Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2021.0502153
N. Zahra, Sabahat Mahnoor, Abdul Ahad, Rida Ishfaq
ABSTRACT: Steroids are the hormones; the main source of which are Adrenal glands and Gonads. Human body produced them naturally in a balanced quantity.They have mainly two types i.e. corticosteroids and anabolic-androgenic steroids (or in short form “anabolic”). Now-a-days these are artificially synthesized as drugs which are given to humans and animals. Anabolic steroids are naturally produced in body 4.0–9.0 mg per day. They are also used artificially to treat testosterone level in human body while athletes are using them to build their muscles. Athletes misuse this drug 10 to 1000 times more than the medical purpose. These drugs (Oestradiol benzoate,Progesterone, Testosterone propionate, Zeranol, Trenbolone acetate, and Melengestrol acetate) are given to animals 0.25 to 0.5 mg on daily routine for increasing their body mass or meat production which is causing serious health problems in meat consumers. Glucocorticoids and sex hormones found in animal milk naturally. While their recombinant hormone rBGH is using to increase milk production in animals has become a part of serious health concern in public. This review entails the brief description on steroids history, types, use by humans and animals and also the harmful effects on human health.
{"title":"Preamble of Steroids Types and Presence of Androgenic Anabolic Steroids (AAS) in Humans and Animals","authors":"N. Zahra, Sabahat Mahnoor, Abdul Ahad, Rida Ishfaq","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2021.0502153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0502153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Steroids are the hormones; the main source of which are Adrenal glands and Gonads. Human body produced them naturally in a balanced quantity.They have mainly two types i.e. corticosteroids and anabolic-androgenic steroids (or in short form “anabolic”). Now-a-days these are artificially synthesized as drugs which are given to humans and animals. Anabolic steroids are naturally produced in body 4.0–9.0 mg per day. They are also used artificially to treat testosterone level in human body while athletes are using them to build their muscles. Athletes misuse this drug 10 to 1000 times more than the medical purpose. These drugs (Oestradiol benzoate,Progesterone, Testosterone propionate, Zeranol, Trenbolone acetate, and Melengestrol acetate) are given to animals 0.25 to 0.5 mg on daily routine for increasing their body mass or meat production which is causing serious health problems in meat consumers. Glucocorticoids and sex hormones found in animal milk naturally. While their recombinant hormone rBGH is using to increase milk production in animals has become a part of serious health concern in public. This review entails the brief description on steroids history, types, use by humans and animals and also the harmful effects on human health.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115485994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2021.0502151
F. Bano, N. Akhter
ABSTRACT: Hyperglycemia plays a main role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Excess adipose tissue is the main risk factor for developing T2DM. Numerous drugs have been approved to reduce body weight and these medicines act by increasing lipolysis, decreasing satiety level, and increasing thermogenesis. But due to their adverse effects they are withdraw from the market. People are interested in using herbs and herbal drugs to achieve the best effect with fewer side effects. Traditionally in Asia, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), dill (Anethum graveolens), black cumin (Nigella sativa). Turmeric, Ginger, green cardamom, Fenugreek and Ginseng use to improve hyperlipidemic and hypoglycemicconditions. In the current study, we treated overweight rats to ginseng tea. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in glucose, LDL-C, and cholesterol while increase in the HDL-C and leptin levels. Leptin is belonging to cytokine release from adipose tissue exhibit decrease satiety, increase energy expenditure and reduce fat by inhibiting lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis. Thus, it was concluded Ginseng Malva Verticillata tea (GMVT) can be suggested as a possible alternative treatment to improve lipid profile, hyperglycemia and related pathogeneses.
{"title":"Ginseng Malva Verticillata Tea (GMVT) Improve Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Up-regulation of Leptin Hormone in Overweight Rats","authors":"F. Bano, N. Akhter","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2021.0502151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0502151","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Hyperglycemia plays a main role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Excess adipose tissue is the main risk factor for developing T2DM. Numerous drugs have been approved to reduce body weight and these medicines act by increasing lipolysis, decreasing satiety level, and increasing thermogenesis. But due to their adverse effects they are withdraw from the market. People are interested in using herbs and herbal drugs to achieve the best effect with fewer side effects. Traditionally in Asia, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), dill (Anethum graveolens), black cumin (Nigella sativa). Turmeric, Ginger, green cardamom, Fenugreek and Ginseng use to improve hyperlipidemic and hypoglycemicconditions. In the current study, we treated overweight rats to ginseng tea. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in glucose, LDL-C, and cholesterol while increase in the HDL-C and leptin levels. Leptin is belonging to cytokine release from adipose tissue exhibit decrease satiety, increase energy expenditure and reduce fat by inhibiting lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis. Thus, it was concluded Ginseng Malva Verticillata tea (GMVT) can be suggested as a possible alternative treatment to improve lipid profile, hyperglycemia and related pathogeneses.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123259247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501145
M. Avais, Shoaib Husnain, Jawaria Ali Khan, Syed Saleem Ahmad
ABSTRACT: A female Beetal goat, 4-years-old was brought to the Outdoor Hospital of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. The goat when presented at the hospital was noticed restless and was unable to stand. Temperature was subnormal (98˚F) and respiratory stridors were evident during respiration. Signs of severe dyspnea with foamy salivation and dilated pupils were also evident. Mucous membrane and tongue were cyanotic. At postmortem, presence of foamy secretions in the cranial airways, including nostrils were observed. Lungs were congested and edematous. Most predominant finding was tracheal rings with pronounced distance between their dorsal edges with cartilage damage and totally collapsed trachea extending up to bifurcation. This finding was corresponding to tracheal collapse grade IV. This is the first published report of tracheal collapse in goats in Pakistan.
{"title":"Tracheal Collapse in a Beetal Goat – First Case Report in Pakistan","authors":"M. Avais, Shoaib Husnain, Jawaria Ali Khan, Syed Saleem Ahmad","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501145","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: A female Beetal goat, 4-years-old was brought to the Outdoor Hospital of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. The goat when presented at the hospital was noticed restless and was unable to stand. Temperature was subnormal (98˚F) and respiratory stridors were evident during respiration. Signs of severe dyspnea with foamy salivation and dilated pupils were also evident. Mucous membrane and tongue were cyanotic. At postmortem, presence of foamy secretions in the cranial airways, including nostrils were observed. Lungs were congested and edematous. Most predominant finding was tracheal rings with pronounced distance between their dorsal edges with cartilage damage and totally collapsed trachea extending up to bifurcation. This finding was corresponding to tracheal collapse grade IV. This is the first published report of tracheal collapse in goats in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127422457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501148
Saman Sana, Humaira Ramzan, Muhammad Hamza Sana, Tahir Zakria, Muhammad Ahsan Ali Rana
ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is the Gram-positive strain which is one of the major causes of laboratory acquired infections. Infections caused by staphylococcus strains are becoming more demanding to treat because many of the strains are resistant to the antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates of S. epidermidis which had been isolated from the microbiology laboratory of Lahore Garrison University, Lahore. Antibiotic Sensitivity against many antibiotics such as TPZ (tazobactum), ME (methicillin), CX (cefoxitin), P (penicillin), CTX (Cefotaxime), CEP (Cefepime) was determined for the identification of the most effective antibiotics against the infectious strains of S. epidermidis and zone of inhibition was measured. The results showed that out of 10 isolates, all the isolates were resistant against ME, while 9 of them were susceptible against TPZ. A remarkable difference was observed in the susceptibility pattern of S. epidermidis against TPZ rather than that of ME. Therefore, TPZ was the most effective antibiotic against the S. epidermidis infections which can be used to treat the infections. According to the present situation, the rampant use of antibiotics shouldbe prevented; otherwise it would become an uncontrollable problem to tackle these super bugs in near future.
{"title":"Study of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from the Laboratory","authors":"Saman Sana, Humaira Ramzan, Muhammad Hamza Sana, Tahir Zakria, Muhammad Ahsan Ali Rana","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501148","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is the Gram-positive strain which is one of the major causes of laboratory acquired infections. Infections caused by staphylococcus strains are becoming more demanding to treat because many of the strains are resistant to the antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates of S. epidermidis which had been isolated from the microbiology laboratory of Lahore Garrison University, Lahore. Antibiotic Sensitivity against many antibiotics such as TPZ (tazobactum), ME (methicillin), CX (cefoxitin), P (penicillin), CTX (Cefotaxime), CEP (Cefepime) was determined for the identification of the most effective antibiotics against the infectious strains of S. epidermidis and zone of inhibition was measured. The results showed that out of 10 isolates, all the isolates were resistant against ME, while 9 of them were susceptible against TPZ. A remarkable difference was observed in the susceptibility pattern of S. epidermidis against TPZ rather than that of ME. Therefore, TPZ was the most effective antibiotic against the S. epidermidis infections which can be used to treat the infections. According to the present situation, the rampant use of antibiotics shouldbe prevented; otherwise it would become an uncontrollable problem to tackle these super bugs in near future.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116996672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501144
S. Sharif, Rabia Maqbool, S. Naz, Tasnim Farasat
ABSTRACT: Gastritis is a painful condition in which the inside surface of the stomach becomes inflamed. The study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 on 400 patients. The purpose was to investigate the prevalence of gastritis and its risk factors in local population. The subjects were selected randomly. Thequestionnaires were filled by them. The questions included the demographical information and contributing factors of gastritis. The result showed that the prevalence of gastritis was 73.5%. Among 294 patients, the prevalence of gastritis in females (65.98%) was higher than in males (34.01%). The mean age of the population was 38.8years ±0.65, the mean height was 160.9cm ±0.74 for females and 163.47 ±0.83 for males, the mean weight was 67.39Kg± 1.0 for females and 69.04 ±1.03 for males and the mean BMI was 25.98Kg/m2 ±0.35 and 25.87Kg/m2 ±0.37 for females and males respectively. It was found that there was a significant association between gastritis and contributing risk factors like psychological stress, history of frequent intake of antiinflammatorydrugs, smoking, eating spicy foods, oily foods, taking soft drinks and tea. The common symptoms were heart burning, the bad taste of the mouth, abdominal bloating, indigestion and swelling in the stomach. This study reported high prevalence of gastritis in Shahdara and its associated area. As its prevalence is increasing day by day in Pakistan. Therefore, it is important to investigate prevalence of gastritis as well as its associated risk factors at larger scale to overcome it.
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastritis in Shahdara and Associated Areas","authors":"S. Sharif, Rabia Maqbool, S. Naz, Tasnim Farasat","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501144","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Gastritis is a painful condition in which the inside surface of the stomach becomes inflamed. The study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 on 400 patients. The purpose was to investigate the prevalence of gastritis and its risk factors in local population. The subjects were selected randomly. Thequestionnaires were filled by them. The questions included the demographical information and contributing factors of gastritis. The result showed that the prevalence of gastritis was 73.5%. Among 294 patients, the prevalence of gastritis in females (65.98%) was higher than in males (34.01%). The mean age of the population was 38.8years ±0.65, the mean height was 160.9cm ±0.74 for females and 163.47 ±0.83 for males, the mean weight was 67.39Kg± 1.0 for females and 69.04 ±1.03 for males and the mean BMI was 25.98Kg/m2 ±0.35 and 25.87Kg/m2 ±0.37 for females and males respectively. It was found that there was a significant association between gastritis and contributing risk factors like psychological stress, history of frequent intake of antiinflammatorydrugs, smoking, eating spicy foods, oily foods, taking soft drinks and tea. The common symptoms were heart burning, the bad taste of the mouth, abdominal bloating, indigestion and swelling in the stomach. This study reported high prevalence of gastritis in Shahdara and its associated area. As its prevalence is increasing day by day in Pakistan. Therefore, it is important to investigate prevalence of gastritis as well as its associated risk factors at larger scale to overcome it.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124571810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501143
Nosheen Shaukat, Zaheer Ahmad, K. Munawar, S. Abbas
ABSTRACT: The copper-doped silver and nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method in which the silver oxide (Ag2O) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles are doped with copper in 4:1 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a surfactant. Then various analytical studies were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The XRD analysis revealed the crystalline structure and the size of nanoparticles was determined by using Scherrer’s formula. The XRD data showed the effect of doping on crystallinity and size. It was found that the size of nanoparticles was reduced without any change in crystallinity after doping. DRS results showed that when silver oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles were doped with copper oxide nanoparticles, the energy band gap was shifted to a lesser value, i.e., from 1.50 to 1.17 eV for Ag2O and from 2.29 to 2.08 eV for NiO, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and eriochrome black-T (EBT) by nanoparticles was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was checked by using well diffusion assay and it was found that doped nanoparticles were more active than the undoped ones.
摘要:采用共沉淀法，在表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的存在下，以4:1的比例掺杂氧化银(Ag2O)和氧化镍(NiO)纳米颗粒，制备了铜掺杂的氧化银和氧化镍纳米颗粒。然后利用x射线衍射(XRD)和漫反射光谱(DRS)进行了各种分析研究。XRD分析表明，纳米颗粒的晶体结构和尺寸由Scherrer公式确定。XRD数据显示了掺杂对结晶度和尺寸的影响。结果表明，掺杂后纳米颗粒的尺寸减小，但结晶度没有变化。DRS结果表明，当氧化银纳米粒子和氧化镍纳米粒子掺杂氧化铜纳米粒子时，Ag2O和NiO的能带隙分别从1.50 eV和2.29 eV减小到1.17 eV。采用紫外可见光谱法对纳米颗粒光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)和铬黑- t (EBT)进行了监测。采用孔扩散法对合成的纳米颗粒进行抑菌活性检测，发现掺杂纳米颗粒的抑菌活性高于未掺杂纳米颗粒。
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activities of Copper Doped Silver and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Nosheen Shaukat, Zaheer Ahmad, K. Munawar, S. Abbas","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501143","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The copper-doped silver and nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method in which the silver oxide (Ag2O) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles are doped with copper in 4:1 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a surfactant. Then various analytical studies were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The XRD analysis revealed the crystalline structure and the size of nanoparticles was determined by using Scherrer’s formula. The XRD data showed the effect of doping on crystallinity and size. It was found that the size of nanoparticles was reduced without any change in crystallinity after doping. DRS results showed that when silver oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles were doped with copper oxide nanoparticles, the energy band gap was shifted to a lesser value, i.e., from 1.50 to 1.17 eV for Ag2O and from 2.29 to 2.08 eV for NiO, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) and eriochrome black-T (EBT) by nanoparticles was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was checked by using well diffusion assay and it was found that doped nanoparticles were more active than the undoped ones.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126429776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Classroom is a place where student learn numerous skills, knowledge, generate new thoughts and ideas as well as increase their abilities towards affective learning. However, it is noticed school systems are running with dark, congested classrooms that affects student’s learning. The present cross sectional study was designed to assess effect of abiotic component of classroom environment on the students learning. 175 students of Lahore school of nursing at The University of Lahore were considered. Convenience representative method was used. Sample size was 122 according to Slovins’ formula. 41% of the respondents were agreed that proper lightning and temperature of class room plays an essential role in the learning of students and they learned in more suitable way and can enhance their comprehension field. It was noticed that student’s performance and learning enhanced by properly arranging class room environment especially abiotic factors such as light, temperature and air conditions. It was concluded that students are worth of any organization and for proper utilization of their skills it is very important to focus on class room environment
{"title":"Influence of Abiotic Factors on Classroom Environment and Students Learning","authors":"Ummara Rashid, Flashia Ashiq, Abida Asghar Rana, Tehseena Akram, N. Fatima","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501146","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Classroom is a place where student learn numerous skills, knowledge, generate new thoughts and ideas as well as increase their abilities towards affective learning. However, it is noticed school systems are running with dark, congested classrooms that affects student’s learning. The present cross sectional study was designed to assess effect of abiotic component of classroom environment on the students learning. 175 students of Lahore school of nursing at The University of Lahore were considered. Convenience representative method was used. Sample size was 122 according to Slovins’ formula. 41% of the respondents were agreed that proper lightning and temperature of class room plays an essential role in the learning of students and they learned in more suitable way and can enhance their comprehension field. It was noticed that student’s performance and learning enhanced by properly arranging class room environment especially abiotic factors such as light, temperature and air conditions. It was concluded that students are worth of any organization and for proper utilization of their skills it is very important to focus on class room environment","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133344162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501147
SamrahTahir Khan, Hira Idrees, Maryam Aftab, Asmara Imtiaz
ABSTRACT: Nosocomial infections are acquired, during or after being hospitalized. These infections are of high importance and are responsible to cause multiple issues during treatment making the treatment prolonged and economically burdensome. Some common HAI include those caused by Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. These infection are serious and are caused due to multiple factors such as antibiotic resistance, intrinsic factors and the host –environment interaction during the presence of the pathogen. Pakistan being a developing country faces many issues while tackling with nosocomial infections, these not only cause socio-economic burden but also diminish the quality of life. There is no national approach to control and manage the nosocomial infections. This review not only highlights the hospital acquired infections as a serious threat but also clearly guide to adopt a “ manageable approach” so suchpolicies can be made and implemented in the health care system to resolve the problemthrough a systematic and coherent approach.
{"title":"Nosocomial Infections -A Review","authors":"SamrahTahir Khan, Hira Idrees, Maryam Aftab, Asmara Imtiaz","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0501147","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Nosocomial infections are acquired, during or after being hospitalized. These infections are of high importance and are responsible to cause multiple issues during treatment making the treatment prolonged and economically burdensome. Some common HAI include those caused by Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. These infection are serious and are caused due to multiple factors such as antibiotic resistance, intrinsic factors and the host –environment interaction during the presence of the pathogen. Pakistan being a developing country faces many issues while tackling with nosocomial infections, these not only cause socio-economic burden but also diminish the quality of life. There is no national approach to control and manage the nosocomial infections. This review not only highlights the hospital acquired infections as a serious threat but also clearly guide to adopt a “ manageable approach” so suchpolicies can be made and implemented in the health care system to resolve the problemthrough a systematic and coherent approach.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115364546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2020.0404128
Uzma Sarfraz
ABSTRACT: The global population is growing day by day, so the food demand is escalating as well. Traditional farming practices cannot cater to increasing fooddemand. Environmental stresses like global warming, mass flooding, insects attack, droughts are some of the key players affecting crop yield. These factors leave the soil barren for cultivation and attaining the highest yield. These changes demand a selection of an alternative method that is not only environment friendly but also sustainable. Aquaponics provides an ideal system for growing plants in soilless conditions. The Aquaponics system is a dual scheme of growing plants and fish at the same time. These systems utilize different approaches for growing plants and fishes simultaneously. This is through by circulating mechanism of an aquaponic system where fish waste in aquaculture provides nutrients to plants for the nourishment of hydroponic units. And plants purify water by utilizing nitrogen to maintain water for fish survival and growth. An aquaponic system is a sustainable methodology that does not affect the environment like conventional farming and is built on the recycling principle. A variety of vegetables like lettuce, cucumber, coriander, spinach, eggplant, basil are popular among domestic aquaponics farmers. Fishes are selected based on features like temperature for growth, nutritional requirements, etc. This review some of the main aquaponics systems and their components. Different requirements for establishing a successful aquaponic system are discussed. Furthermore, thesustainability of the aquaponic system is investigated, as the aquaponics system saves water and delivers nutritious food at smaller and larger scales
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Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2020.0404124
B. N. Khan, Malik Fiaz Hussain Firdosi, Syed Husnain Ali Asghar, Saba Amreen, Shifa Rabani, Maryam Ilyas, Mubashara Sohail
ABSTRACT: Urbanization and various human activities are adversely affecting freshwater resources. The lowering of ground water table every day and drained water contamination is an alarming threat to potable water for the Lahore city. So, there is need to improve water quality and bioremediation is found as very useful application for reclamation of polluted water. In the current study 4g seeds of Moringa oleifera were used for treatment of one liter sewerage/polluted water. The water samples were collected by completely randomized design (CRM) from six primary drains [Cantt. Drain (CNTD), Sattu Katla Drain (SKD), Lower Chotta Ravi Drain (LCRD), Upper Chotta Ravi Drain (UCRD), Shalimar Escape Channel Drain (SECD) and Shahdra Drain (SHD)] and four houses located within 500m distance around each drain. The houses were named as H1, H2, H3 and H4. Samples were examined for physicochemical parameters including turbidity, pH, Ts, Salinity (%), TSS, TDS, COD, BOD and heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd and Ca) before and after adding Moringa oleifera. Turbidity decreased by 95% after treatment with Moringa oleifera Seed Powder. After treatment with Moringa seeds, there was an increase in values of pH, NaCl (%), TS (mg/l), TSS (mg/l), BOD, Electrical conductivity and TDS (ppm) of all collected samples. Moreover COD of all samples was reduced which is a good measure for water pollution. Mean levels of trace metals were found to be reduced after treatment with MOSP at all sites which strongly advocates for the use of this product for reclamation of polluted waters.
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