The study aimed to establish a bioassay for total bioactivity of Atractylodeslancea (AL) in human serum samples. Inhibition of bacterial growth (Staphylococcusaureus ATCC 25923) was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The calibration curve (0, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 2.56, and 50 ng/μl) was linear with correlation coefficients >0.990. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.66 mg/ml using 20-ml serum sample. The developed bioassay method meets the standard of the bioanalytical method for determination of serum bioactivity of AL.
{"title":"Bioassay for total serum bioactivity of <i>Atractylodes lancea</i>.","authors":"Kesara Na-Bangchang, Anurak Cheoymang, Nadda Muhamad, Inthuon Kulma","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_431_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_431_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to establish a bioassay for total bioactivity of <i>Atractylodes</i> <i>lancea</i> (AL) in human serum samples. Inhibition of bacterial growth (<i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> ATCC 25923) was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The calibration curve (0, 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 2.56, and 50 ng/μl) was linear with correlation coefficients >0.990. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.66 mg/ml using 20-ml serum sample. The developed bioassay method meets the standard of the bioanalytical method for determination of serum bioactivity of AL.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/f0/JAPTR-14-51.PMC10026330.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9159697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-01-20DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_508_22
Najdat Bahjat Mahdi
Staphylococcus aureus resides naturally in the nasal cavity of healthy individuals, including those working in restaurants, so they may be a source for spreading this bacterium to restaurant customers directly or indirectly through cooked meals. This bacterium has several virulence factors enabling it to cause many diseases in different parts of the body. It has also the capability to resist conventional antibiotics including methicillin. To investigate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 170 nasal swabs were collected from food preparation workers in 30 restaurants (5-6 workers in each restaurant) in Kirkuk city. After collection, the samples were directly transferred to the laboratory and cultured on selective media like mannitol salt agar (MSA). Microbiological examination including morphological, biochemical, and confirmatory tests showed that 24/170 of collected samples were positive for S. aureus with a rate of 14.12%. Among 24 isolates, 20 (83.3%) belonged to MRSA. All isolates were resistant to oxacillin and penicillin (100%), whereas sensitive to other antibiotics (gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin). Polymerase chain reaction exhibited that 13 (65%) of MRSA isolates have toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene and only 4 (20%) have Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene.
{"title":"Prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 genes in methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from nose of restaurant workers in Kirkuk city.","authors":"Najdat Bahjat Mahdi","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_508_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_508_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> resides naturally in the nasal cavity of healthy individuals, including those working in restaurants, so they may be a source for spreading this bacterium to restaurant customers directly or indirectly through cooked meals. This bacterium has several virulence factors enabling it to cause many diseases in different parts of the body. It has also the capability to resist conventional antibiotics including methicillin. To investigate methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA), 170 nasal swabs were collected from food preparation workers in 30 restaurants (5-6 workers in each restaurant) in Kirkuk city. After collection, the samples were directly transferred to the laboratory and cultured on selective media like mannitol salt agar (MSA). Microbiological examination including morphological, biochemical, and confirmatory tests showed that 24/170 of collected samples were positive for <i>S. aureus</i> with a rate of 14.12%. Among 24 isolates, 20 (83.3%) belonged to MRSA. All isolates were resistant to oxacillin and penicillin (100%), whereas sensitive to other antibiotics (gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin). Polymerase chain reaction exhibited that 13 (65%) of MRSA isolates have toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene and only 4 (20%) have Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/59/JAPTR-14-34.PMC10026320.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9159705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-01-20DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_520_22
T R Teuku Husni, Darmawi Darmawi, Azwar Azwar, Kurnia Fitri Jamil
Chromolaenaodorata is an invasive plant with a broad spectrum of medicinal properties, including wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of the already identified bioactive phytoconstituents from ethanolic extracts of C.odorata leaves with two angiogenesis-related proteins - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in silico. A molecular docking protocol was performed on AutoDock Vina employing the molecular structure of VEGF (3HNG) and COX-2 (3LN1) downloaded from the Protein Data Bank. The results reveal that most of the phytoconstituents possess strong binding affinity, where β-tocopherol and squalene have the highest values. In conclusion, it is highly possible that the phytoconstituents of C.odorata from the ethanolic leaf extract perform an interaction with VEGF and COX-2 and affect their activities.
{"title":"Bioactive phytoconstituents of ethanolic extract from <i>Chromolaena odorata</i> leaves interact with vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2: A molecular docking study.","authors":"T R Teuku Husni, Darmawi Darmawi, Azwar Azwar, Kurnia Fitri Jamil","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_520_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_520_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chromolaena</i> <i>odorata</i> is an invasive plant with a broad spectrum of medicinal properties, including wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of the already identified bioactive phytoconstituents from ethanolic extracts of <i>C.</i> <i>odorata</i> leaves with two angiogenesis-related proteins - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) <i>in silico</i>. A molecular docking protocol was performed on AutoDock Vina employing the molecular structure of VEGF (3HNG) and COX-2 (3LN1) downloaded from the Protein Data Bank. The results reveal that most of the phytoconstituents possess strong binding affinity, where β-tocopherol and squalene have the highest values. In conclusion, it is highly possible that the phytoconstituents of <i>C.</i> <i>odorata</i> from the ethanolic leaf extract perform an interaction with VEGF and COX-2 and affect their activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/e9/JAPTR-14-29.PMC10026325.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9166599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitamin K can reduce warfarin’s anticoagulant action, causing a variance in response among individuals taking warfarin. Vitamin K comes in two forms, namely Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinones). Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is a kind of Vitamin K2 found in meat and dairy products. Analysis of MK-4 levels in human plasma is very useful for patients who receive warfarin therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be used for warfarin’s bioanalysis, and it must be validated. The purpose of this study was to validate the bioanalytical method for quantification of Vitamin K2 (MK-4) in human plasma according to the 2019 European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline. Vitamin K2 (MK-4) was extracted using acetonitrile. HPLC with an ultraviolet detector at 245 nm, using a T3 column set at 30°C and an isocratic mobile phase containing methanol: phosphate buffer (95:5) at pH 3, a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used in this study. The warfarin concentration of 0.5–3 µg/mL was used. About 5.50%–17.42% and 6.18%–8.74%, respectively, were the average ranges of percentage coefficient of variation and percentage difference. There was no response at the analyte’s retention time in the six blank plasmas and at the analyte’s retention time in the blank after the injection of upper limit of quantification, indicates that the procedure was very selective and did not result in any carryover. This bioanalytical method fulfills the parameters of selectivity, accuracy, precision, and carryover based on the 2019 EMA guidelines.
{"title":"Validation of bioanalytical method for quantification of Vitamin K2 (MK-4) in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet","authors":"FebrinaAmelia Saputri, NoriscaAliza Putriana, Taofik Rusdiana, Nurhanifah Puspitadewi, Driyanti Rahayu","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_139_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_139_23","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin K can reduce warfarin’s anticoagulant action, causing a variance in response among individuals taking warfarin. Vitamin K comes in two forms, namely Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinones). Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is a kind of Vitamin K2 found in meat and dairy products. Analysis of MK-4 levels in human plasma is very useful for patients who receive warfarin therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be used for warfarin’s bioanalysis, and it must be validated. The purpose of this study was to validate the bioanalytical method for quantification of Vitamin K2 (MK-4) in human plasma according to the 2019 European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline. Vitamin K2 (MK-4) was extracted using acetonitrile. HPLC with an ultraviolet detector at 245 nm, using a T3 column set at 30°C and an isocratic mobile phase containing methanol: phosphate buffer (95:5) at pH 3, a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used in this study. The warfarin concentration of 0.5–3 µg/mL was used. About 5.50%–17.42% and 6.18%–8.74%, respectively, were the average ranges of percentage coefficient of variation and percentage difference. There was no response at the analyte’s retention time in the six blank plasmas and at the analyte’s retention time in the blank after the injection of upper limit of quantification, indicates that the procedure was very selective and did not result in any carryover. This bioanalytical method fulfills the parameters of selectivity, accuracy, precision, and carryover based on the 2019 EMA guidelines.","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134887912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized using ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts in a green synthesis approach and evaluated their in vitro cytotoxicity effect on the MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line. The bottom-up approach was employed to develop the green-synthesized ginger-encapsulated ZnO-NPs (GZnO-NPs) without using hazardous substances. The most substantial Fourier-transform infrared absorption peak of the ginger root extract was seen at 1634.24 cm−1. The peak also confirmed the presence of ginger root extract-encapsulated ZnO-NPs at 1556.79, 1471.54, and 1019.83 cm−1. It indicates that the biomolecules found in plant extracts behave as capping agents, aiding in the formation of nanoparticles. The mean particle sizes (PSs) of optimized GZnO-NPs of the ratios 1:2 were found to be 104.01 ± 7.12 nm with a zeta potential of −11.5 ± 1.31 mV. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed that the prepared nanoparticles were spherical and crystalline, with PS ranging from 100 to 150 nm. The GZnO-NPs were subjected to MTT assay and cellular migration potential, and it was found that the inhibitory concentration on the MDA-MB 231 (breast) cancer cell line and scratch area showed a dose-dependent efficacy. The successfully green-synthesized GZnO-NPs effectively induced cell death in the MDA-MB 231 cancer cell line. The scratch assay results confirmed that prepared GZnO-NPs inhibited the proliferation and migration of cancerous cells.
{"title":"Green synthesis of ginger-encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles: Unveiling their characterization and selective cytotoxicity on MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells","authors":"AshokKumar Janakiraman, LobnaShakir Abed Al-Suwayyid, Sharmanee Thiagarajah, Baskaran Gunasekaran, Kushagra Khanna, Abhishek Kumar, JamalMoideen Muthu Mohamed, LingShing Wong","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_313_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_313_23","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized using ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts in a green synthesis approach and evaluated their in vitro cytotoxicity effect on the MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line. The bottom-up approach was employed to develop the green-synthesized ginger-encapsulated ZnO-NPs (GZnO-NPs) without using hazardous substances. The most substantial Fourier-transform infrared absorption peak of the ginger root extract was seen at 1634.24 cm−1. The peak also confirmed the presence of ginger root extract-encapsulated ZnO-NPs at 1556.79, 1471.54, and 1019.83 cm−1. It indicates that the biomolecules found in plant extracts behave as capping agents, aiding in the formation of nanoparticles. The mean particle sizes (PSs) of optimized GZnO-NPs of the ratios 1:2 were found to be 104.01 ± 7.12 nm with a zeta potential of −11.5 ± 1.31 mV. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed that the prepared nanoparticles were spherical and crystalline, with PS ranging from 100 to 150 nm. The GZnO-NPs were subjected to MTT assay and cellular migration potential, and it was found that the inhibitory concentration on the MDA-MB 231 (breast) cancer cell line and scratch area showed a dose-dependent efficacy. The successfully green-synthesized GZnO-NPs effectively induced cell death in the MDA-MB 231 cancer cell line. The scratch assay results confirmed that prepared GZnO-NPs inhibited the proliferation and migration of cancerous cells.","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134887913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chemoprevention Curcumin Analog-1.1 (CCA-1.1) and Pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1) in vivo and in vitro in colorectal cancer model. CCA-1.1 or PGV-1 was administered orally to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rats for 16 weeks. The cytotoxicity of both compounds was tested on Caco-2, CT26, and NIH/3T3 cells using the MTT method. The cell cycle, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed through flow cytometry. X-gal staining was used to examine the compound’s effect on senescence. Oral co-administration of CCA-1.1 or PGV-1 significantly suppressed the carcinogenic characteristics and symptoms of premalignant colon cancer relative to DMH-only and untreated groups. CCA-1.1 and PGV-1 administration did not affect the blood profile. CCA-1.1 and PGV-1 demonstrated great cytotoxicity on Caco-2 and CT26 cells, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 4.3 ± 0.2 and 3.1 ± 0.1 µM for CCA-1.1 and 11.2 ± 1.1 and 4.8 ± 0.1 µM for PGV-1, respectively, while not toxic against fibroblast cells. Both compounds instigated G2/M arrest and efficiently induced cell senescence and apoptosis. Moreover, these analogs selectively elevated oxidative stress in colon cancer cells without inducing noticeable changes in fibroblasts. In conclusion, PGV-1 and CCA-1.1 suppressed colorectal tumor formation and induced mitotic arrest.
{"title":"Tumour-suppressive effects of curcumin analogs CCA-1.1 and Pentagamavunone-1 in colon cancer: In vivo and in vitro studies","authors":"Edy Meiyanto, Febri Wulandari, Muthi Ikawati, Sitarina Widyarini, Mitsunori Kirihata, Dhania Novitasari, Jun-ya Kato","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_315_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_315_23","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chemoprevention Curcumin Analog-1.1 (CCA-1.1) and Pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1) in vivo and in vitro in colorectal cancer model. CCA-1.1 or PGV-1 was administered orally to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rats for 16 weeks. The cytotoxicity of both compounds was tested on Caco-2, CT26, and NIH/3T3 cells using the MTT method. The cell cycle, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed through flow cytometry. X-gal staining was used to examine the compound’s effect on senescence. Oral co-administration of CCA-1.1 or PGV-1 significantly suppressed the carcinogenic characteristics and symptoms of premalignant colon cancer relative to DMH-only and untreated groups. CCA-1.1 and PGV-1 administration did not affect the blood profile. CCA-1.1 and PGV-1 demonstrated great cytotoxicity on Caco-2 and CT26 cells, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 4.3 ± 0.2 and 3.1 ± 0.1 µM for CCA-1.1 and 11.2 ± 1.1 and 4.8 ± 0.1 µM for PGV-1, respectively, while not toxic against fibroblast cells. Both compounds instigated G2/M arrest and efficiently induced cell senescence and apoptosis. Moreover, these analogs selectively elevated oxidative stress in colon cancer cells without inducing noticeable changes in fibroblasts. In conclusion, PGV-1 and CCA-1.1 suppressed colorectal tumor formation and induced mitotic arrest.","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134888002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_79_23
Javedh Shareef, AhmadIsmail Abu Nawa, PadmaGuru Madhav Rao, AinUr Rashid
Efficacious use of antimicrobial agents (AMAs) is paramount to combat a wide range of infections, ensure patient safety, and reduce antimicrobial resistance. To assess the drug utilization patterns of AMAs in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases in a secondary care hospital. A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months in the internal medicine department. Data were collected, antimicrobial prescription patterns were screened, and drug utilization was assessed using the anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose methodology. Furthermore, predictors of the prescription of multiple AMAs were also analyzed. A total of 146 patient case records were reviewed and 285 AMAs were prescribed during the study period with a mean patient age of 54.2 ± 24.4 years. The average number of antimicrobials administered per patient was 1.94 ± 0.94. Respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection were the common indications, and penicillins were the most prescribed class of AMAs. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of comorbidities (P < 0.05) and longer hospital stays (P < 0.0001) increased the likelihood of prescribing multiple AMAs. The study provides insight into the pattern of prescribing of AMAs which help to improve the quality of care. Prescribing AMAs by generics and from the hospital formulary list according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization is a good sign of clinical practice. The study signifies the need to continuously monitor AMAs to optimize drug therapy and enhance the quality of drug use in clinical practice.
{"title":"Assessment of drug utilization pattern of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients with Infectious Diseases: A cross-sectional study in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Javedh Shareef, AhmadIsmail Abu Nawa, PadmaGuru Madhav Rao, AinUr Rashid","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_79_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_79_23","url":null,"abstract":"Efficacious use of antimicrobial agents (AMAs) is paramount to combat a wide range of infections, ensure patient safety, and reduce antimicrobial resistance. To assess the drug utilization patterns of AMAs in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases in a secondary care hospital. A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months in the internal medicine department. Data were collected, antimicrobial prescription patterns were screened, and drug utilization was assessed using the anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose methodology. Furthermore, predictors of the prescription of multiple AMAs were also analyzed. A total of 146 patient case records were reviewed and 285 AMAs were prescribed during the study period with a mean patient age of 54.2 ± 24.4 years. The average number of antimicrobials administered per patient was 1.94 ± 0.94. Respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection were the common indications, and penicillins were the most prescribed class of AMAs. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of comorbidities (P < 0.05) and longer hospital stays (P < 0.0001) increased the likelihood of prescribing multiple AMAs. The study provides insight into the pattern of prescribing of AMAs which help to improve the quality of care. Prescribing AMAs by generics and from the hospital formulary list according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization is a good sign of clinical practice. The study signifies the need to continuously monitor AMAs to optimize drug therapy and enhance the quality of drug use in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134888030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_262_22
Kiran Srinivas, S Balaji Ganesh, S Jayalakshmi
The surface area determination has a vital role in measuring the properties of liquid and solid substances. Fluoride is a potent remineralizing agent of the teeth. The surface area is measured using a goniometer. The main aim of this study is to estimate the wettability of topical fluoride gel on the anterior and posterior teeth surfaces. Topical acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was taken in small quantities. Anterior and posterior teeth were collected, and their superficial unaltered enamel sections were used as the surface where the contact angle (CA) is determined. The surface wettability is determined using Ossila goniometer to measure CA. Each stage was mounted on a mechanical stage of the goniometer. A calibrated microsyringe was used to dispense drops of the APF gel over the surface of the specimen Group A (anterior tooth cut section) and Group B (posterior tooth cut section). This procedure is repeated for all specimen samples. The mean of CAs of the anterior teeth (88.41°) was greater when compared with the mean of posterior teeth (80.36°) CA. P value found using the paired t-test of SPSS software is found to be 0.271 (>0.05), hence statistically not significant. The greater the CA, the lower is the degree of wettability on the teeth surfaces. The mean CA of the topical fluoride APF gel on the anterior tooth surface is greater when compared to the posterior tooth surface. This signifies that greater wettability is seen on posterior tooth surfaces.
{"title":"Estimation of wettability of topical fluoride gel on anterior and posterior teeth: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Kiran Srinivas, S Balaji Ganesh, S Jayalakshmi","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_262_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_262_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surface area determination has a vital role in measuring the properties of liquid and solid substances. Fluoride is a potent remineralizing agent of the teeth. The surface area is measured using a goniometer. The main aim of this study is to estimate the wettability of topical fluoride gel on the anterior and posterior teeth surfaces. Topical acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was taken in small quantities. Anterior and posterior teeth were collected, and their superficial unaltered enamel sections were used as the surface where the contact angle (CA) is determined. The surface wettability is determined using Ossila goniometer to measure CA. Each stage was mounted on a mechanical stage of the goniometer. A calibrated microsyringe was used to dispense drops of the APF gel over the surface of the specimen Group A (anterior tooth cut section) and Group B (posterior tooth cut section). This procedure is repeated for all specimen samples. The mean of CAs of the anterior teeth (88.41°) was greater when compared with the mean of posterior teeth (80.36°) CA. <i>P</i> value found using the paired <i>t</i>-test of SPSS software is found to be 0.271 (>0.05), hence statistically not significant. The greater the CA, the lower is the degree of wettability on the teeth surfaces. The mean CA of the topical fluoride APF gel on the anterior tooth surface is greater when compared to the posterior tooth surface. This signifies that greater wettability is seen on posterior tooth surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/37/JAPTR-13-462.PMC9926610.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9237257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_154_22
T Sarva Sri, Nivethigaa Balakrishnan, Swapna Sreenivasagan, B Nivethigaa
The current study's objective is to learn more about how patients, depending on their gender, perceive, feel, and know about orthodontic therapy.There was a cross-sectional survey among 100 patients to evaluate their knowledge and attitude toward orthodontic treatment. The questionnaire was prepared and circulated among patients using online google forms. The online responses were collected and tabulation of the data was done in excel sheets. Data was analysed using statistical software. Chi square test to compare the association of gender and patients knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment. In the current study 53% of the study population had visited an orthodontist. 79.6% of the patients are conscious that their teeth can be aligned properly by an orthodontist. 73.5% think that teeth should be properly positioned for a better facial appearance. According to the findings in the present study, it is evident that there is awareness and understanding regarding the orthodontic treatment among patients.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and awareness toward orthodontic treatment among patients: A questionnaire survey.","authors":"T Sarva Sri, Nivethigaa Balakrishnan, Swapna Sreenivasagan, B Nivethigaa","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_154_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_154_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study's objective is to learn more about how patients, depending on their gender, perceive, feel, and know about orthodontic therapy.There was a cross-sectional survey among 100 patients to evaluate their knowledge and attitude toward orthodontic treatment. The questionnaire was prepared and circulated among patients using online google forms. The online responses were collected and tabulation of the data was done in excel sheets. Data was analysed using statistical software. Chi square test to compare the association of gender and patients knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment. In the current study 53% of the study population had visited an orthodontist. 79.6% of the patients are conscious that their teeth can be aligned properly by an orthodontist. 73.5% think that teeth should be properly positioned for a better facial appearance. According to the findings in the present study, it is evident that there is awareness and understanding regarding the orthodontic treatment among patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/f7/JAPTR-13-578.PMC9926597.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_382_22
M Dhakshinya, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, R Gayathri, S Kavitha
The aim is to create awareness about Patterson syndrome among dental students. Patterson-Stevenson-Fontaine syndrome is a very rare condition marked by irregular facial bone and tissue growth (mandibulofacial dysostosis) as well as limb abnormalities. A recessed jaw (retrognathism), cleft palate, and external ear defects are all possible symptoms of this disorder. A total of 112 undergraduate dental students participated in a longitudinal cross-sectional sample. To assess college students' awareness about Patterson syndrome, a self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire was developed and distributed. The only language allowed was English. The results were analyzed in SPSS software version 23. 10.71% of females and 14.29% of males were aware about Patterson syndrome. 32.14% of females and 38.39% of males were aware that Patterson syndrome was a rare adrenal disorder. We can conclude that very few of the population which was only 25% of the dental students were aware about Patterson syndrome and this survey helped in creating awareness about this syndrome.
{"title":"Awareness about Patterson syndrome among dental students.","authors":"M Dhakshinya, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, R Gayathri, S Kavitha","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_382_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_382_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim is to create awareness about Patterson syndrome among dental students. Patterson-Stevenson-Fontaine syndrome is a very rare condition marked by irregular facial bone and tissue growth (mandibulofacial dysostosis) as well as limb abnormalities. A recessed jaw (retrognathism), cleft palate, and external ear defects are all possible symptoms of this disorder. A total of 112 undergraduate dental students participated in a longitudinal cross-sectional sample. To assess college students' awareness about Patterson syndrome, a self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire was developed and distributed. The only language allowed was English. The results were analyzed in SPSS software version 23. 10.71% of females and 14.29% of males were aware about Patterson syndrome. 32.14% of females and 38.39% of males were aware that Patterson syndrome was a rare adrenal disorder. We can conclude that very few of the population which was only 25% of the dental students were aware about Patterson syndrome and this survey helped in creating awareness about this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/0d/JAPTR-13-392.PMC9926614.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}