Longdy Korn, Channaty Ngang, David R. Ader, Pao Srean
Bat guano is rich in carbon, nitrogen, essential minerals and beneficial microbes. It is considered as a potential organic fertilizer for plant growth and productivity. The aim of the study was to test the effect of varying amounts of bat guano on plant growth and productivity of tomato. The results showed that the growth and productivity increased significantly with the amounts of bat guano applied. With the amount of 0.5 or 1 t/ha was found to have the greatest impact compared to other treatment and control groups. The amount of 0.5 t/ha (or 35 g/plant) is an appreciate amount and recommended for tomato production.
{"title":"Bat Guano Application Rate in Horticulture in Cambodia: An Experiment With Tomato","authors":"Longdy Korn, Channaty Ngang, David R. Ader, Pao Srean","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n11p24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n11p24","url":null,"abstract":"Bat guano is rich in carbon, nitrogen, essential minerals and beneficial microbes. It is considered as a potential organic fertilizer for plant growth and productivity. The aim of the study was to test the effect of varying amounts of bat guano on plant growth and productivity of tomato. The results showed that the growth and productivity increased significantly with the amounts of bat guano applied. With the amount of 0.5 or 1 t/ha was found to have the greatest impact compared to other treatment and control groups. The amount of 0.5 t/ha (or 35 g/plant) is an appreciate amount and recommended for tomato production.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136185709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafaella Azevedo Aguiar, Sinara Patrícia Mendes da Costa, Isabela Oliveira Santos, Maria Josiane Martins, Marcilio Nunes Moreira, Isabelle Carolyne Cardoso Batista, Thais de Castro Moreira, Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro, Adelica Aparecida Xavier, Viviane Aparecida Costa Campos, Lorena Gracielly de Almeida Souza, Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo, Renato Martins Alves, Natan Cantuária Nunes, Max Pereira Gonçalves, Patrícia Nirlane da Costa Souza, Silas Silva Santana, Denílson Ferreira Oliveira, Polyana Danyelle dos Santos Silva, Mary Ingrid Alves e Santos, Raquel Venceslau Santos, Sindy Natany Martins Barbosa, Mariany de Jesus Limas, Wander Guilherme da Silva Leles, Helena Souza Nascimento Santos, Nathalia Lélis Faria, Marcelo Ramos de Jesus, Taylor Johnny Patricio Silva, Irisléia Pereira Soares de Sousa, Sabrina Gonçalves Vieira de Castro, Geisla Garcia Leal
Fusarium solani is a soil pathogen and causes disease in several economically important crops. The development of research with essential oils is important. These present a diversity of active substances, with fungicidal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils from Copaifera reticulata, Cymbopogon nardus, Origanum majorana, Allium sativum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Piper nigrum and Cymbopogon citratus on Fusarium solani. The oils were extracted using the technique of steam dragging, in a Clevenger apparatus. In Petri dishes containing essential oils and PDA medium, a fungal mycelium disc was added. After seven days, the mycelial growth, germination and sporulation of the fungus were evaluated. The essential oils of C. nardus, C. citratus and A. sativum were more efficient in controlling F. solani.
{"title":"Essential Oils in the Control of Fusarium solani","authors":"Rafaella Azevedo Aguiar, Sinara Patrícia Mendes da Costa, Isabela Oliveira Santos, Maria Josiane Martins, Marcilio Nunes Moreira, Isabelle Carolyne Cardoso Batista, Thais de Castro Moreira, Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro, Adelica Aparecida Xavier, Viviane Aparecida Costa Campos, Lorena Gracielly de Almeida Souza, Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo, Renato Martins Alves, Natan Cantuária Nunes, Max Pereira Gonçalves, Patrícia Nirlane da Costa Souza, Silas Silva Santana, Denílson Ferreira Oliveira, Polyana Danyelle dos Santos Silva, Mary Ingrid Alves e Santos, Raquel Venceslau Santos, Sindy Natany Martins Barbosa, Mariany de Jesus Limas, Wander Guilherme da Silva Leles, Helena Souza Nascimento Santos, Nathalia Lélis Faria, Marcelo Ramos de Jesus, Taylor Johnny Patricio Silva, Irisléia Pereira Soares de Sousa, Sabrina Gonçalves Vieira de Castro, Geisla Garcia Leal","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n11p71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n11p71","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium solani is a soil pathogen and causes disease in several economically important crops. The development of research with essential oils is important. These present a diversity of active substances, with fungicidal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils from Copaifera reticulata, Cymbopogon nardus, Origanum majorana, Allium sativum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Piper nigrum and Cymbopogon citratus on Fusarium solani. The oils were extracted using the technique of steam dragging, in a Clevenger apparatus. In Petri dishes containing essential oils and PDA medium, a fungal mycelium disc was added. After seven days, the mycelial growth, germination and sporulation of the fungus were evaluated. The essential oils of C. nardus, C. citratus and A. sativum were more efficient in controlling F. solani.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136185707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. M. Pascutti Simão, F. C. Silva, J. C. Guerreiro, A. L. Boiça Junior
Corn is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, however, it can be affected by numerous phytophagous insects that causing economic losses in production. Diceraeus melacanthus belongs to the complex of pests that attack maize. The objective of this work was to evaluate 17 maize genotypes regarding the effects of antixenosis resistance to the stink bug D. melacanthus. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse with maize plants in stage V2 and adult stink bugs. Bioassays of attractiveness and food preference were carried out, in addition to evaluating physical and morphological factors of the plants, such as tissue hardness, number of punctures and colorimetric factors. Genotypes 30A37, IAC 8390, Defender, NS 77 and Supremo Tg were the ones that expressed the greatest antixenotic effects in tests free choice and no-choice, among these Defender and Supremo Tg due to possible morphological causes such as plant tissue hardness. Although the IAC 8390 genotype also presents great potential for resistance, it was not possible to attribute its causes, so more studies should be conducted to evaluate the possible chemical constituents that give them this characteristic.
{"title":"Antixenosis in Constitutive Resistance in Maize Genotypes to the Stink Bug Diceraeus melacanthus","authors":"T. M. Pascutti Simão, F. C. Silva, J. C. Guerreiro, A. L. Boiça Junior","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n11p57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n11p57","url":null,"abstract":"Corn is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, however, it can be affected by numerous phytophagous insects that causing economic losses in production. Diceraeus melacanthus belongs to the complex of pests that attack maize. The objective of this work was to evaluate 17 maize genotypes regarding the effects of antixenosis resistance to the stink bug D. melacanthus. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse with maize plants in stage V2 and adult stink bugs. Bioassays of attractiveness and food preference were carried out, in addition to evaluating physical and morphological factors of the plants, such as tissue hardness, number of punctures and colorimetric factors. Genotypes 30A37, IAC 8390, Defender, NS 77 and Supremo Tg were the ones that expressed the greatest antixenotic effects in tests free choice and no-choice, among these Defender and Supremo Tg due to possible morphological causes such as plant tissue hardness. Although the IAC 8390 genotype also presents great potential for resistance, it was not possible to attribute its causes, so more studies should be conducted to evaluate the possible chemical constituents that give them this characteristic.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136185710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert J. Martin, Pao Srean, Sophea Yous, Harry Campbell-Ross, Chariya Korn, Ratha Rien, Sokunroth Chhun, Santik Kheav, Saro Ratt, Daniel K.Y. Tan
Two varieties of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) are most commonly grown in Battambang Province North-West Cambodia: KPS-2 (Thailand); and DX-208 (Vietnam). From the buyer’s point of view, the ideal variety would have large shiny seeds and from the farmer’s point of view, resistance to pod-shattering for single-pick or mechanical harvesting is a priority. KPS-2 has resistance to pod-shattering but small seeds and DX-208 has large seeds but has pods that shatter readily. The ideal variety would have both traits. This study evaluated 17 released mungbean varieties from Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and Australia for grain yield, seed weight and resistance to pod-shattering in a series of experiments from 2019 to 2021. In 2019, the four Cambodian varieties were evaluated alongside 11 Australian public varieties. Five of the Australian varieties were rejected because of low seed weight, dull seed coat and unacceptable color. Cambodian variety CMB-1 was rejected because of dull seed coat and indeterminate maturity. In 2021, the six remaining Australian varieties were re-evaluated together with locally grown varieties (DX-208, KPS-2) and Cambodian varieties (CARDI Chey, CMB-2 and CMB-3). The seed weight for Emerald was very similar to that for DX-208. Seed weights for CARDI Chey, CMB-3, King and Shantung were not significantly different to KPS-2. In laboratory testing for resistance to pod shattering, Delta, Emerald and KPS-2 were the most resistant and DX-208 was the most susceptible to pod shattering. The Australian varieties Delta and Emerald are recommended for further testing across other mungbean growing regions of Cambodia before submission for registration and commercial release.
{"title":"Evaluation of Mungbean Varieties for Adaptation to Rice-Based Cropping Systems and Profitability in North-West Cambodia","authors":"Robert J. Martin, Pao Srean, Sophea Yous, Harry Campbell-Ross, Chariya Korn, Ratha Rien, Sokunroth Chhun, Santik Kheav, Saro Ratt, Daniel K.Y. Tan","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n11p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n11p10","url":null,"abstract":"Two varieties of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) are most commonly grown in Battambang Province North-West Cambodia: KPS-2 (Thailand); and DX-208 (Vietnam). From the buyer’s point of view, the ideal variety would have large shiny seeds and from the farmer’s point of view, resistance to pod-shattering for single-pick or mechanical harvesting is a priority. KPS-2 has resistance to pod-shattering but small seeds and DX-208 has large seeds but has pods that shatter readily. The ideal variety would have both traits. This study evaluated 17 released mungbean varieties from Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and Australia for grain yield, seed weight and resistance to pod-shattering in a series of experiments from 2019 to 2021. In 2019, the four Cambodian varieties were evaluated alongside 11 Australian public varieties. Five of the Australian varieties were rejected because of low seed weight, dull seed coat and unacceptable color. Cambodian variety CMB-1 was rejected because of dull seed coat and indeterminate maturity. In 2021, the six remaining Australian varieties were re-evaluated together with locally grown varieties (DX-208, KPS-2) and Cambodian varieties (CARDI Chey, CMB-2 and CMB-3). The seed weight for Emerald was very similar to that for DX-208. Seed weights for CARDI Chey, CMB-3, King and Shantung were not significantly different to KPS-2. In laboratory testing for resistance to pod shattering, Delta, Emerald and KPS-2 were the most resistant and DX-208 was the most susceptible to pod shattering. The Australian varieties Delta and Emerald are recommended for further testing across other mungbean growing regions of Cambodia before submission for registration and commercial release.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136185711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomatoes are highly sensitive to herbicides, and concerns have been raised regarding off-target movement of dicamba and 2,4-D with the advent of new technologies in crops like soybean and cotton. Greenhouse studies were conducted over two years to assess the effect of low rates of dicamba on tomatoes at different growth stages and investigate fruit contamination. Treatments included untreated controls and dicamba applied at 1/16X, 1/32X, 1/64X, and 1/128X rates with non-ionic surfactant (NIS). Tomato plants at three growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and fruiting) were evaluated for dicamba sensitivity. Vegetative stage plants showed the highest sensitivity, while no significant differences in injury were observed between flowering and fruiting stages. Only the untreated controls produced fruit at the vegetative stage. Plants at flowering and fruiting stages successfully produced fruits. Harvested tomato fruits from each dicamba rate and the untreated control were planted, and progeny (F1) seedlings were evaluated for dicamba symptomology. No visual dicamba symptoms were observed in the tomato progeny, indicating the absence of dicamba contamination. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed no detectable levels of dicamba in the fruit samples. These findings indicate that low rates of dicamba, even at simulated drift levels, do not significantly affect tomatoes or result in fruit contamination. The results contribute to understanding the risks associated with herbicide drift and its impact on sensitive crops like tomatoes.
{"title":"Effect of Low Rate of Dicamba on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) at Different Growth Stages","authors":"Taghi Bararpour, Te Ming Tseng","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n10p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n10p9","url":null,"abstract":"Tomatoes are highly sensitive to herbicides, and concerns have been raised regarding off-target movement of dicamba and 2,4-D with the advent of new technologies in crops like soybean and cotton. Greenhouse studies were conducted over two years to assess the effect of low rates of dicamba on tomatoes at different growth stages and investigate fruit contamination. Treatments included untreated controls and dicamba applied at 1/16X, 1/32X, 1/64X, and 1/128X rates with non-ionic surfactant (NIS). Tomato plants at three growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and fruiting) were evaluated for dicamba sensitivity. Vegetative stage plants showed the highest sensitivity, while no significant differences in injury were observed between flowering and fruiting stages. Only the untreated controls produced fruit at the vegetative stage. Plants at flowering and fruiting stages successfully produced fruits. Harvested tomato fruits from each dicamba rate and the untreated control were planted, and progeny (F1) seedlings were evaluated for dicamba symptomology. No visual dicamba symptoms were observed in the tomato progeny, indicating the absence of dicamba contamination. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed no detectable levels of dicamba in the fruit samples. These findings indicate that low rates of dicamba, even at simulated drift levels, do not significantly affect tomatoes or result in fruit contamination. The results contribute to understanding the risks associated with herbicide drift and its impact on sensitive crops like tomatoes.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135355054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia da Conceição Silva, Débora Francine Gomes Silva Pereira, Maria Josiane Martins, Isabela Oliveira Santos, Isabelle Carolyne Cardoso Batista, Renato Martins Alves, Sindy Natany Martins Barbosa, Gisele Martins Pereira, Débora Souza Mendes, Josiane Cantuária Figueiredo, Natan Cantuária Nunes, Wander Guilherme da Silva Leles, Polyana Danyelle dos Santos Silva, Louíza Lourranne Mendes Pereira, Lorena Gracielly de Almeida Souza, Helena Souza Nascimento Santos, Irisléia Pereira Soares de Sousa, Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro, Andréia Marcia Santos de Souza David, Gevaldo Barbosa de Oliveira, Sabrina Gonçalves Vieira de Castro, Taylor Johnny Patricio Silva, Caik Marques Batista, Matheus Pinheiro Fonseca, Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo, Laila Kristina Lopes Mendes, Fábio Cantuária Ribeiro, Flávio Cantuária Ribeiro, Paulo Cesar Mendes
The objective of this work was to characterize and analyze the marketers who market their products at the Janaúba free trade fairs regarding the socioeconomic profile, business management, marketed products and difficulties in marketing. The research was descriptive. The data were collected by means of field survey in the main points where the free fairs in the municipality of Janaúba occur. The obtained data were analyzed through the distribution of frequencies and tables. Farmers are mostly family farmers who do not receive any kind of technical assistance or training to run the crop. They apply their own resources to cover the expenses and investments in production, having as a limiting factor the expansion of the business. Most do not control profitability, and of the percentage that does, only 7% use spreadsheet, do not have financial reserves in case of unforeseen occurrences. The values of the products marketed are almost always uncertain, since 81% of the marketers say that prices are negotiable. The main products marketed are fruits and vegetables, not being processed. Among the difficulties pointed out by the fairgrounds for the execution of the activity are the production costs. Regarding the structure of the Municipal Market, the main negative points were the lack of assistance (32%) and the lack of cleanliness (31%). The main improvement point was the availability of drinking water and the construction of bathrooms.
{"title":"Characterization and Analysis of Fair Sellers in the Municipality of Janaúba in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil","authors":"Patricia da Conceição Silva, Débora Francine Gomes Silva Pereira, Maria Josiane Martins, Isabela Oliveira Santos, Isabelle Carolyne Cardoso Batista, Renato Martins Alves, Sindy Natany Martins Barbosa, Gisele Martins Pereira, Débora Souza Mendes, Josiane Cantuária Figueiredo, Natan Cantuária Nunes, Wander Guilherme da Silva Leles, Polyana Danyelle dos Santos Silva, Louíza Lourranne Mendes Pereira, Lorena Gracielly de Almeida Souza, Helena Souza Nascimento Santos, Irisléia Pereira Soares de Sousa, Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro, Andréia Marcia Santos de Souza David, Gevaldo Barbosa de Oliveira, Sabrina Gonçalves Vieira de Castro, Taylor Johnny Patricio Silva, Caik Marques Batista, Matheus Pinheiro Fonseca, Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo, Laila Kristina Lopes Mendes, Fábio Cantuária Ribeiro, Flávio Cantuária Ribeiro, Paulo Cesar Mendes","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n10p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n10p31","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to characterize and analyze the marketers who market their products at the Janaúba free trade fairs regarding the socioeconomic profile, business management, marketed products and difficulties in marketing. The research was descriptive. The data were collected by means of field survey in the main points where the free fairs in the municipality of Janaúba occur. The obtained data were analyzed through the distribution of frequencies and tables. Farmers are mostly family farmers who do not receive any kind of technical assistance or training to run the crop. They apply their own resources to cover the expenses and investments in production, having as a limiting factor the expansion of the business. Most do not control profitability, and of the percentage that does, only 7% use spreadsheet, do not have financial reserves in case of unforeseen occurrences. The values of the products marketed are almost always uncertain, since 81% of the marketers say that prices are negotiable. The main products marketed are fruits and vegetables, not being processed. Among the difficulties pointed out by the fairgrounds for the execution of the activity are the production costs. Regarding the structure of the Municipal Market, the main negative points were the lack of assistance (32%) and the lack of cleanliness (31%). The main improvement point was the availability of drinking water and the construction of bathrooms.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135355056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovani Greigh de Brito, Angela Diniz Campos, Carlos Lásaro Pereira de Melo, Paulo Fernando Bertagnoli, Elsa Kuhn Klumb, Fabiane Grecco da Silva Porto, Ariano Martins de Magalhães Jr, Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes, José Maria Barbat Parfitt, Giovani Theisen, Cley Donizeti Martins Nunes
Climate change has negatively affected agriculture worldwide, including soybean production. Studies have shown that rising temperatures and extreme weather events like droughts and floods significantly reduce soybean yields. Developing flood-tolerant soybean genotypes is crucial for ensuring food security. Conventional breeding programs are limited by laborious and imprecise visual rating methods for flooding tolerance identification. High-throughput platforms for plant phenotyping using imaging techniques offer potential solutions, but they lack information on underlying physiological mechanisms. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a molecular adaptation in photosynthesis that dissipates excess light energy, protecting plants from damage. This study aimed to integrate NPQ measurements into high-throughput phenotyping procedures to identify flooding-tolerant soybean genotypes. The study evaluated 160 soybean genotypes for flooding tolerance, identifying those with higher grain yield potential. Subsequently, ten genotypes were selected for monitoring NPQ responses under flooded conditions. Results showed that genotypes with higher grain yields also exhibited superior NPQ performance, suggesting a positive correlation between flooding tolerance and energy dissipation capacity. Among these genotypes, 58I60 RSF IPRO, 64HO130 I2X and BRS 525 displayed superior potential and could be further exploited in breeding efforts, considering their grain yield capacity, plant leaf area, and photoprotective capacity under flooding conditions. These findings suggest that integrating NPQ measurements into high-throughput phenotyping platforms can aid in identifying flood-tolerant soybean genotypes for breeding programs, leading to more resilient crops in the face of climate change. Further field studies are warranted to validate these hypotheses and improve crop models for future climate scenarios.
{"title":"Integrating Non-photochemical Quenching (NPQ) Measurements for Identifying Flood-Tolerant Soybean Genotypes in the Era of Climate Change","authors":"Giovani Greigh de Brito, Angela Diniz Campos, Carlos Lásaro Pereira de Melo, Paulo Fernando Bertagnoli, Elsa Kuhn Klumb, Fabiane Grecco da Silva Porto, Ariano Martins de Magalhães Jr, Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes, José Maria Barbat Parfitt, Giovani Theisen, Cley Donizeti Martins Nunes","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n10p39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n10p39","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has negatively affected agriculture worldwide, including soybean production. Studies have shown that rising temperatures and extreme weather events like droughts and floods significantly reduce soybean yields. Developing flood-tolerant soybean genotypes is crucial for ensuring food security. Conventional breeding programs are limited by laborious and imprecise visual rating methods for flooding tolerance identification. High-throughput platforms for plant phenotyping using imaging techniques offer potential solutions, but they lack information on underlying physiological mechanisms. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a molecular adaptation in photosynthesis that dissipates excess light energy, protecting plants from damage. This study aimed to integrate NPQ measurements into high-throughput phenotyping procedures to identify flooding-tolerant soybean genotypes. The study evaluated 160 soybean genotypes for flooding tolerance, identifying those with higher grain yield potential. Subsequently, ten genotypes were selected for monitoring NPQ responses under flooded conditions. Results showed that genotypes with higher grain yields also exhibited superior NPQ performance, suggesting a positive correlation between flooding tolerance and energy dissipation capacity. Among these genotypes, 58I60 RSF IPRO, 64HO130 I2X and BRS 525 displayed superior potential and could be further exploited in breeding efforts, considering their grain yield capacity, plant leaf area, and photoprotective capacity under flooding conditions. These findings suggest that integrating NPQ measurements into high-throughput phenotyping platforms can aid in identifying flood-tolerant soybean genotypes for breeding programs, leading to more resilient crops in the face of climate change. Further field studies are warranted to validate these hypotheses and improve crop models for future climate scenarios.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135355052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Márcio Adriano Santos, Silvia Nietsche, Wagner Ferreira da Mota, José Augusto dos Santos Neto, Gleika Larisse Oliveira Dorasio de Souza, Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira, Adelica Aparecida Xavier, Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro, Maria Josiane Martins, Mônica Romana Martins, Isabela Oliveira Santos, Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo, Irisléia Pereira Soares de Sousa, Lívian Patrícia da Silva Santos, Natan Cantuária Nunes, Taylor Johnny Patricio Silva, Débora Souza Mendes, Zenóbia Cardoso dos Santos, Josiane Cantuária Figueiredo, Janderson Raony Verissimo, Renato Martins Alves, Gevaldo Barbosa de Oliveira, Helena Souza Nascimento Santos, Eliene Almeida Paraizo, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo de Souza Nogueira, Fábio Cantuária Ribeiro, Flávio Cantuária Ribeiro, Laila Kristina Lopes Mendes
Endophytic bacteria can promote growth and improve the quality of plant production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation of a mix of non-host endophytic bacteria isolates in the nutrition of tomato fruits cultivated, fertilized with rock powder and different doses of nitrogen. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial arrangement (2 × 6 + 3), with four replications. The treatments consisted of two methods of inoculation of the mix of endophytic bacteria: seed microbiolization and post-emergence inoculation; six doses of nitrogen fertilization: 0, 129, 258, 387, 516 and 645 kg ha-1; and 3 controls (without inoculation of the bacterial mix). The average export of macro and micronutrients in tomato fruits was, in descending order: K > N > P > Ca > Mg > S (averages of 1.33; 0.46; 0.07; 0.06; 0.05 and 0.05 g plant-1, respectively) and Mn > Cu > Fe > Zn (means of 2.67; 1.98; 1.71 and 0.79 mg plant-1, respectively). The inoculation method by seed microbiolization associated with nitrogen doses promoted significant increment in the dry mass of the fruits and in the content of the nutrients P, Ca, Zn, Fe and Mn.
内生细菌能促进植物生长，提高产品品质。本研究的目的是评价非寄主内生细菌分离物混合接种对栽培番茄果实营养的影响，岩石粉和不同剂量的氮施肥。实验设计采用随机分组，阶乘排列(2 ×6 + 3)，重复4次。处理包括两种内生菌混合接种方法:种子微生物化和羽化后接种;6个施氮剂量:0、129、258、387、516和645 kg hm -1;对照组3个(不接种混合菌)。番茄果实中宏量营养素和微量营养素的平均出口量由高到低依次为:K >N和gt;P和gt;Ca和gt;毫克,gt;S(平均值1.33;0.46;0.07;0.06;分别为0.05和0.05 g plant-1)和Mn >铜和gt;铁和gt;Zn(均值2.67;1.98;分别为1.71和0.79 mg plant-1)。与施氮量相关的种子微生物接种方式显著提高了果实干质量和磷、钙、锌、铁、锰等营养物质的含量。
{"title":"Seed Microbiolization Associate With Nitrogen Doses Increase the Nutrition of Tomato Fruits","authors":"Márcio Adriano Santos, Silvia Nietsche, Wagner Ferreira da Mota, José Augusto dos Santos Neto, Gleika Larisse Oliveira Dorasio de Souza, Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira, Adelica Aparecida Xavier, Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro, Maria Josiane Martins, Mônica Romana Martins, Isabela Oliveira Santos, Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo, Irisléia Pereira Soares de Sousa, Lívian Patrícia da Silva Santos, Natan Cantuária Nunes, Taylor Johnny Patricio Silva, Débora Souza Mendes, Zenóbia Cardoso dos Santos, Josiane Cantuária Figueiredo, Janderson Raony Verissimo, Renato Martins Alves, Gevaldo Barbosa de Oliveira, Helena Souza Nascimento Santos, Eliene Almeida Paraizo, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo de Souza Nogueira, Fábio Cantuária Ribeiro, Flávio Cantuária Ribeiro, Laila Kristina Lopes Mendes","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n10p20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n10p20","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic bacteria can promote growth and improve the quality of plant production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation of a mix of non-host endophytic bacteria isolates in the nutrition of tomato fruits cultivated, fertilized with rock powder and different doses of nitrogen. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial arrangement (2 × 6 + 3), with four replications. The treatments consisted of two methods of inoculation of the mix of endophytic bacteria: seed microbiolization and post-emergence inoculation; six doses of nitrogen fertilization: 0, 129, 258, 387, 516 and 645 kg ha-1; and 3 controls (without inoculation of the bacterial mix). The average export of macro and micronutrients in tomato fruits was, in descending order: K > N > P > Ca > Mg > S (averages of 1.33; 0.46; 0.07; 0.06; 0.05 and 0.05 g plant-1, respectively) and Mn > Cu > Fe > Zn (means of 2.67; 1.98; 1.71 and 0.79 mg plant-1, respectively). The inoculation method by seed microbiolization associated with nitrogen doses promoted significant increment in the dry mass of the fruits and in the content of the nutrients P, Ca, Zn, Fe and Mn.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135355053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. T. Zutah, S. A. Avaala, K. B. Ofori, B. K. Adevu, G. Y. Assan, Daniel Akowuah
An Adjuvant is an additive chemical that is known to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides like herbicides by helping to improve the absorption of the herbicides by weeds and may eventually help to reduce the dosage of the herbicides used. In the current trial, the adjuvant (Rizospray Extremo) was applied at 3 rates, i.e., 73 ml/ha, 109 ml/ha and 145 ml/ha. The herbicide mixtures used for the trial were glyphosate (glyphader) and triclopyr (garlon) mixtures at 436 ml/ha and 182 ml/ha respectively (60 mls glyphosate + garlon at 25 mls mixed in 15 litres of water). The herbicide control was glyphosate at 436 ml/ha + garlon at 182 ml/ha (with no adjuvant) whiles one plot was used as the no herbicide control. Weeds on the site include both soft weeds and woodies. Observations on weed mortality were made on weekly basis. Generally, herbicide application (with and without the adjuvant) effectively controlled the soft weeds at the site. Percentage weed growth reduction and herbicide efficacies generally increased with increasing rates of the adjuvant. Highest herbicide efficacy of 96% was obtained by the use of the adjuvant at 145 ml/ha. The treatments differed significantly mostly in their levels of control of the woody weeds at the site with adjuvant application at 145 ml/ha inducing the highest control of woody weeds (herbicide efficacy of 95.7%), whiles Adjuvant application at 73 ml/ha induced an efficacy of 88.91% on the woodies at the site. Glyphosate plus garlon application (without the use of adjuvant) induced an efficacy of 78.39%. The adjuvant was very effective in controlling weeds with waxy cuticles like the Thaumatococcus spp which were not effectively controlled without the use of theand adjuvant. The adjuvant (Rizospray Extremo) is therefore recommended for use in herbicide mixtures for spot spraying of woodies or noxious weeds at the site.
{"title":"Effect of Demeter Adjuvant (Rizospray Extremo) in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Herbicide Mixtures for Effective Weed Control in a Matured Oil Palm Plantation in Western Ghana","authors":"V. T. Zutah, S. A. Avaala, K. B. Ofori, B. K. Adevu, G. Y. Assan, Daniel Akowuah","doi":"10.5539/jas.v15n10p58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n10p58","url":null,"abstract":"An Adjuvant is an additive chemical that is known to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides like herbicides by helping to improve the absorption of the herbicides by weeds and may eventually help to reduce the dosage of the herbicides used. In the current trial, the adjuvant (Rizospray Extremo) was applied at 3 rates, i.e., 73 ml/ha, 109 ml/ha and 145 ml/ha. The herbicide mixtures used for the trial were glyphosate (glyphader) and triclopyr (garlon) mixtures at 436 ml/ha and 182 ml/ha respectively (60 mls glyphosate + garlon at 25 mls mixed in 15 litres of water). The herbicide control was glyphosate at 436 ml/ha + garlon at 182 ml/ha (with no adjuvant) whiles one plot was used as the no herbicide control. Weeds on the site include both soft weeds and woodies. Observations on weed mortality were made on weekly basis. Generally, herbicide application (with and without the adjuvant) effectively controlled the soft weeds at the site. Percentage weed growth reduction and herbicide efficacies generally increased with increasing rates of the adjuvant. Highest herbicide efficacy of 96% was obtained by the use of the adjuvant at 145 ml/ha. The treatments differed significantly mostly in their levels of control of the woody weeds at the site with adjuvant application at 145 ml/ha inducing the highest control of woody weeds (herbicide efficacy of 95.7%), whiles Adjuvant application at 73 ml/ha induced an efficacy of 88.91% on the woodies at the site. Glyphosate plus garlon application (without the use of adjuvant) induced an efficacy of 78.39%. The adjuvant was very effective in controlling weeds with waxy cuticles like the Thaumatococcus spp which were not effectively controlled without the use of theand adjuvant. The adjuvant (Rizospray Extremo) is therefore recommended for use in herbicide mixtures for spot spraying of woodies or noxious weeds at the site.","PeriodicalId":14884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135355058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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