Teodora Kukrić, A. Marjanović-Jeromela, Z. Nikolić, D. Jovičić
Soil salinization is one of the most significant global problems, leading to reduced agricultural productivity potential and biodiversity. The main salt commonly found on the surface of soils and in water is NaCl, which directly impacts plant growth and land degradation. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the morpho-physiological characteristics of two genotypes of Camelina sativa (?NS Slatka?; ?NS Zlatka?) and two genotypes of Carthamus tinctorius (?NS Lana?; ?NS Una?), which potentially characterize them as salt-tolerant crops. The levels of salinity tolerance were compared under five NaCl treatments, ranging from 0 mM to 200 mM. Based on the obtained results, seeds of all four genotypes germinated at the highest salt concentration (200mM NaCl), but the germination percentage declined at all salt concentrations. Moreover, lower salt concentrations induced root elongation and reduced shoot length of seedlings of all four genotypes. Salt stress tolerance indexes showed the importance of converting the plant parameters into mathematical indexes, and the significance of comparing all the tolerance indexes according to salt stress.
{"title":"A comparative study on salt stress response of Camelina sativa and Carthamus tinctorius during germination","authors":"Teodora Kukrić, A. Marjanović-Jeromela, Z. Nikolić, D. Jovičić","doi":"10.2298/jas2302141k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2302141k","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization is one of the most significant global problems, leading to reduced agricultural productivity potential and biodiversity. The main salt commonly found on the surface of soils and in water is NaCl, which directly impacts plant growth and land degradation. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the morpho-physiological characteristics of two genotypes of Camelina sativa (?NS Slatka?; ?NS Zlatka?) and two genotypes of Carthamus tinctorius (?NS Lana?; ?NS Una?), which potentially characterize them as salt-tolerant crops. The levels of salinity tolerance were compared under five NaCl treatments, ranging from 0 mM to 200 mM. Based on the obtained results, seeds of all four genotypes germinated at the highest salt concentration (200mM NaCl), but the germination percentage declined at all salt concentrations. Moreover, lower salt concentrations induced root elongation and reduced shoot length of seedlings of all four genotypes. Salt stress tolerance indexes showed the importance of converting the plant parameters into mathematical indexes, and the significance of comparing all the tolerance indexes according to salt stress.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79280151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to determine the parameters of adaptability of winter crop varieties for cultivation in the western forest-steppe zone of Ukraine (2019-2021). The subject of the study were wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties: Vodogray bilotserkivsky, Oberig Myronivsky, Mudrist odeska; rye (Secale ?ereale L.): Knyazhe, Kobza, Kharkivyanka; triticale (Triticosecale Witt.): Markian, Molfar, Obrij myronivsky. The tests were carried out in the field. The area of the experimental plot was 55 m2, and the placement of varieties was consecutive with three repetitions. The results showed that under the basic cultivation technologies and weather conditions of the growing seasons, the grain productivity of soft wheat varieties varied from 4.88 (Mudrist odeska) to 5.39 t ha-1 (Oberig Myronivsky); rye - from 5.55 (Kharkivyanka) to 6.32 t ha-1 (Kobza); triticale - from 6.45 (Markian) to 6.74 t ha-1 (Obrij myronivsky). The results obtained allow to conclude that ecologically plastic varieties of winter crops in the conditions of the studied soil-climatic zone accumulate a sufficient amount of sugar in the tillering nodes - 25-30%, ensure overwintering of plants - 94-96%, are resistant to the main diseases, which contributes to the production of high-quality seeds to ensure the cultivated area in the region and the efficiency of seed production.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the productivity of winter crops (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], rye [Secale cereale L.], triticale [Triticosecale Witt.]) in the western forest-steppe of Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.2298/jas2301081v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2301081v","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the parameters of adaptability of winter crop varieties for cultivation in the western forest-steppe zone of Ukraine (2019-2021). The subject of the study were wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties: Vodogray bilotserkivsky, Oberig Myronivsky, Mudrist odeska; rye (Secale ?ereale L.): Knyazhe, Kobza, Kharkivyanka; triticale (Triticosecale Witt.): Markian, Molfar, Obrij myronivsky. The tests were carried out in the field. The area of the experimental plot was 55 m2, and the placement of varieties was consecutive with three repetitions. The results showed that under the basic cultivation technologies and weather conditions of the growing seasons, the grain productivity of soft wheat varieties varied from 4.88 (Mudrist odeska) to 5.39 t ha-1 (Oberig Myronivsky); rye - from 5.55 (Kharkivyanka) to 6.32 t ha-1 (Kobza); triticale - from 6.45 (Markian) to 6.74 t ha-1 (Obrij myronivsky). The results obtained allow to conclude that ecologically plastic varieties of winter crops in the conditions of the studied soil-climatic zone accumulate a sufficient amount of sugar in the tillering nodes - 25-30%, ensure overwintering of plants - 94-96%, are resistant to the main diseases, which contributes to the production of high-quality seeds to ensure the cultivated area in the region and the efficiency of seed production.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74966175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of the study was to examine the walnut population from the region of Eastern Serbia for determining the relationship between the end of the vegetation period and fruit properties (fruit weight, kernel percentage, oil and crude protein contents). The walnut trees showed highly significant differences in the tested parameters. The walnut population was dominated by trees with a medium end of the vegetation period, moderate resistance to low temperatures (39.5%) and very small fruits (23.5%). The fruits of these trees had ? high kernel percentage (15.8%) and moderate oil and crude protein contents (25.8% and 38.3%, respectively). Contrary, the walnut population comprised the fewest trees of late ending of the vegetation period, with extremely large fruits (0.1%), exceptional kernel percentage (0.2%) and pronouncedly high oil and crude protein contents (0.07% and 0.5%, respectively). The studied walnut trees show great variability in the date of the end of vegetation and fruit properties, which indicates a high potential of the population in the selection of new genotypes, and the necessity for their conservation for further breeding, propagation and commercial cultivation.
{"title":"The relationship between the end of the vegetation period and fruit properties in the walnut population in Eastern Serbia","authors":"","doi":"10.2298/jas2301097p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2301097p","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the study was to examine the walnut population from the region of Eastern Serbia for determining the relationship between the end of the vegetation period and fruit properties (fruit weight, kernel percentage, oil and crude protein contents). The walnut trees showed highly significant differences in the tested parameters. The walnut population was dominated by trees with a medium end of the vegetation period, moderate resistance to low temperatures (39.5%) and very small fruits (23.5%). The fruits of these trees had ? high kernel percentage (15.8%) and moderate oil and crude protein contents (25.8% and 38.3%, respectively). Contrary, the walnut population comprised the fewest trees of late ending of the vegetation period, with extremely large fruits (0.1%), exceptional kernel percentage (0.2%) and pronouncedly high oil and crude protein contents (0.07% and 0.5%, respectively). The studied walnut trees show great variability in the date of the end of vegetation and fruit properties, which indicates a high potential of the population in the selection of new genotypes, and the necessity for their conservation for further breeding, propagation and commercial cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marija Nikolic, Dejana Vuckovic, Nikola Mihailovic
One of the key links in the system of knowledge and information transfer in Serbian agriculture is the extension service, which acts as a mediator between scientific institutions and different user groups. Extension officers prefer to cooperate with already formed user groups, such as agricultural cooperatives, because they unite farmers with similar production and are convenient for group methods of extension work. This paper aims to examine the quality of cooperation between agricultural extension services and agricultural cooperatives in Serbia and to evaluate the views of farmers (cooperative members) on the success of this cooperation. For this research, a survey was conducted with 220 respondents, members of agricultural cooperatives. The analysis showed that over 80% of cooperative members cooperated with extension service, and that they were more satisfied with the quantity of extension services than with the quality. More than half of the respondents believe that extension services need to be adapted to the needs of cooperatives, and that the cooperatives should be given more attention in the media appearances of extension officers. This research provides an important insight into the form and specifics of cooperation between agricultural extension services and agricultural cooperatives, on the basis of which measures for their continuous improvement can be proposed.
{"title":"Cooperation between agricultural еxtension services and cooperatives - the state and possibilities","authors":"Marija Nikolic, Dejana Vuckovic, Nikola Mihailovic","doi":"10.2298/jas2303363n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303363n","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key links in the system of knowledge and information transfer in Serbian agriculture is the extension service, which acts as a mediator between scientific institutions and different user groups. Extension officers prefer to cooperate with already formed user groups, such as agricultural cooperatives, because they unite farmers with similar production and are convenient for group methods of extension work. This paper aims to examine the quality of cooperation between agricultural extension services and agricultural cooperatives in Serbia and to evaluate the views of farmers (cooperative members) on the success of this cooperation. For this research, a survey was conducted with 220 respondents, members of agricultural cooperatives. The analysis showed that over 80% of cooperative members cooperated with extension service, and that they were more satisfied with the quantity of extension services than with the quality. More than half of the respondents believe that extension services need to be adapted to the needs of cooperatives, and that the cooperatives should be given more attention in the media appearances of extension officers. This research provides an important insight into the form and specifics of cooperation between agricultural extension services and agricultural cooperatives, on the basis of which measures for their continuous improvement can be proposed.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135450027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekemini Obok, Francis Ekpiken, Joyce Akpan, Francis Nwagwu, Macauley Ittah, Donatus Uwah
A field experiment was conducted to assess the growth and yield of watermelon Citrullus lanatus [(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] under acidic soil conditions in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The experiment was a 3 ? 3 factorial experiment laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The factors studied were varieties (Heracles F1, Kaolack and Sugar Baby), lime rates (0 t ha-1, 2.7 t ha-1 and 5.7 t ha-1), and their interactions on watermelon growth and yield traits. Heracles F1 and Kaolack outperformed Sugar Baby (p ? 0.05) regarding growth and yield traits. Lime rates of 2.7 t ha-1 and 5.7 t ha-1 increased the initial soil pH range (4.6-4.9) by 21.74% (5.4-5.8) and 43.48% (6.4-6.7), respectively. These rates improved the soil pH to a range suitable for watermelon cultivation in the study area. Vine length, number of leaves, transverse and longitudinal sections of the fruits and sugar content of the fruits had ? 50% heritability, a useful index in the selection of choice growth and yield traits in watermelon. Overall, GAM was greater than GA for each of the traits except for the total number of seeds per fruit. Multi-location studies are recommended to give further insights to this pilot study.
采用田间试验研究了西瓜瓜(Citrullus lanatus)的生长和产量。Matsum。,Nakai]在尼日利亚克罗斯河州卡拉巴尔的酸性土壤条件下。这个实验是一个3 ?3个因子试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个重复。研究了品种(Heracles F1、Kaolack和Sugar Baby)、石灰用量(0 t ha-1、2.7 t ha-1和5.7 t ha-1)及其对西瓜生长和产量性状的相互作用。《Heracles F1》和《Kaolack》的表现优于《Sugar Baby》(p ?0.05)对生长和产量性状的影响。施石灰2.7 t hm -1和5.7 t hm -1分别使土壤初始pH范围(4.6 ~ 4.9)增大21.74%(5.4 ~ 5.8)和43.48%(6.4 ~ 6.7)。这些速率使土壤pH值提高到适合研究区西瓜栽培的范围。藤长、叶数、果实横切面和纵切面以及果实含糖量有?50%的遗传率是西瓜择优生长和产量性状选择的有用指标。总体而言，除单果种子总数外，GAM在各性状上均大于GA。建议进行多地点研究，以进一步了解这项初步研究。
{"title":"Growth, yield and variance components of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) grown on lime (CaCo3)-amended acidic soil of south-eastern Nigeria","authors":"Ekemini Obok, Francis Ekpiken, Joyce Akpan, Francis Nwagwu, Macauley Ittah, Donatus Uwah","doi":"10.2298/jas2303283e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2303283e","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to assess the growth and yield of watermelon Citrullus lanatus [(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] under acidic soil conditions in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The experiment was a 3 ? 3 factorial experiment laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The factors studied were varieties (Heracles F1, Kaolack and Sugar Baby), lime rates (0 t ha-1, 2.7 t ha-1 and 5.7 t ha-1), and their interactions on watermelon growth and yield traits. Heracles F1 and Kaolack outperformed Sugar Baby (p ? 0.05) regarding growth and yield traits. Lime rates of 2.7 t ha-1 and 5.7 t ha-1 increased the initial soil pH range (4.6-4.9) by 21.74% (5.4-5.8) and 43.48% (6.4-6.7), respectively. These rates improved the soil pH to a range suitable for watermelon cultivation in the study area. Vine length, number of leaves, transverse and longitudinal sections of the fruits and sugar content of the fruits had ? 50% heritability, a useful index in the selection of choice growth and yield traits in watermelon. Overall, GAM was greater than GA for each of the traits except for the total number of seeds per fruit. Multi-location studies are recommended to give further insights to this pilot study.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135450176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The identification of adaptable, stable and high yielding genotypes under varying environmental conditions prior to release poses a lot of challenge to plant breeders in selecting the best genotypes of okra. The genotype ? environment interaction is a major challenge to plant breeders because a large interaction can reduce selection gain and make the identification of superior cultivars difficult. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of okra accessions in different environments and identify a high yielding and stable accession so as to select a parent for further breeding work. Seventeen accessions of okra were evaluated at Akure during the rainy season of 2018, at Akure and Oye during the rainy season of 2019; and at Akure during the rainy season of 2020, making a total of four environments. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction and GGE-biplots were employed for the evaluation of the G?E interaction and stability studies in the four environments. The AMMI analysis identified NGB00378a as the most stable accession and high yielder. Also, GGE biplot identified NGB00378a as highly stable and the high yielder while NGB00355 was the highest yielder, but fairly stable. However, NGB00378a combines good performance with stability. Therefore, NGB00378a is an ideal accession that should be recommended for further breeding work.
{"title":"Yield performance and stability analysis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) accessions using AMMI and GGE biplots","authors":"R. Komolafe, O. Ariyo, O. Alake","doi":"10.2298/jas2204335k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2204335k","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of adaptable, stable and high yielding genotypes under varying environmental conditions prior to release poses a lot of challenge to plant breeders in selecting the best genotypes of okra. The genotype ? environment interaction is a major challenge to plant breeders because a large interaction can reduce selection gain and make the identification of superior cultivars difficult. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of okra accessions in different environments and identify a high yielding and stable accession so as to select a parent for further breeding work. Seventeen accessions of okra were evaluated at Akure during the rainy season of 2018, at Akure and Oye during the rainy season of 2019; and at Akure during the rainy season of 2020, making a total of four environments. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction and GGE-biplots were employed for the evaluation of the G?E interaction and stability studies in the four environments. The AMMI analysis identified NGB00378a as the most stable accession and high yielder. Also, GGE biplot identified NGB00378a as highly stable and the high yielder while NGB00355 was the highest yielder, but fairly stable. However, NGB00378a combines good performance with stability. Therefore, NGB00378a is an ideal accession that should be recommended for further breeding work.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87534757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akinduro Olabisi, A. Kehinde, Osunkeye Jacob, F. Olusola, Adeosun Mojijolajesu
The on-farm attempt to cut down feed costs through bulk fortification of standard animal feed with available cheap conventional feed ingredients or wastes had been a normal practice without a known empirical impact on livestock health and wellbeing. Therefore, this study determined the haematological parameters and serum biochemistry of pigs fed cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seed testa at varying inclusion levels in the formulated standard grower pig feed; T1:0% CST, T2:25% CST, T3:50% CST, T4:75% CST and T5:100% CST. Thirty (30) 8-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to the five treatments of six pigs each and replicated thrice, with two pigs per replicate in a completely randomised design (CRD). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected randomly from three pigs per treatment through the jugular vein using hypodermic needle and syringe for haematological analysis and serum biochemistry. This study recorded significant differences (P<0.05) in most of the haematological parameters, except for white blood cell (WBC), platelet and heterophils; apart from high-density lipoprotein, all serum biochemical indices were also significantly different (P<0.05). Haematological parameters and serum indices were within the normal range for the healthy pig, except for lymphocytes. However, based on the results of the haematological indices and the serum biochemical parameters, it could be concluded that cocoa seed testa at the 25% inclusion level in the standard grower pig feed had the optimum support for the wellbeing and healthy performance of pigs.
{"title":"Haematology and serum biochemistry of pigs fed grower feed fortified with cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seed testa","authors":"Akinduro Olabisi, A. Kehinde, Osunkeye Jacob, F. Olusola, Adeosun Mojijolajesu","doi":"10.2298/jas2204381o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2204381o","url":null,"abstract":"The on-farm attempt to cut down feed costs through bulk fortification of standard animal feed with available cheap conventional feed ingredients or wastes had been a normal practice without a known empirical impact on livestock health and wellbeing. Therefore, this study determined the haematological parameters and serum biochemistry of pigs fed cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seed testa at varying inclusion levels in the formulated standard grower pig feed; T1:0% CST, T2:25% CST, T3:50% CST, T4:75% CST and T5:100% CST. Thirty (30) 8-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to the five treatments of six pigs each and replicated thrice, with two pigs per replicate in a completely randomised design (CRD). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected randomly from three pigs per treatment through the jugular vein using hypodermic needle and syringe for haematological analysis and serum biochemistry. This study recorded significant differences (P<0.05) in most of the haematological parameters, except for white blood cell (WBC), platelet and heterophils; apart from high-density lipoprotein, all serum biochemical indices were also significantly different (P<0.05). Haematological parameters and serum indices were within the normal range for the healthy pig, except for lymphocytes. However, based on the results of the haematological indices and the serum biochemical parameters, it could be concluded that cocoa seed testa at the 25% inclusion level in the standard grower pig feed had the optimum support for the wellbeing and healthy performance of pigs.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80533012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Red clover is an important perennial fodrage legume and a rich source of highly nutritional voluminous forage for livestock feed, which is continuously improved by plant breeding efforts that rely significantly on trait correlation studies. A two-year field trial was conducted at Rimski Sancevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. The aim of this research was to assess correlations of important morpho-agronomic traits and forage quality properties of 46 red clover accessions of diverse origins. The highest Spearman?s correlation coefficient (0.97, p<0.01) was found between the branch number and internode number per stem in the first experimental year. The green mass yield and the dry matter yield in both years had very high (0.95, p<0.01) and high (0.86, p<0.01) correlations, respectively. The stem height and internode number per stem had intermediate correlations in both years (0.68, p<0.01, and 0.50, p<0.01, respectively), and stem height exhibited an intermediate correlation with green mass yield (0.57, p<0.01, and 0.62, p<0.01, respectively) and dry matter yield (0.60, p<0.01, and 0.56, p <0.01, respectively) in both years. Thus, the indirect selection for higher plants with higher numbers of internodes per stem may contribute to accomplishing higher yield performance per plant. Although the branch number showed the highest positive correlation (p<0.01) with internode number per stem and an intermediate positive correlation (p<0.01) with stem height, this trait had a low correlation with green mass yield and dry matter yield and cannot be used as a criterion for indirect selection.
{"title":"Correlations of morpho-agronomic traits and forage quality properties in diverse red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) collections","authors":"Irena Radinovic, S. Vasiljević, Gordana Branković","doi":"10.2298/jas2202139r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2202139r","url":null,"abstract":"Red clover is an important perennial fodrage legume and a rich source of highly nutritional voluminous forage for livestock feed, which is continuously improved by plant breeding efforts that rely significantly on trait correlation studies. A two-year field trial was conducted at Rimski Sancevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. The aim of this research was to assess correlations of important morpho-agronomic traits and forage quality properties of 46 red clover accessions of diverse origins. The highest Spearman?s correlation coefficient (0.97, p<0.01) was found between the branch number and internode number per stem in the first experimental year. The green mass yield and the dry matter yield in both years had very high (0.95, p<0.01) and high (0.86, p<0.01) correlations, respectively. The stem height and internode number per stem had intermediate correlations in both years (0.68, p<0.01, and 0.50, p<0.01, respectively), and stem height exhibited an intermediate correlation with green mass yield (0.57, p<0.01, and 0.62, p<0.01, respectively) and dry matter yield (0.60, p<0.01, and 0.56, p <0.01, respectively) in both years. Thus, the indirect selection for higher plants with higher numbers of internodes per stem may contribute to accomplishing higher yield performance per plant. Although the branch number showed the highest positive correlation (p<0.01) with internode number per stem and an intermediate positive correlation (p<0.01) with stem height, this trait had a low correlation with green mass yield and dry matter yield and cannot be used as a criterion for indirect selection.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82910164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the economies of scale and technical efficiency of smallholder pepper (Capsicum species) production in Abuja, Nigeria. The multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to obtain a total sample size of 100 smallholder pepper farmers. The primary sources of data were obtained from pepper farmers through a well-structured and well-designed questionnaire. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin model, financial analysis, stochastic production frontier model, the elasticity of production, return to scale, and principal component analysis. The results from the study showed that the mean age of pepper farmers observed was 38.3 years. The average household size was 5 persons. The gross margin was N 167, 741.60 per hectare, the rate of returns of the investment in pepper production amounted to 0.89, and the operating ratio was 0.49. The gross margin ratio (GMR) was calculated to be 0.48, and this implies that for every naira that is invested in smallholder pepper production, 48 kobos would be used to cover profits, interest, expenses, taxes, and depreciation. Labour input (P < 0.10), seed input (P < 0.01), farm size (P < 0.01) were significant factors affecting output of smallholder pepper production. The mean technical efficiency was 0.79, leaving a gap of 0.21 for improvement. The returns to scale of 1.2363 imply increasing returns to scale. The study recommends that measures should be put in place to address the challenges of inadequate rainfall through proper irrigation policies.
{"title":"Economies of scale and technical efficiency of smallholder pepper (capsicum species) production in Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"O. Alabi, A. Oladele, I. Maharazu","doi":"10.2298/jas2201063a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2201063a","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the economies of scale and technical efficiency of smallholder pepper (Capsicum species) production in Abuja, Nigeria. The multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to obtain a total sample size of 100 smallholder pepper farmers. The primary sources of data were obtained from pepper farmers through a well-structured and well-designed questionnaire. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin model, financial analysis, stochastic production frontier model, the elasticity of production, return to scale, and principal component analysis. The results from the study showed that the mean age of pepper farmers observed was 38.3 years. The average household size was 5 persons. The gross margin was N 167, 741.60 per hectare, the rate of returns of the investment in pepper production amounted to 0.89, and the operating ratio was 0.49. The gross margin ratio (GMR) was calculated to be 0.48, and this implies that for every naira that is invested in smallholder pepper production, 48 kobos would be used to cover profits, interest, expenses, taxes, and depreciation. Labour input (P < 0.10), seed input (P < 0.01), farm size (P < 0.01) were significant factors affecting output of smallholder pepper production. The mean technical efficiency was 0.79, leaving a gap of 0.21 for improvement. The returns to scale of 1.2363 imply increasing returns to scale. The study recommends that measures should be put in place to address the challenges of inadequate rainfall through proper irrigation policies.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83586929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The farmers? perceptions of climate change (CC) and variability in Okpuje were assessed and compared with historical climate data. They perceive an occurrence of change that affects their farm activities, but lack the scientific understanding of this change. While some do not know what causes the change, others attribute it to God?s vengeance. The perceptions of rising temperature and delay in the onset of the rainy season are corroborated by the analysis of the climate data. The temperature is significantly rising and it increased at the rate of 0.14?C per decade between 1960 and 2019. The rainfall decreased at the rate of 8.5 mm per decade. The rainy season tends toward late-onset and early cessation dates. However, the perception of increasing rainfall in the area was not upheld by the trend analysis of the rainfall data. The difference might be due to high variability in rainfall in space and time. The high rainfall recorded lately might have posed difficulty for the human memory as closer events are remembered easier than distant events and hence can be unravelled via a scientific approach. Nevertheless, since perception shapes adaptation, the people?s indigenous perceptions and experiences should form part of intervention measures and policies for CC adaptation to command greater participation and wider acceptance. Thus, farmers? perceptions provide vital information but would be more reliable if integrated with scientific data analysis for policy and decision-makers in CC science, implying that none of them should be relegated but integrated.
{"title":"Associating farmers’ perception of climate change and variability with historical climate data","authors":"J. Ezeh, E. Madukwe, C. Ezeh","doi":"10.2298/jas2203299e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jas2203299e","url":null,"abstract":"The farmers? perceptions of climate change (CC) and variability in Okpuje were assessed and compared with historical climate data. They perceive an occurrence of change that affects their farm activities, but lack the scientific understanding of this change. While some do not know what causes the change, others attribute it to God?s vengeance. The perceptions of rising temperature and delay in the onset of the rainy season are corroborated by the analysis of the climate data. The temperature is significantly rising and it increased at the rate of 0.14?C per decade between 1960 and 2019. The rainfall decreased at the rate of 8.5 mm per decade. The rainy season tends toward late-onset and early cessation dates. However, the perception of increasing rainfall in the area was not upheld by the trend analysis of the rainfall data. The difference might be due to high variability in rainfall in space and time. The high rainfall recorded lately might have posed difficulty for the human memory as closer events are remembered easier than distant events and hence can be unravelled via a scientific approach. Nevertheless, since perception shapes adaptation, the people?s indigenous perceptions and experiences should form part of intervention measures and policies for CC adaptation to command greater participation and wider acceptance. Thus, farmers? perceptions provide vital information but would be more reliable if integrated with scientific data analysis for policy and decision-makers in CC science, implying that none of them should be relegated but integrated.","PeriodicalId":14882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90484152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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