Algeria has a limited supply of fodder. Traditional methods of raising livestock rely on the exploitation of low-quality rangelands, fallow and natural pastures with forage crops receiving little attention. The population relies on imports to meet its protein needs. Indeed, fodder production is the primary lever for improving livestock nutrition and, as a result, the productivity of the livestock systems in question. It is also crucial to the sustainability of mixed systems that combine plant and animal production. The current study was conducted to evaluate the phenological stages, analyze the performances of fodder yield, grain yield and some of its components and determine the chemical composition of the species Vicia narbonensis L. in comparison with Vicia sativa L. in order to improve the fallow year in the cereal/fallow rotation and develop the marginal lands. Trials were conducted on the plots of FERHAT Abbas University Campus under the rainfed conditions in the semi-arid region of Setif during three growing seasons (2017-2020), using 10 ecotypes of narbon vetch and 2 ecotypes of common vetch (as control ecotypes) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Significant effects of the ecotype, the year and the ecotype x year interaction were found, as well as a great variability in the phenological stages, agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of the ecotypes studied. A significant positive relationship (p<0.05) was found between grain yield and dry matter yield and a significant negative relationship (p<0.05) was found between full flowering date and dry matter yield and grain yield. It seems that the early flowering ecotypes produce better yields than the late flowering ones in the semi-arid region of Setif.
{"title":"A comparative study on narbon vetch and common vetch in the semi-arid region of Setif (Algeria)","authors":"Selma Mahmah, Amar Mebarkia, Fouad Rekik","doi":"10.2298/jas2303263m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303263m","url":null,"abstract":"Algeria has a limited supply of fodder. Traditional methods of raising livestock rely on the exploitation of low-quality rangelands, fallow and natural pastures with forage crops receiving little attention. The population relies on imports to meet its protein needs. Indeed, fodder production is the primary lever for improving livestock nutrition and, as a result, the productivity of the livestock systems in question. It is also crucial to the sustainability of mixed systems that combine plant and animal production. The current study was conducted to evaluate the phenological stages, analyze the performances of fodder yield, grain yield and some of its components and determine the chemical composition of the species Vicia narbonensis L. in comparison with Vicia sativa L. in order to improve the fallow year in the cereal/fallow rotation and develop the marginal lands. Trials were conducted on the plots of FERHAT Abbas University Campus under the rainfed conditions in the semi-arid region of Setif during three growing seasons (2017-2020), using 10 ecotypes of narbon vetch and 2 ecotypes of common vetch (as control ecotypes) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Significant effects of the ecotype, the year and the ecotype x year interaction were found, as well as a great variability in the phenological stages, agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of the ecotypes studied. A significant positive relationship (p<0.05) was found between grain yield and dry matter yield and a significant negative relationship (p<0.05) was found between full flowering date and dry matter yield and grain yield. It seems that the early flowering ecotypes produce better yields than the late flowering ones in the semi-arid region of Setif.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135450154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to determine the optimal doses and methods of the application of silicon fertilizer in barley, silage corn, and soybean under the climatic conditions of Ukraine. A series of laboratory and field experiments were carried out, as along with statistical and analytic data processing. The small-plot field experiment was conducted on chernozem podzolic soil at the NSC ?Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky? (Kharkiv region, Forest-Steppe of Ukraine). The laboratory experiments were set up in Petri dishes using a preparative form of different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%) of potassium silicate for their assessment of the germination indicators of barley and corn seeds. The significant stimulating effect of potassium silicate on the germination capacity and germination energy of barley and corn seeds was shown, and the optimal concentration of the solution for pre-sowing seed treatment was established. A high positive correlation was determined between the amount of SiO2 application and the yield of the studied crops (P < 0.01; R = 0,7479-0,8682). The optimal levels of the pre-sowing application of SiO2 into the soil were established to obtain maximum crop yields on chernozem podzolic soil (105 kg SiO2 ha-1 for barley, 92 kg SiO2ha-1 for silage corn, and 76 kg SiO2ha-1 for soybean). Also, for each of the studied crops, the most optimal methods of the application of silicon fertilizers were determined, which will improve their productivity on chernozem soils.
本研究的目的是确定在乌克兰气候条件下大麦、青贮玉米和大豆中施用硅肥的最佳剂量和方法。进行了一系列的实验室和现场实验，以及统计和分析数据处理。以索科洛夫斯基(O.N. Sokolovsky)命名的土壤科学与农业化学研究所(NSC)在黑钙土灰化土上进行了小块田间试验。(哈尔科夫地区，乌克兰森林草原)。采用不同浓度硅酸钾(0%、0.5%、0.75%和1.0%)制备的培养皿，对大麦和玉米种子的发芽指标进行了评价。结果表明，硅酸钾对大麦和玉米种子的萌发能力和萌发能有显著的刺激作用，并确定了播前处理的最佳溶液浓度。SiO2用量与作物产量呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01;R = 0,7479-0,8682)。确定了黑钙土灰化土中SiO2的最佳播前施用量(大麦105 kg SiO2ha-1，青贮玉米92 kg SiO2ha-1，大豆76 kg SiO2ha-1)可获得最大作物产量。同时，对所研究的每一种作物，确定了硅肥的最佳施用方法，这将提高它们在黑钙土上的生产力。
{"title":"Beneficial effects of silicon fertilizers on indicators of seed germination, grain yield of barley and soybean and silage corn biomass","authors":"","doi":"10.2298/jas2301043m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2301043m","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the optimal doses and methods of the application of silicon fertilizer in barley, silage corn, and soybean under the climatic conditions of Ukraine. A series of laboratory and field experiments were carried out, as along with statistical and analytic data processing. The small-plot field experiment was conducted on chernozem podzolic soil at the NSC ?Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky? (Kharkiv region, Forest-Steppe of Ukraine). The laboratory experiments were set up in Petri dishes using a preparative form of different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%) of potassium silicate for their assessment of the germination indicators of barley and corn seeds. The significant stimulating effect of potassium silicate on the germination capacity and germination energy of barley and corn seeds was shown, and the optimal concentration of the solution for pre-sowing seed treatment was established. A high positive correlation was determined between the amount of SiO2 application and the yield of the studied crops (P < 0.01; R = 0,7479-0,8682). The optimal levels of the pre-sowing application of SiO2 into the soil were established to obtain maximum crop yields on chernozem podzolic soil (105 kg SiO2 ha-1 for barley, 92 kg SiO2ha-1 for silage corn, and 76 kg SiO2ha-1 for soybean). Also, for each of the studied crops, the most optimal methods of the application of silicon fertilizers were determined, which will improve their productivity on chernozem soils.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78903310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lupinus is a very diverse genus with many species. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different methods of application of sodium selenite on the nutritional value of white lupine variety Degas. The highest effect on the content of crude protein was obtained by spraying vegetating plants before the beginning of the flowering phase. In this variant, a class 1 grain was obtained while meeting other requirements of the feed lupin quality standard. This study reveals that the use of selenium contributed to increasing the collection of crude protein at the harvest of white lupin. It is assumed that selenium stimulated the processes of nitrogen entering plants and its redistribution from vegetative to generative organs, as well as activated the synthesis of proteins and their accumulation in the grain of white lupin. It was found that the content of alkaloids in the resulting crop of white lupin did not exceed acceptable levels, which allows it to be used for feed purposes and the preparation of various types of feed. The use of selenium contributed to the increase in the collection of crude protein content at the harvest of above-ground plant mass as it stimulates nitrogen processes in plants and its redistribution from vegetative organs to generative organs, as well as the synthesis of protein compounds in the lupin grain.
{"title":"Application of sodium selenite in the growing technology of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)","authors":"","doi":"10.2298/jas2301059s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2301059s","url":null,"abstract":"Lupinus is a very diverse genus with many species. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different methods of application of sodium selenite on the nutritional value of white lupine variety Degas. The highest effect on the content of crude protein was obtained by spraying vegetating plants before the beginning of the flowering phase. In this variant, a class 1 grain was obtained while meeting other requirements of the feed lupin quality standard. This study reveals that the use of selenium contributed to increasing the collection of crude protein at the harvest of white lupin. It is assumed that selenium stimulated the processes of nitrogen entering plants and its redistribution from vegetative to generative organs, as well as activated the synthesis of proteins and their accumulation in the grain of white lupin. It was found that the content of alkaloids in the resulting crop of white lupin did not exceed acceptable levels, which allows it to be used for feed purposes and the preparation of various types of feed. The use of selenium contributed to the increase in the collection of crude protein content at the harvest of above-ground plant mass as it stimulates nitrogen processes in plants and its redistribution from vegetative organs to generative organs, as well as the synthesis of protein compounds in the lupin grain.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78116471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hygienic condition of dairy cows and their udders in 128 small household farms in different regions of Serbia, producing mostly milk, having 5-15 cows, a milk cooler and at least one milking machine, was evaluated by the following indicators: 1. general assessment of body cleanliness, 2. visual inspection of teats and udder base, and 3. maintenance of udder cleanliness, rated on a scale of 0 and 1 or 1 to 5. The samples were taken at each visit to the farm after cooling and tested for milk protein and fat content, somatic cell count (SCC) and the total number of microorganisms (TNM). The milk fat content was determined by the Gerber method, the protein content by the Kjeldahl method, the TNM according to the ISO 4833-1:2013 method and the SCC using Fossomatic TM. The IBM SPSS program was used for statistical data processing. Capacity, housing system, breed, milking system, number of cows, and capacity occupancy mostly had a very significant or significant impact on hygiene parameters, protein and fat content, SCC and TNM in milk. The hygiene parameters showed a continuous trend of improvement in relation to the visits. TNM mean scores increased after each visit, with significant differences between visits (F=9.63, P<0.0001). SCC scores varied very significantly between visits (F=5.17, P<0.0001). The number of visits tended to show a significant influence on the milk fat rate (F=2.221; P?0.1), but no influence on the milk protein rate (P=0.480; F=0.901).
{"title":"The improvement of the body and udder hygiene influence on the milk safety and composition on small dairy farms in Serbia","authors":"","doi":"10.2298/jas2301105h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2301105h","url":null,"abstract":"The hygienic condition of dairy cows and their udders in 128 small household farms in different regions of Serbia, producing mostly milk, having 5-15 cows, a milk cooler and at least one milking machine, was evaluated by the following indicators: 1. general assessment of body cleanliness, 2. visual inspection of teats and udder base, and 3. maintenance of udder cleanliness, rated on a scale of 0 and 1 or 1 to 5. The samples were taken at each visit to the farm after cooling and tested for milk protein and fat content, somatic cell count (SCC) and the total number of microorganisms (TNM). The milk fat content was determined by the Gerber method, the protein content by the Kjeldahl method, the TNM according to the ISO 4833-1:2013 method and the SCC using Fossomatic TM. The IBM SPSS program was used for statistical data processing. Capacity, housing system, breed, milking system, number of cows, and capacity occupancy mostly had a very significant or significant impact on hygiene parameters, protein and fat content, SCC and TNM in milk. The hygiene parameters showed a continuous trend of improvement in relation to the visits. TNM mean scores increased after each visit, with significant differences between visits (F=9.63, P<0.0001). SCC scores varied very significantly between visits (F=5.17, P<0.0001). The number of visits tended to show a significant influence on the milk fat rate (F=2.221; P?0.1), but no influence on the milk protein rate (P=0.480; F=0.901).","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79264874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Aleksoski̇, Zoran Milenkoski, A. Korubin-Aleksoska
The aim of this work was to study the mode of inheritance of the number of leaves per stalk and the length, width and area of the leaves from the middle part of the stalk - traits directly related to the yield in the offspring of the first generation. The studies were made with four mother parent tobacco varieties of different types (three of the Prilep type: P-23, ? 18-50/4, ? 76/86 and one of the Basmak type - ?? 8/1), one pollen donor parent Burley B-1-91, and their four F1 hybrids. The crosses were made in 2018, 2019 and 2020, and the experiment with the parent genotypes and their hybrids was set up in 2019, 2020 and 2021, on a field trial at the Scientific Tobacco Institute - Prilep in a randomized block design with four replications. All appropriate cultural practices were applied during the growing season. The research data indicates that there was no heterosis in the hybrids for the studied traits. The partially dominant mode of inheritance is an indicator of good successive selection of individuals in future generations and quick fixation and stabilization of the traits. The hybrids MS 8/1 ? B-1/91 and P 18-50/4 ? B-1/91 represent very interesting material for future tobacco breeding activities.
{"title":"Inheritance of yield-related morphological characteristics in F1 tobacco hybrids","authors":"J. Aleksoski̇, Zoran Milenkoski, A. Korubin-Aleksoska","doi":"10.2298/jas2302187a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2302187a","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to study the mode of inheritance of the number of leaves per stalk and the length, width and area of the leaves from the middle part of the stalk - traits directly related to the yield in the offspring of the first generation. The studies were made with four mother parent tobacco varieties of different types (three of the Prilep type: P-23, ? 18-50/4, ? 76/86 and one of the Basmak type - ?? 8/1), one pollen donor parent Burley B-1-91, and their four F1 hybrids. The crosses were made in 2018, 2019 and 2020, and the experiment with the parent genotypes and their hybrids was set up in 2019, 2020 and 2021, on a field trial at the Scientific Tobacco Institute - Prilep in a randomized block design with four replications. All appropriate cultural practices were applied during the growing season. The research data indicates that there was no heterosis in the hybrids for the studied traits. The partially dominant mode of inheritance is an indicator of good successive selection of individuals in future generations and quick fixation and stabilization of the traits. The hybrids MS 8/1 ? B-1/91 and P 18-50/4 ? B-1/91 represent very interesting material for future tobacco breeding activities.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82130387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micronutrient malnutrition is a global challenge. However, there are promising opportunities for combating it through the consumption of neglected and underutilized leafy green vegetables. Senecio biafrae is an underutilized and nutrient-rich green leafy vegetable with huge nutritional and health potentials that have remained unexploited. The aim of this research was to evaluate the proximate, mineral, vitamin, anti-nutrient contents of the leaves of Senecio biafrae. Leaves of Senecio biafrae were collected from five communities in Ekiti State and analyzed using standard biochemical methodologies. The results showed that the leaves differed significantly in nutritional and anti-nutritional contents. The leaves were rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium, and low in fat and anti-nutrient contents for all the groups studied. The Pearson?s correlation results showed that most of the nutritional parameters either had inverse or no relationships with anti-nutrients. The crude protein showed significantly positive correlations with dry matter (0.90**) and a negative correlation with cyanogenic glycosides (-0.90**). Cyanogenic glycosides showed significantly negative correlations with potassium (-0.63**), calcium (-0.66**) and dry matter (-0.44*). Nitrate showed no significant relationship with any nutritional parameter. Oxalate and tannin showed no significant relationship with the vitamins. Phytate and tannin showed no significant relationship with the proximate contents and minerals. The results showed that Senecio biafrae leaf is nutrient-rich and could help to mitigate the effects of micronutrient deficiencies. The variations and relationships among the nutritional and anti-nutritional parameters could enhance meaningful selection and nutritional quality through breeding.
{"title":"Proximate, mineral, vitamin, and anti-nutrient contents of the leaves of Senecio biafrae","authors":"S. Baiyeri, C.C.A. Samuel-Baiyeri, O. Ndukwe","doi":"10.2298/jas2301067b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2301067b","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient malnutrition is a global challenge. However, there are promising opportunities for combating it through the consumption of neglected and underutilized leafy green vegetables. Senecio biafrae is an underutilized and nutrient-rich green leafy vegetable with huge nutritional and health potentials that have remained unexploited. The aim of this research was to evaluate the proximate, mineral, vitamin, anti-nutrient contents of the leaves of Senecio biafrae. Leaves of Senecio biafrae were collected from five communities in Ekiti State and analyzed using standard biochemical methodologies. The results showed that the leaves differed significantly in nutritional and anti-nutritional contents. The leaves were rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium, and low in fat and anti-nutrient contents for all the groups studied. The Pearson?s correlation results showed that most of the nutritional parameters either had inverse or no relationships with anti-nutrients. The crude protein showed significantly positive correlations with dry matter (0.90**) and a negative correlation with cyanogenic glycosides (-0.90**). Cyanogenic glycosides showed significantly negative correlations with potassium (-0.63**), calcium (-0.66**) and dry matter (-0.44*). Nitrate showed no significant relationship with any nutritional parameter. Oxalate and tannin showed no significant relationship with the vitamins. Phytate and tannin showed no significant relationship with the proximate contents and minerals. The results showed that Senecio biafrae leaf is nutrient-rich and could help to mitigate the effects of micronutrient deficiencies. The variations and relationships among the nutritional and anti-nutritional parameters could enhance meaningful selection and nutritional quality through breeding.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"2 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88807574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of this review is the dairy industry in the Republic of North Macedonia. This industry can bring many economic and social benefits to society and the economy. The paper provides a description and analysis of the current situation within the dairy industry in our country. Milk production rates in our country are analyzed, with a comparative approach to production rates at global and European levels. In the Republic of North Macedonia, milk production is characterized by many traditional small farmers (80% of the total) with 1-3 cows and low annual milk productivity (2-3 thousand liters per cow). The number of large specialized farms with more than 15 cows (about 3% of the total) with annual milk production of about 5 thousand liters per cow is minimal. Only 1% of all farms have more than 50 cows. The Republic of North Macedonia is an absolute importer of milk and its products. The quantity and monetary value of imported milk and its products are many times higher than the quantity and value of exported milk. Today, the dairy industry faces various challenges in the three main pillars of sustainability: economic, social and environmental including fluctuating market prices, high labor costs, and demographic characteristics of the population in terms of age. In conclusion, for the dairy industry to be sustainable, all activities should be carried out in partnership with the industry (along the value chain), policymakers and a wide range of stakeholders, including consumers.
{"title":"Sustainability and perspectives of the North Macedonian dairy industry","authors":"","doi":"10.2298/jas2301019s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2301019s","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this review is the dairy industry in the Republic of North Macedonia. This industry can bring many economic and social benefits to society and the economy. The paper provides a description and analysis of the current situation within the dairy industry in our country. Milk production rates in our country are analyzed, with a comparative approach to production rates at global and European levels. In the Republic of North Macedonia, milk production is characterized by many traditional small farmers (80% of the total) with 1-3 cows and low annual milk productivity (2-3 thousand liters per cow). The number of large specialized farms with more than 15 cows (about 3% of the total) with annual milk production of about 5 thousand liters per cow is minimal. Only 1% of all farms have more than 50 cows. The Republic of North Macedonia is an absolute importer of milk and its products. The quantity and monetary value of imported milk and its products are many times higher than the quantity and value of exported milk. Today, the dairy industry faces various challenges in the three main pillars of sustainability: economic, social and environmental including fluctuating market prices, high labor costs, and demographic characteristics of the population in terms of age. In conclusion, for the dairy industry to be sustainable, all activities should be carried out in partnership with the industry (along the value chain), policymakers and a wide range of stakeholders, including consumers.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"19 19-20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72493456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of truffles in food is based mainly on the addition of artificial flavors, aiming to achieve an intense aroma in the products. As truffle is a natural product with nutritional and functional properties, it is important to find an optimal method for truffle storage. As the microbiota contribute to truffle aroma, the bacterial and yeast compositions in the rhizosphere and fruiting body of the truffle and the impact of different freezing methods on the volatile profile of the truffle Tuber aestivum during 90 days of the storage were determined. Bacteria and yeasts isolates were identified using 16s rRNA and 18s rRNA. The effect of freezing truffles at -20?C and -80?C with and without previous dipping in liquid N2 on the volatile compounds was observed using GC/MS. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacteria belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and the identified species mainly belonged to Firmicutes, genus Bacillus sp. Isolated yeasts were identified as Cryptococcus sp., Debaromyces hanseinii, Candida fermentati and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The GC/MS analysis revealed that frozen truffle samples were richer in the compounds 2-butanone, 2-methyl-butanal, methanethiol and 2-butanol after freezing or during storage. The content of DMS, acetaldehyde, 3-octanone, ethanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol significantly decreased immediately after freezing. Overall, the gained results indicated that freezing of truffles as a preservation method had profound effects on the volatile compounds, while previous dipping in liquid N2 showed no significant impact on the volatile profile of truffle Tuber aestivum.
{"title":"Serbian black truffle Tuber aestivum: Microbiota and effects of different freezing regimes on volatile aroma compounds during storage","authors":"Dusanka Paunovic, Milica Mirkovic, Nemanja Mirkovic, Vele Tesevic, Jovana Stankovic-Jeremic, Marina Todosijevic, Zorica Radulovic","doi":"10.2298/jas2303329p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303329p","url":null,"abstract":"The use of truffles in food is based mainly on the addition of artificial flavors, aiming to achieve an intense aroma in the products. As truffle is a natural product with nutritional and functional properties, it is important to find an optimal method for truffle storage. As the microbiota contribute to truffle aroma, the bacterial and yeast compositions in the rhizosphere and fruiting body of the truffle and the impact of different freezing methods on the volatile profile of the truffle Tuber aestivum during 90 days of the storage were determined. Bacteria and yeasts isolates were identified using 16s rRNA and 18s rRNA. The effect of freezing truffles at -20?C and -80?C with and without previous dipping in liquid N2 on the volatile compounds was observed using GC/MS. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacteria belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and the identified species mainly belonged to Firmicutes, genus Bacillus sp. Isolated yeasts were identified as Cryptococcus sp., Debaromyces hanseinii, Candida fermentati and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The GC/MS analysis revealed that frozen truffle samples were richer in the compounds 2-butanone, 2-methyl-butanal, methanethiol and 2-butanol after freezing or during storage. The content of DMS, acetaldehyde, 3-octanone, ethanol, and 2-methyl-1-propanol significantly decreased immediately after freezing. Overall, the gained results indicated that freezing of truffles as a preservation method had profound effects on the volatile compounds, while previous dipping in liquid N2 showed no significant impact on the volatile profile of truffle Tuber aestivum.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial forage crop with desirable forage properties adapted to temperate climate conditions. The purpose of this research was to study the phenotypic correlation coefficients between dry forage yield and some morphological traits, and to identify the direct and indirect effects of the associated traits. Thus, 32 ecotypes (landraces) were assessed in the randomized complete block design layout with four replications. Positive and statistically significant correlations were determined between total dry weight (TDW) and all measured traits except for internode length (IL) [r=0.29, P>0.05]. Regarding the variance inflation factor (VIF) as a multicollinearity statistic, number of nodes per main stem (VIF=1407.4) and number of internodes per main stem (VIF=1371.6) were removed from the analysis. Path coefficient analyses indicated that number of leaflets per leaf (NLL) [0.59 direct effect], height of the longest stem (HLS) [0.42 direct effect], and dry weight/fresh weight ratio (DFR) [0.27 direct effect] were influenced by TDW as a first-order trait. Five traits considered secondary or tertiary traits affected TDW - number of stems per area (NPA), number of stems per plant (NSP), number of leaves per stem (LS), length of inflorescence (LI) and stem weight/leaf weight ratio (SLR). The importance of main stem properties such as length or height, number of leaves, and number of leaflets can be used for selection in breeding programs aimed at improving common sainfoin forage yield under semi-arid conditions.
{"title":"Correlation and path coefficient analyses of dry weight yield components in the common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.)","authors":"Shabnam Zavoshti, N. Sabaghnia, Farid Moayed","doi":"10.2298/jas2302155z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2302155z","url":null,"abstract":"Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial forage crop with desirable forage properties adapted to temperate climate conditions. The purpose of this research was to study the phenotypic correlation coefficients between dry forage yield and some morphological traits, and to identify the direct and indirect effects of the associated traits. Thus, 32 ecotypes (landraces) were assessed in the randomized complete block design layout with four replications. Positive and statistically significant correlations were determined between total dry weight (TDW) and all measured traits except for internode length (IL) [r=0.29, P>0.05]. Regarding the variance inflation factor (VIF) as a multicollinearity statistic, number of nodes per main stem (VIF=1407.4) and number of internodes per main stem (VIF=1371.6) were removed from the analysis. Path coefficient analyses indicated that number of leaflets per leaf (NLL) [0.59 direct effect], height of the longest stem (HLS) [0.42 direct effect], and dry weight/fresh weight ratio (DFR) [0.27 direct effect] were influenced by TDW as a first-order trait. Five traits considered secondary or tertiary traits affected TDW - number of stems per area (NPA), number of stems per plant (NSP), number of leaves per stem (LS), length of inflorescence (LI) and stem weight/leaf weight ratio (SLR). The importance of main stem properties such as length or height, number of leaves, and number of leaflets can be used for selection in breeding programs aimed at improving common sainfoin forage yield under semi-arid conditions.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84454420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The one-factor experiment was carried out in 2019-2020 at the University farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka to study the effect of compost with banana peel and Moringa leaf powders on seed yield and crop residue of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). It was laid out in a complete randomized design with eight replicates and the following treatments: T1 - control (100 g of compost alone), T2 - 100 g of compost + 9 g of banana peel, T3 - 100 g of compost + 6 g of banana peel + 3 g of Moringa leaf, T4 - 100 g of compost + 4.5 g of banana peel + 4.5 g of Moringa leaf, T5 - 100 g of compost + 3 g of banana peel + 6 g of Moringa leaf and T6 - 100 g of compost + 9 g Moringa of leaf powder per polybag (0.07 m2). The results showed that the application of compost with 4.5 g of banana peel and 4.5 g of Moringa leaf powders (T4) produced remarkable changes in the number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, pod yield and seed yield than the other treatments. At the harvest, treatment T4 had the highest value (1,587.1 kg/ha) of seed yield, and treatment T1 gave the lowest value (906.1 kg/ha). The present study suggests that the application of 100 g (equivalent to 14.3 t/ha) of compost with 9 g (equivalent to 1.3 t/ha) of banana peel and Moringa leaf powders at a 1:1 (w/w) ratio would result in optimum seed yield of green gram in sandy regosol. The combined application of locally available banana peel and Moringa leaf powders could be used with compost for increasing the seed yield of green gram with less environmental impact.
{"title":"Effect of compost with banana peel and Moringa leaf powders on seed yield and yield components of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)","authors":"W. Madhuri B. Fernando, T. Seran","doi":"10.2298/jas2302171f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2302171f","url":null,"abstract":"The one-factor experiment was carried out in 2019-2020 at the University farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka to study the effect of compost with banana peel and Moringa leaf powders on seed yield and crop residue of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). It was laid out in a complete randomized design with eight replicates and the following treatments: T1 - control (100 g of compost alone), T2 - 100 g of compost + 9 g of banana peel, T3 - 100 g of compost + 6 g of banana peel + 3 g of Moringa leaf, T4 - 100 g of compost + 4.5 g of banana peel + 4.5 g of Moringa leaf, T5 - 100 g of compost + 3 g of banana peel + 6 g of Moringa leaf and T6 - 100 g of compost + 9 g Moringa of leaf powder per polybag (0.07 m2). The results showed that the application of compost with 4.5 g of banana peel and 4.5 g of Moringa leaf powders (T4) produced remarkable changes in the number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, pod yield and seed yield than the other treatments. At the harvest, treatment T4 had the highest value (1,587.1 kg/ha) of seed yield, and treatment T1 gave the lowest value (906.1 kg/ha). The present study suggests that the application of 100 g (equivalent to 14.3 t/ha) of compost with 9 g (equivalent to 1.3 t/ha) of banana peel and Moringa leaf powders at a 1:1 (w/w) ratio would result in optimum seed yield of green gram in sandy regosol. The combined application of locally available banana peel and Moringa leaf powders could be used with compost for increasing the seed yield of green gram with less environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73262879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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