Seyedeh Asadi, Salar Jamali, Mohammad Ghadamyari, Vahid Motaghitalab
Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 is among some of the most economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in the world. The nematode has been identified as the causal agent of slow decline. Most studies estimate the yield losses, due to T. semipenetrans, to range from 10% to 30%, depending on the level of infection, aggressiveness of the nematode population, soil characteristics, susceptibility of the rootstock, presence of other pathogens and grove management practices. In order to identify the citrus nematode in northern Iran, soil and root samples were collected from infected trees. The second-stage juveniles were isolated from the soils by the tray method. Eggs and females were extracted from roots by the centrifugal-flotation technique. Morphological observations and molecular evidence confirmed this population as T. semipenetrans. A phylogenetic tree of T. semipenetrans populations was reconstructed based on 28S rRNA gene sequences using RAxML. Morphologically, there is a slight difference between the studied population and the reported populations of T. semipenetrans from pomegranate and banana orchards in southern Iran. Phylogenetic analysis showed the close relationship of the T. semipenetrans population from northern Iran with other populations of this species. Based on molecular analysis, Tylenchulus was identified as a monophyletic group. The phylogenetic position and measurements of T. semipenetrans were provided.
{"title":"Morphology and molecular characterization of Tylenchulus semipenetrans from citrus orchards in northern Iran","authors":"Seyedeh Asadi, Salar Jamali, Mohammad Ghadamyari, Vahid Motaghitalab","doi":"10.2298/jas2303301a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303301a","url":null,"abstract":"Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 is among some of the most economically important plant-parasitic nematodes in the world. The nematode has been identified as the causal agent of slow decline. Most studies estimate the yield losses, due to T. semipenetrans, to range from 10% to 30%, depending on the level of infection, aggressiveness of the nematode population, soil characteristics, susceptibility of the rootstock, presence of other pathogens and grove management practices. In order to identify the citrus nematode in northern Iran, soil and root samples were collected from infected trees. The second-stage juveniles were isolated from the soils by the tray method. Eggs and females were extracted from roots by the centrifugal-flotation technique. Morphological observations and molecular evidence confirmed this population as T. semipenetrans. A phylogenetic tree of T. semipenetrans populations was reconstructed based on 28S rRNA gene sequences using RAxML. Morphologically, there is a slight difference between the studied population and the reported populations of T. semipenetrans from pomegranate and banana orchards in southern Iran. Phylogenetic analysis showed the close relationship of the T. semipenetrans population from northern Iran with other populations of this species. Based on molecular analysis, Tylenchulus was identified as a monophyletic group. The phylogenetic position and measurements of T. semipenetrans were provided.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135449838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milos Dimitrijevic, Bozidar Cakajac, Igor Milojevic
The competitiveness of the agri-food products is one of the key factors for promoting export and economic development, especially in developing countries. Competitiveness can be influenced by increasing productivity, applying modern knowledge, innovating processing capacities and producing a high-quality final product with high added value. The agriculture of Serbia is very important for economic growth. In order to improve the competitive advantage of the agri-food sector in foreign markets, it is important to increase its efficiency by introducing modern technologies and approaches. The subject of the paper is to examine the most important export agri-food products of Serbia, as well as the most important markets for their exports. Using the RCA and ARCA indices, the comparative advantages of these products in trade were examined, which is the goal of the research. Multiple regression was then also used to examine the impact on exports. Although significant agri-food products achieve comparative advantages, the decline in their competitiveness has a negative impact on exports. Low pricing policies, as well as inadequate product quality cannot maintain competitiveness in the long run. The structure of the export of agricultural products is also unsatisfactory, bearing in mind that they are products with a low level of processing, and low added value. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in modern equipment, develop innovative approaches, such as organic production and the introduction of innovations to improve quality standards, differentiate products and create a final product with high added value, as important prerequisites for improving competitiveness and promoting the export of the agri-food sector.
{"title":"Competitiveness of the agri-food sector of the Republic of Serbia","authors":"Milos Dimitrijevic, Bozidar Cakajac, Igor Milojevic","doi":"10.2298/jas2303347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303347","url":null,"abstract":"The competitiveness of the agri-food products is one of the key factors for promoting export and economic development, especially in developing countries. Competitiveness can be influenced by increasing productivity, applying modern knowledge, innovating processing capacities and producing a high-quality final product with high added value. The agriculture of Serbia is very important for economic growth. In order to improve the competitive advantage of the agri-food sector in foreign markets, it is important to increase its efficiency by introducing modern technologies and approaches. The subject of the paper is to examine the most important export agri-food products of Serbia, as well as the most important markets for their exports. Using the RCA and ARCA indices, the comparative advantages of these products in trade were examined, which is the goal of the research. Multiple regression was then also used to examine the impact on exports. Although significant agri-food products achieve comparative advantages, the decline in their competitiveness has a negative impact on exports. Low pricing policies, as well as inadequate product quality cannot maintain competitiveness in the long run. The structure of the export of agricultural products is also unsatisfactory, bearing in mind that they are products with a low level of processing, and low added value. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in modern equipment, develop innovative approaches, such as organic production and the introduction of innovations to improve quality standards, differentiate products and create a final product with high added value, as important prerequisites for improving competitiveness and promoting the export of the agri-food sector.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135449840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Milivojevic, D. Radivojevic, D. Milosavljevic, V. Maksimović, J. Dragisic-Maksimovic
The aim of this study was to compare newly released June-bearing strawberry cultivars (?Quicky?, ?Sandra?, ?Lofty?, ?Nadja? and ?Aprica?) in terms of their phenology, vegetative growth, productivity and fruit quality to identify their potential for wider cultivation. A field study was conducted in a strawberry plantation established in July 2020 in double rows on beds covered with black polyethylene foil (Sid, Serbia). The cultivars were evaluated in 2021-2022 for their flowering and ripening time, productivity, plant growth, biometrical and nutritional fruit traits (soluble solids content - SSC, total acids - TAs, vitamin C, total anthocyanins - TACY, total phenolics - TPC and total antioxidant capacity - TAC). The cultivar ?Quicky? started to ripen earliest, while ?Aprica? was the latest in both experimental years. The number of branch crowns per plant was significantly higher in ?Sandra? and ?Lofty?, whereby ?Sandra? had also the highest number of leaves per rosette (41.5) in comparison with the other tested cultivars. The cultivar ?Aprica? was superior in terms of productivity (1061 g/plant and 4.67 kg/m2), fruit weight (29.9 g) and fruit shape index (1.15). Contrary to this, ?Nadja? was the least productive cultivar (608 g/plant and 2.68 kg/m2). The cultivars ?Lofty? and ?Sandra? showed the highest SSC values and were also characterized by a considerably high level of TPC (1.29 mg GAE eq g-1 FW) and TACY (24.4 mg pg-3-g eq 100 g-1 FW), respectively. Variability among the tested cultivars could serve as an important criterion for the selection of new high-performing cultivars for a given growing region.
{"title":"Comparison of field performance and fruit quality among newly released Italian June-bearing strawberry cultivars","authors":"J. Milivojevic, D. Radivojevic, D. Milosavljevic, V. Maksimović, J. Dragisic-Maksimovic","doi":"10.2298/jas2302201m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2302201m","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare newly released June-bearing strawberry cultivars (?Quicky?, ?Sandra?, ?Lofty?, ?Nadja? and ?Aprica?) in terms of their phenology, vegetative growth, productivity and fruit quality to identify their potential for wider cultivation. A field study was conducted in a strawberry plantation established in July 2020 in double rows on beds covered with black polyethylene foil (Sid, Serbia). The cultivars were evaluated in 2021-2022 for their flowering and ripening time, productivity, plant growth, biometrical and nutritional fruit traits (soluble solids content - SSC, total acids - TAs, vitamin C, total anthocyanins - TACY, total phenolics - TPC and total antioxidant capacity - TAC). The cultivar ?Quicky? started to ripen earliest, while ?Aprica? was the latest in both experimental years. The number of branch crowns per plant was significantly higher in ?Sandra? and ?Lofty?, whereby ?Sandra? had also the highest number of leaves per rosette (41.5) in comparison with the other tested cultivars. The cultivar ?Aprica? was superior in terms of productivity (1061 g/plant and 4.67 kg/m2), fruit weight (29.9 g) and fruit shape index (1.15). Contrary to this, ?Nadja? was the least productive cultivar (608 g/plant and 2.68 kg/m2). The cultivars ?Lofty? and ?Sandra? showed the highest SSC values and were also characterized by a considerably high level of TPC (1.29 mg GAE eq g-1 FW) and TACY (24.4 mg pg-3-g eq 100 g-1 FW), respectively. Variability among the tested cultivars could serve as an important criterion for the selection of new high-performing cultivars for a given growing region.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84167493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetic improvement in a crop, viz. Brassica species, through plant breeding essentially requires the presence of adequate genetic diversity within the gene pool. Winter rapeseed is known to be genetically different from spring rapeseed and can therefore be used for extending genetic diversity in the progenies produced via crossing methods. Using line?tester analyses of two spring types of testers and six lines of winter-type rapeseed varieties, heterotic patterns of phenological traits, plant height and seed yield were estimated. Significant mean squares between parents and crosses revealed significant heterosis for all the traits. Line?tester mean squares, indicating the non-additive genetic effects, were significant only for plant height and seed yield. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for phenological traits underline the importance of additive genetic effects and thus the efficiency of selection for improving these traits. Based on the significant and positive expression of heterosis effects for phenological traits and plant height in the winter parents, it was concluded that the F1 progenies had earlier and shorter maturity than the winter parents. F1 progenies were also early flowering, early maturing and taller than the spring-type parents. Significant positive heterosis of the crosses for seed yield was observed in 75% and 42% of F1 progenies compared to the spring and winter parents, respectively, indicating a higher yield potential of the F1 hybrids than the spring and winter parents.
{"title":"Heterotic patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): Crosses between spring-type and winter-type genotypes","authors":"Valiollah Rameeh","doi":"10.2298/jas2303253r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303253r","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic improvement in a crop, viz. Brassica species, through plant breeding essentially requires the presence of adequate genetic diversity within the gene pool. Winter rapeseed is known to be genetically different from spring rapeseed and can therefore be used for extending genetic diversity in the progenies produced via crossing methods. Using line?tester analyses of two spring types of testers and six lines of winter-type rapeseed varieties, heterotic patterns of phenological traits, plant height and seed yield were estimated. Significant mean squares between parents and crosses revealed significant heterosis for all the traits. Line?tester mean squares, indicating the non-additive genetic effects, were significant only for plant height and seed yield. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for phenological traits underline the importance of additive genetic effects and thus the efficiency of selection for improving these traits. Based on the significant and positive expression of heterosis effects for phenological traits and plant height in the winter parents, it was concluded that the F1 progenies had earlier and shorter maturity than the winter parents. F1 progenies were also early flowering, early maturing and taller than the spring-type parents. Significant positive heterosis of the crosses for seed yield was observed in 75% and 42% of F1 progenies compared to the spring and winter parents, respectively, indicating a higher yield potential of the F1 hybrids than the spring and winter parents.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135450336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analysed gender differences and profitability of pepper (Capsicum species) production in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted. One hundred pepper farmers were selected. Primary data sources were employed with the help of a well-designed and well-structured questionnaire. The results show that 66% of pepper farmers were between 21 and 50 years old. Pepper production was profitable in the study area. Gender differences in average costs and returns in pepper production revealed that the gross margin was higher for male farmers at 137,556.51 Naira than for female pepper farmers at 109, 711.77 Naira per hectare. The gender differences in factors influencing pepper production show that age (??1), and fertiliser input (??4), were significant factors influencing pepper production among male farmers at the 1% probability level, while age (??1), labour input (??3), and fertiliser input (??4), were significant factors influencing pepper production among female farmers at the 1% probability level. The return to scale (??????) of pepper production was estimated at 2.798 for male farmers, which signifies an increase in the return to scale. The return to scale (??????) was calculated for female pepper farmers at 0.033, which implies a decrease in the return to scale. The major constraints faced by pepper farmers were: lack of fertilisers, pest and disease infestations, and inadequate capital. The study recommends that female pepper farmers should have more access to farm inputs and low interest loans to increase productivity.
{"title":"Gender differences and profitability analysis of pepper (Capsicum species) production, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Alabi, C. Anekwe","doi":"10.2298/jas2302237a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2302237a","url":null,"abstract":"This study analysed gender differences and profitability of pepper (Capsicum species) production in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted. One hundred pepper farmers were selected. Primary data sources were employed with the help of a well-designed and well-structured questionnaire. The results show that 66% of pepper farmers were between 21 and 50 years old. Pepper production was profitable in the study area. Gender differences in average costs and returns in pepper production revealed that the gross margin was higher for male farmers at 137,556.51 Naira than for female pepper farmers at 109, 711.77 Naira per hectare. The gender differences in factors influencing pepper production show that age (??1), and fertiliser input (??4), were significant factors influencing pepper production among male farmers at the 1% probability level, while age (??1), labour input (??3), and fertiliser input (??4), were significant factors influencing pepper production among female farmers at the 1% probability level. The return to scale (??????) of pepper production was estimated at 2.798 for male farmers, which signifies an increase in the return to scale. The return to scale (??????) was calculated for female pepper farmers at 0.033, which implies a decrease in the return to scale. The major constraints faced by pepper farmers were: lack of fertilisers, pest and disease infestations, and inadequate capital. The study recommends that female pepper farmers should have more access to farm inputs and low interest loans to increase productivity.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85944215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the importance of the food grains to be specified-rice, wheat, coarse cereals, and pulses-is vital in developing the Indian economy. This paper carries out change point detection and trend analysis for the annual historical series of food grains in India. The change points were identified by the methods of the Pettitt?s test (PT), the Buishand?s range test (BRT), and the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT). On the other hand, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used to determine the presence and absence of trends in food grain production, and their slopes were assessed by the Sen?s slope estimator. The change point analysis result shows significant change points for food grains at a 95% level. The discrete change points were observed from 1982 to 2009, but the ideal change point, i.e., 1987, was captured in all food grains. In India?s history, agricultural production in the year 1987 was vulnerable due to drought, and thus it is strong evidence of the need to consider methods based on proven facts. The MK test results reveal that the trend in food grain production was statistically significant and had an upward direction in all three segmentation periods after 1987.
考虑到要指定的粮食的重要性——大米、小麦、粗粮和豆类——对发展印度经济至关重要。本文对印度粮食年度历史序列进行了变化点检测和趋势分析。变化点由Pettitt?’s test (PT)， the Buishand?s极差检验(BRT)和标准正态齐性检验(SNHT)。另一方面，Mann-Kendall (MK)检验用于确定粮食生产趋势的存在和不存在，其斜率由Sen?S斜率估计。变化点分析结果显示，粮食的变化点在95%的水平上是显著的。1982 - 2009年为离散变化点，但在所有粮食中均出现理想变化点，即1987年。在印度吗?在美国历史上，1987年的农业生产因干旱而脆弱，因此有必要根据已证实的事实考虑方法，这是强有力的证据。MK检验结果表明，1987年以后的3个分割期粮食产量趋势均呈上升趋势，具有统计学意义。
{"title":"An empirical study on assessment of trend analysis: Food grain production in India","authors":"Kalpana Polisetty, Christophe Chesneau, Gowthami Paltati, Kiran Paidipati","doi":"10.2298/jas2303377p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303377p","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the importance of the food grains to be specified-rice, wheat, coarse cereals, and pulses-is vital in developing the Indian economy. This paper carries out change point detection and trend analysis for the annual historical series of food grains in India. The change points were identified by the methods of the Pettitt?s test (PT), the Buishand?s range test (BRT), and the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT). On the other hand, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used to determine the presence and absence of trends in food grain production, and their slopes were assessed by the Sen?s slope estimator. The change point analysis result shows significant change points for food grains at a 95% level. The discrete change points were observed from 1982 to 2009, but the ideal change point, i.e., 1987, was captured in all food grains. In India?s history, agricultural production in the year 1987 was vulnerable due to drought, and thus it is strong evidence of the need to consider methods based on proven facts. The MK test results reveal that the trend in food grain production was statistically significant and had an upward direction in all three segmentation periods after 1987.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135450715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to answer questions regarding how Serbian distillers evaluate the quality of their products and their chances on the market. The author also intends to determine the number of market segments for rakija, the Serbian national spirit. As this is the first known study of distillers and the economics of rakija production in Serbia, this research will be exploratory in nature. A quantitative survey of professional and hobbyist rakija distillers (N = 104) was conducted online in October 2021, which means that at the 95% probability level, the sampling error is below 10%. Rakija distillers rated the quality of their rakija as relatively high - 7.88 out of 10, while, conversely, they rated the market situation as relatively low - 2.67 out of 7. They are very enthusiastic about their future market prospects - 4.19 out of 7, but with current business approaches and their outdated production methods, their future does not look bright. It has been found that the rakija market in Serbia has three segments in terms of price: low-priced (up to 500 dinars), mid-priced (between 501 and 1000 dinars), and high-priced (1001 dinars and above). The median, or medium price of all rakija in our sample, was 750 dinars. Finally, a feasible strategy for the rakija market was synthesized by the SWOT/TOWS analysis. The research findings will be useful not only for distillers, but also important for agricultural policymakers as stricter standards need to be introduced to ensure rakija quality.
{"title":"The way Serbian rakija distillers evaluate the quality and market position of their spirits","authors":"Slobodan Adžić","doi":"10.2298/jas2302217a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2302217a","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to answer questions regarding how Serbian distillers evaluate the quality of their products and their chances on the market. The author also intends to determine the number of market segments for rakija, the Serbian national spirit. As this is the first known study of distillers and the economics of rakija production in Serbia, this research will be exploratory in nature. A quantitative survey of professional and hobbyist rakija distillers (N = 104) was conducted online in October 2021, which means that at the 95% probability level, the sampling error is below 10%. Rakija distillers rated the quality of their rakija as relatively high - 7.88 out of 10, while, conversely, they rated the market situation as relatively low - 2.67 out of 7. They are very enthusiastic about their future market prospects - 4.19 out of 7, but with current business approaches and their outdated production methods, their future does not look bright. It has been found that the rakija market in Serbia has three segments in terms of price: low-priced (up to 500 dinars), mid-priced (between 501 and 1000 dinars), and high-priced (1001 dinars and above). The median, or medium price of all rakija in our sample, was 750 dinars. Finally, a feasible strategy for the rakija market was synthesized by the SWOT/TOWS analysis. The research findings will be useful not only for distillers, but also important for agricultural policymakers as stricter standards need to be introduced to ensure rakija quality.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90322502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war is affecting Ukrainian agriculture. For example, Ukraine is no longer able to export agricultural products such as grains and cereals by sea to regional (European) and international markets, although this has been partially mitigated by the creation of a ?grain corridor?. As a result, food security in Ukraine, and to some extent, in the region (EU) and globally, is at some risk, especially in countries that rely heavily on agricultural imports from Ukraine. About 70% of the land in Ukraine is used for agricultural production. This paper provides an overview of Ukrainian agricultural production using statistics for 2018?2022, based on available literature, as well as FAO and official Ukrainian government statistics. Global production of the main grain crops and cereals (wheat, maize, barley, rapeseed, and sunflower), ranging between 2.9 and 6.6%, showed an upward trend in 2017?2021. Ukraine accounted for 9, 12, 12, 14, and 50% of the global trade market (import + export) in 2020/2021 for wheat, maize, barley, rapeseed, and sunflower oil, respectively. About 75% of agricultural products and services (892,852 million UAH in total) come from the crop industry, with the remainder from the livestock industry. Fertilizer export was banned in 2022.
{"title":"Agricultural production in Ukraine: An insight into the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on local, regional and global food security","authors":"J. A. Teixeira da Silva, I. Koblianska, A. Kucher","doi":"10.2298/jas2302121t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2302121t","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war is affecting Ukrainian agriculture. For example, Ukraine is no longer able to export agricultural products such as grains and cereals by sea to regional (European) and international markets, although this has been partially mitigated by the creation of a ?grain corridor?. As a result, food security in Ukraine, and to some extent, in the region (EU) and globally, is at some risk, especially in countries that rely heavily on agricultural imports from Ukraine. About 70% of the land in Ukraine is used for agricultural production. This paper provides an overview of Ukrainian agricultural production using statistics for 2018?2022, based on available literature, as well as FAO and official Ukrainian government statistics. Global production of the main grain crops and cereals (wheat, maize, barley, rapeseed, and sunflower), ranging between 2.9 and 6.6%, showed an upward trend in 2017?2021. Ukraine accounted for 9, 12, 12, 14, and 50% of the global trade market (import + export) in 2020/2021 for wheat, maize, barley, rapeseed, and sunflower oil, respectively. About 75% of agricultural products and services (892,852 million UAH in total) come from the crop industry, with the remainder from the livestock industry. Fertilizer export was banned in 2022.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79371987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) is represented in the world by about 200 ornamental forms, 43 of which were discovered and described in landscaping and nurseries of Lviv. The first plantations in Lviv date back to the 1920s. They were introduced by the professor at the Medical Institute T. Vilchynskyi, who brought material for cuttings from a nursery in Kurnik (Poland). The decorative qualities of these cultivars were determined on the basis of characteristic features and evaluated in points: the shape and density of the crown, the color of the needles, the nature of branching, and the features of seed-bearing. These decorative qualities formed the basis for the construction of various elements of garden and park compositions with the participation of tapeworms, alleys, green walls, hedges, boskets, topiaries, and rock gardens. The highest number of points (12) was obtained by 46.4% of ornamental forms, 11 - 16.3%, 10 - 9.3%, and 8 -11.6%. Cultivars with a distinct regular crown shape received high evaluation points. The options for the spatial arrangement of individuals were proposed and the distance between seating positions was recommended. Taking into account the high plasticity of cultivars and the ability to form crowns, variants of clipped hedges and topiaries were recommended. Several models have been proposed based on the distribution of ornamental plant groups based on their symmetry, silhouettes, alignments, contrasts, colors, density, and sizes. Cultivars were selected for each variant, and their group arrangement was proposed.
北白雪松(Thuja occidentalis L.)在世界上约有200种观赏形式，其中43种是在利沃夫的园林绿化和苗圃中发现和描述的。利沃夫的第一个种植园可以追溯到20世纪20年代。他们是由医学研究所的教授T. Vilchynskyi介绍的，他从库尔尼克(波兰)的一个苗圃带来了插枝材料。从冠形密度、针叶颜色、分枝性质、结籽特征等方面对各品种的装饰品质进行了评价。这些装饰品质构成了花园和公园的各种元素的基础，包括绦虫、小巷、绿墙、树篱、插花、树梢和岩石花园。得分最高的是46.4%的观赏植物，其次是11 ~ 16.3%、10 ~ 9.3%和8 ~ 11.6%。具有明显规则树冠形状的品种评价分数较高。提出了个人空间安排的选择，并建议了座位位置之间的距离。考虑到品种的可塑性和形成树冠的能力，建议修剪树篱和修剪的变种。基于观赏植物群的对称、轮廓、排列、对比、颜色、密度和大小的分布，提出了几种模型。对各变异品种进行了筛选，并提出了其类群安排。
{"title":"Esthetic assessment of the ornamental forms of northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) and their use in garden and park compositions","authors":"Volodymyr Kycheryavyj, Vasyl Popovych","doi":"10.2298/jas2303315k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303315k","url":null,"abstract":"Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) is represented in the world by about 200 ornamental forms, 43 of which were discovered and described in landscaping and nurseries of Lviv. The first plantations in Lviv date back to the 1920s. They were introduced by the professor at the Medical Institute T. Vilchynskyi, who brought material for cuttings from a nursery in Kurnik (Poland). The decorative qualities of these cultivars were determined on the basis of characteristic features and evaluated in points: the shape and density of the crown, the color of the needles, the nature of branching, and the features of seed-bearing. These decorative qualities formed the basis for the construction of various elements of garden and park compositions with the participation of tapeworms, alleys, green walls, hedges, boskets, topiaries, and rock gardens. The highest number of points (12) was obtained by 46.4% of ornamental forms, 11 - 16.3%, 10 - 9.3%, and 8 -11.6%. Cultivars with a distinct regular crown shape received high evaluation points. The options for the spatial arrangement of individuals were proposed and the distance between seating positions was recommended. Taking into account the high plasticity of cultivars and the ability to form crowns, variants of clipped hedges and topiaries were recommended. Several models have been proposed based on the distribution of ornamental plant groups based on their symmetry, silhouettes, alignments, contrasts, colors, density, and sizes. Cultivars were selected for each variant, and their group arrangement was proposed.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135450314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Marković, J. Milenković, M. Petrović, V. Zornić, Nedeljko Racic, Marija Stepic, M. Blagojević
Peas and vetches are the most important plant species for the production of forages, where they can be used as hay, haylage or silage. Due to their specific characteristics - tendency to lodging and high buffering capacity, they are usually grown in a mixture with small grains as support crops to prevent or reduce lodging, reduce buffering capacity, and at the same time obtain biomass suitable for the ensiling process. In pure crops, peas are most often used as green feeds or hay at the stage of first pod formation, while the best quality of vetch dry matter has been achieved by using it at the stage of full flowering or the beginning of first pod formation, when up to 25% of crude protein is obtained in the biomass of pure culture. The nutritive value of pure crops of peas, common vetch and oats, and their mixtures is presented as a function of the structure of the mixtures and the stage of use. Special attention is paid to the content of cell wall components and the dry matter digestibility of these feeds. Because of all of these mentioned above, it is particularly important to choose the right harvesting time to balance the yield and nutritional value of feeds used in bicrops.
{"title":"Nutritive value of field pea - oat and common vetch - oat bicrops","authors":"J. Marković, J. Milenković, M. Petrović, V. Zornić, Nedeljko Racic, Marija Stepic, M. Blagojević","doi":"10.2298/jas2301001m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2301001m","url":null,"abstract":"Peas and vetches are the most important plant species for the production of forages, where they can be used as hay, haylage or silage. Due to their specific characteristics - tendency to lodging and high buffering capacity, they are usually grown in a mixture with small grains as support crops to prevent or reduce lodging, reduce buffering capacity, and at the same time obtain biomass suitable for the ensiling process. In pure crops, peas are most often used as green feeds or hay at the stage of first pod formation, while the best quality of vetch dry matter has been achieved by using it at the stage of full flowering or the beginning of first pod formation, when up to 25% of crude protein is obtained in the biomass of pure culture. The nutritive value of pure crops of peas, common vetch and oats, and their mixtures is presented as a function of the structure of the mixtures and the stage of use. Special attention is paid to the content of cell wall components and the dry matter digestibility of these feeds. Because of all of these mentioned above, it is particularly important to choose the right harvesting time to balance the yield and nutritional value of feeds used in bicrops.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77608542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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