An agricultural loan is an essential tool for transforming commercial agriculture into a profitable venture. In view of this, this study investigated determinants of access to agricultural loans and the profitability of small-scale cassava processing. It also tested whether access to agricultural loans affected the net farm income of cassava processors in Oyo State using budgetary analysis, endogenous switching regression model (ESRM) and augmented inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (AIPWRA) as a robustness check. A multistage random sampling procedure was employed to gather information from 120 cassava processors. The results revealed that female processors dominated cassava processing, and processors had a mean age of 41.1?7.5 years. Only 23% of the respondents had agricultural loan access, which was primarily sourced informally. Budgetary analysis showed that processors earned an average net farm income of N10,449.87 (US$29.03) in a production cycle. Endogenous switching regression analysis revealed that married and educated cassava processors that were socially inclusive and that had a large processing unit and earned meagre off-farm income were more likely to access agricultural loans. Furthermore, education (?=0.019, p<0.1), number of family members working (?=0.241, p<0.01), processors? experience (?=0.028, p<0.05) and enterprise size (?=0.001, p<0.01) influenced the net farm income of processors that had access to agricultural loans. The treatment effect from the AIPWRA result revealed that ATT and POM for cassava processing were 4.5% and 37%, respectively. Business risks, small enterprise size and high interest rate were the major constraints to agricultural loan access. From the foregoing, a need for a technical support system among cassava processors is inevitable. More so, cassava processors should be encouraged to join trade associations, and young processors should be given priority in credit initiatives for cassava processing.
{"title":"The nexus between agricultural loan access and farm income of small-scale cassava processors in Oyo state, Nigeria: An endogenous switching regression approach","authors":"O. Omodara, O. Adetunji, O. Oluwasola","doi":"10.2298/jas2201083o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2201083o","url":null,"abstract":"An agricultural loan is an essential tool for transforming commercial agriculture into a profitable venture. In view of this, this study investigated determinants of access to agricultural loans and the profitability of small-scale cassava processing. It also tested whether access to agricultural loans affected the net farm income of cassava processors in Oyo State using budgetary analysis, endogenous switching regression model (ESRM) and augmented inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (AIPWRA) as a robustness check. A multistage random sampling procedure was employed to gather information from 120 cassava processors. The results revealed that female processors dominated cassava processing, and processors had a mean age of 41.1?7.5 years. Only 23% of the respondents had agricultural loan access, which was primarily sourced informally. Budgetary analysis showed that processors earned an average net farm income of N10,449.87 (US$29.03) in a production cycle. Endogenous switching regression analysis revealed that married and educated cassava processors that were socially inclusive and that had a large processing unit and earned meagre off-farm income were more likely to access agricultural loans. Furthermore, education (?=0.019, p<0.1), number of family members working (?=0.241, p<0.01), processors? experience (?=0.028, p<0.05) and enterprise size (?=0.001, p<0.01) influenced the net farm income of processors that had access to agricultural loans. The treatment effect from the AIPWRA result revealed that ATT and POM for cassava processing were 4.5% and 37%, respectively. Business risks, small enterprise size and high interest rate were the major constraints to agricultural loan access. From the foregoing, a need for a technical support system among cassava processors is inevitable. More so, cassava processors should be encouraged to join trade associations, and young processors should be given priority in credit initiatives for cassava processing.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84854392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Svetlana Roljević-Nikolić, Ž. Dolijanović, D. Kovačević, S. Oljaca, H. Majstorović
The rhizosphere is a dynamic environment in which many parameters may influence biogenicity. The important factors determining the microbial community in the rhizosphere are plant and soil nutrient supply. The aim of this paper was to determine the abundance of basic microbiological groups in the rhizosphere of four wheat subspecies, in three fertilization treatments in the organic farming system. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. It was carried out on the leached chernozem soil type. There was significant variability in the abundance of the studied physiological groups of microorganisms between the wheat subspecies, as well as between the fertilization treatments. The rhizosphere of common wheat had the greatest abundance of fungi (24.37 x 103 g-1). The rhizosphere of compactum wheat had the largest abundance of oligonitrophilic bacteria (361.47 x 105 g-1) and amonificators (119.27 x 105 g-1). There were no significant differences in the abundance of actinomycetes between the cultivars of common, compactum and durum wheat, but their lowest number was found in the spelt wheat cultivar (11.25 x 103 g-1). The combined application of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer resulted in a significantly greater abundance of amonificators (56.6%), fungi (28.2%) and oligonitrophiles (14.6%) than in the control treatment. The results show that the crop variety and application of appropriate fertilizer formulations can influence the abundance of the studied groups of microorganisms. This is particularly the case in organic farming, which relies completely on natural resources and processes.
{"title":"Soil biogenicity in the rhizosphere of different wheat genotypes under the impact of fertilization treatment","authors":"Svetlana Roljević-Nikolić, Ž. Dolijanović, D. Kovačević, S. Oljaca, H. Majstorović","doi":"10.2298/jas2204367r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2204367r","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizosphere is a dynamic environment in which many parameters may influence biogenicity. The important factors determining the microbial community in the rhizosphere are plant and soil nutrient supply. The aim of this paper was to determine the abundance of basic microbiological groups in the rhizosphere of four wheat subspecies, in three fertilization treatments in the organic farming system. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. It was carried out on the leached chernozem soil type. There was significant variability in the abundance of the studied physiological groups of microorganisms between the wheat subspecies, as well as between the fertilization treatments. The rhizosphere of common wheat had the greatest abundance of fungi (24.37 x 103 g-1). The rhizosphere of compactum wheat had the largest abundance of oligonitrophilic bacteria (361.47 x 105 g-1) and amonificators (119.27 x 105 g-1). There were no significant differences in the abundance of actinomycetes between the cultivars of common, compactum and durum wheat, but their lowest number was found in the spelt wheat cultivar (11.25 x 103 g-1). The combined application of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer resulted in a significantly greater abundance of amonificators (56.6%), fungi (28.2%) and oligonitrophiles (14.6%) than in the control treatment. The results show that the crop variety and application of appropriate fertilizer formulations can influence the abundance of the studied groups of microorganisms. This is particularly the case in organic farming, which relies completely on natural resources and processes.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72449105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Passion fruit is valued for its intense flavoured juice used in juice mixes. Though cultivation is prominent in many tropical regions, it is a new crop in southwest Nigeria regardless of the favourable ecology. New crop establishment depends on meeting the nutrient requirements, among other growth resources. Two experiments were conducted at Abeokuta to evaluate the optimum rate(s) of Sunshine Organic Fertilizer? (SOF) required for the growth of the seedlings. The SOF was applied at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 t/ha in experiments arranged in Completely Randomised Design (CRD) replicated thrice. The application of SOF improved the growth of seedlings, but a rate above 2.0 t/ha resulted in depressed growth. In experiment 1, the application of 0.5 t/ha SOF gave the highest values of 152.7 cm, 19 mm and 19.0 for vine length, vine diameter and the number of leaves. In experiment 2, the number of leaves was the highest at 1.0 t/ha though similar to 1.5 and 2.0 t/ha. The application of SOF had a significant influence on the seedling leaf area (LA) in the experiments. The largest LA occurred in seedlings treated with SOF at 2.0 and 2.5 t/ha. Dry weight and foliar nutrient uptakes in both experiments were significantly influenced by SOF application. The application of SOF at 0.5 t/ha in experiment 1 resulted in higher N uptake, but the reverse was the trend in experiment 2, with higher nutrient uptakes at 1.5-2.5 t/ha SOF. Conclusively, an optimal rate of 2.0 t/ha had positive effects on seedling response.
{"title":"The growth and nutrient uptakes of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis var. Flavicarpa) seedlings in response to organic fertiliser application under tropical conditions","authors":"T. Joseph-Adekunle, J. Fagbayide, O. Olubode","doi":"10.2298/jas2202175j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2202175j","url":null,"abstract":"Passion fruit is valued for its intense flavoured juice used in juice mixes. Though cultivation is prominent in many tropical regions, it is a new crop in southwest Nigeria regardless of the favourable ecology. New crop establishment depends on meeting the nutrient requirements, among other growth resources. Two experiments were conducted at Abeokuta to evaluate the optimum rate(s) of Sunshine Organic Fertilizer? (SOF) required for the growth of the seedlings. The SOF was applied at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 t/ha in experiments arranged in Completely Randomised Design (CRD) replicated thrice. The application of SOF improved the growth of seedlings, but a rate above 2.0 t/ha resulted in depressed growth. In experiment 1, the application of 0.5 t/ha SOF gave the highest values of 152.7 cm, 19 mm and 19.0 for vine length, vine diameter and the number of leaves. In experiment 2, the number of leaves was the highest at 1.0 t/ha though similar to 1.5 and 2.0 t/ha. The application of SOF had a significant influence on the seedling leaf area (LA) in the experiments. The largest LA occurred in seedlings treated with SOF at 2.0 and 2.5 t/ha. Dry weight and foliar nutrient uptakes in both experiments were significantly influenced by SOF application. The application of SOF at 0.5 t/ha in experiment 1 resulted in higher N uptake, but the reverse was the trend in experiment 2, with higher nutrient uptakes at 1.5-2.5 t/ha SOF. Conclusively, an optimal rate of 2.0 t/ha had positive effects on seedling response.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86649837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The major goal of current research is to determine the general frequency of buying organic food and the elementary demographic features of a typical consumer of organic food. Six hundred participants of different genders, ages, levels of education, material and marital statuses, incomes and living areas were comprised. A Google questionnaire was used, in the period from June to December 2021, and it was sent to 800 people, out of whom 600 people filled out the questionnaire completely. The metric characteristics of the applied questionnaire were, as in previous researches in which this instrument was used, at an appropriate level. SPSS version 26 was used for data processing and analysis. Nonparametric techniques have been used due to the irregular distribution of scores on the measured variables. Descriptive statistics was used to adequately present the sample, and the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to detect the existing differences between the groups of participants. It has been shown that the frequency of buying organic food in Serbia is still at a very low level. Classic customers of organic food are mostly older women with higher educational levels and incomes. They usually live in urban areas, while their marital status and the number of children have no effects on making their decision to purchase organic food and products.
{"title":"The basic features of typical consumers of organic food","authors":"V. Mitić, Milica Čolović","doi":"10.2298/jas2204433m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2204433m","url":null,"abstract":"The major goal of current research is to determine the general frequency of buying organic food and the elementary demographic features of a typical consumer of organic food. Six hundred participants of different genders, ages, levels of education, material and marital statuses, incomes and living areas were comprised. A Google questionnaire was used, in the period from June to December 2021, and it was sent to 800 people, out of whom 600 people filled out the questionnaire completely. The metric characteristics of the applied questionnaire were, as in previous researches in which this instrument was used, at an appropriate level. SPSS version 26 was used for data processing and analysis. Nonparametric techniques have been used due to the irregular distribution of scores on the measured variables. Descriptive statistics was used to adequately present the sample, and the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to detect the existing differences between the groups of participants. It has been shown that the frequency of buying organic food in Serbia is still at a very low level. Classic customers of organic food are mostly older women with higher educational levels and incomes. They usually live in urban areas, while their marital status and the number of children have no effects on making their decision to purchase organic food and products.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87167154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tijana Lazarevic, T. Petrović, G. Todorović, M. Sečanski, Jelena Golijan-Pantović, S. Lekić
Spelt (Triticum spelta L.) has been increasingly attracting producers due to the biological properties and chemical composition of its seeds. As high-quality seeds are necessary for successful production, the vigour of organically and conventionally produced spelt seeds has been studied and results are presented in this paper. The seeds of the variety Nirvana produced by both methods at the Maize Research Institute ?Zemun Polje? in 2015 were observed. According to the results, the germination energy of conventionally and organically produced seeds amounted to 30% and 69%, respectively. The total germination of conventionally and organically produced spelt seeds amounted to 99% and 93%, respectively. The percentage of abnormal seedlings of spelt produced by both methods amounted to 1% on average. The participation of diseased and dead seeds was higher in organically produced seeds (6%) than in conventionally produced seeds (0%). After the seed accelerated ageing test, a higher germination was observed in conventionally produced seeds (75%) than in organically produced seeds (68%). The electric conductivity of conventionally produced seeds amounted to 189.4 ?S/cm and 195.2 ?S/cm in the first and the second replication, respectively, while the values of organically produced seeds amounted to 95.5 ?S/cm and 98.6 ?S/cm, in the first and the second replication, respectively. The results obtained by the electrical conductivity test indicated that the conventionally produced spelt seeds (32.33 ?S/cm g) were classified into the category of low vigour seeds in comparison to organically produced spelt seeds (27.65 ?S/cm g).
{"title":"The seed vigour of spelt produced at the Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”","authors":"Tijana Lazarevic, T. Petrović, G. Todorović, M. Sečanski, Jelena Golijan-Pantović, S. Lekić","doi":"10.2298/jas2204355l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2204355l","url":null,"abstract":"Spelt (Triticum spelta L.) has been increasingly attracting producers due to the biological properties and chemical composition of its seeds. As high-quality seeds are necessary for successful production, the vigour of organically and conventionally produced spelt seeds has been studied and results are presented in this paper. The seeds of the variety Nirvana produced by both methods at the Maize Research Institute ?Zemun Polje? in 2015 were observed. According to the results, the germination energy of conventionally and organically produced seeds amounted to 30% and 69%, respectively. The total germination of conventionally and organically produced spelt seeds amounted to 99% and 93%, respectively. The percentage of abnormal seedlings of spelt produced by both methods amounted to 1% on average. The participation of diseased and dead seeds was higher in organically produced seeds (6%) than in conventionally produced seeds (0%). After the seed accelerated ageing test, a higher germination was observed in conventionally produced seeds (75%) than in organically produced seeds (68%). The electric conductivity of conventionally produced seeds amounted to 189.4 ?S/cm and 195.2 ?S/cm in the first and the second replication, respectively, while the values of organically produced seeds amounted to 95.5 ?S/cm and 98.6 ?S/cm, in the first and the second replication, respectively. The results obtained by the electrical conductivity test indicated that the conventionally produced spelt seeds (32.33 ?S/cm g) were classified into the category of low vigour seeds in comparison to organically produced spelt seeds (27.65 ?S/cm g).","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81077872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Svetlana Roljević-Nikolić, Ž. Dolijanović, V. Zečević, N. Puvača, S. Oljaca, Srdjan Seremesic
The aim of the study was to examine the impact of microbiological and organic fertilizers on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale during a three-year period (2009/10-2011/12). A two-factorial field experiment was arranged using a randomized block design with four replications. The object of the study was the triticale winter cultivar Odisej, and the following treatments were applied: a control variant without fertilization, microbiological fertilizer ?Slavol? (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1, organic fertilizer ?Biohumus Royal offert? (Altamed RS) 3.0 t ha-1 + microbiological fertilizer ?Slavol? (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1. The results showed that the expression of the characteristics was significantly affected by the environment. The lowest values were obtained in the first year when the most unfavourable meteorological conditions were observed. The application of microbiological fertilizer had no impact on the stem length and grain weight per spike, but it significantly increased the number of fertile spikelets (3.7%), spike length (7.7%) and grain yield (18.6%). The combined application of fertilizers provided better results for all the examined characteristics, while in comparison with the control, the differences ranged from 4.3% for the number of fertile spikelets to 46.5% for grain yield. The strongest correlation was determined between the spike length and the number of fertile spikelets (r = 0.939**). The obtained results lead to the conclusion that under variable environmental conditions, the application of fertilizers has a significant impact on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale, and consequently on the stability of this crop production in the organic farming system.
本研究旨在研究微生物和有机肥对小黑麦形态和生产特性的影响，为期三年(2009/10-2011/12)。二因子田间试验采用随机区组设计，设4个重复。以小黑麦冬季栽培品种Odisej为研究对象，采用不施肥的对照变异、微生物肥、Slavol?(agrouik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1，有机肥料?(Altamed RS) 3.0 t ha-1 +微生物肥料?(agrouik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1。结果表明，这些性状的表达受环境影响显著。最低值出现在观测到最不利气象条件的第一年。施用微生物肥对茎长和穗重无显著影响，但显著提高了可育小穗数(3.7%)、穗长(7.7%)和籽粒产量(18.6%)。与对照相比，可育小穗数和籽粒产量的差异从4.3%到46.5%不等。穗长与可育小穗数的相关性最强(r = 0.939**)。所得结果表明，在不同的环境条件下，肥料的施用对小黑麦的形态和生产特征有显著影响，从而影响有机耕作系统中该作物生产的稳定性。
{"title":"Effects of organic and microbiological fertilizers on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale in the organic farming system","authors":"Svetlana Roljević-Nikolić, Ž. Dolijanović, V. Zečević, N. Puvača, S. Oljaca, Srdjan Seremesic","doi":"10.2298/jas2201013r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2201013r","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to examine the impact of microbiological and organic fertilizers on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale during a three-year period (2009/10-2011/12). A two-factorial field experiment was arranged using a randomized block design with four replications. The object of the study was the triticale winter cultivar Odisej, and the following treatments were applied: a control variant without fertilization, microbiological fertilizer ?Slavol? (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1, organic fertilizer ?Biohumus Royal offert? (Altamed RS) 3.0 t ha-1 + microbiological fertilizer ?Slavol? (Agrounik Serbia) 5.0 l ha-1. The results showed that the expression of the characteristics was significantly affected by the environment. The lowest values were obtained in the first year when the most unfavourable meteorological conditions were observed. The application of microbiological fertilizer had no impact on the stem length and grain weight per spike, but it significantly increased the number of fertile spikelets (3.7%), spike length (7.7%) and grain yield (18.6%). The combined application of fertilizers provided better results for all the examined characteristics, while in comparison with the control, the differences ranged from 4.3% for the number of fertile spikelets to 46.5% for grain yield. The strongest correlation was determined between the spike length and the number of fertile spikelets (r = 0.939**). The obtained results lead to the conclusion that under variable environmental conditions, the application of fertilizers has a significant impact on morphological and productive characteristics of triticale, and consequently on the stability of this crop production in the organic farming system.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83544627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Omoyajowo, A. Adesuyi, Kolawole Omoyajowo, O. Odipe, L. Ogunyebi
Food insecurity across the globe, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria, portends deleterious health challenges owing to various environmental contaminants, including the incursion of pesticides into the biosphere and the consequential retention of pesticide residues in food composition. This study provides a depth of insights into a comprehensive analysis on how the indiscriminate applications of pesticides have distorted both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, altered the food chain and occasioned the appalling incidence of food poisoning. Available data from 1958 to 2018 on pesticide food poisoning scenarios in Nigeria were collected, collated and critically evaluated. The findings of this analytical study, which is navigated through a thorough content and discourse analysis of reliable information, unveiled the various channels through which pesticide residues had penetrated into the food chain and its hazardous implications on the plants, animals and humans being at the receiving ebb of the food chain. In addressing this dilemma, the authors suggested a seam of inter-connected critical and strategic tactical approaches to reduce pesticide poisoning, which, if adopted by the Nigerian government and that of other developing countries, will effectively combat the pervasiveness of this threat to food security.
{"title":"Strategies to reduce pesticide residues in food: Remarks on pesticide food poisoning scenarios in Nigeria (1958-2018)","authors":"K. Omoyajowo, A. Adesuyi, Kolawole Omoyajowo, O. Odipe, L. Ogunyebi","doi":"10.2298/jas2202105o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2202105o","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity across the globe, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria, portends deleterious health challenges owing to various environmental contaminants, including the incursion of pesticides into the biosphere and the consequential retention of pesticide residues in food composition. This study provides a depth of insights into a comprehensive analysis on how the indiscriminate applications of pesticides have distorted both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, altered the food chain and occasioned the appalling incidence of food poisoning. Available data from 1958 to 2018 on pesticide food poisoning scenarios in Nigeria were collected, collated and critically evaluated. The findings of this analytical study, which is navigated through a thorough content and discourse analysis of reliable information, unveiled the various channels through which pesticide residues had penetrated into the food chain and its hazardous implications on the plants, animals and humans being at the receiving ebb of the food chain. In addressing this dilemma, the authors suggested a seam of inter-connected critical and strategic tactical approaches to reduce pesticide poisoning, which, if adopted by the Nigerian government and that of other developing countries, will effectively combat the pervasiveness of this threat to food security.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73359251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Janmohammadi, N. Sabaghnia, M. Nouraein, S. Dashti
In the current study, we evaluated the impacts of organic and chemical fertilizers as well as the foliar application of growth regulators on quantitative traits and seed oil content of safflower grown in northwestern Iran. The experiment was done as a split-plot (3 ? 5), and the main plot was assigned to different fertilizers, including organic fertilizer (FYM: farmyard manure 20 t ha-1), full chemical fertilizer (FCF) and no fertilization ?control? (NF). The sub-plots were allocated to foliar spray treatments, which included control (no-spray application; S0), choline (S1), chitosan (S2) and salicylic acid (S3). The results showed that the application of fertilizers significantly affected the oil and protein content of the seed. However, the effect of FYM was more prominent than FCF on oil qualitative characteristics. A significant positive correlation was observed between oil content, protein content, and some fatty acid composition such as oleic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid. The highest values of the previously mentioned traits were obtained using FYMS1, FCFS1 and FYMS3. This trend was also clearly obvious in the content of linoleic acid as the main fatty acid in safflower oil. Among the foliar spraying treatments, the most improving effect was obtained with the use of choline. In conclusion, improving soil conditions through the application of FYM and appropriate amounts of chemical fertilizers is one of the most important agronomic management measures to improve the oil quality of safflower seeds.
在本研究中，我们评价了有机肥和化肥以及叶面施用生长调节剂对伊朗西北部红花数量性状和种子含油量的影响。该实验采用分裂图(3 ?5)，主地块施用不同的肥料，包括有机肥(FYM:农家肥20 t hm -1)、全化肥(FCF)和不施肥?(NF)。分样地进行叶面喷施处理，包括对照(不喷施;S0)、胆碱(S1)、壳聚糖(S2)和水杨酸(S3)。结果表明，施肥对种子中油脂和蛋白质含量有显著影响。但FYM对油质特性的影响比FCF更显著。油脂含量、蛋白质含量与油酸、花生四烯酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸等脂肪酸组成呈显著正相关。FYMS1、FCFS1和FYMS3的上述性状均最高。这一趋势在红花油中主要脂肪酸亚油酸的含量上也表现得十分明显。在叶面喷施处理中，以胆碱处理改善效果最好。综上所述，通过施用化肥和适量化肥改善土壤条件是提高红花种子油质的重要农艺管理措施之一。
{"title":"Effects of the foliar spray of growth regulators on the fatty acid composition of safflower under organic and chemical soil fertilization","authors":"M. Janmohammadi, N. Sabaghnia, M. Nouraein, S. Dashti","doi":"10.2298/jas2202161j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2202161j","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, we evaluated the impacts of organic and chemical fertilizers as well as the foliar application of growth regulators on quantitative traits and seed oil content of safflower grown in northwestern Iran. The experiment was done as a split-plot (3 ? 5), and the main plot was assigned to different fertilizers, including organic fertilizer (FYM: farmyard manure 20 t ha-1), full chemical fertilizer (FCF) and no fertilization ?control? (NF). The sub-plots were allocated to foliar spray treatments, which included control (no-spray application; S0), choline (S1), chitosan (S2) and salicylic acid (S3). The results showed that the application of fertilizers significantly affected the oil and protein content of the seed. However, the effect of FYM was more prominent than FCF on oil qualitative characteristics. A significant positive correlation was observed between oil content, protein content, and some fatty acid composition such as oleic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid. The highest values of the previously mentioned traits were obtained using FYMS1, FCFS1 and FYMS3. This trend was also clearly obvious in the content of linoleic acid as the main fatty acid in safflower oil. Among the foliar spraying treatments, the most improving effect was obtained with the use of choline. In conclusion, improving soil conditions through the application of FYM and appropriate amounts of chemical fertilizers is one of the most important agronomic management measures to improve the oil quality of safflower seeds.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81380909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Stojanović, Z. Stojanović, Sonja Marjanovic, S. Janković, M. Antic, Milica Balaban, V. Antić
Macroelements such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg play a significant physiological role, and their inadequate intake has been linked to severe diseases, such as high blood pressure. Data on risk assessment for human health in Serbia, from the intake of these macroelements through the consumption of canned food, are minimal. Therefore, the content of Na, K, Ca, and Mg in five types of canned meat that members of the Serbian Armed Forces regularly use was examined. Macroelements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in cans of beef goulash, pork ragout, spam, liver pate, and meatballs in tomato sauce, which were stored from one month to six years. The sodium content was significantly higher than the potassium content in all types of food, so the Na/K ratio below 1, desirable for good health, was not found in any of the analyzed products. Also, a significant number of samples had an unfavorable Ca/Mg ratio above 1. However, due to the low consumption of canned food by members of the Serbian Armed Forces, its contribution to the average daily intake of macroelements is almost negligible. The concentration of macroelements decreased with the shelf life, while a significant source of Ka and Mg, among analyzed ingredients, was ground red pepper.
{"title":"Canned meat products for members of the Serbian armed forces: Na, K, Ca, and Mg content and health risks/benefits","authors":"B. Stojanović, Z. Stojanović, Sonja Marjanovic, S. Janković, M. Antic, Milica Balaban, V. Antić","doi":"10.2298/jas2204415s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2204415s","url":null,"abstract":"Macroelements such as Na, K, Ca, and Mg play a significant physiological role, and their inadequate intake has been linked to severe diseases, such as high blood pressure. Data on risk assessment for human health in Serbia, from the intake of these macroelements through the consumption of canned food, are minimal. Therefore, the content of Na, K, Ca, and Mg in five types of canned meat that members of the Serbian Armed Forces regularly use was examined. Macroelements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in cans of beef goulash, pork ragout, spam, liver pate, and meatballs in tomato sauce, which were stored from one month to six years. The sodium content was significantly higher than the potassium content in all types of food, so the Na/K ratio below 1, desirable for good health, was not found in any of the analyzed products. Also, a significant number of samples had an unfavorable Ca/Mg ratio above 1. However, due to the low consumption of canned food by members of the Serbian Armed Forces, its contribution to the average daily intake of macroelements is almost negligible. The concentration of macroelements decreased with the shelf life, while a significant source of Ka and Mg, among analyzed ingredients, was ground red pepper.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77761449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The key task of all enterprises, regardless of the activity they are engaged in, is constant growth and development. This is a prerequisite for survival in the modern market. The continuous monitoring and analysis of all production and financial performance of the enterprise are extremely important, with liquidity as the most important. It is a very important indicator of the overall financial condition of the company and is the most urgent requirement that is placed before modern companies. Liquidity is defined as the company's ability to timely settle its short-term liabilities. A comprehensive definition of liquidity implies that, in addition to the ability to settle short-term liabilities, the company has enough working capital to continue its current business activity. The focus of this research is on the financial performance of enterprises that, according to the official classification of activities, belong to sector A - Agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the liquidity of these companies and perform the ranking by applying the modern method of multi-criteria decision-making MABAC. The results of the research clearly show that the liquidity of the agricultural sector of Serbia is not at a satisfactory level, and the best results were recorded in 2019.
{"title":"The assessment and ranking of the liquidity of Serbian agricultural enterprises","authors":"Ljubiša Ševkušić, Radomir Bodiroga, V. Vukoje","doi":"10.2298/jas2203321s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2203321s","url":null,"abstract":"The key task of all enterprises, regardless of the activity they are engaged in, is constant growth and development. This is a prerequisite for survival in the modern market. The continuous monitoring and analysis of all production and financial performance of the enterprise are extremely important, with liquidity as the most important. It is a very important indicator of the overall financial condition of the company and is the most urgent requirement that is placed before modern companies. Liquidity is defined as the company's ability to timely settle its short-term liabilities. A comprehensive definition of liquidity implies that, in addition to the ability to settle short-term liabilities, the company has enough working capital to continue its current business activity. The focus of this research is on the financial performance of enterprises that, according to the official classification of activities, belong to sector A - Agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the liquidity of these companies and perform the ranking by applying the modern method of multi-criteria decision-making MABAC. The results of the research clearly show that the liquidity of the agricultural sector of Serbia is not at a satisfactory level, and the best results were recorded in 2019.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89339451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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