rehabilitation approach is due to the number of anatomical structures that can be involved, and the multifactorial cause of GrP. Objective: To verify, through a narrative review of the literature, the role of the Active Training programme (AT) and Multi Modal Treatment program (MMT) in the conservative treatment of GrP. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out by a single operator through a review of the literature of the last 25 years in databases such as Medline, Pubmed and PEDro. Only RCTs with a minimum score of 5/10 in the PEDro Scale were included. The research started in March 2021 and ended in May 2021. Results: 75 scientific articles were obtained from an initial research,. After removing duplicates and reading title and abstracts, 4 studies were selected and reviewed. The first study aims to test the effectiveness of TA compared to passive treatment. In the second and third AT is compared with MTM. The fourth study looked at the long-term effectiveness of TA. Conclusion: According to the analysed studies, the integration of different conservative treatment approaches such as AT and MMT is the best option for appropriate management. However, the small number of available literature is a limit in transferring the evidence noticed in the clinic.
{"title":"The role of active training programme and passive physiotherapy treatment in athletes with groin pain: literature review","authors":"Collebrusco Luca, Marcelli Giacomo","doi":"10.36017/jahc2202-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2202-01","url":null,"abstract":"Groin pain is a very common issue in professional and non-professional athletes. The complexity of the rehabilitation approach is due to the number of anatomical structures that can be involved, and the multifactorial cause of GrP. Objective: To verify, through a narrative review of the literature, the role of the Active Training programme (AT) and Multi Modal Treatment program (MMT) in the conservative treatment of GrP. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out by a single operator through a review of the literature of the last 25 years in databases such as Medline, Pubmed and PEDro. Only RCTs with a minimum score of 5/10 in the PEDro Scale were included. The research started in March 2021 and ended in May 2021. Results: 75 scientific articles were obtained from an initial research,. After removing duplicates and reading title and abstracts, 4 studies were selected and reviewed. The first study aims to test the effectiveness of TA compared to passive treatment. In the second and third AT is compared with MTM. The fourth study looked at the long-term effectiveness of TA. Conclusion: According to the analysed studies, the integration of different conservative treatment approaches such as AT and MMT is the best option for appropriate management. However, the small number of available literature is a limit in transferring the evidence noticed in the clinic.","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84032179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Francesco, Strianese Valentina, Finelli Mirko, Grazioli Fabio, Inglese Luigi Antonio, Ungaro Gaetano
Cerebrovascular diseases are abnormalities of the intracranial vascular system, affecting its ability to carry blood to the brain. The pathogenesis of many of these begins in the wall of the vessel and actual imaging techniques are not able to visualize the vascular wall. Moreover, perfusion imaging techniques do not provide adequate information on the differentiation, onset or progression of the disease. Recently, imaging of vessel walls with magnetic resonance imaging (VWI) allowed to visualize sub-millimeter structures of the arterial wall, emerging as a valuable technique for understanding and evaluating cerebrovascular diseases. Localization of the lesion and characteristic aspects with contrast medium provide therefore new information on the inflammatory etiology of cerebrovascular diseases, such as intracranial steno-occlusive disease, identification of atherosclerotic plaques, localization of vessel pathology in areas with minimal or zero waist to luminal imaging and stability of the aneurysm allowing early diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, intracranial vessel wall (VW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been an exponential increase in popularity and clinical applicability. However, increasing evidence shows that also the intracranial atherosclerosis might be a potential cause of ischemic stroke, focusing the toward the imaging of the intracranial vasculature. The following descriptive study has been carried out on some patients of the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, using a 3-T MR. This study describes the effectiveness of the magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in cerebrovascular diseases.
脑血管疾病是颅内血管系统的异常，影响其向大脑输送血液的能力。其中许多的发病机制始于血管壁，而实际的成像技术无法可视化血管壁。此外，灌注成像技术不能提供关于疾病的分化、发病或进展的充分信息。最近，利用磁共振成像(VWI)对血管壁进行成像，可以看到动脉壁的亚毫米结构，成为了解和评估脑血管疾病的一种有价值的技术。因此，病灶的定位和造影剂的特征方面为脑血管疾病的炎症病因提供了新的信息，如颅内狭窄闭塞性疾病、动脉粥样硬化斑块的识别、在最小或零腰腔成像区域的血管病理定位以及动脉瘤的稳定性，从而允许早期诊断和治疗。近年来，颅内血管壁(VW)磁共振(MR)成像的普及程度和临床适用性呈指数级增长。然而，越来越多的证据表明颅内动脉粥样硬化也可能是缺血性脑卒中的潜在原因，这使得颅内血管成像成为人们关注的焦点。本文使用3-T mr对“San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d 'Aragona”大学医院的部分患者进行了描述性研究。本研究描述了磁共振血管壁成像在脑血管疾病中的有效性。
{"title":"Magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in cerebrovascular diseases","authors":"D. Francesco, Strianese Valentina, Finelli Mirko, Grazioli Fabio, Inglese Luigi Antonio, Ungaro Gaetano","doi":"10.36017/jahc2201-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2201-06","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebrovascular diseases are abnormalities of the intracranial vascular system, affecting its ability to carry blood to the brain. The pathogenesis of many of these begins in the wall of the vessel and actual imaging techniques are not able to visualize the vascular wall. Moreover, perfusion imaging techniques do not provide adequate information on the differentiation, onset or progression of the disease. Recently, imaging of vessel walls with magnetic resonance imaging (VWI) allowed to visualize sub-millimeter structures of the arterial wall, emerging as a valuable technique for understanding and evaluating cerebrovascular diseases. Localization of the lesion and characteristic aspects with contrast medium provide therefore new information on the inflammatory etiology of cerebrovascular diseases, such as intracranial steno-occlusive disease, identification of atherosclerotic plaques, localization of vessel pathology in areas with minimal or zero waist to luminal imaging and stability of the aneurysm allowing early diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, intracranial vessel wall (VW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been an exponential increase in popularity and clinical applicability. However, increasing evidence shows that also the intracranial atherosclerosis might be a potential cause of ischemic stroke, focusing the toward the imaging of the intracranial vasculature. The following descriptive study has been carried out on some patients of the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, using a 3-T MR. This study describes the effectiveness of the magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in cerebrovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77971001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is one of the most widely used evaluation methods for studying the effects of different programs on the allocation of resources and the well-being of the involved agents. Therefore, it is possible to assess the cost-effectiveness of a PACS by analysing the relationship between costs and savings. A complete digitalization of the radiology acquisition, reporting and archiving process leads to a significant improvement in the quality of reporting, allowing the radiologist to intervene directly on the image display, making it faster and more accurate. The savings resulting from the implementation of the PACS can only be appreciated after some time; they take the form of a reduction in the running costs of the Diagnostic Imaging Service, above all due to the lower consumption of X-ray films. Secondly, there is a reduction in the number of staff employed in activities related to film processing and the redistribution of the space required for archives. A proper financial plan and a dilution of the required investment over several years allow an improvement of the systems to be achieved without increasing the costs for the company.
{"title":"Adoption of a RIS-PACS system in a hospital: cost-benefit analysis","authors":"Deri Emilia, Grazioli Fabio","doi":"10.36017/jahc2201-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2201-05","url":null,"abstract":"Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is one of the most widely used evaluation methods for studying the effects of different programs on the allocation of resources and the well-being of the involved agents. Therefore, it is possible to assess the cost-effectiveness of a PACS by analysing the relationship between costs and savings. A complete digitalization of the radiology acquisition, reporting and archiving process leads to a significant improvement in the quality of reporting, allowing the radiologist to intervene directly on the image display, making it faster and more accurate. The savings resulting from the implementation of the PACS can only be appreciated after some time; they take the form of a reduction in the running costs of the Diagnostic Imaging Service, above all due to the lower consumption of X-ray films. Secondly, there is a reduction in the number of staff employed in activities related to film processing and the redistribution of the space required for archives. A proper financial plan and a dilution of the required investment over several years allow an improvement of the systems to be achieved without increasing the costs for the company.","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82079553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical geology is defined as the science that deals with the relationship between geology and health in humans, animals, and plants (Skinner and Berger, 2003; Selinus et al., 2005, 2010; Florinsky 2010; Centeno et al., 2016). While medical geology can be recognized as having distinct links to geomedicine, an emerging field that focuses on geographic location and environment into account when studying individual and public health, and should be distinguished from medical geography, which has slightly different meaning and application. Medical geography is concerned solely with the geographic distribution of disease without focusing on the underlying geological basis of health factors; it examines the causal associations between specific diseases and physical and social environments (Foster, 2002). Medical geology, a complex and emerging field, requires a multidisciplinary approach using a wide variety of specialists ranging from geologists, health specialists, physicians, veterinarians, and biologists.
医学地质学被定义为研究地质学与人类、动物和植物健康之间关系的科学(Skinner and Berger, 2003;Selinus et al.， 2005,2010;Florinsky 2010;Centeno et al.， 2016)。医学地质学是一个新兴领域，在研究个人和公共健康时，注重地理位置和环境，应与医学地理学区分开来，因为医学地理学的意义和应用略有不同。医学地理学只关注疾病的地理分布，而不关注健康因素的潜在地质基础;它审查了特定疾病与物理和社会环境之间的因果关系(Foster, 2002年)。医学地质学是一个复杂的新兴领域，需要多学科的方法，使用地质学家、卫生专家、医生、兽医和生物学家等各种各样的专家。
{"title":"A closer look at the historical progress and various applications of medical geology in Italy","authors":"Somma Renato, C. Rodolfo, Tadeo Fabio, V. Paolo","doi":"10.36017/jahc2201-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2201-04","url":null,"abstract":"Medical geology is defined as the science that deals with the relationship between geology and health in humans, animals, and plants (Skinner and Berger, 2003; Selinus et al., 2005, 2010; Florinsky 2010; Centeno et al., 2016). While medical geology can be recognized as having distinct links to geomedicine, an emerging field that focuses on geographic location and environment into account when studying individual and public health, and should be distinguished from medical geography, which has slightly different meaning and application. Medical geography is concerned solely with the geographic distribution of disease without focusing on the underlying geological basis of health factors; it examines the causal associations between specific diseases and physical and social environments (Foster, 2002). Medical geology, a complex and emerging field, requires a multidisciplinary approach using a wide variety of specialists ranging from geologists, health specialists, physicians, veterinarians, and biologists.","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87819134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to illustrate the principles and advantages of the modern technique of Parallel Imaging (PI), Wave-CAIPI. Wave-CAIPI applies two sinusoidal gradients, Gy and Gz, during frequency encoding, with a phase shift of one quarter of a full cycle. In combination with the 2D-CAPIRINHA effect, the result is the origin of sinusoidal waves, staggered between them, that incur in "corkscrew" trajectories inside the k-space, that cross the layers, "slices per slice". The result is reduced acquisition times (Tacq), with an "aliasing" well distributed over all three dimensions of space, and an adequate signal/noise ratio (SNR). In the literature, scientific studies have shown a greater efficiency of the Wave-CAIPI than the 2D-CAIPI and GRAPPA methods. In fact, compared to a 2D-CAIPI with equal acceleration factor (R) and Tacq, the SNR is greater, thanks to geometric factor values (g) almost perfect. Similarly, compared to the GRAPPA technique, with the same number of coils channels and R, lower Tacq are described. Among the techniques of PI, the Wave-CAIPI is a technique that allows an effective acceleration of Tacq maintaining an adequate SNR, a fundamental prerequisite for clinical applications and research, in particular in the field of Neuro-MRI.
{"title":"Recent advances in Parallel Imaging for MRI: Wave-CAIPI technique","authors":"Curatolo Calogero","doi":"10.36017/jahc2201-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2201-03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to illustrate the principles and advantages of the modern technique of Parallel Imaging (PI), Wave-CAIPI. Wave-CAIPI applies two sinusoidal gradients, Gy and Gz, during frequency encoding, with a phase shift of one quarter of a full cycle. In combination with the 2D-CAPIRINHA effect, the result is the origin of sinusoidal waves, staggered between them, that incur in \"corkscrew\" trajectories inside the k-space, that cross the layers, \"slices per slice\". The result is reduced acquisition times (Tacq), with an \"aliasing\" well distributed over all three dimensions of space, and an adequate signal/noise ratio (SNR). In the literature, scientific studies have shown a greater efficiency of the Wave-CAIPI than the 2D-CAIPI and GRAPPA methods. In fact, compared to a 2D-CAIPI with equal acceleration factor (R) and Tacq, the SNR is greater, thanks to geometric factor values (g) almost perfect. Similarly, compared to the GRAPPA technique, with the same number of coils channels and R, lower Tacq are described. Among the techniques of PI, the Wave-CAIPI is a technique that allows an effective acceleration of Tacq maintaining an adequate SNR, a fundamental prerequisite for clinical applications and research, in particular in the field of Neuro-MRI.","PeriodicalId":14873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Health Care","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84108033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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