Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702265
Anosh Arshad Chaudhary, Iqra Arooj, A. Elahi, S. Ijaz, H. Yasmeen
Human skin microflora plays important role in the functioning of skin and is modulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors including hygiene practices. During Covid-19 pandemic, focus has been particularly directed towards improving hygiene. We explored the skin microflora of healthcare workers in local population of Multan, Pakistan. A total of 44 samples of skin were collected from healthy workers along with the administration of questionnaire regarding hygiene practices. After isolation, bacteria were characterized by morphology, staining andbiochemical tests. Majority of the workers was 20-30 years old females. Most of them reported to wear gloves during practice, wash hands 8-10 times a day, use sanitizer 8-10 times a week and took bath 12-15 times a month. Isolated microflora (n=110) included Staphylococcus aureus (62%), Escherichia coli (16%), Pseudomonas spp. (9%), Proteus spp. (5%), Enterobacter spp. (5%) and Klebsiella spp. (3%). Presence of pathogens, although in small numbers, emphasizes the necessity of disseminating knowledge regarding adoption and maintenance of hygienic practices, specifically among healthcare workers.
{"title":"Diversity of Human Skin Microbiota in Healthcare Workers of South Punjab, Pakistan during COVID-19","authors":"Anosh Arshad Chaudhary, Iqra Arooj, A. Elahi, S. Ijaz, H. Yasmeen","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702265","url":null,"abstract":"Human skin microflora plays important role in the functioning of skin and is modulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors including hygiene practices. During Covid-19 pandemic, focus has been particularly directed towards improving hygiene. We explored the skin microflora of healthcare workers in local population of Multan, Pakistan. A total of 44 samples of skin were collected from healthy workers along with the administration of questionnaire regarding hygiene practices. After isolation, bacteria were characterized by morphology, staining andbiochemical tests. Majority of the workers was 20-30 years old females. Most of them reported to wear gloves during practice, wash hands 8-10 times a day, use sanitizer 8-10 times a week and took bath 12-15 times a month. Isolated microflora (n=110) included Staphylococcus aureus (62%), Escherichia coli (16%), Pseudomonas spp. (9%), Proteus spp. (5%), Enterobacter spp. (5%) and Klebsiella spp. (3%). Presence of pathogens, although in small numbers, emphasizes the necessity of disseminating knowledge regarding adoption and maintenance of hygienic practices, specifically among healthcare workers.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133480492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702256
Hafiza Iqra Javaid, Shamsa Kanwal, Muhammad Ahmed, Sadia Akbar, Amna Rashid, Saba Yaqoob, T. Faridi
Autism spectrum disease (ASD) is a nervous disorder. In this disease children have sensory processing dysfunction and they unable to communicate, interact, and showed repetition in behaviours. The present study was designed to determine visual impairment frequency in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A descriptive study was performed in Paediatrics Department of Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Data was collected in six months and 52 patients of both gender were considered. A total of 40 boys and 12 girls of 3-8 years old children were included. A structured Questionnaire based on visual perception was designed to determine the visual sensory processing issues in children with an autism spectrum disorder. The findings showed a strong difficulties in the visual sense particularly in differentiation among the colours and eye tracking in autism children. It was concluded that sense of sight highly affected in the patients of autism spectrum disorder.
{"title":"Assessment of Visual Perception in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Hafiza Iqra Javaid, Shamsa Kanwal, Muhammad Ahmed, Sadia Akbar, Amna Rashid, Saba Yaqoob, T. Faridi","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702256","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disease (ASD) is a nervous disorder. In this disease children have sensory processing dysfunction and they unable to communicate, interact, and showed repetition in behaviours. The present study was designed to determine visual impairment frequency in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A descriptive study was performed in Paediatrics Department of Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Data was collected in six months and 52 patients of both gender were considered. A total of 40 boys and 12 girls of 3-8 years old children were included. A structured Questionnaire based on visual perception was designed to determine the visual sensory processing issues in children with an autism spectrum disorder. The findings showed a strong difficulties in the visual sense particularly in differentiation among the colours and eye tracking in autism children. It was concluded that sense of sight highly affected in the patients of autism spectrum disorder.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117055643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702254
Salman Farooq, Z. W. Aziz, M. A. Iqbal, Kaleem Maqsood, N. Roohi
This study evaluates health risks manifested by the exposure of welding fumes to the labourers working in welding environments. Welding fumes, are the complexes of fluorides, silicates and metal oxides, cause burns, eye damage, hormonal imbalance, organ damage and cataracts. In order to check the changes caused by fumes on thyroid gland, a study was planned to evaluate the variations in thyroid regulatory hormone levels in workers occupationally exposed to welding fumes. For this purpose, blood sampling of the welders (n=24) having exposure to welding fumes was done from different sites in city Lahore, whereas, blood samples of healthy controls (n=24) were collected from University of the Punjab, Lahore. Thyroid (T3 and T4) and its regulatory hormone (TSH) assessment was executed by ELISA. Independent student “t” test at confidence interval of 95% and P < 0.05 was applied. A non-significant decrease of both hormones i.e. T3 and T4 was found in the subjects under study as compared to controls. Levels of TSH in blood serum of workers showed a non-significant increase than healthy controls. Elevated TSH and reduced T3 and T4, although, statistically non-significant, predict chances of hypothyroidism due to chronic exposure to welding fumes. Welders are, therefore, recommended to adopt prophylactic measures and safer techniques in order to avoid direct hazardous exposure to welding fumes
{"title":"Deviations in Thyroid and its Regulatory Hormone Profile in Workers Exposed to Welding Fumes","authors":"Salman Farooq, Z. W. Aziz, M. A. Iqbal, Kaleem Maqsood, N. Roohi","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702254","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates health risks manifested by the exposure of welding fumes to the labourers working in welding environments. Welding fumes, are the complexes of fluorides, silicates and metal oxides, cause burns, eye damage, hormonal imbalance, organ damage and cataracts. In order to check the changes caused by fumes on thyroid gland, a study was planned to evaluate the variations in thyroid regulatory hormone levels in workers occupationally exposed to welding fumes. For this purpose, blood sampling of the welders (n=24) having exposure to welding fumes was done from different sites in city Lahore, whereas, blood samples of healthy controls (n=24) were collected from University of the Punjab, Lahore. Thyroid (T3 and T4) and its regulatory hormone (TSH) assessment was executed by ELISA. Independent student “t” test at confidence interval of 95% and P < 0.05 was applied. A non-significant decrease of both hormones i.e. T3 and T4 was found in the subjects under study as compared to controls. Levels of TSH in blood serum of workers showed a non-significant increase than healthy controls. Elevated TSH and reduced T3 and T4, although, statistically non-significant, predict chances of hypothyroidism due to chronic exposure to welding fumes. Welders are, therefore, recommended to adopt prophylactic measures and safer techniques in order to avoid direct hazardous exposure to welding fumes","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129461168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702264
Rabia Sadiq, Nazia Kanwal, Yasir Rehman
Chromium is one of the highly toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals. Due to increased anthropogenic activities, high concentration of chromium is found in many areas. Many microorganisms have the ability to detoxify chromium. Metagenomics allow us to comprehensively study microbial communities present at different sites without culturing them. The objective of this study was to analyze the abundance of microbial groups in different environments contaminated with chromium. For this purpose, chromium contaminated soil, anaerobic sludge and reactor samples were chosen. 16S rRNA data of these samples was retrieved from NCBI SRA database. The sequences were analyzed by Mothur software accessed via Galaxy server, and were classified using SILVA database. Venn diagram, phylogenetic tree, heatmap, relative abundance graphs and Krona pie charts were generated. Statistical analysis was also performed in the form of AMOVA and HOMOVA tests. According to results of our study, Proteobacteria, Leucobacter, Actinomycetales, Actinobacteria, Arthrobacter, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonas, Bradyrizobium and Nucardioidaceae were present in all the samples. Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in chromium contaminated samples as compared to control samples. The results were also found to be statistically significant. The above-mentioned bacteria can be targeted and studied to discover their roles in bioremediation of chromium contaminated sites.
{"title":"In Silico Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Communities of Chromium Contaminated Sites","authors":"Rabia Sadiq, Nazia Kanwal, Yasir Rehman","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702264","url":null,"abstract":"Chromium is one of the highly toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals. Due to increased anthropogenic activities, high concentration of chromium is found in many areas. Many microorganisms have the ability to detoxify chromium. Metagenomics allow us to comprehensively study microbial communities present at different sites without culturing them. The objective of this study was to analyze the abundance of microbial groups in different environments contaminated with chromium. For this purpose, chromium contaminated soil, anaerobic sludge and reactor samples were chosen. 16S rRNA data of these samples was retrieved from NCBI SRA database. The sequences were analyzed by Mothur software accessed via Galaxy server, and were classified using SILVA database. Venn diagram, phylogenetic tree, heatmap, relative abundance graphs and Krona pie charts were generated. Statistical analysis was also performed in the form of AMOVA and HOMOVA tests. According to results of our study, Proteobacteria, Leucobacter, Actinomycetales, Actinobacteria, Arthrobacter, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonas, Bradyrizobium and Nucardioidaceae were present in all the samples. Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in chromium contaminated samples as compared to control samples. The results were also found to be statistically significant. The above-mentioned bacteria can be targeted and studied to discover their roles in bioremediation of chromium contaminated sites.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121416257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702263
Fareeha Iqbal, Ambreen Ahmed
The world is full of enchanted natural flora and one of its charmed plant is Aloe vera. It showed the presence of number of novel compounds that engaged in multiple pharmacological activities and are in use to cure diseases. The present review of A. vera is currently about the debacles of COVID-19 i.e., its component involvement as stumbling block for virus proteases. It has also been noted as an effective anti-COVID cloth coating that will bio-actively lower the impact of differential microbe’s expansion along with minimizing the spread of COVID-19. It boosts the immune system in variable circumstances potentially being an anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-microbial and wound healing agent. A. vera has made drastic contributions regarding differential human ailments such as wound healing, dental issues, digestive complications, and skin diseases. Moreover, commercial applications of A. vera focuses on manufacturing of bioethanol and nutritionally engaging it in food. Furthermore, inquiries are being carried out to unfold the new wonders of this plant specifically against COVID-19.
{"title":"Efficacy of Aloe vera in human health especially against COVID-19","authors":"Fareeha Iqbal, Ambreen Ahmed","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702263","url":null,"abstract":"The world is full of enchanted natural flora and one of its charmed plant is Aloe vera. It showed the presence of number of novel compounds that engaged in multiple pharmacological activities and are in use to cure diseases. The present review of A. vera is currently about the debacles of COVID-19 i.e., its component involvement as stumbling block for virus proteases. It has also been noted as an effective anti-COVID cloth coating that will bio-actively lower the impact of differential microbe’s expansion along with minimizing the spread of COVID-19. It boosts the immune system in variable circumstances potentially being an anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-microbial and wound healing agent. A. vera has made drastic contributions regarding differential human ailments such as wound healing, dental issues, digestive complications, and skin diseases. Moreover, commercial applications of A. vera focuses on manufacturing of bioethanol and nutritionally engaging it in food. Furthermore, inquiries are being carried out to unfold the new wonders of this plant specifically against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123085192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702266
Rida Tanveer, Iqra Fasih, Syed Ahmad, Samreen Riaz
Diabetes is an endocrine system disease which is characterized by abnormal elevated glucose levels. Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder with early onset, whereas Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is non-autoimmune form with late onset. Small and large artery complications are the two main categories of diabetes mellitus long term complications. Overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), leading to oxidative stress, occurs because of pathogenic effects of hyperglycemia. New vessels are fragile and hyper permeable in case of retinopathy in T1DM. T1DM is known to be occurred by beta cell destruction which leads to hyperglycemia and insulin scantiness. In phase 3 T1DM is normally diagnosed, the stage at which the disorder has led to life threatening condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis. To minimize the possibility of serious complication it is necessary to diagnose autoimmunity which is present during first years of life through early screening or by using diagnostic tools. Measuring fasting blood glucose or standard OGTT’s are performed for screening of phase 2 T1DM in the persons which have 1 or more autoantibodies targeting β-cell. The management of type 1 diabetes mellitus is necessary to encourage healthy lifestyle and to control glycaemia conditions in order to avoid severe complication. Pharmacological approaches are the most widely used method for the treatment of T1DM including injectable insulin and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Gene therapy and stem cellbased therapies. These are supposed to help in providing life-time freedom from T1DM but there is still a room for debate in this regard.
{"title":"Brief analysis of Therapeutic Approaches of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus along with Diagnosis and Screening Methods","authors":"Rida Tanveer, Iqra Fasih, Syed Ahmad, Samreen Riaz","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702266","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is an endocrine system disease which is characterized by abnormal elevated glucose levels. Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder with early onset, whereas Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is non-autoimmune form with late onset. Small and large artery complications are the two main categories of diabetes mellitus long term complications. Overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), leading to oxidative stress, occurs because of pathogenic effects of hyperglycemia. New vessels are fragile and hyper permeable in case of retinopathy in T1DM. T1DM is known to be occurred by beta cell destruction which leads to hyperglycemia and insulin scantiness. In phase 3 T1DM is normally diagnosed, the stage at which the disorder has led to life threatening condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis. To minimize the possibility of serious complication it is necessary to diagnose autoimmunity which is present during first years of life through early screening or by using diagnostic tools. Measuring fasting blood glucose or standard OGTT’s are performed for screening of phase 2 T1DM in the persons which have 1 or more autoantibodies targeting β-cell. The management of type 1 diabetes mellitus is necessary to encourage healthy lifestyle and to control glycaemia conditions in order to avoid severe complication. Pharmacological approaches are the most widely used method for the treatment of T1DM including injectable insulin and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Gene therapy and stem cellbased therapies. These are supposed to help in providing life-time freedom from T1DM but there is still a room for debate in this regard.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"5093 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132068647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702259
Saba Sajjad, Imran Tipu, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Irfan Fareed, Rana Muhammad Kamran Shabbir, Faiza Samrez, Fareeha Ahmed, Wasiq Ikram, Rubina Dad, Mureed Hussain, Rana Muhammad Mateen, Rukhsana Parveen, Muhammad Sohail Afzal
The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system, a set of highly polymorphic genes, has been found to play an effective role in the disease resistance and disease susceptibility. In this study, prevalence of class-I alleles of HLA was characterized at HLAA,- B and -C loci in the 216 individuals randomly selected population at different regions of Punjab province of Pakistan. The study revealed that at HLA-A locus the allele 11 was most prevalent with 16.7 % frequency. Similarly, at HLA-B locus the allele 51 was found abundant with 15% frequency and at HLA-C locus the allele 7 was prevalent with 24% frequency. Among the two-locus HLA class I haplotypes, B*08/C*07 was found to be the most prevalent followed by B*35/C*04. Surprisingly, HLA-B*29 and HLA-B*36 alleles were found in the Punjabi population which is contrary to the previous reports.
{"title":"Prevalence and Frequency Distribution of HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C Alleles in the Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Saba Sajjad, Imran Tipu, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Irfan Fareed, Rana Muhammad Kamran Shabbir, Faiza Samrez, Fareeha Ahmed, Wasiq Ikram, Rubina Dad, Mureed Hussain, Rana Muhammad Mateen, Rukhsana Parveen, Muhammad Sohail Afzal","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702259","url":null,"abstract":"The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system, a set of highly polymorphic genes, has been found to play an effective role in the disease resistance and disease susceptibility. In this study, prevalence of class-I alleles of HLA was characterized at HLAA,- B and -C loci in the 216 individuals randomly selected population at different regions of Punjab province of Pakistan. The study revealed that at HLA-A locus the allele 11 was most prevalent with 16.7 % frequency. Similarly, at HLA-B locus the allele 51 was found abundant with 15% frequency and at HLA-C locus the allele 7 was prevalent with 24% frequency. Among the two-locus HLA class I haplotypes, B*08/C*07 was found to be the most prevalent followed by B*35/C*04. Surprisingly, HLA-B*29 and HLA-B*36 alleles were found in the Punjabi population which is contrary to the previous reports.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122673126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702260
Bushra Nisar Khan, Iqra Islam, Nisar Ahmed, Muhammad Oneeb, Muhammad Azhar, Kiran Saleem, Muhammad Rizwan Khan
Ostrich farming has attained a status of a fast-growing agribusiness in the livestock industry due to the wide range of associated benefits attached to it. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of endoparasites in this economically important bird as well as their treatment to provide better guidelines for successful ostrich farming. The study involved 385 feacal samples of ostriches taken from 55 commercial farms and captive sites Punjab during the period of January 2020 to December 2020. The relevant data and samples were collected from 15 districts of Punjab. Feacal samples were tested against gastrointestinal worm load by using floatation and sedimentation techniques. Ostriches of 11 commercial farms and Lahore Zoo, Jallo Wildlife Park Lahore, UVAS Ostrich farm Pattoki and Bahawalnagar Wildlife Park were found to harbor protozoan parasites such as Eimeria spp. Balantidium coli, and Amoeboid cyst. It was noteworthy that the use of herbal dewormers showed much better results than chemical anthelmintics. Similarly, those wildlife parks where ostriches were given a natural environment showed negative results for endoparasites. At some farms combination of chemical and herbal anthelmintics was also used. The absence of a reliable nutritional management system caused the mortality of ostriches at 40 farms due to gastric problems and choking. The mortality rate at the age of 2-4 months was 73% while mortality of adult birds from 1-7 years was 27%. Among selected farms, 50% of ostriches were facing lameness, leg deformities, and retarded growth due to improper space, a congested environment, and poor feeding systems. Lastly, more research is needed to make this agribusiness flourished.
{"title":"Prevalence and Management of Endoparasitic Worm load in Ostriches of Different Captive Conditions Housed in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Bushra Nisar Khan, Iqra Islam, Nisar Ahmed, Muhammad Oneeb, Muhammad Azhar, Kiran Saleem, Muhammad Rizwan Khan","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702260","url":null,"abstract":"Ostrich farming has attained a status of a fast-growing agribusiness in the livestock industry due to the wide range of associated benefits attached to it. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of endoparasites in this economically important bird as well as their treatment to provide better guidelines for successful ostrich farming. The study involved 385 feacal samples of ostriches taken from 55 commercial farms and captive sites Punjab during the period of January 2020 to December 2020. The relevant data and samples were collected from 15 districts of Punjab. Feacal samples were tested against gastrointestinal worm load by using floatation and sedimentation techniques. Ostriches of 11 commercial farms and Lahore Zoo, Jallo Wildlife Park Lahore, UVAS Ostrich farm Pattoki and Bahawalnagar Wildlife Park were found to harbor protozoan parasites such as Eimeria spp. Balantidium coli, and Amoeboid cyst. It was noteworthy that the use of herbal dewormers showed much better results than chemical anthelmintics. Similarly, those wildlife parks where ostriches were given a natural environment showed negative results for endoparasites. At some farms combination of chemical and herbal anthelmintics was also used. The absence of a reliable nutritional management system caused the mortality of ostriches at 40 farms due to gastric problems and choking. The mortality rate at the age of 2-4 months was 73% while mortality of adult birds from 1-7 years was 27%. Among selected farms, 50% of ostriches were facing lameness, leg deformities, and retarded growth due to improper space, a congested environment, and poor feeding systems. Lastly, more research is needed to make this agribusiness flourished.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126319081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702258
N. Zahra, Muhammad Hassan Raza, Faheem Hafeez, M. Saeed, S. A. Khan, A. Saeed, K. Shahzad
Aflatoxins are common contaminants in human food supplies that affects the world's developing economies. These are cosmopolitan in distribution and found everywhere in nature and can grow under drought, warm, and humid conditions. The aflatoxins are secondary metabolites and mostly found in feed and food products. These areoncogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive in nature. On the basis of the aflatoxin producing fungi, the aflatoxins are roughly split into two distinct groups: those that penetrate in pre-harvest circumstances and those that are generated in post-harvest conditions. Aflatoxins exposure has great public health impact in economically developing nations and lot of research is taking place to reduce its harmful impacts; as a result, we need to establish preventive strategies that are feasible for these high-risk populations. This review provides in-depth information regarding the presence of aflatoxins, their analysis, and potentially harmful consequences on human health, as well as various detoxification approaches.
{"title":"Impact of Aflatoxins Exposure on Human Health and its Management Strategies","authors":"N. Zahra, Muhammad Hassan Raza, Faheem Hafeez, M. Saeed, S. A. Khan, A. Saeed, K. Shahzad","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0702258","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are common contaminants in human food supplies that affects the world's developing economies. These are cosmopolitan in distribution and found everywhere in nature and can grow under drought, warm, and humid conditions. The aflatoxins are secondary metabolites and mostly found in feed and food products. These areoncogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive in nature. On the basis of the aflatoxin producing fungi, the aflatoxins are roughly split into two distinct groups: those that penetrate in pre-harvest circumstances and those that are generated in post-harvest conditions. Aflatoxins exposure has great public health impact in economically developing nations and lot of research is taking place to reduce its harmful impacts; as a result, we need to establish preventive strategies that are feasible for these high-risk populations. This review provides in-depth information regarding the presence of aflatoxins, their analysis, and potentially harmful consequences on human health, as well as various detoxification approaches.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126886053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701240
Aamna Syed, R. Mateen, Ayman Naeem, Zainab Asif Mirza, Muhammad Usman Ghani, M. Hussain
Mutation in MARS1 gene is linked to the development of Interstitial lung and liver disease. The current study aimed in silico analysis to predict the most harmful missense and spliced variants of MARS1 that damage the functionality of Methionyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (MARS 1), catalyses the ligation of methionine to tRNA and is essential forprotein biosynthesis. A total of 492 variants were retrieved from the gnomAD database and analysed by CADD, 308 missense variants with PHRED score ≥ 20 were further analysed by CAPICE, META-SNP and CONDEL.85 SNPs detected with deleterious impact on protein structure by screening nsSNPs. Moreover, in-silico stability analysis was done by different tools like DynaMut, DUET, i-Stable2.0 and YASARA. MARS1 protein structure obtained from RCSB PDB (PDB ID: 5GL7) and UCSF Chimera was used for its visualisation. NetSurf-2.0 obtained the analysis of protein functioning by position of residue in the structure. Our results showed that the structure of proteins was significantly deleterious and protein motif and function were changed, we proceeded to use the PROSITE database to forecast the posttranslation modification sites and four significant nsSNPs with protein structure change effects. Splice analysis was conducted by SPiCE, Human Splice Finder. It concludes in silico analysis, genes can determine likely pathogenic variation for further in vitro experimental study.
MARS1基因突变与间质性肺和肝脏疾病的发展有关。目前的研究旨在通过硅分析来预测mar1最有害的错义和剪接变异体，这些变异体会破坏蛋氨酸-tRNA合成酶1 (Methionyl-tRNA合成酶1)的功能，催化蛋氨酸与tRNA的连接，对蛋白质的生物合成至关重要。从gnomAD数据库中检索到492个变异，通过CADD进行分析，308个PHRED评分≥20的错义变异进一步通过CAPICE、META-SNP和condel进行分析。通过筛选nssnp检测到85个对蛋白质结构有有害影响的snp。此外，通过DynaMut、DUET、i-Stable2.0和YASARA等不同的工具进行了硅稳定性分析。利用从RCSB PDB (PDB ID: 5GL7)和UCSF Chimera获得的mar1蛋白结构进行可视化。NetSurf-2.0通过残基在结构中的位置获得蛋白质功能分析。我们的研究结果表明，蛋白质的结构发生了明显的破坏，蛋白质的基序和功能发生了改变，我们利用PROSITE数据库预测了翻译后修饰位点和4个具有蛋白质结构改变作用的显著非单核苷酸多态性。剪接分析由SPiCE, Human Splice Finder进行。结果表明，基因可以确定可能的致病变异，为进一步的体外实验研究提供依据。
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