Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4616
Jibrin Usman Danjuma, Bello Abubakar
Aim: To determine the bi-caudate index (BCI) of Nigerians using computerized tomography from Sokoto North-Western Nigeria. Study Design: Retrospective cross- sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto and Department of Radiology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, between January, 2020 and January, 2022. Methodology: CT scans of 186 apparently healthy normal individuals of age group 1 to 70 years were taken and the subjects were categorized into age intervals of 10 years; males and females taken separately. The linear measurements of caudate and brain were taken directly from the screen. The Bi Caudate Index were calculated. The mean values in each group were compared with age and sex, using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The least BCI in male was 6.0mm and was seen in the age group 1-10 years while in female the least BCI was 5.0mm, seen in the age group 1-10. The largest BCI in male was 21mm, observed in the age group 61-70years, while the largest BCI in female 19.0mm, seen in the age group 61-70 years. Conclusion: Bi Caudate Index shows positive correlation with age.
{"title":"Morphometric Assessment of Bi-caudate Index Using Computerized Tomographic Scan from Sokoto North-Western Nigeria","authors":"Jibrin Usman Danjuma, Bello Abubakar","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4616","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the bi-caudate index (BCI) of Nigerians using computerized tomography from Sokoto North-Western Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Retrospective cross- sectional. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto and Department of Radiology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, between January, 2020 and January, 2022. \u0000Methodology: CT scans of 186 apparently healthy normal individuals of age group 1 to 70 years were taken and the subjects were categorized into age intervals of 10 years; males and females taken separately. The linear measurements of caudate and brain were taken directly from the screen. The Bi Caudate Index were calculated. The mean values in each group were compared with age and sex, using appropriate statistical tests. \u0000Results: The least BCI in male was 6.0mm and was seen in the age group 1-10 years while in female the least BCI was 5.0mm, seen in the age group 1-10. The largest BCI in male was 21mm, observed in the age group 61-70years, while the largest BCI in female 19.0mm, seen in the age group 61-70 years. \u0000Conclusion: Bi Caudate Index shows positive correlation with age.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73696192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5615
Jibrin Usman Danjuma, Bello Abubakar
Aim: To determine the normal brain ventricular system index of Nigerians using computerized tomography in Sokoto North-Western Nigeria. Study Design: Retrospective cross- sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto and Department of Radiology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, between January, 2020 and January, 2022. Methodology: One hundred and seventy-eight normal brain CT scans of subjects from the Radiology Department, whose ages ranged from 1 to 70 years, were recruited for this study. The Bi-frontal and Bi-occipital indices were calculated as ratios of measured distances of the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles and the transverse intracranial diameter, at the same level, respectively. The brain ventricular system index was then determined by a ratio of the Bi-frontal index and Bi-occipital index. Results: The largest brain ventricular system indexes were 7.83cm and 7.68cm in males and females respectively and these were observed between the age of 2-4years for both sexes. While, the smallest brain ventricular system indexes were 7.47cm in males and 7.29cm in females, which were observed in age group 61-70years for both sexes. Conclusion: This study was conducted to determine the Ventricular Brain System Index and it relation with sex and age in our environment.
{"title":"Cephalometric Assessment of the Brain Ventricular System Index Using Computerised Tomography in Sokoto North-Western, Nigeria","authors":"Jibrin Usman Danjuma, Bello Abubakar","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5615","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the normal brain ventricular system index of Nigerians using computerized tomography in Sokoto North-Western Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Retrospective cross- sectional. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto and Department of Radiology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, between January, 2020 and January, 2022. \u0000Methodology: One hundred and seventy-eight normal brain CT scans of subjects from the Radiology Department, whose ages ranged from 1 to 70 years, were recruited for this study. \u0000The Bi-frontal and Bi-occipital indices were calculated as ratios of measured distances of the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles and the transverse intracranial diameter, at the same level, respectively. The brain ventricular system index was then determined by a ratio of the Bi-frontal index and Bi-occipital index. \u0000Results: The largest brain ventricular system indexes were 7.83cm and 7.68cm in males and females respectively and these were observed between the age of 2-4years for both sexes. While, the smallest brain ventricular system indexes were 7.47cm in males and 7.29cm in females, which were observed in age group 61-70years for both sexes. \u0000Conclusion: This study was conducted to determine the Ventricular Brain System Index and it relation with sex and age in our environment.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77475023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4614
Isomah Chiladi J., Tattfeng Y. Mirabeau, A. O., Mbata C. A., B. Robert
Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella is an increasing problem and has become a public health issue worldwide. Moreover the evidences on hazard of therapeutic failure due to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance among typhoidal antibodies and malaria are on the increase. This study was aimed at the genetic profiling of pathogens associated with Pyroxia of unknown origin treated for Plasmodiasis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total of 1200 samples (200 Stool and 1000 blood) were collected from consented subjects in Federal Medical Center and Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Blood samples were used for detection of Malaria parasites and Typhoidal antibodies while the stool samples were used for culturing on Salmonella-Shigella Agar. Antibiotic sensitivity of the pure isolates were carried out using sensitivity disc, biochemical analysis using API 20E was carried out to actually differentiate bacterial from each isolates and finally by genetic profiling of the resistant genes of the pure isolates using polymerase chain reaction. Antibiogram of the isolates showed high resistance to Oxacillin (73.6 %), Ampicillin (66.6%), Tetracycline (60.0%), and Erythromycin (53.3%) while Gentamycin, 22(73.3%), Chloramphenicol 18(60%) and Azithromycin 18(60%) had the highest sensitivity. The distribution of resistant genes from the genetic profiling showed that out of 20 amplified isolates, NDM resistant genes were 17(85%) followed by Bla TEM genes 14(70%) followed by CTXM and SHV genes as 11(55%) and 10(50%) respectively. The bacterial isolates showed high AMR and MDR to the commonly used antimicrobial drugs and the distribution of ESBL genes revealed a high level of resistant genes in Bayelsa State.
{"title":"Genetic Profiling of Pathogens Associated with Pyroxia of Unknown Origin Treated for Plasmodiasis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"Isomah Chiladi J., Tattfeng Y. Mirabeau, A. O., Mbata C. A., B. Robert","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4614","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella is an increasing problem and has become a public health issue worldwide. Moreover the evidences on hazard of therapeutic failure due to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance among typhoidal antibodies and malaria are on the increase. This study was aimed at the genetic profiling of pathogens associated with Pyroxia of unknown origin treated for Plasmodiasis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total of 1200 samples (200 Stool and 1000 blood) were collected from consented subjects in Federal Medical Center and Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Blood samples were used for detection of Malaria parasites and Typhoidal antibodies while the stool samples were used for culturing on Salmonella-Shigella Agar. Antibiotic sensitivity of the pure isolates were carried out using sensitivity disc, biochemical analysis using API 20E was carried out to actually differentiate bacterial from each isolates and finally by genetic profiling of the resistant genes of the pure isolates using polymerase chain reaction. Antibiogram of the isolates showed high resistance to Oxacillin (73.6 %), Ampicillin (66.6%), Tetracycline (60.0%), and Erythromycin (53.3%) while Gentamycin, 22(73.3%), Chloramphenicol 18(60%) and Azithromycin 18(60%) had the highest sensitivity. The distribution of resistant genes from the genetic profiling showed that out of 20 amplified isolates, NDM resistant genes were 17(85%) followed by Bla TEM genes 14(70%) followed by CTXM and SHV genes as 11(55%) and 10(50%) respectively. The bacterial isolates showed high AMR and MDR to the commonly used antimicrobial drugs and the distribution of ESBL genes revealed a high level of resistant genes in Bayelsa State.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85133418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4613
O. Ogbu, Zabbey Victor Zigabelbari, Cookey Data
Aim: The current study investigated the anti-oxidant effects of vitamins on lead-induced reproductive toxicity in male wistar rats. Study Design: A total of 48 male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups of 8 rats per group were used in this study. Group 1 served as the positive control and was given normal animal feed and water ad libitum. Group 2 was the negative control and was administered 10mg/kg body weight of lead acetate (Pb) only, Group 3 was administered with 200mg/kg body weight of vitamin C only, Group 4 was given 1000IU/kg body weight of vitamin E only, Group 5 was given 10mg/kg body weight of lead and 200mg/kg body weight of vitamin C while Group 6 was given 10mg/kg body weight of lead and 1000IU/kg body weight of vitamin E. The administration of the test substances lasted for 4 weeks after which the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and assayed for reproductive hormones. Semen was also extracted from the testis for the assay of sperm parameters while the testis and epididymis were harvested for histological analyses. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Human Physiology of University of Port Harcourt and it lasted for a period of 6 months. Results: The results showed that lead significantly decreases the concentration of the reproductive hormones, decreases the sperm parameters and destroys the histological architecture of the testis and epididymis. The antioxidants were found to ameliorate the damages done by lead on the reproduction hormones, sperm parameters and the histology of the testis and epididymis. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that the anti-oxidants may be used as suitable substitutes to chelating agents in ameliorating lead-induced toxicity on the reproductive function of male wistar rats.
{"title":"The Anti-Oxidant Effects of Vitamins on Lead-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"O. Ogbu, Zabbey Victor Zigabelbari, Cookey Data","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4613","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The current study investigated the anti-oxidant effects of vitamins on lead-induced reproductive toxicity in male wistar rats. \u0000Study Design: A total of 48 male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups of 8 rats per group were used in this study. Group 1 served as the positive control and was given normal animal feed and water ad libitum. Group 2 was the negative control and was administered 10mg/kg body weight of lead acetate (Pb) only, Group 3 was administered with 200mg/kg body weight of vitamin C only, Group 4 was given 1000IU/kg body weight of vitamin E only, Group 5 was given 10mg/kg body weight of lead and 200mg/kg body weight of vitamin C while Group 6 was given 10mg/kg body weight of lead and 1000IU/kg body weight of vitamin E. The administration of the test substances lasted for 4 weeks after which the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and assayed for reproductive hormones. Semen was also extracted from the testis for the assay of sperm parameters while the testis and epididymis were harvested for histological analyses. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Human Physiology of University of Port Harcourt and it lasted for a period of 6 months. \u0000Results: The results showed that lead significantly decreases the concentration of the reproductive hormones, decreases the sperm parameters and destroys the histological architecture of the testis and epididymis. The antioxidants were found to ameliorate the damages done by lead on the reproduction hormones, sperm parameters and the histology of the testis and epididymis. \u0000Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that the anti-oxidants may be used as suitable substitutes to chelating agents in ameliorating lead-induced toxicity on the reproductive function of male wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"333 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73893737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4612
H. K. Subrahmanyam
Given the present financial climate, increased spending on the healthcare by the system has become a challenge leaving it embroiled in a state of disarray. With this background, clinician’s decision-making ability comes with having the knowledge of the economic framework in order to provide the best care for our patients. Health economics (HE) thus has become an emerging discipline which is an essential armamentarium for today’s clinician. In this paper, we look at the essentials of the economics as well as the internal and external shocks that has influenced the services. We also discuss the economic evaluation parameters which is essential for planning the future of the services thus highlighting the importance of HE with a strong argument to be incorporated into the medical curriculum in future.
{"title":"Health Economics- An Essential Armamentarium to the Present Day Clinician","authors":"H. K. Subrahmanyam","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4612","url":null,"abstract":"Given the present financial climate, increased spending on the healthcare by the system has become a challenge leaving it embroiled in a state of disarray. With this background, clinician’s decision-making ability comes with having the knowledge of the economic framework in order to provide the best care for our patients. Health economics (HE) thus has become an emerging discipline which is an essential armamentarium for today’s clinician. In this paper, we look at the essentials of the economics as well as the internal and external shocks that has influenced the services. We also discuss the economic evaluation parameters which is essential for planning the future of the services thus highlighting the importance of HE with a strong argument to be incorporated into the medical curriculum in future.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82087805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4611
I. Osho, I. A. Adebayo, O. Elekofehinti, C. Durojaye
Aims: Trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases of Sub-Saharan Africa caused by the numerous species and sub-species of the protozoan genus Trypanosoma. Soursop, also known as Annona muricata (Annonaceae), is a prevalent tropical plant species renowned for its numerous medicinal properties, including the treatment of protozoan infections. The fundamental mechanism of anti-trypanosomal effects of A. muricata was investigated using ornithine decarboxylase and HSP-90, which are validated potential drug targets. Place and Duration of Study: Animal Parasitology and Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, between March and October 2022. Methodology: The interaction of compounds previously characterized from A. muricata was investigated against Ornithine decarboxylase and HSP-90 genes of Trypanosoma brucei brucei using Autodock Vina. Results: Based on their binding affinity and binding free energy, eight compounds (rutin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, annomuricinA, murihexocin B, muricatocin A, acetogenin, asimilobine, and gigantetrocin A) out of the 160 compounds screened were found to be effective against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The hit molecules were further screened for ADME profiles. Acetogenin and asimilobine were considered the ideal drug candidates because they showed moderation for ADME properties and obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five. Conclusion: This study confirmed the use of Annona muricata in the treatment of trypanosomosis and the probable compounds responsible for its antitrypanosomal effect are acetogenin and asimilobine which acts at the HSP-90 genes of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei.
{"title":"In silico Study of Ornithine Decarboxylase and HSP-90 Gene in the Anti-trypanosomal Activities of Annona muricata Annonaceae","authors":"I. Osho, I. A. Adebayo, O. Elekofehinti, C. Durojaye","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4611","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases of Sub-Saharan Africa caused by the numerous species and sub-species of the protozoan genus Trypanosoma. Soursop, also known as Annona muricata (Annonaceae), is a prevalent tropical plant species renowned for its numerous medicinal properties, including the treatment of protozoan infections. The fundamental mechanism of anti-trypanosomal effects of A. muricata was investigated using ornithine decarboxylase and HSP-90, which are validated potential drug targets. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Animal Parasitology and Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, between March and October 2022. \u0000Methodology: The interaction of compounds previously characterized from A. muricata was investigated against Ornithine decarboxylase and HSP-90 genes of Trypanosoma brucei brucei using Autodock Vina. \u0000Results: Based on their binding affinity and binding free energy, eight compounds (rutin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, annomuricinA, murihexocin B, muricatocin A, acetogenin, asimilobine, and gigantetrocin A) out of the 160 compounds screened were found to be effective against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The hit molecules were further screened for ADME profiles. Acetogenin and asimilobine were considered the ideal drug candidates because they showed moderation for ADME properties and obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five. \u0000Conclusion: This study confirmed the use of Annona muricata in the treatment of trypanosomosis and the probable compounds responsible for its antitrypanosomal effect are acetogenin and asimilobine which acts at the HSP-90 genes of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90069073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4610
Samuel Chijioke Ofili, S. C. Okenwa, C. Iyi, Chika Augusta Ekweozor, Princess Chidiebube Uwaezuoke, Ifeoma Joy Onuzulike, Somtochukwu Maria-regina Nwajiobi, W. J. Igbokwe, Chinaza Linda Odo
Objective: Pharmaceutical Care (PC) services have come to be the cornerstone of pharmacy practice all over the world. PC has been linked to better clinical and humanistic outcomes for patients. In Nigeria, only a few studies have analyzed pharmacists' pharmaceutical care services in hospitals. This study aims to ascertain patients' satisfaction with pharmaceutical care services and evaluate pharmacists' practices in Nigerian hospitals. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire among inpatients and outpatients visiting five clinics in the hospital. The questionnaire was interviewer-administered. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between respondents' sociodemographic variables and their satisfaction towards pharmacists' medication counselling. Results: Five hundred and three patients participated in the study. Females that participated in the study formed 58.6% of the total population. Approximately 71.4% of the respondents were satisfied with the pharmaceutical care services provided by pharmacists in the hospital. Most participants (70.8%) completed tertiary education, and the majority (63.4%) of the visits were follow-ups. There was no statistically significant correlation between the sociodemographic factors and patients' satisfaction, except for age and patronage, which showed a positive association. Conclusion: Patients at the University of Nigeria teaching hospital were satisfied with the pharmaceutical care services offered by the pharmacists. However, some of the respondents noted some level of dissatisfaction with the willingness of pharmacists to re-counsel patients upon request. An effective policy and strategy would address the issue and raise satisfaction.
{"title":"Assessment of Patients' Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Care Services in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Samuel Chijioke Ofili, S. C. Okenwa, C. Iyi, Chika Augusta Ekweozor, Princess Chidiebube Uwaezuoke, Ifeoma Joy Onuzulike, Somtochukwu Maria-regina Nwajiobi, W. J. Igbokwe, Chinaza Linda Odo","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i4610","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Pharmaceutical Care (PC) services have come to be the cornerstone of pharmacy practice all over the world. PC has been linked to better clinical and humanistic outcomes for patients. In Nigeria, only a few studies have analyzed pharmacists' pharmaceutical care services in hospitals. This study aims to ascertain patients' satisfaction with pharmaceutical care services and evaluate pharmacists' practices in Nigerian hospitals. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire among inpatients and outpatients visiting five clinics in the hospital. The questionnaire was interviewer-administered. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between respondents' sociodemographic variables and their satisfaction towards pharmacists' medication counselling. \u0000Results: Five hundred and three patients participated in the study. Females that participated in the study formed 58.6% of the total population. Approximately 71.4% of the respondents were satisfied with the pharmaceutical care services provided by pharmacists in the hospital. Most participants (70.8%) completed tertiary education, and the majority (63.4%) of the visits were follow-ups. There was no statistically significant correlation between the sociodemographic factors and patients' satisfaction, except for age and patronage, which showed a positive association. \u0000Conclusion: Patients at the University of Nigeria teaching hospital were satisfied with the pharmaceutical care services offered by the pharmacists. However, some of the respondents noted some level of dissatisfaction with the willingness of pharmacists to re-counsel patients upon request. An effective policy and strategy would address the issue and raise satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75983081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3609
Adonu Cyril Chekwube, Ali Ibeabuchi Jude, Omeh Romanus Chijioke, Ujam Treasure Nonye, Okorie Ndidiamaka Hannah, Ugwu Obiora Celestine, Okonkwo Raymond Maduabuchi, Okonkwo Chidubem
Background: Different parts of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) are used in folk medicine to treat dysentery, diarrhea piles, toothache and sore gums. Evaluation of phytoconstituents or novel compounds from the plant is highly needed to authenticate these claims. Aim: The aim of the research was to conduct phytochemical analysis and antibacterial evaluations of extract and fractions of root of Anarcadium occidentale got from Agbani. Methods: The pulverized material was extracted with methanol using cold maceration method. Solvent fractions were obtained using separating funnel based on liquid-liquid extraction technique starting with non-polar to high polar solvent. The cup-plate agar diffusion was used to conduct preliminary antibacterial evaluation of the extract and fractions. Agar dilution and streaking on the solid agar techniques were used to evaluate the test extract and fractions against some selected bacteria for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) respectively. Results: The phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions showed that terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, fat and oil, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins were present. The preliminary evaluations of the agent showed promising activity by producing inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging from 10 + 0.66 to 20 + 0.98 mm. The MIC and MBC of the test extract and fractions against the test bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Salm typhi, Bacillus subtilis. Salmonella. spp and Proteus. mirabils – ranged from 0.0025-0.040 mg/mL and 0.020 – 0.080 mg/mL respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that the extract and fractions of the cashew root possess promising antimicrobial activity. This suggests that the agents may provide novel compounds for antibacterial drug development research.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Evaluation of Anarcardium occidentale Root Collected in Agbani, Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Adonu Cyril Chekwube, Ali Ibeabuchi Jude, Omeh Romanus Chijioke, Ujam Treasure Nonye, Okorie Ndidiamaka Hannah, Ugwu Obiora Celestine, Okonkwo Raymond Maduabuchi, Okonkwo Chidubem","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3609","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Different parts of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) are used in folk medicine to treat dysentery, diarrhea piles, toothache and sore gums. Evaluation of phytoconstituents or novel compounds from the plant is highly needed to authenticate these claims. \u0000Aim: The aim of the research was to conduct phytochemical analysis and antibacterial evaluations of extract and fractions of root of Anarcadium occidentale got from Agbani. \u0000Methods: The pulverized material was extracted with methanol using cold maceration method. Solvent fractions were obtained using separating funnel based on liquid-liquid extraction technique starting with non-polar to high polar solvent. The cup-plate agar diffusion was used to conduct preliminary antibacterial evaluation of the extract and fractions. Agar dilution and streaking on the solid agar techniques were used to evaluate the test extract and fractions against some selected bacteria for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) respectively. \u0000Results: The phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions showed that terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, fat and oil, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins were present. The preliminary evaluations of the agent showed promising activity by producing inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging from 10 + 0.66 to 20 + 0.98 mm. The MIC and MBC of the test extract and fractions against the test bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Salm typhi, Bacillus subtilis. Salmonella. spp and Proteus. mirabils – ranged from 0.0025-0.040 mg/mL and 0.020 – 0.080 mg/mL respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Our study showed that the extract and fractions of the cashew root possess promising antimicrobial activity. This suggests that the agents may provide novel compounds for antibacterial drug development research.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74144039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-20DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3608
Adebayo Adegoke, Ben Sandy Odeghe, I. George-Opuda, A. Awopeju, K. N. Elechi-amadi, Emmanuella Chidiebere-Onwukwe
Background and Aim: This study evaluated brain antioxidants of locally formulated herbal antimalarial therapy, dry plantain leaf extract (Musa paradisiaca) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Experimental Procedure: Five groups of ten mice each namely control, P. berghei, artesunate, P. berghei infected mice using curative, suppressive and prophylactic models were orally administered with 250 and 1000mg/kg leaf extract of Musa paradisiaca. On the 10th day, the mice were sacrificed and blood samples collected for Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione (Glut) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) estimation by standard method. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results and Conclusion: Catalase (µ/L) was 18.44±1.31, 9.65±0.16, 11.64±1.68, 12.83±0.43, 12.39±0.67, 12.80± 2.20, 9.90± 0.30, 11.54± 0.30, 15.59±0.86, 12.91± 0.33 and 12.0± 0.30, GPX(µ/L) was 63.58±0.62, 19.13±2.4, 42.24±7.15, 17.62±12.70, 55.27±0.50, 42.24±7.15, 17.62±12.70, 55.27±0.50, 37.8±5.20, 39.40± 0.30 and 34.50± 0.50, Glut(µ/m) was 1.05±0.35, 0.61±0.59, 0.67±0.53, 0.74±0.46, 0.94±0.18, 0.67±0.53, 0.74±0.46, 0.94±0.18, 0.74± 0.18, 0.68± 0.40 and 0.81± 0.30 while MDA(µ/m) was 47.9±0.45, 11.2±0.8, 6.4±0.2, 6.0±0.10, 8.30±0.40, 6.4±0.2, 6.0±0.10, 8.3±0.4, 6.10± 0.50, 6.00±0.10 and 5.90± 0.00 in control, P bergei, Artesunate, 250mg, 1000mg, Artesunate, 250mg, 1000mg, Artesunate, 250 mg and 1000 mg curative, Suppressive and prophylactic doses respectively. Results showed Musa paradisiaca leaf extract protects brain of Plasmodium berghei infected mice from free radicals.
背景与目的:本研究评价了当地配制的草药抗疟疗法，干车前草叶提取物(Musa paradisiaca)对伯氏疟原虫感染小鼠的脑抗氧化作用。实验方法:采用治疗模型、抑制模型和预防模型，每组10只小鼠分别口服天麻叶提取物250和1000mg/kg，分别为对照组、柏氏螺旋体、青蒿琥酯和柏氏螺旋体感染小鼠。第10天处死小鼠，采集血样，用标准方法测定过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、谷胱甘肽(Glut)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。数据分析采用SPSS version 21。结果与结论:过氧化氢酶(µ/ L)为18.44±1.31、9.65±0.16、11.64±1.68、12.83±0.43、12.39±0.67、12.80±2.20、9.90±0.30、11.54±0.30、15.59±0.86、12.91±0.33、12.0±0.30、GPX(µ/ L)为63.58±0.62、19.13±2.4、42.24±7.15、17.62±12.70、55.27±0.50、42.24±7.15、17.62±12.70、55.27±0.50、37.8±5.20、39.40±0.30、34.50±0.50、过剩(µ/ m)为1.05±0.35、0.61±0.59、0.67±0.53、0.74±0.46、0.94±0.18、0.67±0.53、0.74±0.46、0.94±0.18、0.74±0.18、0.68±0.40,0.81±0.30,而MDA(µ/ m)为47.9±0.45,11.2±0.8,6.4±0.2,对照组分别为6.0±0.10、8.30±0.40、6.4±0.2、6.0±0.10、8.3±0.4、6.10±0.50、6.00±0.10和5.90±0.00，分别为治疗剂量、抑制剂量、预防剂量、治疗剂量、治疗剂量、抑制剂量、预防剂量。结果表明，天麻叶提取物对伯氏疟原虫感染小鼠的脑组织具有保护作用。
{"title":"Assessment of Some Brain Antioxidants Profile in Plasmodium berghei berghei Infected Mice Treated with Ethanol Leaf Extract of Musa paradisiaca","authors":"Adebayo Adegoke, Ben Sandy Odeghe, I. George-Opuda, A. Awopeju, K. N. Elechi-amadi, Emmanuella Chidiebere-Onwukwe","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3608","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: This study evaluated brain antioxidants of locally formulated herbal antimalarial therapy, dry plantain leaf extract (Musa paradisiaca) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.\u0000Experimental Procedure: Five groups of ten mice each namely control, P. berghei, artesunate, P. berghei infected mice using curative, suppressive and prophylactic models were orally administered with 250 and 1000mg/kg leaf extract of Musa paradisiaca. On the 10th day, the mice were sacrificed and blood samples collected for Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione (Glut) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) estimation by standard method. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.\u0000Results and Conclusion: Catalase (µ/L) was 18.44±1.31, 9.65±0.16, 11.64±1.68, 12.83±0.43, 12.39±0.67, 12.80± 2.20, 9.90± 0.30, 11.54± 0.30, 15.59±0.86, 12.91± 0.33 and 12.0± 0.30, GPX(µ/L) was 63.58±0.62, 19.13±2.4, 42.24±7.15, 17.62±12.70, 55.27±0.50, 42.24±7.15, 17.62±12.70, 55.27±0.50, 37.8±5.20, 39.40± 0.30 and 34.50± 0.50, Glut(µ/m) was 1.05±0.35, 0.61±0.59, 0.67±0.53, 0.74±0.46, 0.94±0.18, 0.67±0.53, 0.74±0.46, 0.94±0.18, 0.74± 0.18, 0.68± 0.40 and 0.81± 0.30 while MDA(µ/m) was 47.9±0.45, 11.2±0.8, 6.4±0.2, 6.0±0.10, 8.30±0.40, 6.4±0.2, 6.0±0.10, 8.3±0.4, 6.10± 0.50, 6.00±0.10 and 5.90± 0.00 in control, P bergei, Artesunate, 250mg, 1000mg, Artesunate, 250mg, 1000mg, Artesunate, 250 mg and 1000 mg curative, Suppressive and prophylactic doses respectively. Results showed Musa paradisiaca leaf extract protects brain of Plasmodium berghei infected mice from free radicals.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74622630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3605
O. N. Majolagbe, Felicia Oguntunji, E. G. Adeyeni, Y. M. Feruke-Bello, L. Ezediuno
Aims: The need for new drug molecules is of high significance considering the rate at which pathogenic bacteria evolve into drug-resistant pathogens. Actinomycetes have been reported as valuable biological agents that possess potent bioactive molecules. This work aims to isolate local strains of actinomycetes in the environment and determine their antimicrobial activities against some clinical isolates. Study Design: This was an in-vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at the Microbial Resources Research Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria between January 2020 and December, 2021. Methodology: Phenotypic and molecular methods of identification of the isolated microorganisms were done. A secondary metabolite of the isolate was obtained. An antibiotic sensitivity test of its metabolites was performed using ten (10) clinical isolates; inhibition zones were measured and recorded for each test organism. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the probable bioactive molecules present in the metabolite. The nucleotide sequences of the isolate were translated using Phyre2 and viewed with PyMOL. Results: The isolate was identified as Streptomyces longisporoflavus. Various zones of inhibition were recorded for each of the tested pathogenic organisms. Five (5) bioactive molecules were identified in the metabolites, with butane-1,1-dibutoxy-2 (1H)-quinolone having the highest peak area. The PYMOL result shows that the protein structure has a 64% identity as a binding molecule. Conclusion: This study reveals that the local isolates of S. longisporoflavus showed promising antimicrobial potential with bioactive molecules that are potent inhibitors of pathogenic organisms.
{"title":"Synthesis and Determination of Antimicrobial Efficacies of Secondary Metabolite of Streptomyces longisporoflavus and its 3D-Protein Structural Prediction","authors":"O. N. Majolagbe, Felicia Oguntunji, E. G. Adeyeni, Y. M. Feruke-Bello, L. Ezediuno","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i3605","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The need for new drug molecules is of high significance considering the rate at which pathogenic bacteria evolve into drug-resistant pathogens. Actinomycetes have been reported as valuable biological agents that possess potent bioactive molecules. This work aims to isolate local strains of actinomycetes in the environment and determine their antimicrobial activities against some clinical isolates. \u0000Study Design: This was an in-vitro study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at the Microbial Resources Research Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Nigeria between January 2020 and December, 2021. \u0000Methodology: Phenotypic and molecular methods of identification of the isolated microorganisms were done. A secondary metabolite of the isolate was obtained. An antibiotic sensitivity test of its metabolites was performed using ten (10) clinical isolates; inhibition zones were measured and recorded for each test organism. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the probable bioactive molecules present in the metabolite. The nucleotide sequences of the isolate were translated using Phyre2 and viewed with PyMOL. \u0000Results: The isolate was identified as Streptomyces longisporoflavus. Various zones of inhibition were recorded for each of the tested pathogenic organisms. Five (5) bioactive molecules were identified in the metabolites, with butane-1,1-dibutoxy-2 (1H)-quinolone having the highest peak area. The PYMOL result shows that the protein structure has a 64% identity as a binding molecule. \u0000Conclusion: This study reveals that the local isolates of S. longisporoflavus showed promising antimicrobial potential with bioactive molecules that are potent inhibitors of pathogenic organisms.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89323284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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