Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7626
P. Patil, V. Chaware, A. Thorat, V. Redasani
The present study deals with the antiparkinson effect of Levodopa/carbidopa, Vitamin C, Tizanidine, Pregabalin on haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p) induced Parkinsonism in rats. Neural degeneration was induced in animals (Group II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII) by i.p. administration of haloperidol at 1mg/kg. Positive control (Group-III) treated by levodopa/carbidopa (125 mg/kg p.o.), Test 1 (Group -IV) treated by vitamin C (120mg/kg p.o.), Test 2 (Group-V) treated by Tizanidine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.), Test 3 (Group -VI) treated by Pregabalin (30 mg/kg p.o.), Test 4 (Group-VII) treated by Vitamin C(120 mg/kg p.o.) and Tizanidine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) and Test 5 (Group-VIII) treated by Vitamin C(120 mg/kg p.o.) and Pregabalin (30mg/kg p.o) daily were given before 30 min of haloperidol challenged for 14 days. Behavioural parameters were recorded on day 14 for high bar test, actophotometer test, rotarod test. MDA level and Dopamine level were also recorded. Test 4 (Group- VII) showed more significant reduction in cataleptic score. In actophotometer, Test 4 (Group-VII) showed significant increase in locomotor activity. In rotarod test, Test 2 (Group-V) and test 4 (Group-VII) showed more significant increase motor coordination activity. Levodopa/Carbidopa showed more significant increase in dopamine level and significantly abolished cataleptic score. Vitamin C showed more significant decrease in MDA level. It can be concluded that the tizanidine and pregabalin may possess antiparkinsonian activity. Vitamin C and tizanidine may possess synergestic effect. These results showed that tizanidine and pregabalin may be used to improve catalepsy in Parkinson disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antiparkinson Activity of Vitamin C, Tizanidine and Pregabalin against Haloperidol Induced Parkinsonism in Rats","authors":"P. Patil, V. Chaware, A. Thorat, V. Redasani","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i7626","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the antiparkinson effect of Levodopa/carbidopa, Vitamin C, Tizanidine, Pregabalin on haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p) induced Parkinsonism in rats. Neural degeneration was induced in animals (Group II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII) by i.p. administration of haloperidol at 1mg/kg. Positive control (Group-III) treated by levodopa/carbidopa (125 mg/kg p.o.), Test 1 (Group -IV) treated by vitamin C (120mg/kg p.o.), Test 2 (Group-V) treated by Tizanidine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.), Test 3 (Group -VI) treated by Pregabalin (30 mg/kg p.o.), Test 4 (Group-VII) treated by Vitamin C(120 mg/kg p.o.) and Tizanidine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) and Test 5 (Group-VIII) treated by Vitamin C(120 mg/kg p.o.) and Pregabalin (30mg/kg p.o) daily were given before 30 min of haloperidol challenged for 14 days. Behavioural parameters were recorded on day 14 for high bar test, actophotometer test, rotarod test. MDA level and Dopamine level were also recorded. Test 4 (Group- VII) showed more significant reduction in cataleptic score. In actophotometer, Test 4 (Group-VII) showed significant increase in locomotor activity. In rotarod test, Test 2 (Group-V) and test 4 (Group-VII) showed more significant increase motor coordination activity. Levodopa/Carbidopa showed more significant increase in dopamine level and significantly abolished cataleptic score. Vitamin C showed more significant decrease in MDA level. It can be concluded that the tizanidine and pregabalin may possess antiparkinsonian activity. Vitamin C and tizanidine may possess synergestic effect. These results showed that tizanidine and pregabalin may be used to improve catalepsy in Parkinson disease.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79261865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6625
Onugwu Obinna, Obi Patrick Ebele, Onugwu Adaeze Linda
Background: In general, Coccinia barteri is offered and sold in its raw form. This natural form could be adulterated, substituted, or contaminated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use pharmacognostic analyses to verify the authenticity of the leaves of the Coccinia barteri plant. Methods: The organoleptic studies were carried out through sensory organs. Histological analyses were conducted by microscopic examination of the specimen mounted on hand slides. Phytochemical screening and chemomicroscopic evaluation were also carried out using various standard methods. Results: The leaves of Coccinia barteri come in a range of forms and sizes. They are lustrous, bright, and dark green. They are also tiny and feature opposite imparipinnate compound leaves. The organoleptic evaluation showed a leafy odour and an astringent taste. Microscopic evaluation showed glandular trichomes, wavy epidermal cells, and anomocytic stomata. The leaf had anomocytic stomata and hypostomatic. with an average stomatal number, index, density, length, width and size of 13.75 ± 0.40%, 15.44 ± 0.42 mm-2, 80.88±2.82 mm-2, 29.26µm, 26.17 ± 0.4 µm and 766.38± 39.49 µm, respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, proteins, glycosides, and flavonoids, while tannins and fixed oils were not detected. Chemotaxonomic studies showed the presence of starch grains, lignified tissues, calcium oxalates, gum, and the absence of protein and oil globules. Analytical evaluation of the leaves of Coccinia barteri produced 7.00% total ash, 0.93% acid insoluble ash, 2.96% water soluble ash, 8.40% moisture content, 29.67% alcohol extractive value, 40.17% water extractive value, and 21.00% ethyl acetate extractive value. Conclusion: This study provides information on the morphology, microscopic, and phytochemical profile of the leaves of Coccinia barteri.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Leaves of Coccinia barteri Hook F (Cucurbitaceae)","authors":"Onugwu Obinna, Obi Patrick Ebele, Onugwu Adaeze Linda","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6625","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In general, Coccinia barteri is offered and sold in its raw form. This natural form could be adulterated, substituted, or contaminated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use pharmacognostic analyses to verify the authenticity of the leaves of the Coccinia barteri plant. \u0000Methods: The organoleptic studies were carried out through sensory organs. Histological analyses were conducted by microscopic examination of the specimen mounted on hand slides. Phytochemical screening and chemomicroscopic evaluation were also carried out using various standard methods. \u0000Results: The leaves of Coccinia barteri come in a range of forms and sizes. They are lustrous, bright, and dark green. They are also tiny and feature opposite imparipinnate compound leaves. The organoleptic evaluation showed a leafy odour and an astringent taste. Microscopic evaluation showed glandular trichomes, wavy epidermal cells, and anomocytic stomata. The leaf had anomocytic stomata and hypostomatic. with an average stomatal number, index, density, length, width and size of 13.75 ± 0.40%, 15.44 ± 0.42 mm-2, 80.88±2.82 mm-2, 29.26µm, 26.17 ± 0.4 µm and 766.38± 39.49 µm, respectively. \u0000The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, proteins, glycosides, and flavonoids, while tannins and fixed oils were not detected. Chemotaxonomic studies showed the presence of starch grains, lignified tissues, calcium oxalates, gum, and the absence of protein and oil globules. \u0000Analytical evaluation of the leaves of Coccinia barteri produced 7.00% total ash, 0.93% acid insoluble ash, 2.96% water soluble ash, 8.40% moisture content, 29.67% alcohol extractive value, 40.17% water extractive value, and 21.00% ethyl acetate extractive value. \u0000Conclusion: This study provides information on the morphology, microscopic, and phytochemical profile of the leaves of Coccinia barteri.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76862394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6624
Babalola Isaac Olamide, Edeh Fidelis Ikechukwu, Obiyenwa David, K. O. Emmanuel, Afolabi Daniel, Folaranmi Precious Olamide, F. Effiong
The incidence of prostate cancer in men has increased significantly, making it one of the most prevalent malignancies in the male population. Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial shift in the approach to managing metastatic prostate cancer, with the approval of novel medications resulting from multiple pivotal phase III trials. These medications offer a range of therapeutic alternatives to patients, with varying modes of action. Despite the progress made in prostate cancer treatment, early metastases and drug resistance continue to pose significant challenges. In this narrative review, we examined the evidence regarding the effectiveness of hormone therapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, drawing on data from important clinical trials of hormonal therapy. In addition, we conducted a search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify ongoing and upcoming trials related to metastatic and resistant prostate cancer. Finally, we present an overview of the pathophysiology of these residual effects and review relevant translational research and observational cohort studies.
{"title":"The Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Using Hormonal Therapy: A Narrative Review","authors":"Babalola Isaac Olamide, Edeh Fidelis Ikechukwu, Obiyenwa David, K. O. Emmanuel, Afolabi Daniel, Folaranmi Precious Olamide, F. Effiong","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6624","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of prostate cancer in men has increased significantly, making it one of the most prevalent malignancies in the male population. Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial shift in the approach to managing metastatic prostate cancer, with the approval of novel medications resulting from multiple pivotal phase III trials. These medications offer a range of therapeutic alternatives to patients, with varying modes of action. Despite the progress made in prostate cancer treatment, early metastases and drug resistance continue to pose significant challenges. In this narrative review, we examined the evidence regarding the effectiveness of hormone therapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, drawing on data from important clinical trials of hormonal therapy. In addition, we conducted a search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify ongoing and upcoming trials related to metastatic and resistant prostate cancer. Finally, we present an overview of the pathophysiology of these residual effects and review relevant translational research and observational cohort studies.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75860180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6623
G. Begum, N. Anbu
Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the potential of Arputha Mathirai, a tablet-based Siddha herbomineral formulation, in promoting ovulation in Wistar Albino rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induced by Estradiol Valerate (EV). Place of Study: The study took place at C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy located in Thorapakkam, Chennai - 600 092, Tamil Nadu. Methodology: Arputha Mathirai, the Siddha herbomineral formulation, was prepared in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines. Prior to conducting the study, approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). The research adhered to ethical principles and guidelines established by the committee responsible for overseeing and regulating animal experimentation, ensuring proper control and supervision. Female Wistar Albino rats were selected as the preferred rodent species for the study. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was induced in the animals by administering subcutaneous injection of 100μg Estardiol valerate (EV). The reproductive cycles of the rats were synchronized to ensure consistency. The rats were divided into four groups, each containing six rats, as follows: Group I: Normal Control animals received 1 ml/kg of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) solution. Group II: Rats were orally administered Arputha Mathirai at a dosage of 100 mg/kg for 10 days. Group III: Rats were orally administered Arputha Mathirai at a dosage of 200 mg/kg for 10 days. Group IV: Received Clomiphene at a dosage of 10 mg/kg and served as the standard group. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected from the rats through retro-orbital and cardiac puncture. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone were estimated using ELISA method. Ovaries from the experimental rats were dissected out for histopathological studies. Results: The results consistently showed that the higher dosage of the drug (group III) had a more pronounced effect in normalizing hormone levels compared to the lower dosage group. However, it is important to note that the lower dosage group also exhibited effectiveness. While the results in both groups did not closely match those of the standard group (group IV), the drug Arputha Mathirai demonstrated significant potential in the experimental groups, supporting its efficacy in inducing ovulation. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis confirmed the drug's potential in inducing ovulation, particularly in the higher dosage group (group III) compared to the lower dosage group (group II). Overall, the findings suggest that Arputha Mathirai has promising ovulation-inducing activity, with the higher dosage showing more pronounced effects. Conclusion: It is hypothesized that the bioactive phytocompounds present in Arputha Mathirai may exert their effects at various stages to restore hormone levels and reverse the pathological condition associated with P
目的:本研究的目的是研究阿普塔·玛蒂莱(Arputha Mathirai)，一种基于Siddha的草药制剂，对戊酸雌二醇(EV)诱导的Wistar白化大鼠多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的促排卵作用。研究地点:该研究在位于Thorapakkam, Chennai - 600092, Tamil Nadu的C.L. Baid Metha药学院进行。方法:Arputha Mathirai, Siddha草药制剂，按照良好生产规范(GMP)指南制备。在进行研究之前，获得了机构动物伦理委员会(IAEC)的批准。这项研究遵循了负责监督和管理动物实验的委员会制定的伦理原则和指导方针，确保了适当的控制和监督。选择雌性Wistar白化大鼠作为研究的首选啮齿类动物。以100μg戊酸雌二醇(EV)皮下注射诱导多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)。大鼠的生殖周期同步以确保一致性。将大鼠分为4组，每组6只，按如下方法进行实验:1组:正常对照动物给予羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)溶液1 ml/kg。II组:大鼠口服Arputha Mathirai，剂量为100mg /kg，持续10天。第三组:大鼠口服Arputha Mathirai，剂量为200mg /kg，持续10天。IV组:给予克罗米芬10 mg/kg剂量，作为标准组。在研究结束时，通过眶后穿刺和心脏穿刺采集大鼠血液样本。采用ELISA法测定黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇、黄体酮水平。解剖实验大鼠卵巢进行组织病理学研究。结果:结果一致表明，与低剂量组相比，高剂量组(III组)在激素水平正常化方面的作用更为明显。然而，值得注意的是，低剂量组也表现出了有效性。虽然两组的结果与标准组(IV组)的结果并不接近，但药物Arputha Mathirai在实验组中显示出显着的潜力，支持其诱导排卵的功效。此外，组织病理学分析证实了该药的促排卵潜力，特别是高剂量组(III组)与低剂量组(II组)相比。总体而言，研究结果表明，Arputha Mathirai具有良好的促排卵活性，且高剂量效果更明显。结论:推测马提兰中的活性植物化合物可能在不同阶段发挥作用，恢复激素水平，逆转PCOS相关病理状况。这些天然化合物有调节激素水平和促进排卵的潜力。然而，重要的是要承认，关于这些植物化学物质解决这种情况的潜在原因的特定能力的公开证据不足。需要进一步研究这些化合物的作用机制及其在解决多囊卵巢综合征根本原因方面的潜力。
{"title":"Pharmacological Evaluation of Ovulation Inducing Potential of Siddha Herbomineral Formulation Arputha Mathirai on Estradiol Valerate Induced Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome Wistar Albino Rat Model","authors":"G. Begum, N. Anbu","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6623","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the potential of Arputha Mathirai, a tablet-based Siddha herbomineral formulation, in promoting ovulation in Wistar Albino rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induced by Estradiol Valerate (EV). \u0000Place of Study: The study took place at C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy located in Thorapakkam, Chennai - 600 092, Tamil Nadu. \u0000Methodology: Arputha Mathirai, the Siddha herbomineral formulation, was prepared in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines. Prior to conducting the study, approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). The research adhered to ethical principles and guidelines established by the committee responsible for overseeing and regulating animal experimentation, ensuring proper control and supervision. \u0000Female Wistar Albino rats were selected as the preferred rodent species for the study. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was induced in the animals by administering subcutaneous injection of 100μg Estardiol valerate (EV). The reproductive cycles of the rats were synchronized to ensure consistency. \u0000The rats were divided into four groups, each containing six rats, as follows: \u0000 \u0000Group I: Normal Control animals received 1 ml/kg of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) solution. \u0000Group II: Rats were orally administered Arputha Mathirai at a dosage of 100 mg/kg for 10 days. \u0000Group III: Rats were orally administered Arputha Mathirai at a dosage of 200 mg/kg for 10 days. \u0000Group IV: Received Clomiphene at a dosage of 10 mg/kg and served as the standard group. \u0000 \u0000At the end of the study, blood samples were collected from the rats through retro-orbital and cardiac puncture. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone were estimated using ELISA method. Ovaries from the experimental rats were dissected out for histopathological studies. \u0000Results: The results consistently showed that the higher dosage of the drug (group III) had a more pronounced effect in normalizing hormone levels compared to the lower dosage group. However, it is important to note that the lower dosage group also exhibited effectiveness. While the results in both groups did not closely match those of the standard group (group IV), the drug Arputha Mathirai demonstrated significant potential in the experimental groups, supporting its efficacy in inducing ovulation. \u0000Furthermore, the histopathological analysis confirmed the drug's potential in inducing ovulation, particularly in the higher dosage group (group III) compared to the lower dosage group (group II). \u0000Overall, the findings suggest that Arputha Mathirai has promising ovulation-inducing activity, with the higher dosage showing more pronounced effects. \u0000Conclusion: It is hypothesized that the bioactive phytocompounds present in Arputha Mathirai may exert their effects at various stages to restore hormone levels and reverse the pathological condition associated with P","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76187540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6622
J. Ibrahim, O. Fatokun, Ibikunle Adeola Jegede, H. Egharevba, Omotayo T. Hamzat, O. Adigwe
Introduction: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) are key to achieving effective and sustainable integration of all forms of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM) and health services towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). In this study, the operational and psychological readiness of Traditional Medicine Practitioners towards integration with the conventional health system was examined by critically considering the various factors central to traditional medicine integration as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Traditional Medicine strategy (2014–2023). Methods: Paper based questionnaires were administered to Traditional medicine practitioners from three geo-political zones in Nigeria along with Key Informant Interviews. Qualitative – thematic and content analysis using both iterative and interpretative processes, and quantitative –descriptive and inferential analysis were done using statistical package for social sciences version 25. Results: A total of 337 respondents participated in the study ranging from 21-61 years of age. More than half (61.7%) were males. Most respondents 310 (92%) had one form of formal education out of which those with secondary education constitute over one-thirds, 121 (35.9%). Over three-quarter of the respondents, 290 (86.1%) were into general practice and over half of the respondents had between 11 – 20 years of experience as traditional medicine practitioners. About two-thirds, 216 (64.1%) of study participants had no knowledge of what integration nor Universal Health Coverage 256, (76%) meant. However, many of the respondents (76.3%) had a good attitude towards integration. More than two-thirds of respondents, 241 (71.5%) claimed to keep patient records but only 157 (46.6%) kept written records. Conclusion: Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Nigeria have a positive outlook towards integration. Salient knowledge and practice gaps among them have been revealed. The study shows that regulatory and policy actions should be centred around the support, capacity building through trainings and conferences to disseminate information on scientific/technological advancements to improve their practice, and also to improve on existing policies and government activities.
{"title":"Healthcare Delivery in Nigeria: Traditional Medicine Practitioners Perspectives to Universal Health Coverage and Traditional Medicine Integration with Conventional Medicine","authors":"J. Ibrahim, O. Fatokun, Ibikunle Adeola Jegede, H. Egharevba, Omotayo T. Hamzat, O. Adigwe","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6622","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) are key to achieving effective and sustainable integration of all forms of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM) and health services towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). In this study, the operational and psychological readiness of Traditional Medicine Practitioners towards integration with the conventional health system was examined by critically considering the various factors central to traditional medicine integration as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Traditional Medicine strategy (2014–2023). \u0000Methods: Paper based questionnaires were administered to Traditional medicine practitioners from three geo-political zones in Nigeria along with Key Informant Interviews. Qualitative – thematic and content analysis using both iterative and interpretative processes, and quantitative –descriptive and inferential analysis were done using statistical package for social sciences version 25. \u0000Results: A total of 337 respondents participated in the study ranging from 21-61 years of age. More than half (61.7%) were males. Most respondents 310 (92%) had one form of formal education out of which those with secondary education constitute over one-thirds, 121 (35.9%). Over three-quarter of the respondents, 290 (86.1%) were into general practice and over half of the respondents had between 11 – 20 years of experience as traditional medicine practitioners. About two-thirds, 216 (64.1%) of study participants had no knowledge of what integration nor Universal Health Coverage 256, (76%) meant. However, many of the respondents (76.3%) had a good attitude towards integration. More than two-thirds of respondents, 241 (71.5%) claimed to keep patient records but only 157 (46.6%) kept written records. \u0000Conclusion: Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Nigeria have a positive outlook towards integration. Salient knowledge and practice gaps among them have been revealed. The study shows that regulatory and policy actions should be centred around the support, capacity building through trainings and conferences to disseminate information on scientific/technological advancements to improve their practice, and also to improve on existing policies and government activities.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82938186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6621
S. Bhattacharyya, Sameer Muchhala, Kunal Jhaveri
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease with multifactorial aetiology. Metformin monotherapy is commonly used as the initial treatment, but is often inadequate in achieving optimal glycaemic control, necessitating the need of second and third-line therapies. Fixed dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian setting is gaining popularity. Time-in-target has become a useful blood glucose indicator that goes "beyond HbA1c" to understand glycaemic control in people with diabetes better. Aims and Objectives: To assess the efficacy of a FDC of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: This was a single-arm, single-centre, real-world study. Twenty-eight consented T2DM patients age >18 years, either sex, not hospitalized, and estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 ml/min/1.73m2 were administered a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) (Freestyle Libre Pro). Once daily fixed-dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin (10mg) and sitagliptin (100mg) was given along with CGMS administration on a background of existing therapy for those who were not to target for glycemic parameters. Since the FDC reaches at its peak concentration after 3-4 days of administration, the efficacy of FDC was considered from 5th day. Hence the baseline was calculated taking the mean of first 4 days after FDC administration. Patients' characteristics, including age (years), sex, weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m2), estimated glycated haemoglobin (%), history of oral hypoglycaemic agents, and dose of insulin were recorded. For efficacy assessment, average daily glucose (ADG), time in target (TIT), time below target (TBT), and time above target (TAT) were recorded at baseline.) and end of the study (day 15th of CGMS administration) from the daily glucose summary of Freestyle Libre Pro CGMS. The percentage improvement of each efficacy parameters were assessed. Results: A statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in ADG (19.41% decrease), TIT (34.47% increase), and TAT (31.13% decrease) was observed, whereas TBT was increased by 29.23%. Mean age (n=28), weight (n=23), body mass index (n=19) and estimated HbA1c (n=19) was 56.70±9.8 years, 64.67±9.52 Kg, 24.99±4.23 Kg/m2 and 6.84±1.63 % respectively. The majority were on triple drug (n=14; 50%) therapy before CGMS administration than dual (n=5; 17.9%) and monotherapy (2; 7.1%). Fifteen (53.8%) were on insulin with a mean insulin dose of 16.40 IU. Conclusion: Once daily FDC of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian T2DM patients significantly improves AGD, TIT, and TAT at the end of 15 days.
{"title":"Efficacy of Fixed-dose Combination of Dapagliflozin and Sitagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Real-world Study in India","authors":"S. Bhattacharyya, Sameer Muchhala, Kunal Jhaveri","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i6621","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease with multifactorial aetiology. Metformin monotherapy is commonly used as the initial treatment, but is often inadequate in achieving optimal glycaemic control, necessitating the need of second and third-line therapies. Fixed dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian setting is gaining popularity. Time-in-target has become a useful blood glucose indicator that goes \"beyond HbA1c\" to understand glycaemic control in people with diabetes better.\u0000Aims and Objectives: To assess the efficacy of a FDC of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian T2DM patients.\u0000Materials and Methods: This was a single-arm, single-centre, real-world study. Twenty-eight consented T2DM patients age >18 years, either sex, not hospitalized, and estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 ml/min/1.73m2 were administered a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) (Freestyle Libre Pro). Once daily fixed-dose combination (FDC) of dapagliflozin (10mg) and sitagliptin (100mg) was given along with CGMS administration on a background of existing therapy for those who were not to target for glycemic parameters. Since the FDC reaches at its peak concentration after 3-4 days of administration, the efficacy of FDC was considered from 5th day. Hence the baseline was calculated taking the mean of first 4 days after FDC administration. Patients' characteristics, including age (years), sex, weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m2), estimated glycated haemoglobin (%), history of oral hypoglycaemic agents, and dose of insulin were recorded. For efficacy assessment, average daily glucose (ADG), time in target (TIT), time below target (TBT), and time above target (TAT) were recorded at baseline.) and end of the study (day 15th of CGMS administration) from the daily glucose summary of Freestyle Libre Pro CGMS. The percentage improvement of each efficacy parameters were assessed.\u0000Results: A statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in ADG (19.41% decrease), TIT (34.47% increase), and TAT (31.13% decrease) was observed, whereas TBT was increased by 29.23%. Mean age (n=28), weight (n=23), body mass index (n=19) and estimated HbA1c (n=19) was 56.70±9.8 years, 64.67±9.52 Kg, 24.99±4.23 Kg/m2 and 6.84±1.63 % respectively. The majority were on triple drug (n=14; 50%) therapy before CGMS administration than dual (n=5; 17.9%) and monotherapy (2; 7.1%). Fifteen (53.8%) were on insulin with a mean insulin dose of 16.40 IU.\u0000Conclusion: Once daily FDC of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in Indian T2DM patients significantly improves AGD, TIT, and TAT at the end of 15 days.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76325586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5620
Glory O. Iroha, T. O. Adejumo, Dr Oludare temitope Osuntokun, M. Coker
Introduction: The study evaluates a rapid and dependable method of identifying plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from surgical wound samples of twenty-nine patients from three General hospitals in Akoko South West (Iwaro Oka), Akoko North East (Ikare), and Akoko North West (Irun),Ondo State, Nigeria, using standard microbiological techniques. Materials and Methods: Antibiotic sensitivity test (AST) was carried out, plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistant bacteria were determinedand plasmids were cured. Results: Seven bacteria were isolated, two (2) were Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridians, and five (5) Gram-negative Enterobacter agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Morganella morganii biogrp 1 and Serratia liquefaciens. The total bacterial counts ranged from 4.3 x 104 to 9.9 x 104cfu/ml. The highest colony count (9.9 x 104 cfu/ml) was obtained from General Hospital, Iwaro-Oka, while the least (4.3 x 104 cfu/ml) was obtained from Irun General Hospital. The AST result showed that most isolates were sensitive to some of the antibiotics within the range of 7 mm to 25 mm zones of inhibition, while only strains of Pseudomonas.fluorescens were resistant to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, gentamicin, augmentin, sparfloxacin, tarivid, and septrin. Four out of the five resistant Pseudomonas. fluorescens strains had plasmid bands ranging from 2.27 kbp to 23.13 kbp molecular weight with thick bands. Discussion: the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance bacteria were sensitive to the same antibiotics which were initially resistant. It was recommended that increased attention be paid to stricter infection control practices across the three local government areas. Conclusion: Health authorities should include profile epidemiology in infection control policies to detect the resistance level of isolates and adopt effective methods of administration of antibiotics before widespread infection.
{"title":"Plasmid-encoded Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria of Surgical Wound Isolates from Three Hospitals in Akoko Land","authors":"Glory O. Iroha, T. O. Adejumo, Dr Oludare temitope Osuntokun, M. Coker","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5620","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The study evaluates a rapid and dependable method of identifying plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from surgical wound samples of twenty-nine patients from three General hospitals in Akoko South West (Iwaro Oka), Akoko North East (Ikare), and Akoko North West (Irun),Ondo State, Nigeria, using standard microbiological techniques. \u0000Materials and Methods: Antibiotic sensitivity test (AST) was carried out, plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistant bacteria were determinedand plasmids were cured. \u0000Results: Seven bacteria were isolated, two (2) were Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridians, and five (5) Gram-negative Enterobacter agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Morganella morganii biogrp 1 and Serratia liquefaciens. The total bacterial counts ranged from 4.3 x 104 to 9.9 x 104cfu/ml. The highest colony count (9.9 x 104 cfu/ml) was obtained from General Hospital, Iwaro-Oka, while the least (4.3 x 104 cfu/ml) was obtained from Irun General Hospital. The AST result showed that most isolates were sensitive to some of the antibiotics within the range of 7 mm to 25 mm zones of inhibition, while only strains of Pseudomonas.fluorescens were resistant to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, gentamicin, augmentin, sparfloxacin, tarivid, and septrin. Four out of the five resistant Pseudomonas. fluorescens strains had plasmid bands ranging from 2.27 kbp to 23.13 kbp molecular weight with thick bands. \u0000Discussion: the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance bacteria were sensitive to the same antibiotics which were initially resistant. It was recommended that increased attention be paid to stricter infection control practices across the three local government areas. \u0000Conclusion: Health authorities should include profile epidemiology in infection control policies to detect the resistance level of isolates and adopt effective methods of administration of antibiotics before widespread infection.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80533576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5617
U. Odoh, Constance Ezema, P. O. Osadebe, P. Uzor, T. Akunne, C. O. Ezugwu, M. O. Chukwuma, P. F. Onyekere, Odoh Longinus, Agubata Chuka William, Ugwoke Christopher Chukwuemeka
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a widely prevailing Disease condition. Prior to the advancement of synthetic medicine, local remedies have been used in different parts of the world for the management of this disease. This study aims to identify the plants used by the people of Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria in the management of diabetes, and document all relevant information on them. Methodology: A survey was conducted using semi-structured and personal oral interview methods. Consent was obtained from a total of 130 respondents, (women and men) who were interviewed on the plants used in the management of diabetes in the local government area. Available literature was searched for information on the identified plants. Results: The study revealed 41 plant species belonging to 29 families are commonly used for treatment of diabetes in Nsukka LGA. Annonaceae, Liliaceae and Rubiaceae were the families most represented, with 3 species each. The leaves of the plant were mostly used (37.7%), and Decoction was the main mode of preparation (58.5%). Conclusion: The forests and bushes of Nsukka Local Government Area, South Eastern-Nigeria is habitat to more than 40 plants belonging to 29 families that are used in ethnomedicinal practice as anti-diabetic agents. The plants have medicinal (including antidiabetic) uses in other places. Some of these plants have been scientifically evaluated for phytochemical composition and pharmacologically screened for anti-diabetic, and other activities.
{"title":"Ethnosurvey of Medicinal Plants Used in Treatment of Diabetes by the People of Nsukka, South Eastern-Nigeria","authors":"U. Odoh, Constance Ezema, P. O. Osadebe, P. Uzor, T. Akunne, C. O. Ezugwu, M. O. Chukwuma, P. F. Onyekere, Odoh Longinus, Agubata Chuka William, Ugwoke Christopher Chukwuemeka","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5617","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a widely prevailing Disease condition. Prior to the advancement of synthetic medicine, local remedies have been used in different parts of the world for the management of this disease. This study aims to identify the plants used by the people of Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria in the management of diabetes, and document all relevant information on them. \u0000Methodology: A survey was conducted using semi-structured and personal oral interview methods. Consent was obtained from a total of 130 respondents, (women and men) who were interviewed on the plants used in the management of diabetes in the local government area. Available literature was searched for information on the identified plants. \u0000Results: The study revealed 41 plant species belonging to 29 families are commonly used for treatment of diabetes in Nsukka LGA. Annonaceae, Liliaceae and Rubiaceae were the families most represented, with 3 species each. The leaves of the plant were mostly used (37.7%), and Decoction was the main mode of preparation (58.5%). \u0000Conclusion: The forests and bushes of Nsukka Local Government Area, South Eastern-Nigeria is habitat to more than 40 plants belonging to 29 families that are used in ethnomedicinal practice as anti-diabetic agents. The plants have medicinal (including antidiabetic) uses in other places. Some of these plants have been scientifically evaluated for phytochemical composition and pharmacologically screened for anti-diabetic, and other activities.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85656876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5619
Odoh Uchenna Estella, Owoh Chioma, Obi Patrick Ebele, C. M. Onyegbulam, Agubata Chuka William, Odoh Longinus
Background: Jatropha tanjorensis has been used traditionally for the treatment of a variety of diseases, these include; renal problem, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammation and in moderate depression. The pharmacognostic standardization of it’s can be used in the development of it’s monograph. Diabetes mellitus is disease that is responsible for millions of death yearly. Over the years, efforts have been made in the discovery of new bioactive compounds with Antidiabetic activity Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the pharmacognostic profile and anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanol leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Methods: The phytochemical analysis, pharmacognostic profile and acute toxicity study were done using standard methods. The anti-hyperglycemic activity of the methanol leaf extract of J. tanjorensis was investigated by using normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats for acute and sub-acute studies. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, saponins and tannins. The moisture content obtained was 5.67% w/w. The total ash value was 8.39%w/w, acid-insoluble ash value was 0.72% w/w and water-soluble ash value was 3.91% w/w. There was no mortality or any signs of behavioral changes or toxicity observed after oral administration of Jatropha tanjorensis up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight in mice. The sub-acute anti-hyperglycemic study was carried out for 14days, there was a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent anti-hyperglycemic effect of the methanol leaf extract of J. tanjorensis of 11.76, 55.51 and 77.65% blood glucose level reduction for 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, when compared with the negative control (- 23.18 %)and 67.29 % for positive control; Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)which has less activity. Conclusion: From this study, it shows that J. tanjorensis leaf have anti-hyperglycemic property, which could justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The Pharmacognostic profile can be used for a monograph of the plant for its proper identification and quality control.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic Profile and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity of Jatropha Tanjorensis Linn (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf on Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats","authors":"Odoh Uchenna Estella, Owoh Chioma, Obi Patrick Ebele, C. M. Onyegbulam, Agubata Chuka William, Odoh Longinus","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5619","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Jatropha tanjorensis has been used traditionally for the treatment of a variety of diseases, these include; renal problem, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammation and in moderate depression. The pharmacognostic standardization of it’s can be used in the development of it’s monograph. Diabetes mellitus is disease that is responsible for millions of death yearly. Over the years, efforts have been made in the discovery of new bioactive compounds with Antidiabetic activity \u0000Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the pharmacognostic profile and anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanol leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. \u0000Methods: The phytochemical analysis, pharmacognostic profile and acute toxicity study were done using standard methods. The anti-hyperglycemic activity of the methanol leaf extract of J. tanjorensis was investigated by using normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats for acute and sub-acute studies. \u0000Results: Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, saponins and tannins. The moisture content obtained was 5.67% w/w. The total ash value was 8.39%w/w, acid-insoluble ash value was 0.72% w/w and water-soluble ash value was 3.91% w/w. There was no mortality or any signs of behavioral changes or toxicity observed after oral administration of Jatropha tanjorensis up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight in mice. The sub-acute anti-hyperglycemic study was carried out for 14days, there was a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent anti-hyperglycemic effect of the methanol leaf extract of J. tanjorensis of 11.76, 55.51 and 77.65% blood glucose level reduction for 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, when compared with the negative control (- 23.18 %)and 67.29 % for positive control; Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)which has less activity. \u0000Conclusion: From this study, it shows that J. tanjorensis leaf have anti-hyperglycemic property, which could justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The Pharmacognostic profile can be used for a monograph of the plant for its proper identification and quality control.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76547752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5618
E. Okafor, G. Ndukwe, F. Akpuaka, H. Okechukwu
Background: Drugs of plant origin have served through the ages as the mainstay in treating diseases and preserving human health. The cucumber is one of the plants that have nutritional values. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cucumis sativus extract on the ovaries and sex hormones of adult female Wistar rats. Study Design and Methodology: Sixteen Wistar rats weighing 180-200g were divided into four groups (A-D) of four animals each. Group A (control) received only distilled water and feed, Group B received 250 mg/kg body weight of cucumber fruit extract, Group C received 400 mg/kg body weight of cucumber fruit extract, and Group D received 1200 mg/kg body weight of cucumber fruit extract. All the treatments were given orally daily for twenty-one days. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and dissected; the ovaries were harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies, while blood was collected for hormonal analysis. Results: There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the FSH level of group B only when compared to the control groups while a non-significant decrease in the estradiol level in all the treatment groups compared to the control. Histopathological studies show little distortion in the histomorphology of the ovaries in groups C and D. Conclusion: Cucumis sativus extract, when consumed in large amount, has deleterious effects on the female reproductive system.
{"title":"Effects of Cucumis sativus Extract on the Histomorphology of the Ovaries and Hormonal Profile of Adult Female Wistar Rats","authors":"E. Okafor, G. Ndukwe, F. Akpuaka, H. Okechukwu","doi":"10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i5618","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drugs of plant origin have served through the ages as the mainstay in treating diseases and preserving human health. The cucumber is one of the plants that have nutritional values. \u0000Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cucumis sativus extract on the ovaries and sex hormones of adult female Wistar rats. \u0000Study Design and Methodology: Sixteen Wistar rats weighing 180-200g were divided into four groups (A-D) of four animals each. Group A (control) received only distilled water and feed, Group B received 250 mg/kg body weight of cucumber fruit extract, Group C received 400 mg/kg body weight of cucumber fruit extract, and Group D received 1200 mg/kg body weight of cucumber fruit extract. All the treatments were given orally daily for twenty-one days. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and dissected; the ovaries were harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies, while blood was collected for hormonal analysis. \u0000Results: There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the FSH level of group B only when compared to the control groups while a non-significant decrease in the estradiol level in all the treatment groups compared to the control. Histopathological studies show little distortion in the histomorphology of the ovaries in groups C and D. \u0000Conclusion: Cucumis sativus extract, when consumed in large amount, has deleterious effects on the female reproductive system.","PeriodicalId":14903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87815639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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