Gelatin is a clear, flavorless, and colorless biopolymer formed by the denaturation of collagen protein in animal tissues. Gelatin is an important ingredient in the manufacture of capsule shell films. The tensile strength and elongation values of gelatin film indicate its quality. Sucrose is one of the ingredients that can affect the tensile strength and elongation of the gelatin film. To determine the effect of adding sucrose on the tensile strength and elongation of the chicken leg skin gelatin film. To extract the gelatin, clean, sliced chicken leg skin was freeze-dried, ground into powder, and extracted. The characteristics of chicken skin gelatin were measured using Fourier-transform infrared, and the data were read in the 4000-400 cm- 1 range for 32 scans. Pouring the solution into a mold, flattening it, and drying it at 40°C results in a film that has been tested for tensile strength and elongation. Gelatin films with a 30% sucrose addition had the best tensile strength and elongation values, with a tensile strength of 3.03 MPa and an elongation of 152.02%. Sucrose alters the tensile strength and elongation of chicken leg gelatin film. 30% sucrose provides better tensile and elongation strength.
The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and anxiety regarding the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination in the community. The research was conducted in the Dulupi Health Center work area from March to April 2022, with an analytical observational research design using a cross-sectional approach. The research population is the Dulupi Public Health Center work area community, with a total sample of 297 people taken using the cluster random sampling technique and calculated by Slovin's formula. Data were collected through a questionnaire which were then analyzed by univariate and bivariate. The knowledge variable, most of them had less knowledge (91.9%), and in the anxiety variable, most of the respondents experienced mild anxiety (55.2%). In the implementation variable, most of the respondents were not vaccinated, 245 people (82.5%), while those who were vaccinated were 52 people (17.5%). The level of knowledge and anxiety is primarily related to the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination, with P-values of (0.047) and (0.000) <P (0.05). There is a significant correlation between knowledge and anxiety regarding implementing COVID-19 vaccination in the Dulupi Health Center work area, Boalemo Regency.
Nitrogen mustards are important alkylating anticancer drugs used for neoplasms treatment. However, little research about the integration of luminophore into nitrogen mustard-based compounds for both imaging and therapeutic application was reported. In this study, we report a series of novel nitrogen mustard-containing 1-furyl-2-en-1-one and 1-thienyl-2-en-1-one derivatives as intramolecular charge transfer-based luminophore for research in both imaging subcellular localization and antiproliferation toward lung cancer cells. The target products were prepared by Knoevenagel condensation and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometer. The absorption and fluorescence studies were carried out by ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectrophotometers, respectively. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. Cytotoxicity test was detected by MTT assay. Cellular localization was observed by a confocal laser scanning microscope. Colony formation ability was carried out by colony formation assay. Cell migration ability was detected by transwell migration assay. Differences between the two groups were analyzed by two-tailed Student's t-test. The difference with P < 0.05 (*) was considered statistically significant. The compounds were synthesized in high yield. The λmax and Stokes shift of these compounds reach up to 567 and 150 nm, respectively. These compounds exhibited good antiproliferative activity against lung cancer cells, with compound 3h exhibiting the best IC50 of 13.1 ± 2.7 μM. Furthermore, the selected compound 3h is located preferentially in lysosomes and a small amount in nuclei, effectively inhibiting cell colony formation and migration abilities toward A549 cells. These findings suggested that nitrogen mustard-based fluorophores might be a potential effective chemotherapeutic agent in lung cancer therapy.
Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor that typically manifests in the second decade of life. This study aimed to identify osteogenic compounds that potentially serve as multitarget inhibitors for osteosarcoma. The study was a molecular docking study of nine Food and Drug Administration-approved compounds with osteogenic properties to the key membrane proteins of osteosarcoma. The ligands used were raloxifene, simvastatin, dexamethasone, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid, ascorbic acid, alendronate, and β-glycerophosphate, whereas the target proteins used were RET, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, KIT, PDGFRA, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2. Chem3D version 15.0.0.106 was used for ligand preparation, and AutoDockTools version 1.5.6 was used for protein preparation, whereas molecular docking was conducted using AutoDock Vina. Raloxifene, simvastatin, and dexamethasone had the lowest binding activity to the target proteins. The binding affinity of raloxifene was from -8.4 to -10.0 kcal mol-1, that of simvastatin was -8.3 to -9.2 kcal mol-1, whereas dexamethasone ranged from -6.9 to -9.1 kcal mol-1. Most types of interactions were hydrophobically followed by hydrogen bonding. The current study suggests that raloxifene, simvastatin, and dexamethasone have the potential to act as multitarget inhibitors for osteosarcoma with the ability to induce bone remodeling.
Third molar impaction is considered a prevalent issue. The research aimed to study the pervasiveness and pattern of impaction in Karbala/Iraqi population. Orthopantomograms were studied regarding its angulation, impaction depth, and correlation with ramus. The outcomes manifested that the prevalence of 3rd impacted molars was 34.71%, with the proportion of male to female as 0.83:1. Impacted mandibular 3rd molars were significantly encountered. The prevalence of vertical angulation, mesioangular, horizontal, and inverted were significantly associated with the impacted mandibular 3rd molars (P < 0.05). However, the prevalence of distoangular and bucco/lingual was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the upper impacted 3rd molars. Level C of impaction was significantly (P < 0.05) the most typical level in the maxilla impacted the 3rd molar, and level A and level B of impaction were significantly (P < 0.05) the most prevalent level correlated with the mandibular 3rd molar impaction. Class II was significantly (P < 0.05) the frequently occurring condition subsequent to Classes III and I. In conclusion, the impaction of 3rd molars was significantly predominant in females and lower jaw. The vertical angulation, level C of impaction associated with maxillary 3rd molars and levels A and B of impaction related with mandibular 3rd molars, and Class II are the most encountered conditions.
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