Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701239
Gul Arfa, Sadia Tahira, Muhammad Ahmed, Azzam Khan, T. Faridi
Cochlea is a hollow, spiral shaped bone in the inner ear that has sense of hearing and to produce sound. Cochlear problems, or its damage can result in loss of hearing. This study was designed to access intelligibility of speech in children with cochlear implants. A total of 30 subjects (7 to 42 months) from Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry were considered which were implanted with cochlea from October 2012 to December 2012. A pre-designed questionnaire was used for the data collection in order to collect the views from the parents of children with cochlear implants regarding the intelligibility of conversational speech produced by their children. It was noticed a 26 (86.7%) of the 30 youngsters who had cochlear implants were able to understand what was being said by their speakers. Moreover, parents and other listeners try to understand the conversation that cochlear implant’s recipients make. It was concluded cochlear implants found useful and recommended for improving hearing of impaired individuals.
{"title":"Cochlear Implantation and Assessment of Speech in Children","authors":"Gul Arfa, Sadia Tahira, Muhammad Ahmed, Azzam Khan, T. Faridi","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701239","url":null,"abstract":"Cochlea is a hollow, spiral shaped bone in the inner ear that has sense of hearing and to produce sound. Cochlear problems, or its damage can result in loss of hearing. This study was designed to access intelligibility of speech in children with cochlear implants. A total of 30 subjects (7 to 42 months) from Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry were considered which were implanted with cochlea from October 2012 to December 2012. A pre-designed questionnaire was used for the data collection in order to collect the views from the parents of children with cochlear implants regarding the intelligibility of conversational speech produced by their children. It was noticed a 26 (86.7%) of the 30 youngsters who had cochlear implants were able to understand what was being said by their speakers. Moreover, parents and other listeners try to understand the conversation that cochlear implant’s recipients make. It was concluded cochlear implants found useful and recommended for improving hearing of impaired individuals.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116514529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701241
Zenib Raheem, Kaleem Maqsood, Masooma Batool, Humera Naveed, Waheed Haider, Muhammad Amir Iqbal
Clinical mastitis a deadly problem for dairy farmers and economy. Current study was designed to check serum lipid profile alteration with respect to cardiovascular diseases in clinical mastitis cattle. A total of sixty five samples were collected and divided into two groups for this case control study on the basis of clinical examination. For analysis, 40 cases and 25 controls were included. Statistical analysis was done by applying student “t” test using GraphPad Prism software 6.0. There was non-significant reduction (P=0.3) of serum total cholesterol (TC) and pronounced elevation (P=0.01) of triglyceride (TG) in cases as compared to controls. Mastitis group presented mild decrease (P=0.07) in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and highly significant elevation (P=0.0003) of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) as compared to healthy cattle. Moreover, diseased cattle also manifested marked elevation (P=0.01) of very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) as compared to controls. Conclusively, clinical mastitis is associated with painful, swollen udder and abnormalities in milk. It also contributes to dyslipidaemia that could be used as useful indicator for evaluation of cardiovascular risks in cattle with clinical mastitis
{"title":"Lipid Variations as Prognosticators of Cardiovascular Risks in Dairy Cattle with Mastitis","authors":"Zenib Raheem, Kaleem Maqsood, Masooma Batool, Humera Naveed, Waheed Haider, Muhammad Amir Iqbal","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701241","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical mastitis a deadly problem for dairy farmers and economy. Current study was designed to check serum lipid profile alteration with respect to cardiovascular diseases in clinical mastitis cattle. A total of sixty five samples were collected and divided into two groups for this case control study on the basis of clinical examination. For analysis, 40 cases and 25 controls were included. Statistical analysis was done by applying student “t” test using GraphPad Prism software 6.0. There was non-significant reduction (P=0.3) of serum total cholesterol (TC) and pronounced elevation (P=0.01) of triglyceride (TG) in cases as compared to controls. Mastitis group presented mild decrease (P=0.07) in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and highly significant elevation (P=0.0003) of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) as compared to healthy cattle. Moreover, diseased cattle also manifested marked elevation (P=0.01) of very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) as compared to controls. Conclusively, clinical mastitis is associated with painful, swollen udder and abnormalities in milk. It also contributes to dyslipidaemia that could be used as useful indicator for evaluation of cardiovascular risks in cattle with clinical mastitis","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132819091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701237
Sarmad Bilal, Rizwan Ahmed Khan, N. Malkani
Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases especially cancer. Numerous studies have been performed to examine the relation between obesity and different types of gastrointestinal cancer. However, involvement of obesity in overall gastrointestinal cancer risk is not very clear. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of obesity and overall gastrointestinal cancer risk. A thorough systematic search were performed on PubMed, MEDLINE and other databases and relevant studies were identified and scrutinised. A random effect model was used to calculate the correlation using risk ratio (RR) at 95% confidence interval. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. A total of 56 studies were used to perform meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio calculated showed a significant relation between obesity and gastrointestinal cancer risk (RR = 1.742, 95% CI =1.54 - 1.96, P< 0.001). Subgroup analysis was also performed for different types of gastrointestinal cancer such as oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. The pooled risk ratio for each type of gastrointestinal cancer was found to be RR = 2.376 (oesophageal cancer), RR = 1.131 (stomach cancer), RR = 1.976 (liver cancer), RR = 1.474 (pancreatic cancer), and RR = 1.428 (colorectal cancer). There was observed no significant bias in the study. This study suggested that obesity is significantly associated with risk of gastrointestinal cancer especially oesophageal cancer. However, further investigations and large clinical trials are required to make an impactful and conclusive statement about this association.
{"title":"Association of obesity with the occurrence of Gastrointestinal cancer- A meta-analysis","authors":"Sarmad Bilal, Rizwan Ahmed Khan, N. Malkani","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701237","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases especially cancer. Numerous studies have been performed to examine the relation between obesity and different types of gastrointestinal cancer. However, involvement of obesity in overall gastrointestinal cancer risk is not very clear. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of obesity and overall gastrointestinal cancer risk. A thorough systematic search were performed on PubMed, MEDLINE and other databases and relevant studies were identified and scrutinised. A random effect model was used to calculate the correlation using risk ratio (RR) at 95% confidence interval. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. A total of 56 studies were used to perform meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio calculated showed a significant relation between obesity and gastrointestinal cancer risk (RR = 1.742, 95% CI =1.54 - 1.96, P< 0.001). Subgroup analysis was also performed for different types of gastrointestinal cancer such as oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. The pooled risk ratio for each type of gastrointestinal cancer was found to be RR = 2.376 (oesophageal cancer), RR = 1.131 (stomach cancer), RR = 1.976 (liver cancer), RR = 1.474 (pancreatic cancer), and RR = 1.428 (colorectal cancer). There was observed no significant bias in the study. This study suggested that obesity is significantly associated with risk of gastrointestinal cancer especially oesophageal cancer. However, further investigations and large clinical trials are required to make an impactful and conclusive statement about this association.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123977491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701243
Bushra Nisar Khan, Nageen Hussain, Abida Butt, Aneela Durani, Amina Tufail, Rida Ahmad, Ali Raza
The evolution of methods for keeping wild animals in captivity can be traced back many centuries. The desire to keep animals in captivity for recreational purposes led to the development of several zoological parks after man adopted a more settled way of life. These zoos, aquariums, and other animal sanctuaries must now serve a more serious purpose, one that goes beyond entertainment. Around 700 million people visit zoos and aquariums each year, as reported by WAZA (World Association of Zoos and Aquariums). True zoos and aquariums provide special opportunities for local communities to get involved in protecting wildlife. In addition, zoological parks are widely acknowledged for the invaluable contributions they make to conservation and scientific study by means of the animals and plants in their living collections. This research was devised to evaluate the conservation and educational impact of the Lahore Zoological Gardens, the Bahawalpur Zoological Gardens, and the Marghazar Zoological Gardens. In general, the results showed that the Lahore Zoo was the best of the selected zoos. However, for a variety of reasons (including a lack of a zoo animal keeper training programme, poor record keeping, inbreeding, inadequate housing, inadequate veterinary care, an inadequate animal collection plan, the absence of an on-site animal nutritionist, and a lack of or improper public education and awareness programming), the Lahore Zoo did not meet WAZA standards so far.
{"title":"Evaluation of Zoological Gardens in Punjab in Public Education and Captive Wildlife Conservation","authors":"Bushra Nisar Khan, Nageen Hussain, Abida Butt, Aneela Durani, Amina Tufail, Rida Ahmad, Ali Raza","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701243","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of methods for keeping wild animals in captivity can be traced back many centuries. The desire to keep animals in captivity for recreational purposes led to the development of several zoological parks after man adopted a more settled way of life. These zoos, aquariums, and other animal sanctuaries must now serve a more serious purpose, one that goes beyond entertainment. Around 700 million people visit zoos and aquariums each year, as reported by WAZA (World Association of Zoos and Aquariums). True zoos and aquariums provide special opportunities for local communities to get involved in protecting wildlife. In addition, zoological parks are widely acknowledged for the invaluable contributions they make to conservation and scientific study by means of the animals and plants in their living collections. This research was devised to evaluate the conservation and educational impact of the Lahore Zoological Gardens, the Bahawalpur Zoological Gardens, and the Marghazar Zoological Gardens. In general, the results showed that the Lahore Zoo was the best of the selected zoos. However, for a variety of reasons (including a lack of a zoo animal keeper training programme, poor record keeping, inbreeding, inadequate housing, inadequate veterinary care, an inadequate animal collection plan, the absence of an on-site animal nutritionist, and a lack of or improper public education and awareness programming), the Lahore Zoo did not meet WAZA standards so far.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131061056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701242
N. Arshad, Muhammad Ahmad Naeem, Muhammad Bilal, Sayeda Kiran Aftab, Fatima Mahrukh, Lecturer
Infertility is a disease and cervical abnormalities of the genital tract in females may cause this condition. To evaluate the cervical abnormalities related to infertility in females a systematic review was done. Related literature were collected via Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Medscape. For article searching following keywords were used: cervical abnormalities, infertility, uterine anomalies, and cervical factors. As the literature reviewed, more than 60 articles were studied, from which only 45 articles were added. The study suggested that many cervical abnormalities affect fertility including the poor interaction of mucus and sperm in the cervix, cervical cancer, dilatation and stenosis of the cervix, wall irregularities, diverticulum, masses, and metaplasia of the cervix. Some of the microorganisms also affect cervical functions causing infertility. It is concluded that cervical abnormalities can be related to infertility.
{"title":"Cervical Abnormalities are related to Infertility: A Review","authors":"N. Arshad, Muhammad Ahmad Naeem, Muhammad Bilal, Sayeda Kiran Aftab, Fatima Mahrukh, Lecturer","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701242","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility is a disease and cervical abnormalities of the genital tract in females may cause this condition. To evaluate the cervical abnormalities related to infertility in females a systematic review was done. Related literature were collected via Google Scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Medscape. For article searching following keywords were used: cervical abnormalities, infertility, uterine anomalies, and cervical factors. As the literature reviewed, more than 60 articles were studied, from which only 45 articles were added. The study suggested that many cervical abnormalities affect fertility including the poor interaction of mucus and sperm in the cervix, cervical cancer, dilatation and stenosis of the cervix, wall irregularities, diverticulum, masses, and metaplasia of the cervix. Some of the microorganisms also affect cervical functions causing infertility. It is concluded that cervical abnormalities can be related to infertility.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122034076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701236
Sajida Munir, M. Ahsan, Saddam Hussain
Wild animals are very important for our ecosystem maintenance. In the last few decades, the rate of animal’s accident on roads has increased due to heavy traffic. This research was carried out to find the reasons for road mortality of animals on Bhalwal Road, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. It was noticed various animals like rats, porcupines, lizards, snakes, turtles and jackals lived in crops and trees that were found around the road and they were killed by road traffic while crossing the roads. It was seen that almost 80 to 90 % of road mortality was due to over speed driving. Moreover, the travellers were not aware of the importance of these common wildlife, so they did not bother the animals moving on the road. It was observed that most of the animals that killed on roads belonged to reptiles (Monitor Lizards’), amphibians (Frogs and Tortoise) birds (crow) and mammals (Jackals, mouse, dogs, cats and porcupines). It was concluded in the study that there is a need to highlight the importance of wild animals for the locals, travellers and also for the stakeholders that start work on mitigation strategies that help to conserve these wild animals.
{"title":"Wildlife Mortality on Single Track Bhalwal Road, Sargodha, Pakistan","authors":"Sajida Munir, M. Ahsan, Saddam Hussain","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701236","url":null,"abstract":"Wild animals are very important for our ecosystem maintenance. In the last few decades, the rate of animal’s accident on roads has increased due to heavy traffic. This research was carried out to find the reasons for road mortality of animals on Bhalwal Road, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. It was noticed various animals like rats, porcupines, lizards, snakes, turtles and jackals lived in crops and trees that were found around the road and they were killed by road traffic while crossing the roads. It was seen that almost 80 to 90 % of road mortality was due to over speed driving. Moreover, the travellers were not aware of the importance of these common wildlife, so they did not bother the animals moving on the road. It was observed that most of the animals that killed on roads belonged to reptiles (Monitor Lizards’), amphibians (Frogs and Tortoise) birds (crow) and mammals (Jackals, mouse, dogs, cats and porcupines). It was concluded in the study that there is a need to highlight the importance of wild animals for the locals, travellers and also for the stakeholders that start work on mitigation strategies that help to conserve these wild animals.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126077081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701238
Sana Javaid Awan, Javeria Hafeez, Tayyaba Ajmal, Shafaq Hafeez, Fajjar Azhar, Sehar Munir, Faria Zainab, Nadia Khan, Shamalia Inayat
SARS-CoV-2 a RNA virus, is a novel virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and has caused the most lethal pandemic of the current century. Various variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been circulating since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. Its variants are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delt, Mu and Omicron. The fusion of the viral envelope and host membrane occurs when the spike protein of the virus interacts with the host's ACE2 receptor, resulting in the release of viral RNA into the cytoplasm of the host cell. This process is a crucial step in the viral replication cycle, as it allows the virus to hijack the host cell's machinery to produce more copies of itself. Post-COVID-19 complications such as reduced blood flow to the pancreas, myocardial damage and elevated blood clotting levels have been observed. Studies have shown that individuals with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19. There is still an ongoing debate among experts regarding the impact of asthma as a premorbid condition on the course of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The goal of this review is to give a general description of SARS-CoV-2 and highlight COVID-19's potentially negative effects on health.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 in Diabetes, Asthma, and Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"Sana Javaid Awan, Javeria Hafeez, Tayyaba Ajmal, Shafaq Hafeez, Fajjar Azhar, Sehar Munir, Faria Zainab, Nadia Khan, Shamalia Inayat","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2023.0701238","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 a RNA virus, is a novel virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and has caused the most lethal pandemic of the current century. Various variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been circulating since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. Its variants are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delt, Mu and Omicron. The fusion of the viral envelope and host membrane occurs when the spike protein of the virus interacts with the host's ACE2 receptor, resulting in the release of viral RNA into the cytoplasm of the host cell. This process is a crucial step in the viral replication cycle, as it allows the virus to hijack the host cell's machinery to produce more copies of itself. Post-COVID-19 complications such as reduced blood flow to the pancreas, myocardial damage and elevated blood clotting levels have been observed. Studies have shown that individuals with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19. There is still an ongoing debate among experts regarding the impact of asthma as a premorbid condition on the course of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The goal of this review is to give a general description of SARS-CoV-2 and highlight COVID-19's potentially negative effects on health.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122154616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604231
Muhammad Saaed Zafar Khan, Javaid Qazi, A. Aslam, Z. Kamal, Ummarah Rasheed
During COVID 19 pandemic every home-bound school, college, and university student was using computers and electronic gadgets for social networking and online education. To assess the effects of these gadgets on ocular and vision-related problems, very little research had been done on the Pakistani population, especially among university students. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 355 students of University of the Punjab. Questionnaire-based data were collected by measurement of tearfilm breakup time(TBUT), the number of corneal dry spots, Schirmer’s test, and conjunctival impression cytology(CIC). Pearson correlation analysis was done on CIC score versus TBUT, Schirmer’s test and Goblet Cell Density (GCD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for mean comparison of visual acuity, TBUT, cornea spots, and Schirmer’s test to see the significance of the results. P-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out ofthe 355 students, 65% were females. The mean age of the students was 22.30 ± 6.8 years. At each level of visual acuity, there was no statistically significant difference between the meansof the different levels of visual acuity (F=0.488, p=0.614). A statistically significant meandifference was found between CIC score and TBUT (F=208.45p=<0.001), CIC score andcornea spot (F=39.31, p=<0.001), CIC score and Schirmer’s test (F=5.83, p=0.001). Forthe early diagnosis and management of CVS, in addition to applying the validated questionnaire and clinical dry eye tests, the Conjunctival impression cytology can be tested on a larger population to be proven as a gold slandered test.
{"title":"Correlation of Conjunctival Impression Cytology and Clinical Examination in University Students at Lahore during the COVID-19","authors":"Muhammad Saaed Zafar Khan, Javaid Qazi, A. Aslam, Z. Kamal, Ummarah Rasheed","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604231","url":null,"abstract":"During COVID 19 pandemic every home-bound school, college, and university student was using computers and electronic gadgets for social networking and online education. To assess the effects of these gadgets on ocular and vision-related problems, very little research had been done on the Pakistani population, especially among university students. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 355 students of University of the Punjab. Questionnaire-based data were collected by measurement of tearfilm breakup time(TBUT), the number of corneal dry spots, Schirmer’s test, and conjunctival impression cytology(CIC). Pearson correlation analysis was done on CIC score versus TBUT, Schirmer’s test and Goblet Cell Density (GCD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for mean comparison of visual acuity, TBUT, cornea spots, and Schirmer’s test to see the significance of the results. P-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out ofthe 355 students, 65% were females. The mean age of the students was 22.30 ± 6.8 years. At each level of visual acuity, there was no statistically significant difference between the meansof the different levels of visual acuity (F=0.488, p=0.614). A statistically significant meandifference was found between CIC score and TBUT (F=208.45p=<0.001), CIC score andcornea spot (F=39.31, p=<0.001), CIC score and Schirmer’s test (F=5.83, p=0.001). Forthe early diagnosis and management of CVS, in addition to applying the validated questionnaire and clinical dry eye tests, the Conjunctival impression cytology can be tested on a larger population to be proven as a gold slandered test.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132799641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604230
Shama Sadaf, S. Naz, Wajeeha Salamat, A. Saeed, S. Sharif, Komal Hassan, Zeeshan Ahmad
Microorganisms are present everywhere in the environment and can be helpful for mankind in number of ways. Their harmful effects on cloths can be prevented by using a simple antimicrobial finish in fabrics. In this cross-sectional study, an eco-friendly antimicrobial finisher were extracted from leaves of Azadirachata indica, Butea monosperma and Litchi chinensis plants and applied on 100% polyester. The plant leaves were extracted, grinded, soaked and filtered by Whatman filter paper. It was concentrated by rotatory evaporator. The antimicrobial finish was applied on polyester fabric by the pad dry cure method and fixed by using polyurethane binder. The presence of antimicrobial finish on fabric was checked by ASTEM E2149 shake flask method. There was no microbial growth, even after 22 hours or after 6 days interval in experimental group. The eco-friendly antimicrobial finishes made 89% reduction in microbial growth. All three experimental group do not allow any microbial colony to grow while eight colonies were observed in control group. Extract obtained from L chinensis may cause little damage in surface of fabric. So, it was concluded Antimicrobial finishes are suitable to provide protection against microorganisms and can be used for the medical industry, paramedical staff, sportswear, home furnishing as well as for use of common people.
{"title":"Effect of Plant based Antimicrobial finishes on Polyester fabric","authors":"Shama Sadaf, S. Naz, Wajeeha Salamat, A. Saeed, S. Sharif, Komal Hassan, Zeeshan Ahmad","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604230","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms are present everywhere in the environment and can be helpful for mankind in number of ways. Their harmful effects on cloths can be prevented by using a simple antimicrobial finish in fabrics. In this cross-sectional study, an eco-friendly antimicrobial finisher were extracted from leaves of Azadirachata indica, Butea monosperma and Litchi chinensis plants and applied on 100% polyester. The plant leaves were extracted, grinded, soaked and filtered by Whatman filter paper. It was concentrated by rotatory evaporator. The antimicrobial finish was applied on polyester fabric by the pad dry cure method and fixed by using polyurethane binder. The presence of antimicrobial finish on fabric was checked by ASTEM E2149 shake flask method. There was no microbial growth, even after 22 hours or after 6 days interval in experimental group. The eco-friendly antimicrobial finishes made 89% reduction in microbial growth. All three experimental group do not allow any microbial colony to grow while eight colonies were observed in control group. Extract obtained from L chinensis may cause little damage in surface of fabric. So, it was concluded Antimicrobial finishes are suitable to provide protection against microorganisms and can be used for the medical industry, paramedical staff, sportswear, home furnishing as well as for use of common people.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129192419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604229
M. Ayub, G. Joshua, S. Nadeem, S. Awan, Z. B. Mirza, Anis-ur-Rahman
Water is an important constituent of life’s support system. However, industrial growth, urbanization and anthropogenic activities have affected the quality of water bodies mostly in the world. The aim of the study was to assess the water quality of Rawal Lake, Pakistan, which is source of drinking water for the residents of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, using macro-invertebrates as pollution indicators, and through microbial and heavy metal analysis. For this purpose, macro-invertebrates and water samples were collected from Rawal Lake (Korang Nala Entrance), Rawal Lake (Centre) and from Rawal Lake (Spillway) points. The collected samples were preserved and transported to the Kinnaird College laboratory, where macro-invertebrates like caddisfly, water boatman, water bugs, gilled snails, mayflies etc. were identified with the help of identification guides and keys, while the presence of E. coli and heavy metals: Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese and Zinc in the water samples was assessed. The results showed that pollution sensitive macro-invertebrates were mostly found in Rawal Lake (Centre), indicating that the water undergoes a self-cleaning process, whereas, water samples of Rawal Lake (Korang Nala Entrance), Rawal Lake (Spillway) had mostly pollution tolerant species, which signified that the water of these areas was moderately polluted. Simpsons’ Index of Diversity for Rawal Lake indicated a high level of diversity in the area (0.85). Microbial analysis indicated the presence of E. coli in all the three sampling points of the lake. The levels of Cadmium (Korang Nala 0.007 ppm, Spillway 0.014 ppm) were found toexceed the World Health Organization permissible limits (0.005 ppm), in the water samples, however, the concentration values of other metals were within the permissible limits. Thus, it was concluded that the water of Rawal Lake was considered fit for drinking and other purposes in residential and commercial areas after being processed through a treatment plant.
水是生命维持系统的重要组成部分。然而，在世界范围内，工业增长、城市化和人为活动对水体质量的影响最大。该研究的目的是利用大型无脊椎动物作为污染指标，并通过微生物和重金属分析，评估巴基斯坦拉瓦尔湖的水质。拉瓦尔湖是伊斯兰堡和拉瓦尔品第居民的饮用水来源。为此，从拉瓦尔湖(Korang Nala入口)、拉瓦尔湖(中心)和拉瓦尔湖(溢洪道)各点采集了大型无脊椎动物和水样。收集到的样品被保存并运送到Kinnaird学院实验室，在那里使用鉴定指南和钥匙鉴定了大型无脊椎动物，如caddisfly, water boatman, water bugs，鳃螺，mayflies等，同时评估了大肠杆菌和重金属:镉，铜，铬，钴，镍，锰和锌在水样中的存在。结果表明:罗瓦尔湖(中部)以污染敏感型大型无脊椎动物居多，表明水体经历了一个自清洁过程;而罗瓦尔湖(Korang Nala入口)、罗瓦尔湖(溢洪道)水样以耐污染型物种居多，表明这些地区的水体受到中度污染。拉瓦尔湖的simpson多样性指数(0.85)表明该地区生物多样性水平较高。微生物分析表明，三个采样点均存在大肠杆菌。在水样中发现镉的含量(Korang Nala为0.007 ppm, Spillway为0.014 ppm)超过了世界卫生组织允许的限值(0.005 ppm)，但其他金属的浓度值在允许的范围内。因此，得出的结论是，Rawal湖的水经过处理厂的处理后，被认为适合住宅和商业区的饮用和其他用途。
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