J. Adetumbi, D. Ogunniyan, S. Ajijola, A. Oyegbami, O. Adeniyan
The low seed yield of kenaf in different agro-ecologies in southwestern Nigeria has been partly attributed to the effect of climate change. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to determine the response of kenaf to prevailing weather conditions and the most appropriate planting time to produce optimum seed yield of acceptable quality that will be profitable in humid agro-ecologies of Nigeria. The study was conducted at five research stations (Ibadan, Ilora, Ikenne, Orin Ekiti and Kishi) of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R.&T) in Ibadan, Nigeria, in the 2018 and 2019 planting seasons (June to August). Seeds of five varieties of kenaf (Cuba108, Ifeken DI 400, Ifeken100, Ifeken 400 and Tianung-2) were planted at monthly interval between June and August of each year in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Harvesting, threshing and cleaning were manually done, and samples of clean seeds were analysed for seed quality. Data were obtained on plant height at harvest, seed yield-related traits and seed quality parameters. Profitability analysis was also conducted to estimate the cost and returns to production in the different locations. Kenaf seed yield and quality were highly influenced by the production environment. It is concluded that planting of kenaf in mid-June in southwestern Nigeria will give optimum seed yield of high quality with profitable gross return on investment.
{"title":"The appropriate planting time for the profitable production of the quality seed of kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus L.) in southwestern Nigeria","authors":"J. Adetumbi, D. Ogunniyan, S. Ajijola, A. Oyegbami, O. Adeniyan","doi":"10.2298/jas2203253a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2203253a","url":null,"abstract":"The low seed yield of kenaf in different agro-ecologies in southwestern Nigeria has been partly attributed to the effect of climate change. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to determine the response of kenaf to prevailing weather conditions and the most appropriate planting time to produce optimum seed yield of acceptable quality that will be profitable in humid agro-ecologies of Nigeria. The study was conducted at five research stations (Ibadan, Ilora, Ikenne, Orin Ekiti and Kishi) of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R.&T) in Ibadan, Nigeria, in the 2018 and 2019 planting seasons (June to August). Seeds of five varieties of kenaf (Cuba108, Ifeken DI 400, Ifeken100, Ifeken 400 and Tianung-2) were planted at monthly interval between June and August of each year in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Harvesting, threshing and cleaning were manually done, and samples of clean seeds were analysed for seed quality. Data were obtained on plant height at harvest, seed yield-related traits and seed quality parameters. Profitability analysis was also conducted to estimate the cost and returns to production in the different locations. Kenaf seed yield and quality were highly influenced by the production environment. It is concluded that planting of kenaf in mid-June in southwestern Nigeria will give optimum seed yield of high quality with profitable gross return on investment.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78260141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asma Abdurhman, Z. Mamlic, G. Dozet, G. Cvijanović, Vojin Djukic, Marija Bajagić, Vojin Cvijanović
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aqueous extracts of different plant species on the grain and protein yield of soybean. The testing was conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on the seeds of the NS Apolo variety. The aqueous extracts of the above-ground part of nettle, the above-ground part of nettle and comfrey, whole banana fruit, banana peel, onion bulbs leaves, the top parts of willow twigs and the top parts of soybean plants were foliarly applied. In addition to the untreated control variant, the experiment also included a distilled water control. Control with distilled water was to show whether the effect of aqueous plant extracts was due to plant material or just water. The results of the experiment showed that the use of aqueous extracts contributed to the increase in grain and protein yield. The increase in grain yield ranged from 9.48% to 15.34%, and the increase in protein yield from 9.31% to 16.16%. The best effect was achieved by applying the aqueous extract of the whole banana fruit and the aqueous extract of the mix of nettle and comfrey. By applying them each year, a significantly higher yield was achieved in relation to the control with distilled water.
{"title":"The influence of the application of different plant aqueous extracts on grain and protein yield in soybean production","authors":"Asma Abdurhman, Z. Mamlic, G. Dozet, G. Cvijanović, Vojin Djukic, Marija Bajagić, Vojin Cvijanović","doi":"10.2298/jas2202127a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2202127a","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aqueous extracts of different plant species on the grain and protein yield of soybean. The testing was conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on the seeds of the NS Apolo variety. The aqueous extracts of the above-ground part of nettle, the above-ground part of nettle and comfrey, whole banana fruit, banana peel, onion bulbs leaves, the top parts of willow twigs and the top parts of soybean plants were foliarly applied. In addition to the untreated control variant, the experiment also included a distilled water control. Control with distilled water was to show whether the effect of aqueous plant extracts was due to plant material or just water. The results of the experiment showed that the use of aqueous extracts contributed to the increase in grain and protein yield. The increase in grain yield ranged from 9.48% to 15.34%, and the increase in protein yield from 9.31% to 16.16%. The best effect was achieved by applying the aqueous extract of the whole banana fruit and the aqueous extract of the mix of nettle and comfrey. By applying them each year, a significantly higher yield was achieved in relation to the control with distilled water.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76462274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genetic diversity in 48 lupin (Lupinus albus (L.) accessions collected from the Amhara region, Ethiopia, was assessed using seed storage protein markers (SDS-PAGE). A total of 30 different protein bands with sizes ranging from 11 to 100 kDa were detected. The average number of protein bands, the percentage of polymorphism, and gene diversity in the accessions were 16.96, 20.35, and 0.072, respectively. Genetic diversity estimates showed that West Gojam and Bahir Dar areas could be the most important sources for lupin genetic resources. The pair-wise comparison of genetic distances (GDs) among the accessions ranged from 0.011 to 0.378. The most distantly related accessions were accession 6, collected from the West Gojam zone, and accession 28 from the Bahir Dar area. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed the absence of a distinct group, and most of the accessions were intermixed. Population structure analysis revealed that the 48 lupin accessions could be assigned to three clusters. Similar to PCoA, no defined grouping based on geographic origin was observed. Accessions from different geographic origins being grouped together could be attributed to a common origin for the various accessions in the different zones, or it could be the result of seed-mediated gene flow among different lupin growing areas of the country.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Lupinus albus (L.) from the Amhara region of Ethiopia using seed storage protein markers","authors":"S. Kelemu, E. Shiferaw, F. Hailu","doi":"10.2298/jas2201001k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2201001k","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity in 48 lupin (Lupinus albus (L.) accessions collected from the Amhara region, Ethiopia, was assessed using seed storage protein markers (SDS-PAGE). A total of 30 different protein bands with sizes ranging from 11 to 100 kDa were detected. The average number of protein bands, the percentage of polymorphism, and gene diversity in the accessions were 16.96, 20.35, and 0.072, respectively. Genetic diversity estimates showed that West Gojam and Bahir Dar areas could be the most important sources for lupin genetic resources. The pair-wise comparison of genetic distances (GDs) among the accessions ranged from 0.011 to 0.378. The most distantly related accessions were accession 6, collected from the West Gojam zone, and accession 28 from the Bahir Dar area. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed the absence of a distinct group, and most of the accessions were intermixed. Population structure analysis revealed that the 48 lupin accessions could be assigned to three clusters. Similar to PCoA, no defined grouping based on geographic origin was observed. Accessions from different geographic origins being grouped together could be attributed to a common origin for the various accessions in the different zones, or it could be the result of seed-mediated gene flow among different lupin growing areas of the country.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80559971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global organic agriculture and consumption of organic food has continuously increased over the past decades. The aim of the research was to determine and compare cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in organic and conventional root and tuber vegetables from the Serbian market. Samples of three root and tuber vegetables commonly consumed in Serbia, including potatoes, carrots and beetroots, were collected at two green markets and four supermarkets in the territory of the city of Belgrade, Serbia. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in fresh weight were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in two types of vegetables were compared by the t-test. Cd and Pb concentrations in both types of vegetables were below allowable limits. Potato mean Cd concentration was significantly lower in the organic than in the conventional type (0.021 mg kg-1 and 0.037 mg kg-1, respectively). In carrots, it was the opposite, Cd concentration was higher in the organic type, but the difference was not significant either between the two types or for beetroots. Results indicated lower Pb levels in organic potatoes and beetroots, and higher Pb levels in organic carrots, but differences between means were not significant in all tested vegetables. Obtained results are not conclusive, but they indicate lower or similar concentrations of both metals in organic vegetables in comparison to conventional types.
{"title":"The assessment of cadmium and lead in organic and conventional root and tuber vegetables from the Serbian market","authors":"J. Savić","doi":"10.2298/jas2202153s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2202153s","url":null,"abstract":"Global organic agriculture and consumption of organic food has continuously increased over the past decades. The aim of the research was to determine and compare cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in organic and conventional root and tuber vegetables from the Serbian market. Samples of three root and tuber vegetables commonly consumed in Serbia, including potatoes, carrots and beetroots, were collected at two green markets and four supermarkets in the territory of the city of Belgrade, Serbia. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in fresh weight were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in two types of vegetables were compared by the t-test. Cd and Pb concentrations in both types of vegetables were below allowable limits. Potato mean Cd concentration was significantly lower in the organic than in the conventional type (0.021 mg kg-1 and 0.037 mg kg-1, respectively). In carrots, it was the opposite, Cd concentration was higher in the organic type, but the difference was not significant either between the two types or for beetroots. Results indicated lower Pb levels in organic potatoes and beetroots, and higher Pb levels in organic carrots, but differences between means were not significant in all tested vegetables. Obtained results are not conclusive, but they indicate lower or similar concentrations of both metals in organic vegetables in comparison to conventional types.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74261861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Jovičić, M. Vujadinovic, A. Vukovic, Andja Radonjić, O. Petrović-Obradović
Populations of the most abundant alfalfa aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum and Therioaphis trifolii, have periodic fluctuations, and many factors affect their dynamics. In the present study, we examined the impact of daily air temperatures on the abundance of two alfalfa aphids in field conditions. The numbers of these two aphids on alfalfa were documented at two locations in a representative alfalfa growing area in Serbia during a three-year field study. Based on the records of aphid abundance and daily air temperatures during the whole study, it was found that a correlation between the sum of optimal daily air temperatures for aphid development, the sum of maximum daily air temperatures and the number of recorded aphid peaks was significant and can therefore be considered for the detection of suitable temperature conditions to increase aphid abundance. The study shows that the highest correlations were between a high density of A. pisum and the sum of optimal daily air temperatures for its development (Ck=0.569) and between a high density of T. trifolii and the sum of maximum daily air temperatures (Ck=0.595). The length of time required for the growth of populations of the two alfalfa aphids differed: 30 days for A. pisum and 5 days for T. trifolii. The association of temperature data to alfalfa aphid abundance enables a projection of their population behavior in changed future climate conditions. This study suggests increased population sizes of T. trifolii and decreased population sizes of A. pisum on alfalfa under the warmer conditions that are expected to prevail in the future.
{"title":"Effects of temperature on Acyrthosiphon pisum and Therioaphis trifolii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) abundance in alfalfa crops: A case study in northern Serbia","authors":"I. Jovičić, M. Vujadinovic, A. Vukovic, Andja Radonjić, O. Petrović-Obradović","doi":"10.2298/jas2203269j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2203269j","url":null,"abstract":"Populations of the most abundant alfalfa aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum and Therioaphis trifolii, have periodic fluctuations, and many factors affect their dynamics. In the present study, we examined the impact of daily air temperatures on the abundance of two alfalfa aphids in field conditions. The numbers of these two aphids on alfalfa were documented at two locations in a representative alfalfa growing area in Serbia during a three-year field study. Based on the records of aphid abundance and daily air temperatures during the whole study, it was found that a correlation between the sum of optimal daily air temperatures for aphid development, the sum of maximum daily air temperatures and the number of recorded aphid peaks was significant and can therefore be considered for the detection of suitable temperature conditions to increase aphid abundance. The study shows that the highest correlations were between a high density of A. pisum and the sum of optimal daily air temperatures for its development (Ck=0.569) and between a high density of T. trifolii and the sum of maximum daily air temperatures (Ck=0.595). The length of time required for the growth of populations of the two alfalfa aphids differed: 30 days for A. pisum and 5 days for T. trifolii. The association of temperature data to alfalfa aphid abundance enables a projection of their population behavior in changed future climate conditions. This study suggests increased population sizes of T. trifolii and decreased population sizes of A. pisum on alfalfa under the warmer conditions that are expected to prevail in the future.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82644415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hussein, M. Oke, J. Adeyanju, Oluseye Oladapo Abiona
Food processors and consumers frequently worry about the inconsistent colour of dried tomatoes. To minimize detrimental color changes, process parameters need to be optimized. Thus, digital imaging with the Photoshop software and optimization with the Taguchi technique were explored to determine the surface color of microwave-dried tomato slices. The tomato sample was pretreated with water blanching (WB), ascorbic acid (AA) and sodium metabisulphite (SB). In addition, the sample was cut into 4-mm, 6-mm and 8-mm thicknesses and dried at 90W, 180W and 360W microwave power levels following the Taguchi experimental design. Color characteristics (L*, a*, b*, change in color, browning index, hue, and chroma) of the dried tomato slices were determined. The L*, a*, and b* values of fresh tomatoes were 56.73, 44.51, and 38.38, respectively. The optimum processing conditions for the color characteristics varied significantly (p< 0.05). Pretreatment is the prime significant processing parameter controlling the L*, b*, ?E, BI, and hue values. At the same time, the slice thickness considerably influenced the a* value, the ratio of a*/b* and chroma values. The digital imaging color measurements of dried tomato slices provide a suitable method for non-destructive color analysis. The ability to upgrade and modify tomato processors so they can accommodate bulk color characteristics will be made possible by this knowledge.
{"title":"The optimisation of the colour analysis of microwave-dried tomatoes applying the Taguchi technique","authors":"J. Hussein, M. Oke, J. Adeyanju, Oluseye Oladapo Abiona","doi":"10.2298/jas2204395h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2204395h","url":null,"abstract":"Food processors and consumers frequently worry about the inconsistent colour of dried tomatoes. To minimize detrimental color changes, process parameters need to be optimized. Thus, digital imaging with the Photoshop software and optimization with the Taguchi technique were explored to determine the surface color of microwave-dried tomato slices. The tomato sample was pretreated with water blanching (WB), ascorbic acid (AA) and sodium metabisulphite (SB). In addition, the sample was cut into 4-mm, 6-mm and 8-mm thicknesses and dried at 90W, 180W and 360W microwave power levels following the Taguchi experimental design. Color characteristics (L*, a*, b*, change in color, browning index, hue, and chroma) of the dried tomato slices were determined. The L*, a*, and b* values of fresh tomatoes were 56.73, 44.51, and 38.38, respectively. The optimum processing conditions for the color characteristics varied significantly (p< 0.05). Pretreatment is the prime significant processing parameter controlling the L*, b*, ?E, BI, and hue values. At the same time, the slice thickness considerably influenced the a* value, the ratio of a*/b* and chroma values. The digital imaging color measurements of dried tomato slices provide a suitable method for non-destructive color analysis. The ability to upgrade and modify tomato processors so they can accommodate bulk color characteristics will be made possible by this knowledge.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85592861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Takooree, H. Neetoo, V. Ranghoo‐Sanmukhiya, V. Vally, A. Bulajić, D. Van
Late blight, a disease caused by oomycota, Phytophthora infestans, is a greater threat to the potato crop than any other disease in Mauritius. This disease remains the most challenging to manage once symptoms have appeared, thus requiring rapid detection for effective disease management. The aim of this study was to compare different methods for early detection of the causal agent of potato late blight. Conventional culture-based methods involved the direct isolation of P. infestans from infected leaves on Carrot Piece Agar (CPA), Carrot Sucrose Agar (CSA), Commercial Potato Dextrose Agar (CPDA), Fresh Potato Dextrose Agar (FPDA-1 and FPDA-2), Oatmeal Agar (OMA), Pea Sucrose Agar (PSA) and Water Agar (WA) without antibiotic supplementation. Mycelial growth on agar was subsequently identified using molecular techniques. A culture-independent method was also attempted whereby total genomic DNA was directly extracted from symptomatic leaves with mycelial growth followed by PCR amplification with ITS5/ITS4 primers and sequencing. The different media ranked in the following decreasing order of performance: PSA >>> CSA ~ FPDA-1 > CPA ~ CPDA ~ OMA, with growth appearing on PSA within 7 days without contamination. DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the agent recovered from PSA and from diseased leaves to be P. infestans. Findings of this study point to an optimum nutritive medium for recovering and culturing P. infestans from leaves with foliar blight without the use of antibiotics. Alternatively, a culture-independent method can be used for rapid detection and identification during routine disease surveillance.
{"title":"A comparison of methods for the detection of Phytophthora infestans on potatoes in Mauritius","authors":"S. Takooree, H. Neetoo, V. Ranghoo‐Sanmukhiya, V. Vally, A. Bulajić, D. Van","doi":"10.2298/jas2202203t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2202203t","url":null,"abstract":"Late blight, a disease caused by oomycota, Phytophthora infestans, is a greater threat to the potato crop than any other disease in Mauritius. This disease remains the most challenging to manage once symptoms have appeared, thus requiring rapid detection for effective disease management. The aim of this study was to compare different methods for early detection of the causal agent of potato late blight. Conventional culture-based methods involved the direct isolation of P. infestans from infected leaves on Carrot Piece Agar (CPA), Carrot Sucrose Agar (CSA), Commercial Potato Dextrose Agar (CPDA), Fresh Potato Dextrose Agar (FPDA-1 and FPDA-2), Oatmeal Agar (OMA), Pea Sucrose Agar (PSA) and Water Agar (WA) without antibiotic supplementation. Mycelial growth on agar was subsequently identified using molecular techniques. A culture-independent method was also attempted whereby total genomic DNA was directly extracted from symptomatic leaves with mycelial growth followed by PCR amplification with ITS5/ITS4 primers and sequencing. The different media ranked in the following decreasing order of performance: PSA >>> CSA ~ FPDA-1 > CPA ~ CPDA ~ OMA, with growth appearing on PSA within 7 days without contamination. DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the agent recovered from PSA and from diseased leaves to be P. infestans. Findings of this study point to an optimum nutritive medium for recovering and culturing P. infestans from leaves with foliar blight without the use of antibiotics. Alternatively, a culture-independent method can be used for rapid detection and identification during routine disease surveillance.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78543077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs fed diets containing rain tree pods (RPs) were evaluated using 20 pigs. Five diets were formulated with RP replacing maize in the control diet at 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The pigs were randomly allotted to the 5 dietary treatments, with 4 replicates of one (1) pig per replicate, and fed ad libitum for eight weeks. Data were collected on initial weight, final weight (FW), daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), cost per kilogram feed (CKF), and feed cost per kilogram weight gain. At week eight, the pigs were moved into individual metabolic crates for a digestibility trial. Rain tree pods, feed and fecal samples were analyzed for proximate composition, and metabolic energy was calculated following standard procedures. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, and nitrogen-free extract were calculated. Data generated were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. The growth performance of pigs fed a 10% RP diet was similar to those fed a control diet. As the dietary inclusion of RP increased, the DFI, DWG and FW of the pigs decreased (p<0.001). The FCR increased while CKF reduced significantly (p<0.001) with an increasing level of RP in the diets. Apparent nutrient digestibility was depressed (p<0.01) with the inclusion of RP in the diets of pigs. This study concluded that the inclusion of 10% RP as a replacement for maize in the diet of growing pigs gave optimal growth performance and reduced feed cost.
{"title":"The growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs fed rain tree (Albizia saman) pods as a replacement for maize","authors":"O. Irekhore, A. Akinsoyinu, K. Bello","doi":"10.2298/jas2203285i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2203285i","url":null,"abstract":"The growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs fed diets containing rain tree pods (RPs) were evaluated using 20 pigs. Five diets were formulated with RP replacing maize in the control diet at 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The pigs were randomly allotted to the 5 dietary treatments, with 4 replicates of one (1) pig per replicate, and fed ad libitum for eight weeks. Data were collected on initial weight, final weight (FW), daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), cost per kilogram feed (CKF), and feed cost per kilogram weight gain. At week eight, the pigs were moved into individual metabolic crates for a digestibility trial. Rain tree pods, feed and fecal samples were analyzed for proximate composition, and metabolic energy was calculated following standard procedures. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, and nitrogen-free extract were calculated. Data generated were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. The growth performance of pigs fed a 10% RP diet was similar to those fed a control diet. As the dietary inclusion of RP increased, the DFI, DWG and FW of the pigs decreased (p<0.001). The FCR increased while CKF reduced significantly (p<0.001) with an increasing level of RP in the diets. Apparent nutrient digestibility was depressed (p<0.01) with the inclusion of RP in the diets of pigs. This study concluded that the inclusion of 10% RP as a replacement for maize in the diet of growing pigs gave optimal growth performance and reduced feed cost.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"193 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78324439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mishchenko, I. Laiko, Serhiy Tkachenko, Y. Lavrynenko, T. Marchenko, O. Piliarska
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a species sensitive to the influence of exogenous growth regulators, both in the treatment of vegetative plant tissues and in vitro culture. 1-naphthylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3), ascorbic acid and nicotinic acid of exogenous origin in the studied concentrations and doses caused a change in the content of cannabinoids in plants of the variety USO 31. Ascorbic acid, auxins and GA3 significantly reduced the content of cannabinoids, whereas nicotinic acid and cytokinins increased it. Under the influence of nicotinic acid and BAP, a higher content of cannabinoid compounds was stably manifested during each of the three years of processing and it is inherited by at least one generation of descendants. An additional method to increase the level of non-psychotropic cannabinoids may be the treatment of vegetative plant tissues with cytokinin BAP (the concentration of 40 mg/l, the consumption rate of 30 ml/m2, the phase of growth and development BBCH 51), which, in contrast to high concentrations of nicotinic acid, significantly increased the content of cannabidiol, and, to a lesser extent, tetrahydrocannabinol. The selection traits of the hemp - stem total length, mass and fiber content, seed productivity and sex determination significantly increased under treatment. A wide range of possibilities for phytohormones of exogenous origin in regulating cannabinoid accumulation, morphogenesis of hemp plants and their productivity was confirmed. Different hemp genotypes may have different responses to plant growth regulators and concentrations, which should be established in each case.
{"title":"The influence of exogenous growth regulators on the cannabinoid content and the main selection traits of hemp (Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa)","authors":"S. Mishchenko, I. Laiko, Serhiy Tkachenko, Y. Lavrynenko, T. Marchenko, O. Piliarska","doi":"10.2298/jas2203237m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2203237m","url":null,"abstract":"Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a species sensitive to the influence of exogenous growth regulators, both in the treatment of vegetative plant tissues and in vitro culture. 1-naphthylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3), ascorbic acid and nicotinic acid of exogenous origin in the studied concentrations and doses caused a change in the content of cannabinoids in plants of the variety USO 31. Ascorbic acid, auxins and GA3 significantly reduced the content of cannabinoids, whereas nicotinic acid and cytokinins increased it. Under the influence of nicotinic acid and BAP, a higher content of cannabinoid compounds was stably manifested during each of the three years of processing and it is inherited by at least one generation of descendants. An additional method to increase the level of non-psychotropic cannabinoids may be the treatment of vegetative plant tissues with cytokinin BAP (the concentration of 40 mg/l, the consumption rate of 30 ml/m2, the phase of growth and development BBCH 51), which, in contrast to high concentrations of nicotinic acid, significantly increased the content of cannabidiol, and, to a lesser extent, tetrahydrocannabinol. The selection traits of the hemp - stem total length, mass and fiber content, seed productivity and sex determination significantly increased under treatment. A wide range of possibilities for phytohormones of exogenous origin in regulating cannabinoid accumulation, morphogenesis of hemp plants and their productivity was confirmed. Different hemp genotypes may have different responses to plant growth regulators and concentrations, which should be established in each case.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77728931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Viskovic, D. Djatkov, Aleksandar Nesterovic, M. Martinov, Slobodan M. Cvetković
Manure is a by-product at agricultural farms that can consist of excrement, bedding, food, and other substances. Manure is a significant form of organic fertilizer, but it negatively impacts the environment. The objectives of this study are to determine the quantities of manure and classify them depending on the size and type of farms in Serbia and to quantify greenhouse gas emissions in Serbia from manure management. About 8.6 million m3 of fresh liquid manure and about 20.4 million tons of fresh solid manure are generated in Serbia. The dominant types of manures are liquid pig manure and cattle solid and liquid manures. Approximately 81% of the total amount of manure is located at farms with less than 100 livestock units. In Serbia, at large farms with over 1,000 livestock units, about 12% of the total amount of manure is generated. In 2020, about 23 Gg of CH4 and 1 Gg of N2O were emitted directly from manure. About 1,1 Gg of N2O is emitted indirectly from manure management. Total emissions of greenhouse gases originating from manure in 2020 amounted to about 1,144 GgCO2eq. Greenhouse gas emissions are declining due to the reduction of livestock, so in comparison to 1990, they are reduced by 36% for this sector.
{"title":"Manure in Serbia - quantities and greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"M. Viskovic, D. Djatkov, Aleksandar Nesterovic, M. Martinov, Slobodan M. Cvetković","doi":"10.2298/jas2201029v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2201029v","url":null,"abstract":"Manure is a by-product at agricultural farms that can consist of excrement, bedding, food, and other substances. Manure is a significant form of organic fertilizer, but it negatively impacts the environment. The objectives of this study are to determine the quantities of manure and classify them depending on the size and type of farms in Serbia and to quantify greenhouse gas emissions in Serbia from manure management. About 8.6 million m3 of fresh liquid manure and about 20.4 million tons of fresh solid manure are generated in Serbia. The dominant types of manures are liquid pig manure and cattle solid and liquid manures. Approximately 81% of the total amount of manure is located at farms with less than 100 livestock units. In Serbia, at large farms with over 1,000 livestock units, about 12% of the total amount of manure is generated. In 2020, about 23 Gg of CH4 and 1 Gg of N2O were emitted directly from manure. About 1,1 Gg of N2O is emitted indirectly from manure management. Total emissions of greenhouse gases originating from manure in 2020 amounted to about 1,144 GgCO2eq. Greenhouse gas emissions are declining due to the reduction of livestock, so in comparison to 1990, they are reduced by 36% for this sector.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76507048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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