A Bio adsorbent nerium oleander has been used as a low cost adsorbent and its efficiency in methylene blue adsorptionwas comparatively greater than other adsorbent. The influence of various factors such as adsorbent dose, adsorbateconcentration, particle size, temperature, contact time and pH was studied. The adsorption of the dye over bioadsorbent was found to follow Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Based on these models, varioususeful thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. The adsorption of methylene blue over nerium oleander followsfirst order kinetics and the rate constants for the adsorption processes decreases.
{"title":"STUDY OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS ON ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING NERIUM OLEANDER AS BIOADSORBENT","authors":"Mohan Kumar Tirole, D. Dwivedi, V. Chourey","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314607","url":null,"abstract":"A Bio adsorbent nerium oleander has been used as a low cost adsorbent and its efficiency in methylene blue adsorptionwas comparatively greater than other adsorbent. The influence of various factors such as adsorbent dose, adsorbateconcentration, particle size, temperature, contact time and pH was studied. The adsorption of the dye over bioadsorbent was found to follow Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Based on these models, varioususeful thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. The adsorption of methylene blue over nerium oleander followsfirst order kinetics and the rate constants for the adsorption processes decreases.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely prescribed class of drug. The current study wascarried out to reveal the facts and prospects of Nimesulide, an over-the-counter NSAID drug. Around 57 cases ofhepatotoxicity collected from the DILI registry in Spain and Latin America were reviewed. Various causality cases wereassessed using the RUCAM scale, which revealed the mean age of 59 years of patients among the entire case series ofhepatotoxicity, out of which 86% were women, and the mean onset time of action was 40 days, while 46 patients, i.e.,81%, were also suffering from jaundice. Nimesulide-induced liver injury was found to be hepatocellular in 38 cases(67%), mixed type in 12 cases (21%), and cholestasis in 7 cases (12%). The reported incidence of NSAID-induced liverdisease in clinical trials was found to be fairly constant, ranging from 0.29 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI):0.17-051] to 9 per 100,000 (95% CI: 6-15). Therefore, a higher risk of liver-related hospitalisation (32.3 per 100,000patients) was reported. The studies indicated that Nimesulide and other NSAIDs cause extensive liver damage, rangingfrom asymptomatic transient hyperaminotransducers to fulminant liver failure. However, various shortcomings inepidemiologic studies jeopardise the opportunity to determine the actual risk of hepatotoxicity. The drugs, such asBenoxaprofen and Bromfenac, have been withdrawn from the market due to their hepatotoxic behaviour. The presentreview was carried out to critically analyse the results currently available in the literature on NSAID-inducedhepatotoxicity and to create an overview of the most commonly used compounds of the NSAID groups.
{"title":"THE CONCEPTS AND PROSPECTS OF NIMESULIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY","authors":"Mahajan Renuka, Yelchalwar Kaustubh, Dudhe Anshu, Darode Arti, Dudhe Rupesh","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314601","url":null,"abstract":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely prescribed class of drug. The current study wascarried out to reveal the facts and prospects of Nimesulide, an over-the-counter NSAID drug. Around 57 cases ofhepatotoxicity collected from the DILI registry in Spain and Latin America were reviewed. Various causality cases wereassessed using the RUCAM scale, which revealed the mean age of 59 years of patients among the entire case series ofhepatotoxicity, out of which 86% were women, and the mean onset time of action was 40 days, while 46 patients, i.e.,81%, were also suffering from jaundice. Nimesulide-induced liver injury was found to be hepatocellular in 38 cases(67%), mixed type in 12 cases (21%), and cholestasis in 7 cases (12%). The reported incidence of NSAID-induced liverdisease in clinical trials was found to be fairly constant, ranging from 0.29 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI):0.17-051] to 9 per 100,000 (95% CI: 6-15). Therefore, a higher risk of liver-related hospitalisation (32.3 per 100,000patients) was reported. The studies indicated that Nimesulide and other NSAIDs cause extensive liver damage, rangingfrom asymptomatic transient hyperaminotransducers to fulminant liver failure. However, various shortcomings inepidemiologic studies jeopardise the opportunity to determine the actual risk of hepatotoxicity. The drugs, such asBenoxaprofen and Bromfenac, have been withdrawn from the market due to their hepatotoxic behaviour. The presentreview was carried out to critically analyse the results currently available in the literature on NSAID-inducedhepatotoxicity and to create an overview of the most commonly used compounds of the NSAID groups.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Munazir Mohammad, Khan Md. Imran, Qadri M. Abu Bakr, Malik Abdul, Ansari Nafasat Ali
Brain (Dimagh) is the organ of consciousness, creativity, intelligence, memory, language and emotion. These functionsmake it utmost important organ of human body. That’s why Greek-o-Arab physicians described it as Aaza’aRa’eesa (vitalorgan) of the human body. Greek-o-Arab physicians like Hippocrates, Herophilus, Galen, ZakariyaRhazi, Ali Ibn AbbasMajusi, Ibn-e Sina etc. made great contribution in brain anatomy. They discovered various brain structures and describedprofoundly. They also described functions along with structure of different parts of the brain in detail.Objective of the current study was to compile progression of Tashreeh-e- dimagh (Anatomy of brain) in Greek-o-Arabperiod along with acknowledgment of contribution of Greek-o-Arab Physicians in brain anatomy. To compilecontribution of Greek-o-Arab Physicians in brain anatomy we search & collect the material from Unani Classicalreference books such as Kamil-us-Sanaa, ‘Alqanoonfiltibb’, KitabulMansoori, Modern books, Journal, Research Paper, &online resources etc. This paper enlighten the praiseworthy work done by unani physicians, who compiled theirobservations and research work about Tashreeh-e Dimaghi (brain anatomy) which is present in our ancient unani literature.The ancient unani literature became the base for today’s advance Neuroanatomy. This paper will provide enough matterthat will help and open door for further researches in Tashreeh-e Dimaghi.
{"title":"CONTRIBUTION OF GREEK-O-ARAB PHYSICIANS IN TASHREEH-E DIMAGH (ANATOMY OF BRAIN) - A REVIEW","authors":"Munazir Mohammad, Khan Md. Imran, Qadri M. Abu Bakr, Malik Abdul, Ansari Nafasat Ali","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314602","url":null,"abstract":"Brain (Dimagh) is the organ of consciousness, creativity, intelligence, memory, language and emotion. These functionsmake it utmost important organ of human body. That’s why Greek-o-Arab physicians described it as Aaza’aRa’eesa (vitalorgan) of the human body. Greek-o-Arab physicians like Hippocrates, Herophilus, Galen, ZakariyaRhazi, Ali Ibn AbbasMajusi, Ibn-e Sina etc. made great contribution in brain anatomy. They discovered various brain structures and describedprofoundly. They also described functions along with structure of different parts of the brain in detail.Objective of the current study was to compile progression of Tashreeh-e- dimagh (Anatomy of brain) in Greek-o-Arabperiod along with acknowledgment of contribution of Greek-o-Arab Physicians in brain anatomy. To compilecontribution of Greek-o-Arab Physicians in brain anatomy we search & collect the material from Unani Classicalreference books such as Kamil-us-Sanaa, ‘Alqanoonfiltibb’, KitabulMansoori, Modern books, Journal, Research Paper, &online resources etc. This paper enlighten the praiseworthy work done by unani physicians, who compiled theirobservations and research work about Tashreeh-e Dimaghi (brain anatomy) which is present in our ancient unani literature.The ancient unani literature became the base for today’s advance Neuroanatomy. This paper will provide enough matterthat will help and open door for further researches in Tashreeh-e Dimaghi.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transdermal delivery systems have gained popularity as a non-invasive method of drug administration that offers severaladvantages over other routes of drug delivery. They are noninvasive and self-administered delivery system whichimproves patient compliance and provide a controlled release of the drug. The greatest challenge of transdermal deliverysystems is that in which the outermost layer of skin acts as a barrier function for transfer of therapeutic agent into thebody. Molecules with high molecular weights do not pass through the skin. Therefore, only a limited number of drugsare administered by this route. So encapsulating the drugs in transfersomes is one of the best approaches to overcome thisproblem. Transferosomes are lipid based vesicular drug delivery systems which have a unique composition that allowsthem to overcome the limitation of conventional drug delivery system. They are composed of phospholipids andsurfactants, which provide them with the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They penetratethrough stratum corneum by either intracellular route or the transcellular route by the generation of natural osmoticgradient. Compared to conventional drug delivery systems, transferosomes offer several advantages like avoidance of firstpass metabolism, increasing bioavailability of drugs. Due to its high deformability it enhances the penetration of intactvesicles. Transferosomes vary from other conventional vesicles due to their softer, better adjustable and ultra deformableartificial membranes. This review summarizes the concept of transfersomes, including their structure, formationmechanism of action, different methods of preparation, advantages, limitations along with applications.
{"title":"TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF DRUGS USING TRANSFEROSOMES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW","authors":"Sanjana Muthangi, Praneetha Pallerla, Srinivas Nimmagadda","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314604","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal delivery systems have gained popularity as a non-invasive method of drug administration that offers severaladvantages over other routes of drug delivery. They are noninvasive and self-administered delivery system whichimproves patient compliance and provide a controlled release of the drug. The greatest challenge of transdermal deliverysystems is that in which the outermost layer of skin acts as a barrier function for transfer of therapeutic agent into thebody. Molecules with high molecular weights do not pass through the skin. Therefore, only a limited number of drugsare administered by this route. So encapsulating the drugs in transfersomes is one of the best approaches to overcome thisproblem. Transferosomes are lipid based vesicular drug delivery systems which have a unique composition that allowsthem to overcome the limitation of conventional drug delivery system. They are composed of phospholipids andsurfactants, which provide them with the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They penetratethrough stratum corneum by either intracellular route or the transcellular route by the generation of natural osmoticgradient. Compared to conventional drug delivery systems, transferosomes offer several advantages like avoidance of firstpass metabolism, increasing bioavailability of drugs. Due to its high deformability it enhances the penetration of intactvesicles. Transferosomes vary from other conventional vesicles due to their softer, better adjustable and ultra deformableartificial membranes. This review summarizes the concept of transfersomes, including their structure, formationmechanism of action, different methods of preparation, advantages, limitations along with applications.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thymoquinone (TQ), a polyphenol obtained from Nigella sativa plays a fundamental role in controlling homeostasis. Itpossesses anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. Its anti-cancer properties extend tolymphoma, leukaemia, medulloblastoma, prostate, pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancer (OvCa). OvCa is one of themost lethal malignancies worldwide having distinct symptoms and a poor prognosis. Resistance to Cisplatin (CDDP) andsubsequent reoccurrence of tumors lead to treatment failure. To tackle this, combination therapies along withpolyphenols are being studied and have been proven to enhance CDDP response. Certain proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax,STAT3, p53, and caspase-3/9 are involved in cancer progression and signaling of chemoresistance. In this study,Thymoquinone (TQ) interactions with these proteins have been observed through molecular docking. The 3D structureprediction was carried out using Phyre2 and SWISS-MODEL. The molecular docking of protein targets and TQ wasdone using the PatchDock server. The docked results were then visualized using Discovery Studio. This study helps us tounderstand the interactions between TQ and apoptotic proteins that help in the augmentation of conventional therapy.This knowledge will also help in developing a new approach and alternate therapeutic strategies using polyphenols likeTQ, even in resistant cells.
{"title":"IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF THYMOQUINONE AS AN ANTI-CANCER AGENT AGAINST CHEMORESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS IN OVARIAN CANCER","authors":"S. Tendulkar, Aishwarya Hattiholi, S. Dodamani","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314605","url":null,"abstract":"Thymoquinone (TQ), a polyphenol obtained from Nigella sativa plays a fundamental role in controlling homeostasis. Itpossesses anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. Its anti-cancer properties extend tolymphoma, leukaemia, medulloblastoma, prostate, pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancer (OvCa). OvCa is one of themost lethal malignancies worldwide having distinct symptoms and a poor prognosis. Resistance to Cisplatin (CDDP) andsubsequent reoccurrence of tumors lead to treatment failure. To tackle this, combination therapies along withpolyphenols are being studied and have been proven to enhance CDDP response. Certain proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax,STAT3, p53, and caspase-3/9 are involved in cancer progression and signaling of chemoresistance. In this study,Thymoquinone (TQ) interactions with these proteins have been observed through molecular docking. The 3D structureprediction was carried out using Phyre2 and SWISS-MODEL. The molecular docking of protein targets and TQ wasdone using the PatchDock server. The docked results were then visualized using Discovery Studio. This study helps us tounderstand the interactions between TQ and apoptotic proteins that help in the augmentation of conventional therapy.This knowledge will also help in developing a new approach and alternate therapeutic strategies using polyphenols likeTQ, even in resistant cells.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karra Geetha, D. K. Sri, Md L. Pooja, T. Rahmathullah, Rama Rao
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus strain that was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan city,China. Corona viruses are a type of virus that causes common colds, MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and other illnesses. After the United States and Brazil, India has risen to third placein the world in terms of the number of COVID-19 cases. To protect humans from the disease, a race among vaccinedevelopers around the world has begun, with hundreds of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in various stages of clinicaltrials. On January 16, 2021, India's government began offering free COVID-19 vaccinations, and as part of what isanticipated to be the world's largest immunization campaign, it is asking all of its residents to get vaccinated. FourCOVID-19 vaccines, out of the eight being tested in various phases of clinical trials in India, were created. The Indianmedicines regulator has given its approval. Covishield, the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, and Covaxin, a locally producedvaccine made by Bharat Biotech, are only to be used in cases of extreme urgency. The capability of Indian producers tosupply the nation's anticipated future demand for COVID-19 vaccines has been confirmed. The initial immunisation of30 million healthcare workers can be completed with the help of the staff and cold-chain infrastructure in place prior tothe pandemic. The Indian government has acted quickly to increase the nation's capacity for vaccine production and hasalso created an effective digital system to handle and monitor all facets of vaccine administration.
{"title":"REVIEW ON INDIAN REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS ON COVID VACCINES","authors":"Karra Geetha, D. K. Sri, Md L. Pooja, T. Rahmathullah, Rama Rao","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314603","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus strain that was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan city,China. Corona viruses are a type of virus that causes common colds, MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and other illnesses. After the United States and Brazil, India has risen to third placein the world in terms of the number of COVID-19 cases. To protect humans from the disease, a race among vaccinedevelopers around the world has begun, with hundreds of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in various stages of clinicaltrials. On January 16, 2021, India's government began offering free COVID-19 vaccinations, and as part of what isanticipated to be the world's largest immunization campaign, it is asking all of its residents to get vaccinated. FourCOVID-19 vaccines, out of the eight being tested in various phases of clinical trials in India, were created. The Indianmedicines regulator has given its approval. Covishield, the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, and Covaxin, a locally producedvaccine made by Bharat Biotech, are only to be used in cases of extreme urgency. The capability of Indian producers tosupply the nation's anticipated future demand for COVID-19 vaccines has been confirmed. The initial immunisation of30 million healthcare workers can be completed with the help of the staff and cold-chain infrastructure in place prior tothe pandemic. The Indian government has acted quickly to increase the nation's capacity for vaccine production and hasalso created an effective digital system to handle and monitor all facets of vaccine administration.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"362 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbal drugs are one of the very well-known medicines adapted by millions to people worldwide since ancient time. The plant kingdom is a treasure of potential phytochemicals that can be utilized to treat variety of medical conditions. With the advent of increase in demand and knowledge of herbal medicines quality of these herbal medicines has grab the attention of various pharma industries. Thus, certain standard parameters to determine the quality of raw material are described in the present article. In the current study the quality of raw material 16 members of order Myrtales constituting 5 families i.e Myrtaceae, Lythraceae Lecythidaceae, Melastomataceae and Combretaceae from different regions of Maharashtra were carried out. Allied variety of plants from the region of Mumbai and Lonavala were considered for the study. Physicochemical parameters such as Moisture content, Total Ash Value, Acid soluble Ash, and water-soluble ash were determined. Values of proximate analysis of raw material were found to be within permissible limit as specified
{"title":"PROXIMATE COMPOSITION FROM SELECTED MEMBERS OF ORDER MYRTALES","authors":"Nidhi Upendra Pathak","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314503","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal drugs are one of the very well-known medicines adapted by millions to people worldwide since ancient time. The plant kingdom is a treasure of potential phytochemicals that can be utilized to treat variety of medical conditions. With the advent of increase in demand and knowledge of herbal medicines quality of these herbal medicines has grab the attention of various pharma industries. Thus, certain standard parameters to determine the quality of raw material are described in the present article. In the current study the quality of raw material 16 members of order Myrtales constituting 5 families i.e Myrtaceae, Lythraceae Lecythidaceae, Melastomataceae and Combretaceae from different regions of Maharashtra were carried out. Allied variety of plants from the region of Mumbai and Lonavala were considered for the study. Physicochemical parameters such as Moisture content, Total Ash Value, Acid soluble Ash, and water-soluble ash were determined. Values of proximate analysis of raw material were found to be within permissible limit as specified","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139372090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), the king of spices is one of the most important traditional spices cultivated all over world. Over the past 15 years, there has been a noticeable decline in crop production and area due to biotic and abiotic stress. Despite the efforts made to develop and select a number of black pepper varieties with high yield potential and disease tolerance, the situation has not improved in a decade. Quick wilt caused by Phytopthora capsici, one of the major soil-borne fungi can destroy black pepper crops and cause heavy loss in the plantations. All plant parts are vulnerable to infection, which results in significant decrease in gene expression, thereby inducing heavy mortality rate. Different resistant varieties are raised based on different breeding programs to control the disease and helps in maintaining black pepper production. Such labor-intensive, unfocused breeding initiatives that take so much time and effort cannot keep up with the needs for higher crop production. Currently, a novel gene editing technique known as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas technology, has succeeded in enhancing crop quality that increase yield, quality as well as to improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objective of this review is to identify the role of CRISPR/Cas technology in controlling the quick wilt fungi by genome editing. Recent improvements in CRISPR/Cas genome editing allow for effective targeted modification in the majority of crops, which promises to hasten crop development, especially in commercially important crop like black pepper.
{"title":"ROLE OF CRISPR/Cas IN CONTROLLING BIOTIC STRESS IN BLACKPEPPER","authors":"A. K S","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314501","url":null,"abstract":"Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), the king of spices is one of the most important traditional spices cultivated all over world. Over the past 15 years, there has been a noticeable decline in crop production and area due to biotic and abiotic stress. Despite the efforts made to develop and select a number of black pepper varieties with high yield potential and disease tolerance, the situation has not improved in a decade. Quick wilt caused by Phytopthora capsici, one of the major soil-borne fungi can destroy black pepper crops and cause heavy loss in the plantations. All plant parts are vulnerable to infection, which results in significant decrease in gene expression, thereby inducing heavy mortality rate. Different resistant varieties are raised based on different breeding programs to control the disease and helps in maintaining black pepper production. Such labor-intensive, unfocused breeding initiatives that take so much time and effort cannot keep up with the needs for higher crop production. Currently, a novel gene editing technique known as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas technology, has succeeded in enhancing crop quality that increase yield, quality as well as to improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objective of this review is to identify the role of CRISPR/Cas technology in controlling the quick wilt fungi by genome editing. Recent improvements in CRISPR/Cas genome editing allow for effective targeted modification in the majority of crops, which promises to hasten crop development, especially in commercially important crop like black pepper.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139372327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current study, we have detailed the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) employing the capping ingredient Solanum Nigrum. With the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption, and antibacterial investigations, the functionalization of ZnO particles through Solanum Nigrum leaves extract induced bio-reduction of ZnO was examined. According to XRD analysis, the produced NPs have a wurtzite hexagonal structure and an average grain size of 27.6 nm. The functional groups are further shown by FT-IR spectra. The indirect band gap is estimated to be 3.38 eV based on UV-Vis DRS studies. It has been proven that the particle size variations and surface area-to-volume ratios of ZnO-NPs are responsible for significantly higher antibacterial activities. According to the antibacterial study, the ZnO-NPs inhibit the growth of both normal as well as pathogenic bacterium and hence might be used for coating surgical equipment for performing aseptic operators in the medical field.
{"title":"GREEN SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING SOLANUM NIGRUM LEAF EXTRACT AND OVERVIEW OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES","authors":"Helen Merina Albert, Alosious Gonsago C","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314505","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, we have detailed the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) employing the capping ingredient Solanum Nigrum. With the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption, and antibacterial investigations, the functionalization of ZnO particles through Solanum Nigrum leaves extract induced bio-reduction of ZnO was examined. According to XRD analysis, the produced NPs have a wurtzite hexagonal structure and an average grain size of 27.6 nm. The functional groups are further shown by FT-IR spectra. The indirect band gap is estimated to be 3.38 eV based on UV-Vis DRS studies. It has been proven that the particle size variations and surface area-to-volume ratios of ZnO-NPs are responsible for significantly higher antibacterial activities. According to the antibacterial study, the ZnO-NPs inhibit the growth of both normal as well as pathogenic bacterium and hence might be used for coating surgical equipment for performing aseptic operators in the medical field.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139372294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earthworms are crucial for maintaining soil quality and supporting agricultural practices. Soil conditions, such as nutrients, toxicants, moisture, fertilizers, and pesticides, can impact earthworm populations, growth, and reproduction. Of particular concern is the potential negative effects of pesticides on higher ecological levels. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of Triazophos, a commonly used insecticide during Soybean cultivation, on the earthworm species Eisenia fetida in Kota, Rajasthan, India. In this experiment, five sets of 10 earthworms were exposed to concentrations of Triazophos ranging from 0.158 to 15.8 mg/kg dry weight, while one set served as the control. The growth of earthworms was monitored after four weeks, and the number of juveniles was counted after eight weeks. The results showed that the growth rate and reproduction of Eisenia fetida were significantly reduced by exposure to Triazophos. These findings highlight the potential ecological risks associated with the use of Triazophos in agricultural settings.
{"title":"IMPACT OF TRIAZOPHOS, CHEMICAL USED IN SOYBEAN CROP, ON THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF EISENIA FETIDA","authors":"A. Khunteta, Anuradha Singh","doi":"10.55218/jasr.202314502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202314502","url":null,"abstract":"Earthworms are crucial for maintaining soil quality and supporting agricultural practices. Soil conditions, such as nutrients, toxicants, moisture, fertilizers, and pesticides, can impact earthworm populations, growth, and reproduction. Of particular concern is the potential negative effects of pesticides on higher ecological levels. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of Triazophos, a commonly used insecticide during Soybean cultivation, on the earthworm species Eisenia fetida in Kota, Rajasthan, India. In this experiment, five sets of 10 earthworms were exposed to concentrations of Triazophos ranging from 0.158 to 15.8 mg/kg dry weight, while one set served as the control. The growth of earthworms was monitored after four weeks, and the number of juveniles was counted after eight weeks. The results showed that the growth rate and reproduction of Eisenia fetida were significantly reduced by exposure to Triazophos. These findings highlight the potential ecological risks associated with the use of Triazophos in agricultural settings.","PeriodicalId":14906,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Scientific Research","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139372324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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