Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604232
H. Hashmi, N. Jamil
Antibiotic resistance is increasing with every passing day globally and it has become common not only in clinical settings but also in different environments. Aquatic systems are major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. In this study, we have isolated the antibiotic resistance bacteria from aquatic systems including river Ravi, fish farm and underground drinking water source. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were studied, bacteria were isolated, gram staining and genus identification was done by following the Burgey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. While, antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by following the disk diffusion method and CLSI guidelines. Multiple antibiotic resistant indexes were calculated. There was no significant discrepancy in physical and chemical parameters of water samples whereas in microbiological parameters, a variable number of bacteria were found in all 3 water samples indicating the presence of microbial contamination. A total of 33 bacterial strains were identified including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus species. Out of 10 classes of antibiotics, resistant against 8 classes were identified. Organisms isolated from river Ravi were the most resistant isolates. Most of the organisms were resistant to Penicillins, Carbapenems and Cephalosporins. MAR index of isolated strains ranges from 0.43 to 0.88. AMR is common in all environmental water samples indicating a threat to human food safety
{"title":"Antibiotic resistant bacteria in diverse ecological water samples are a threat to Human Food security","authors":"H. Hashmi, N. Jamil","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604232","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is increasing with every passing day globally and it has become common not only in clinical settings but also in different environments. Aquatic systems are major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. In this study, we have isolated the antibiotic resistance bacteria from aquatic systems including river Ravi, fish farm and underground drinking water source. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were studied, bacteria were isolated, gram staining and genus identification was done by following the Burgey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. While, antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by following the disk diffusion method and CLSI guidelines. Multiple antibiotic resistant indexes were calculated. There was no significant discrepancy in physical and chemical parameters of water samples whereas in microbiological parameters, a variable number of bacteria were found in all 3 water samples indicating the presence of microbial contamination. A total of 33 bacterial strains were identified including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus species. Out of 10 classes of antibiotics, resistant against 8 classes were identified. Organisms isolated from river Ravi were the most resistant isolates. Most of the organisms were resistant to Penicillins, Carbapenems and Cephalosporins. MAR index of isolated strains ranges from 0.43 to 0.88. AMR is common in all environmental water samples indicating a threat to human food safety","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121369877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604234
M. A. Naeem, Humaira Rauf, Sayeda Kiran Aftab, Fatima Mahrukh, Akash John, Warda Kiran
Fetal growth retardation is described as infants whose weights are much less than expected. Population based norms are used to categorize abnormal growths. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of intrauterine growth retardation on antenatal ultrasound scan. It was an observational descriptive study conducted at the Radiology Department of Fatima Memorial Hospital, Shadman Lahore. Patients visited the Ultrasound Department for Obstetric scan. The study was conducted in 6 months from January to June in 2022. The sample size of 87 was calculated for study with expected rate of 9% of pregnancies resulted in intrauterine growth retardation at 5% level of significance at 5% margin of error. The study included pregnant females in third trimesters of pregnancy. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. A total of 87 obstetric ultrasounds were performed during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 28.69 ±4.46 years with age range 20-42. The 87 included patients showed mean gestational age 35.29 ±2.50 weeks. The mean biparietal diameter was 8.69±0.57 cm and abdominal circumference was 29.72±3.03 cm. The mean fetal body weight is 2.52±0.59 kg. The frequency of intrauterine growth retardation was 10.3%. Fetal biometry, biophysical profile and Doppler studies were helpful in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation and evaluation of ultrasound parameters in third trimester.
胎儿发育迟缓被描述为婴儿的体重比预期的要少得多。以人口为基础的标准用于对异常增长进行分类。本研究的目的是在产前超声扫描中确定宫内发育迟缓的频率。这是一项在拉合尔沙德曼法蒂玛纪念医院放射科进行的观察性描述性研究。患者到超声科进行产科扫描。该研究是在2022年1月至6月的6个月内进行的。该研究的样本量为87，预期妊娠率为9%，导致子宫内生长迟缓，显著性水平为5%，误差范围为5%。该研究包括妊娠晚期的怀孕女性。数据采用SPSS version 20进行分析。研究期间共进行了87次产科超声检查。患者平均年龄28.69±4.46岁，年龄20 ~ 42岁。87例患者平均胎龄为35.29±2.50周。平均双顶径为8.69±0.57 cm，腹围为29.72±3.03 cm。平均胎重2.52±0.59 kg。宫内发育迟缓发生率为10.3%。胎儿生物测量、生物物理特征和多普勒检查有助于妊娠晚期宫内发育迟缓的诊断和超声参数的评价。
{"title":"Prevalence of Intrauterine Growth Retardation on Antenatal Ultrasound Scan in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"M. A. Naeem, Humaira Rauf, Sayeda Kiran Aftab, Fatima Mahrukh, Akash John, Warda Kiran","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604234","url":null,"abstract":"Fetal growth retardation is described as infants whose weights are much less than expected. Population based norms are used to categorize abnormal growths. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of intrauterine growth retardation on antenatal ultrasound scan. It was an observational descriptive study conducted at the Radiology Department of Fatima Memorial Hospital, Shadman Lahore. Patients visited the Ultrasound Department for Obstetric scan. The study was conducted in 6 months from January to June in 2022. The sample size of 87 was calculated for study with expected rate of 9% of pregnancies resulted in intrauterine growth retardation at 5% level of significance at 5% margin of error. The study included pregnant females in third trimesters of pregnancy. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. A total of 87 obstetric ultrasounds were performed during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 28.69 ±4.46 years with age range 20-42. The 87 included patients showed mean gestational age 35.29 ±2.50 weeks. The mean biparietal diameter was 8.69±0.57 cm and abdominal circumference was 29.72±3.03 cm. The mean fetal body weight is 2.52±0.59 kg. The frequency of intrauterine growth retardation was 10.3%. Fetal biometry, biophysical profile and Doppler studies were helpful in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation and evaluation of ultrasound parameters in third trimester.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133821787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604233
Rimsha Dilshad, R. Batool
In this study, a relationship between antibiotic and heavy metal resistance was estimated among culturable bacterial strains of agriculture farm and soap industry soil.A total of 27 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their antibiotic and heavy metal resistance by supplementing LB agar medium with variable concentrations of respectivestress. On LB-agar medium, agriculture farm soil harboured more cultivable bacterial strains (17 bacterial strains) as compared to the soap industry soil (10 bacterial strains).Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics for bacterial strains ranged from 20μg/ml to 000μg/ml while MIC of heavy metals had a range of 20μg/ml-2000μg/ml for Nickel, Copper, and Mercury whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration of lead and chromium was up to 10,000μg/ml and 250,000μg/ml respectively. A high rate of co-resistance forStreptomycin with Lead and copper and Ampicillin with lead was observed in 90% of industrial soil bacterial strains. In conclusion, multiple antibiotic resistance and antibioticheavymetal co-resistance in bacteria strains could be due to contamination of soil with any sort of heavy metals or the diversity of population inhabiting that particular site. Antibiotic resistance can also be attributed to the horizontal gene transfer in bacteria.
{"title":"Co-resistance of Antibiotics and Heavy metals in Bacterial Strains Isolated from Agriculture Farm and Soap Industry","authors":"Rimsha Dilshad, R. Batool","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0604233","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a relationship between antibiotic and heavy metal resistance was estimated among culturable bacterial strains of agriculture farm and soap industry soil.A total of 27 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their antibiotic and heavy metal resistance by supplementing LB agar medium with variable concentrations of respectivestress. On LB-agar medium, agriculture farm soil harboured more cultivable bacterial strains (17 bacterial strains) as compared to the soap industry soil (10 bacterial strains).Minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics for bacterial strains ranged from 20μg/ml to 000μg/ml while MIC of heavy metals had a range of 20μg/ml-2000μg/ml for Nickel, Copper, and Mercury whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration of lead and chromium was up to 10,000μg/ml and 250,000μg/ml respectively. A high rate of co-resistance forStreptomycin with Lead and copper and Ampicillin with lead was observed in 90% of industrial soil bacterial strains. In conclusion, multiple antibiotic resistance and antibioticheavymetal co-resistance in bacteria strains could be due to contamination of soil with any sort of heavy metals or the diversity of population inhabiting that particular site. Antibiotic resistance can also be attributed to the horizontal gene transfer in bacteria.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131585691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603227
M. Saeed, N. Zahra, A. Saeed, Syed Hussain Imam Abidi, Q. Syed
Syzygium cumini L. seeds have been documented in traditional medicine in Pakistan. The current research was aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics, polyphenols and antioxidants of S. cumini seed. The physical characteristics such as the color of S. cumini seed were white to pink, the shapes resembled to oblong and coarse texture. The length, width and weight of fresh S. cumini seed were found to be (18.20±0.81mm, 11.05±0.41mm and 1.80±0.16g), respectively while the color of dried S. cumini seeds were light brown to brown,rhombus in shape with loutish texture. The average length, width and weight of dried S. cumini seeds were 16.47±0.45; 10.14±0.25 mm and 0.75±0.12 g respectively. S. cumini seeds powder were evaluated for their chemical composition e.g. carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fiber, moisture content and ash (77.27±2.50, 3.62±0.30, 6.25±0.55, 10.30±1.20 and 1.55±0.11 g/100g), respectively. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content was performed it was found that the methanolic and water extract had 52±1.65 and 40±1.25 mg GAE/g content. Free radical scavenging activity was also evaluated to estimate the antioxidant property of extract. Among tested extracts maximum % inhibition 96.61±1.90% was found in methanol extract and 69.30±1.56% in water extract, while BHT has % inhibition 50.70±1.32% at concentration 100 μg/ml. Similarly in reducing power activity assay the maximum absorbance 1.4704±0.05 was shown by methanol extract and 1.2075±0.03 in water extract of S. cumini seed powder respectively which was compared with BHT (0.9207±0.02). Therefore, it was concluded that these Syzygium Cumini L. seeds traditional medicinal plants provide a good source of nutrients, namely protein, fiber and natural antioxidants.
在巴基斯坦的传统医学中有文献记载。本研究旨在对小茴香种子的理化特性、多酚类物质及抗氧化剂进行研究。小茴香种子的物理性状为白色至粉红色，形状似长方形，质地粗糙。新鲜种子的长(18.20±0.81mm)、宽(11.05±0.41mm)、重(1.80±0.16g)，干燥种子的颜色为浅褐色至褐色，形状呈菱形，质地粗大。干籽平均长、宽、重为16.47±0.45;10.14±0.25 mm, 0.75±0.12 g。测定了芝麻籽粉的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维、水分和灰分的化学成分(分别为77.27±2.50、3.62±0.30、6.25±0.55、10.30±1.20和1.55±0.11 g/100g)。对总酚含量进行定量分析，发现甲醇和水提取物的总酚含量分别为52±1.65和40±1.25 mg GAE/g。通过自由基清除活性的评价来评价提取物的抗氧化性能。在100 μg/ml浓度下，甲醇提取物的抑制率为96.61±1.90%，水提取物的抑制率为69.30±1.56%，BHT的抑制率为50.70±1.32%。在还原活性试验中，甲醇提取物的最大吸光度为1.4704±0.05，水提取物的最大吸光度为1.2075±0.03,BHT的最大吸光度为0.9207±0.02。综上所述，这些传统药用植物种子提供了良好的营养来源，即蛋白质、纤维和天然抗氧化剂。
{"title":"Syzygium Cumini L. Seed A Potent Source of Fiber, Protein and Natural Antioxidants","authors":"M. Saeed, N. Zahra, A. Saeed, Syed Hussain Imam Abidi, Q. Syed","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603227","url":null,"abstract":"Syzygium cumini L. seeds have been documented in traditional medicine in Pakistan. The current research was aimed to assess the physicochemical characteristics, polyphenols and antioxidants of S. cumini seed. The physical characteristics such as the color of S. cumini seed were white to pink, the shapes resembled to oblong and coarse texture. The length, width and weight of fresh S. cumini seed were found to be (18.20±0.81mm, 11.05±0.41mm and 1.80±0.16g), respectively while the color of dried S. cumini seeds were light brown to brown,rhombus in shape with loutish texture. The average length, width and weight of dried S. cumini seeds were 16.47±0.45; 10.14±0.25 mm and 0.75±0.12 g respectively. S. cumini seeds powder were evaluated for their chemical composition e.g. carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fiber, moisture content and ash (77.27±2.50, 3.62±0.30, 6.25±0.55, 10.30±1.20 and 1.55±0.11 g/100g), respectively. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content was performed it was found that the methanolic and water extract had 52±1.65 and 40±1.25 mg GAE/g content. Free radical scavenging activity was also evaluated to estimate the antioxidant property of extract. Among tested extracts maximum % inhibition 96.61±1.90% was found in methanol extract and 69.30±1.56% in water extract, while BHT has % inhibition 50.70±1.32% at concentration 100 μg/ml. Similarly in reducing power activity assay the maximum absorbance 1.4704±0.05 was shown by methanol extract and 1.2075±0.03 in water extract of S. cumini seed powder respectively which was compared with BHT (0.9207±0.02). Therefore, it was concluded that these Syzygium Cumini L. seeds traditional medicinal plants provide a good source of nutrients, namely protein, fiber and natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"10 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134052183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603228
M. Shahzadi, Bareera Saeed, Muhammad Azzam Khan, Amna Rashid, Muhammad Bilal, Roma Imtiaz, T. Faridi
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological condition in which there is rapid deterioration of the brain and it affects around 50 million people globally. The most obvious sign of Alzheimer’s is dementia which is primarily an affliction of old age. Majority of the people presenting with dementia in old age are Alzheimer’s patients. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are debilitating and have the ability to utterly disrupt a person's normal life. It is only discovered after this terrible disease has destroyed all neurons, thus there is little chance to cure it or reverse the adverse effects. There are two types of techniques for detecting Alzheimer's disease: invasive and non-invasive techniques. Invasive method obtains data from the patient bydrawing a small amount of blood or performing a lumbar puncture, whereas noninvasive method collects data using imaging techniques like MRI and CT scan. Invasive technique, on the other hand, is thought to be a more accurate indicator of Alzheimer's disease than non-invasive technique since it provides strong biomarkers. Once Alzheimer's disease has progressed to its final stage, it is incurable. Treatment is only viable when the disease is in its initial stages. Future treatments for Alzheimer's disease will focus on the causative maladies of neurofibrillary tangles (ptau) and senile plaques (A). The pathological traits connected to debilitating disease, special protein, b proteins, are critical for future therapeutics
{"title":"A Review on the Techniques for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"M. Shahzadi, Bareera Saeed, Muhammad Azzam Khan, Amna Rashid, Muhammad Bilal, Roma Imtiaz, T. Faridi","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603228","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological condition in which there is rapid deterioration of the brain and it affects around 50 million people globally. The most obvious sign of Alzheimer’s is dementia which is primarily an affliction of old age. Majority of the people presenting with dementia in old age are Alzheimer’s patients. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are debilitating and have the ability to utterly disrupt a person's normal life. It is only discovered after this terrible disease has destroyed all neurons, thus there is little chance to cure it or reverse the adverse effects. There are two types of techniques for detecting Alzheimer's disease: invasive and non-invasive techniques. Invasive method obtains data from the patient bydrawing a small amount of blood or performing a lumbar puncture, whereas noninvasive method collects data using imaging techniques like MRI and CT scan. Invasive technique, on the other hand, is thought to be a more accurate indicator of Alzheimer's disease than non-invasive technique since it provides strong biomarkers. Once Alzheimer's disease has progressed to its final stage, it is incurable. Treatment is only viable when the disease is in its initial stages. Future treatments for Alzheimer's disease will focus on the causative maladies of neurofibrillary tangles (ptau) and senile plaques (A). The pathological traits connected to debilitating disease, special protein, b proteins, are critical for future therapeutics","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122166697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603225
S. Sabri, R. Batool, M. S. Akhtar
The present study was aimed to isolate and examine the reduction potential of chromium resistant bacteria. For this purpose, 10 chromium resistant bacterial strains were isolated from three different samples, collected from effluents of industries. These isolated strains were designated as A, B1, B2, C, L1, L2, L3, M, I1, and I2. All strains were able to resist up to 3500 μg/ml of potassium chromate on Lagar. At optimum pH 7 and temperature 37 ℃, all isolated strains showed optimum reduction potential. The strain B1 and L3 showed 97% reduction potential in DE broth while B1 in L-broth and I2 in acetate minimal broth showed 98% and 97% reduction potential respectively. In the case of artificial sewage water, strain M and L2 showed 94% reduction potential. In sample-1 of domestic sewage water (sterile), B2 showed 94% while I2 (non-sterile) had maximum reduction potential. Sample-2 (A, C, L2, I1) from domestic sewage water (non-sterile) had 96% and A, C, L2, I1 (sterile) also showed a 96% maximum reduction potential.
{"title":"Reduction of Chromium (VI) by indigenous bacteria isolated from industrial effluents of Pakistan","authors":"S. Sabri, R. Batool, M. S. Akhtar","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603225","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed to isolate and examine the reduction potential of chromium resistant bacteria. For this purpose, 10 chromium resistant bacterial strains were isolated from three different samples, collected from effluents of industries. These isolated strains were designated as A, B1, B2, C, L1, L2, L3, M, I1, and I2. All strains were able to resist up to 3500 μg/ml of potassium chromate on Lagar. At optimum pH 7 and temperature 37 ℃, all isolated strains showed optimum reduction potential. The strain B1 and L3 showed 97% reduction potential in DE broth while B1 in L-broth and I2 in acetate minimal broth showed 98% and 97% reduction potential respectively. In the case of artificial sewage water, strain M and L2 showed 94% reduction potential. In sample-1 of domestic sewage water (sterile), B2 showed 94% while I2 (non-sterile) had maximum reduction potential. Sample-2 (A, C, L2, I1) from domestic sewage water (non-sterile) had 96% and A, C, L2, I1 (sterile) also showed a 96% maximum reduction potential.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121299215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603226
Muhammad Irtaza Nazeer, K. Fatima, H. Mohsin, M. Afzal, M. Zaid
Rhizoremediation is a cost effective and aesthetically pleasing technology for the remediation of diesel polluted environment. The influence of diesel fuel contamination on Lolium perenne with bacterial consortium (Microbacterium schleiferi and Bacillus subtilis) on plant growth and hydrocarbon degradation was investigated. In this study, three different bacterial strains were grown at varying diesel oil concentration i.e. 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%. Bacteria were also screened for biosurfactant, indole 3-acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, and antifungal bioassay. Microbacterium schleiferi and Bacillus subtilis were able to grow at 2% diesel oil concentration and exhibited plant growth promoting activities. Green house analysis revealed that augmentation with biosurfactant producing and plant growth promoting bacteria enhanced the plant growth and diesel oil degradation (80%) as compared to the treatments in which bacteria and plants were separately used. Therefore, the study concludes that application of selected strains with the Lolium perenne is a better approach for successful remediation of diesel oil contaminated soil.
{"title":"Enhanced remediation of diesel contaminated soil by the combined use of Lolium perenne and bacterial consortium","authors":"Muhammad Irtaza Nazeer, K. Fatima, H. Mohsin, M. Afzal, M. Zaid","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603226","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizoremediation is a cost effective and aesthetically pleasing technology for the remediation of diesel polluted environment. The influence of diesel fuel contamination on Lolium perenne with bacterial consortium (Microbacterium schleiferi and Bacillus subtilis) on plant growth and hydrocarbon degradation was investigated. In this study, three different bacterial strains were grown at varying diesel oil concentration i.e. 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%. Bacteria were also screened for biosurfactant, indole 3-acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, and antifungal bioassay. Microbacterium schleiferi and Bacillus subtilis were able to grow at 2% diesel oil concentration and exhibited plant growth promoting activities. Green house analysis revealed that augmentation with biosurfactant producing and plant growth promoting bacteria enhanced the plant growth and diesel oil degradation (80%) as compared to the treatments in which bacteria and plants were separately used. Therefore, the study concludes that application of selected strains with the Lolium perenne is a better approach for successful remediation of diesel oil contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114876573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603224
S. Naz, Nimrah Fiaz Sandhu, Eesha Sajjad, S. Sharif, Iram Arshad
Congenital cataracts account for one-third of infant blindness globally and are one of the leading cause of vision loss in children. A retrospective study was performed between October 2020 and April 2021 on congenital cataract patients of Lahore visited ophthalmologic consultation at the Al Ehsaan eye hospital, General Hospital and Mayo hospital. The purpose of the study was to find the prevalence of congenital cataract in children. About 100 cases of congenital cataract including both male and female children were identified from age group of 1-13years. Congenital cataract was diagnosed using Snellen’s visual acuity test, ophthalmoscope and slit lamp test. Male children showed greater prevalence of congenital cataract as compared to female children. The prevalence of congenital cataract in male children was 55% (n=55) while among female children, it was 45% (n=45). Both conditions of unilateral and bilateral congenital cataract were observed with incidence of 46% (n=46) and 54% (n=54) in male and female children respectively. Lens extraction was also done in 94% (n=94) and after surgery 55% (n=52) patients showed positive response and 45% (n=42) patient had negative response for light perception. Moreover, most patients of congenital cataracts were of less than 1 year of age group. It was concluded congenital cataract may lead to childhood blindness if not treated on time.
{"title":"Prevalence of Congenital Cataract and Lens Extraction in Lahore Population","authors":"S. Naz, Nimrah Fiaz Sandhu, Eesha Sajjad, S. Sharif, Iram Arshad","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603224","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital cataracts account for one-third of infant blindness globally and are one of the leading cause of vision loss in children. A retrospective study was performed between October 2020 and April 2021 on congenital cataract patients of Lahore visited ophthalmologic consultation at the Al Ehsaan eye hospital, General Hospital and Mayo hospital. The purpose of the study was to find the prevalence of congenital cataract in children. About 100 cases of congenital cataract including both male and female children were identified from age group of 1-13years. Congenital cataract was diagnosed using Snellen’s visual acuity test, ophthalmoscope and slit lamp test. Male children showed greater prevalence of congenital cataract as compared to female children. The prevalence of congenital cataract in male children was 55% (n=55) while among female children, it was 45% (n=45). Both conditions of unilateral and bilateral congenital cataract were observed with incidence of 46% (n=46) and 54% (n=54) in male and female children respectively. Lens extraction was also done in 94% (n=94) and after surgery 55% (n=52) patients showed positive response and 45% (n=42) patient had negative response for light perception. Moreover, most patients of congenital cataracts were of less than 1 year of age group. It was concluded congenital cataract may lead to childhood blindness if not treated on time.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125504601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603219
Faizan Naeem, Aftab Ahmad, Javeria Amir, M. Razi, F. Ahsan
The collection of birds serves as a repository for research and also as a means of documenting avian diversity and its spread. Evolutionary divergence is the sophisticated explanation of similarities and differences among different species of birds. Lineage represents how these different species have evolved can be study. Phylogenetic analysis is generally used to understand how traits among these bird species have evolved. Phylogeny can help in identifying birds based on both morphological and genetic characteristics. In this article, a total number of birds inhabiting Lake view Park Islamabad have been identified and a phylogenetic tree is constructed based on their COX 1 gene sequence. Sequences of the respective species gene are downloaded from NCBI databases using MEGA-X software. The phylogenetic tree represented birds arranged in five different clades from a single emergence of new species and spread of biodiversity of Class Aves organisms from the single ancestor. origin. Four external nodes and one internal node can be seen which showed the
{"title":"Molecular analysis through Phylogenetic tree construction using COX 1 gene sequence of Birds of Lake View Park Islamabad","authors":"Faizan Naeem, Aftab Ahmad, Javeria Amir, M. Razi, F. Ahsan","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603219","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of birds serves as a repository for research and also as a means of documenting avian diversity and its spread. Evolutionary divergence is the sophisticated explanation of similarities and differences among different species of birds. Lineage represents how these different species have evolved can be study. Phylogenetic analysis is generally used to understand how traits among these bird species have evolved. Phylogeny can help in identifying birds based on both morphological and genetic characteristics. In this article, a total number of birds inhabiting Lake view Park Islamabad have been identified and a phylogenetic tree is constructed based on their COX 1 gene sequence. Sequences of the respective species gene are downloaded from NCBI databases using MEGA-X software. The phylogenetic tree represented birds arranged in five different clades from a single emergence of new species and spread of biodiversity of Class Aves organisms from the single ancestor. origin. Four external nodes and one internal node can be seen which showed the","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116722840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603223
N. Malkani, S. Khalid, Sania Ashraf, M. Kamran, Rizwan Ullah Khan, A. Yaqub, Azizullah
Type specimens of organisms provide the basis for the identification of species. Proper phenotypic data supported by genetic evidence is crucial for every type of specimen keeping in view its significance. Several methods of species identification both morphological and genetic are being used. DNA barcoding using a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene is gaining popularity because of its accuracy and efficiency. In this study, six type specimens of endemic fishes from Pakistan preserved at Stephenson Natural History Museum, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan were analyzed for their genetic diversity from other members of the genus. COI barcode sequences of Clupisoma naziri, Barilius vagra pakistanicus, Nemacheilus naziri, Nemacheilus griffithi hazarensis, Schizothorax skarduensis, and Naziritor zhobensis were obtained and analyzed. The obtained sequences were approximately 655bp long. The average Kimura-twoparameter( K2P) distances from other members of genera were 0.608%, 0.44%, 0.42%, 0.608%, 0.945%, and 1.364% for Clupisoma naziri, Barilius vagra pakistanicus, Nemacheilus naziri, Nemacheilus griffithi hazarensis, Schizothorax skarduensis, and Naziritor zhobensis respectively. The nodes in K2P distance-basedNJ (neighbor-joining) trees were supported by high bootstrap values (100%) in all the species. We conclude that COI sequencing provides an effective way of species identification and barcode generation for fish specimens.
{"title":"Molecular identification of museum preserved type specimens of fish species using DNA barcoding","authors":"N. Malkani, S. Khalid, Sania Ashraf, M. Kamran, Rizwan Ullah Khan, A. Yaqub, Azizullah","doi":"10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603223","url":null,"abstract":"Type specimens of organisms provide the basis for the identification of species. Proper phenotypic data supported by genetic evidence is crucial for every type of specimen keeping in view its significance. Several methods of species identification both morphological and genetic are being used. DNA barcoding using a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene is gaining popularity because of its accuracy and efficiency. In this study, six type specimens of endemic fishes from Pakistan preserved at Stephenson Natural History Museum, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan were analyzed for their genetic diversity from other members of the genus. COI barcode sequences of Clupisoma naziri, Barilius vagra pakistanicus, Nemacheilus naziri, Nemacheilus griffithi hazarensis, Schizothorax skarduensis, and Naziritor zhobensis were obtained and analyzed. The obtained sequences were approximately 655bp long. The average Kimura-twoparameter( K2P) distances from other members of genera were 0.608%, 0.44%, 0.42%, 0.608%, 0.945%, and 1.364% for Clupisoma naziri, Barilius vagra pakistanicus, Nemacheilus naziri, Nemacheilus griffithi hazarensis, Schizothorax skarduensis, and Naziritor zhobensis respectively. The nodes in K2P distance-basedNJ (neighbor-joining) trees were supported by high bootstrap values (100%) in all the species. We conclude that COI sequencing provides an effective way of species identification and barcode generation for fish specimens.","PeriodicalId":148827,"journal":{"name":"Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132659929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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