Pub Date : 2022-07-13DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149978/2022
T. Arbez-Abnal, J. Sanginés-García, Á. Piñeiro-Vázquez, E. Aguilar-Urquizo, J. Ángeles-Hernández, E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez, A. Chay-Canul
. The objective of this study was to determine the tissue composition of the carcass of growing New Zealand White rabbits based on the shoulder and neck traits (weight, meat and bone weights). Live weight and characteristics of dissected meat and bone tissues (neck, breast, rib, loin, shoulder, and leg) of 80 rabbits were recorded. Total carcass tissue weights (carcass fat weight, carcass meat weight – CMW, and carcass bone weight – CBW) were calculated and correlation and regression analyses were implemented. Shoulder, neck, shoulder meat, bone and neck meat were correlated (P < 0.0001 and < 0.001) with CMW and CBW. In conclusion, cut weights and tissue content of the shoulder and neck provided good predictions for total meat and bone weights of growing New Zealand White rabbits.
{"title":"Development of prediction equations to estimate carcass tissue\u0000composition in growing New Zealand White rabbits\u0000by shoulder and neck dissection","authors":"T. Arbez-Abnal, J. Sanginés-García, Á. Piñeiro-Vázquez, E. Aguilar-Urquizo, J. Ángeles-Hernández, E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez, A. Chay-Canul","doi":"10.22358/jafs/149978/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/149978/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The objective of this study was to determine the tissue composition of the carcass of growing New Zealand White rabbits based on the shoulder and neck traits (weight, meat and bone weights). Live weight and characteristics of dissected meat and bone tissues (neck, breast, rib, loin, shoulder, and leg) of 80 rabbits were recorded. Total carcass tissue weights (carcass fat weight, carcass meat weight – CMW, and carcass bone weight – CBW) were calculated and correlation and regression analyses were implemented. Shoulder, neck, shoulder meat, bone and neck meat were correlated (P < 0.0001 and < 0.001) with CMW and CBW. In conclusion, cut weights and tissue content of the shoulder and neck provided good predictions for total meat and bone weights of growing New Zealand White rabbits.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44333974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.22358/jafs/150174/2022
X. Wan, X. Zheng, J. Liang, X. Xiao, H. Yang, Z. Wang
. A 28-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin A (VA) levels on intestinal morphology and immune performance of goslings. Healthy, one-day-old goslings (360) of similar body weight were randomly divided into six groups fed diets supplemented with 0 (A), 3 000 (B), 6 000 (C), 9 000 (D), 12 000 (E), and 15 000 (F) IU/kg VA. Compared to group A, villus height in group D, as well as villus width and crypt depth in groups C and D were increased in the duodenum (quadratic effect, P < 0.05); villus height and villus width in groups B, C, D and E, and crypt depth in groups C and D were increased in the jejunum (quadratic effect, P < 0.05); villus height and villus width in groups C and D, and crypt depth in groups B, C, D, E and F, as well as muscular layer thickness in group D were increased in the ileum (quadratic effect, P < 0.05). Serum immunoglobulin A in groups B, C, D and E, and serum immunoglobulin G levels in groups D and E were higher than in group A (quadratic effect, P < 0.05). Serum interleukin-1 (quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) levels in groups D and E, and serum interleukin-2 level (quadratic effect, P < 0.05) in group C were higher compared to group A. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 6 000–9 000 IU/kg VA improved intestinal morphology and immune performance of goslings.
{"title":"Dietary vitamin A supplementation improves intestinal\u0000morphology and immune performance of goslings","authors":"X. Wan, X. Zheng, J. Liang, X. Xiao, H. Yang, Z. Wang","doi":"10.22358/jafs/150174/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/150174/2022","url":null,"abstract":". A 28-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin A (VA) levels on intestinal morphology and immune performance of goslings. Healthy, one-day-old goslings (360) of similar body weight were randomly divided into six groups fed diets supplemented with 0 (A), 3 000 (B), 6 000 (C), 9 000 (D), 12 000 (E), and 15 000 (F) IU/kg VA. Compared to group A, villus height in group D, as well as villus width and crypt depth in groups C and D were increased in the duodenum (quadratic effect, P < 0.05); villus height and villus width in groups B, C, D and E, and crypt depth in groups C and D were increased in the jejunum (quadratic effect, P < 0.05); villus height and villus width in groups C and D, and crypt depth in groups B, C, D, E and F, as well as muscular layer thickness in group D were increased in the ileum (quadratic effect, P < 0.05). Serum immunoglobulin A in groups B, C, D and E, and serum immunoglobulin G levels in groups D and E were higher than in group A (quadratic effect, P < 0.05). Serum interleukin-1 (quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) levels in groups D and E, and serum interleukin-2 level (quadratic effect, P < 0.05) in group C were higher compared to group A. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 6 000–9 000 IU/kg VA improved intestinal morphology and immune performance of goslings.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42331354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149388/2022
N. Ceylan, E. Evrenkaya, A. Lanckriet
. The present study was conducted to determine and confirm the effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis DSM 28710 spores on productive performance, egg quality and nutrient excretion in laying hens. A total of 375 Lohmann Brown laying
{"title":"Efficacy of the probiotic Bacillus licheniformis DSM 28710\u0000in laying hens fed barley-sunflower meal-based diets\u0000on performance egg quality and excreta composition","authors":"N. Ceylan, E. Evrenkaya, A. Lanckriet","doi":"10.22358/jafs/149388/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/149388/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The present study was conducted to determine and confirm the effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis DSM 28710 spores on productive performance, egg quality and nutrient excretion in laying hens. A total of 375 Lohmann Brown laying","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46002186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.22358/jafs/150033/2022
S. Wahid, B. Lee, Ildoo Kim
This study examined the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) purified from fish oil on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbial count, faecal score, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 160 crossbred finishing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 70.51 ± 2.23 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets [5 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts); 8 pens per treatment]. Dietary treatments were: CON – basal diet, TRT1 – CON + 0.10% DHA, TRT2 – CON + 0.25% DHA, TRT3 – CON + 0.50% DHA. DHA supplementation resulted in a linear increase ( P = 0.046) in final body weight of finishing pigs. DHA supplementation increased average daily gain (ADG) in the TRT3 group compared to the CON group at week 6. In addition, the gain to feed ratio (G:F) was increased in the TRT3 group compared to the CON group. Increasing dietary DHA levels linearly improved ADG ( P = 0.046) and G:F ( P = 0.021). DHA supplementation did not influence nutrient digestibility. The pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and meat colour were not affected by the supplementation with graded DHA levels. On day 7, drip loss was reduced in the TRT2 and TRT3 groups compared to CON. However, faecal microbial and faecal score measurements remained unaffected among the treatments. In short, powdered DHA supplementation improved growth performance in finishing pigs without affecting nutrient digestibility, intestinal microorganisms and faecal score.
{"title":"Effect of purified docosahexaenoic acid supplementation\u0000on production performance, meat quality,\u0000and intestinal microbiome of finishing pigs","authors":"S. Wahid, B. Lee, Ildoo Kim","doi":"10.22358/jafs/150033/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/150033/2022","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) purified from fish oil on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbial count, faecal score, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 160 crossbred finishing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 70.51 ± 2.23 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets [5 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts); 8 pens per treatment]. Dietary treatments were: CON – basal diet, TRT1 – CON + 0.10% DHA, TRT2 – CON + 0.25% DHA, TRT3 – CON + 0.50% DHA. DHA supplementation resulted in a linear increase ( P = 0.046) in final body weight of finishing pigs. DHA supplementation increased average daily gain (ADG) in the TRT3 group compared to the CON group at week 6. In addition, the gain to feed ratio (G:F) was increased in the TRT3 group compared to the CON group. Increasing dietary DHA levels linearly improved ADG ( P = 0.046) and G:F ( P = 0.021). DHA supplementation did not influence nutrient digestibility. The pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and meat colour were not affected by the supplementation with graded DHA levels. On day 7, drip loss was reduced in the TRT2 and TRT3 groups compared to CON. However, faecal microbial and faecal score measurements remained unaffected among the treatments. In short, powdered DHA supplementation improved growth performance in finishing pigs without affecting nutrient digestibility, intestinal microorganisms and faecal score.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44613832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-10DOI: 10.22358/jafs/150080/2022
A. El-Saadany, A. El-barbary, A. A. El-Salam, M. M. Ahmed, E. Y. Shreif
. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on productive and reproductive performance, intestinal bacterial count, and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens. A total of 200 hens at 28 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four treatments (10 hens per treatment, 5 replicates each), group 1 was treated as control (basal diet without any supplementation), group 2, 3 and 4 were fed diets supplemented with 300, 600 and 1200 mg quercetin/kg feed, respectively. Egg production and egg mass increased ( P ≤ 0.001) as a result of dietary sup plementation with 300 and 600 mg quercetin/kg feed, while egg weight and feed intake were not affected, but the feed conversion ratio improved. Shell thickness, Haugh unit and yolk colour score were improved
{"title":"Nutritional and physiological evaluation of quercetin\u0000as a phytogenic feed additive in laying hens","authors":"A. El-Saadany, A. El-barbary, A. A. El-Salam, M. M. Ahmed, E. Y. Shreif","doi":"10.22358/jafs/150080/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/150080/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on productive and reproductive performance, intestinal bacterial count, and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens. A total of 200 hens at 28 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four treatments (10 hens per treatment, 5 replicates each), group 1 was treated as control (basal diet without any supplementation), group 2, 3 and 4 were fed diets supplemented with 300, 600 and 1200 mg quercetin/kg feed, respectively. Egg production and egg mass increased ( P ≤ 0.001) as a result of dietary sup plementation with 300 and 600 mg quercetin/kg feed, while egg weight and feed intake were not affected, but the feed conversion ratio improved. Shell thickness, Haugh unit and yolk colour score were improved","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43403711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149331/2022
Z. Yan, S. Liu, Y. Liu, M. Zheng, J. Peng, Q. Chen
. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the addition of feeding superoxide dismutase (SOD) to yellow feather broilers in the early stages of growth could affect their growth performance, antioxidant properties, digestive enzyme activity and blood biochemical indices. A total of 320 male one-day-old yellow-feather broilers were evenly divided into 5 groups of 8 replicates each, with 8 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet, and four experimental groups were fed the basal diet + 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg SOD, respectively. SOD was provided in powder form and the enzyme activity was 20 000 IU/g. Pre-feeding the basal diet for three days was followed by feeding the experimental diet for the trial period of 28 days. The results indicated that SOD significantly increased final body weight and average daily gain ( P < 0.05) and significantly decreased the feed:gain ratio ( P < 0.05) of broilers without affecting average daily feed intake ( P > 0.05). Dietary SOD increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) ( P < 0.05), reduced serum malondialdehyde ( P < 0.05) levels, and increased total SOD, catalase and GSH-Px ( P < 0.05) activities in the liver. The results demonstrated that dietary SOD supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity of broilers. However, SOD did not affect the activity of digestive enzymes (α-amylase, trypsin, lipase) in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum ( P > 0.05). In addition, SOD reduced serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase ( P < 0.05) activity, indicating reduced burden on the liver. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the addition of different SOD concentrations to the diet can enhance the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of broilers. The addition of SOD provided the optimum effect in the range of 400–800 mg/kg.
{"title":"Effects of dietary superoxide dismutase on growth performance,\u0000antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activity\u0000of yellow-feather broilers during the early breeding period (1–28d)","authors":"Z. Yan, S. Liu, Y. Liu, M. Zheng, J. Peng, Q. Chen","doi":"10.22358/jafs/149331/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/149331/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The purpose of this study was to explore whether the addition of feeding superoxide dismutase (SOD) to yellow feather broilers in the early stages of growth could affect their growth performance, antioxidant properties, digestive enzyme activity and blood biochemical indices. A total of 320 male one-day-old yellow-feather broilers were evenly divided into 5 groups of 8 replicates each, with 8 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet, and four experimental groups were fed the basal diet + 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg SOD, respectively. SOD was provided in powder form and the enzyme activity was 20 000 IU/g. Pre-feeding the basal diet for three days was followed by feeding the experimental diet for the trial period of 28 days. The results indicated that SOD significantly increased final body weight and average daily gain ( P < 0.05) and significantly decreased the feed:gain ratio ( P < 0.05) of broilers without affecting average daily feed intake ( P > 0.05). Dietary SOD increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) ( P < 0.05), reduced serum malondialdehyde ( P < 0.05) levels, and increased total SOD, catalase and GSH-Px ( P < 0.05) activities in the liver. The results demonstrated that dietary SOD supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity of broilers. However, SOD did not affect the activity of digestive enzymes (α-amylase, trypsin, lipase) in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum ( P > 0.05). In addition, SOD reduced serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase ( P < 0.05) activity, indicating reduced burden on the liver. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the addition of different SOD concentrations to the diet can enhance the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of broilers. The addition of SOD provided the optimum effect in the range of 400–800 mg/kg.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44082909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149991/2022
E. Herrera-Torres, G. Pámanes-Carrasco, E. Araiza-Rosales, F. Sánchez-Arroyo, J. Palacios-Torres, M. Murillo-Ortiz
. The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of oat hay exclusively with fermented prickly pear in developed multi-nutritional blocks (MNBs) on steer production efficiency and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Two experiments were performed: Trial 1 ( in vitro assay) evaluated in vitro fermentation parameters of three MNBs replacing oat hay (MNB0 – 0% prickly pear, MNB1 – 25% prickly pear, MNB2 – 25% fermented prickly pear). Trial 2 ( in vivo assay) evaluated the effect of MNBs on steer production performance. Both experiments were established as a completely randomized design. The values for proteins, metabolisable energy, gas production, methane and CO 2 were higher in MNB2 ( P < 0.05) group. Total and individual volatile fatty acids differed between experimental MNBs groups ( P < 0.05). Mean body weight and mean live-weight gain of steers were increased with MNB supplementation in T2 group by 12 and 37%, respectively. Dry matter digestibility was higher ( P < 0.05), but methane and CO 2 production in the rumen decreased with MNB supplementation ( P < 0.05). Replacing 25% of oat hay with fermented prickly pear leaves increases the nutritional quality of MNB2, while improving animal production variables and reducing rumen methane emissions.
{"title":"In vitro gas production, rumen fermentation and production\u0000performance of steers fed multinutritional prickly pear blocks","authors":"E. Herrera-Torres, G. Pámanes-Carrasco, E. Araiza-Rosales, F. Sánchez-Arroyo, J. Palacios-Torres, M. Murillo-Ortiz","doi":"10.22358/jafs/149991/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/149991/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of oat hay exclusively with fermented prickly pear in developed multi-nutritional blocks (MNBs) on steer production efficiency and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Two experiments were performed: Trial 1 ( in vitro assay) evaluated in vitro fermentation parameters of three MNBs replacing oat hay (MNB0 – 0% prickly pear, MNB1 – 25% prickly pear, MNB2 – 25% fermented prickly pear). Trial 2 ( in vivo assay) evaluated the effect of MNBs on steer production performance. Both experiments were established as a completely randomized design. The values for proteins, metabolisable energy, gas production, methane and CO 2 were higher in MNB2 ( P < 0.05) group. Total and individual volatile fatty acids differed between experimental MNBs groups ( P < 0.05). Mean body weight and mean live-weight gain of steers were increased with MNB supplementation in T2 group by 12 and 37%, respectively. Dry matter digestibility was higher ( P < 0.05), but methane and CO 2 production in the rumen decreased with MNB supplementation ( P < 0.05). Replacing 25% of oat hay with fermented prickly pear leaves increases the nutritional quality of MNB2, while improving animal production variables and reducing rumen methane emissions.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41983521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149656/2022
M. Kasprowicz-Potocka, P. Gulewicz, A. Zaworska-Zakrzewska
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of legume seeds for human and animal nutrition for various reasons. Independence from the import of genetically modified soybean products, feed quality and price play an important role in animal nutrition (Święcicki et al., 2020). Legume seeds are a rich source of nutrients for humans, thus their consumption prevents various diseases of civilization, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and overweight (Conti et al., 2021). Legumes can fix atmospheric nitrogen, improve soil physical condition, require lower energy input (Rubiales and Mikic, 2015) and perfectly complement crop rotation. It is well known that legumes also contain antinutrients (Gulewicz et al., 2014), such as trypsin inhibitors, lectins, phytic acid, tannins, quinolizidine alkaloids, saponins, and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). They have a diverse structure, and their activity and concentration in seeds are species-specific. Chemically, these compounds are sucrose homologues with (1→6) glycosidic linkages of galactose molecules. RFOs perform critical physiological functions. They increase drought and low temperature resistance, are responsible for respiration during germination, and extend the shelf life of legumes (Gu et al., 2018). Although RFOs are considered antinutrients for animals (Banti, 2021), recently these compounds have been recognized as functional substances with ABSTRACT. The interest of consumers, as well as the food and feed industry in legumes is constantly increasing. However, the use of legume seeds is limited by the fact that they contain various non-nutritive compounds such as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). On the other hand, RFO compounds are considered prebiotic substances improving health and growth of organisms. Our study consisted in the long-term monitoring of RFO contents in seeds of several legumes cultivated in Poland. The seeds of pea (25 cultivars), faba bean (5 cultivars), and lupins (41 cultivars) were harvested between 2013 and 2019, whereas soybean seeds (27 cultivars) were harvested between 2015 and 2019. The analysis showed that the content of RFOs in soybean seeds ranged from 33.75 to 69.30 mg per g dry matter (DM), 57.23 to 130.38 mg/g DM in lupin seeds – 52.03 to 80.60 mg/g DM in pea seeds, and from 32.15 to 65.17 mg/g DM in faba bean seeds. Yellow lupin seeds had the highest total RFO contents in DM, whereas faba bean and soybean seeds showed the lowest RFO contents. Stachyose was the dominant oligosaccharide in all soybean and lupin seeds, while verbascose was the dominant oligosaccharide in most pea and faba bean seeds. Some pea cultivars contained more stachyose than verbascose. Crop species, cultivar, growing environment, and processing methods determine the suitability of individual seeds for the feed and food industry. Received: 24 February 2022 Revised: 19 April 2022 Accepted: 2 May 2022
{"title":"The content of raffinose oligosaccharides in legumes\u0000and their importance for animals","authors":"M. Kasprowicz-Potocka, P. Gulewicz, A. Zaworska-Zakrzewska","doi":"10.22358/jafs/149656/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/149656/2022","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of legume seeds for human and animal nutrition for various reasons. Independence from the import of genetically modified soybean products, feed quality and price play an important role in animal nutrition (Święcicki et al., 2020). Legume seeds are a rich source of nutrients for humans, thus their consumption prevents various diseases of civilization, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and overweight (Conti et al., 2021). Legumes can fix atmospheric nitrogen, improve soil physical condition, require lower energy input (Rubiales and Mikic, 2015) and perfectly complement crop rotation. It is well known that legumes also contain antinutrients (Gulewicz et al., 2014), such as trypsin inhibitors, lectins, phytic acid, tannins, quinolizidine alkaloids, saponins, and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). They have a diverse structure, and their activity and concentration in seeds are species-specific. Chemically, these compounds are sucrose homologues with (1→6) glycosidic linkages of galactose molecules. RFOs perform critical physiological functions. They increase drought and low temperature resistance, are responsible for respiration during germination, and extend the shelf life of legumes (Gu et al., 2018). Although RFOs are considered antinutrients for animals (Banti, 2021), recently these compounds have been recognized as functional substances with ABSTRACT. The interest of consumers, as well as the food and feed industry in legumes is constantly increasing. However, the use of legume seeds is limited by the fact that they contain various non-nutritive compounds such as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). On the other hand, RFO compounds are considered prebiotic substances improving health and growth of organisms. Our study consisted in the long-term monitoring of RFO contents in seeds of several legumes cultivated in Poland. The seeds of pea (25 cultivars), faba bean (5 cultivars), and lupins (41 cultivars) were harvested between 2013 and 2019, whereas soybean seeds (27 cultivars) were harvested between 2015 and 2019. The analysis showed that the content of RFOs in soybean seeds ranged from 33.75 to 69.30 mg per g dry matter (DM), 57.23 to 130.38 mg/g DM in lupin seeds – 52.03 to 80.60 mg/g DM in pea seeds, and from 32.15 to 65.17 mg/g DM in faba bean seeds. Yellow lupin seeds had the highest total RFO contents in DM, whereas faba bean and soybean seeds showed the lowest RFO contents. Stachyose was the dominant oligosaccharide in all soybean and lupin seeds, while verbascose was the dominant oligosaccharide in most pea and faba bean seeds. Some pea cultivars contained more stachyose than verbascose. Crop species, cultivar, growing environment, and processing methods determine the suitability of individual seeds for the feed and food industry. Received: 24 February 2022 Revised: 19 April 2022 Accepted: 2 May 2022","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49609883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.22358/jafs/148055/2022
I. Țăranu, D. Marin, G. Pistol, A. Untea, M. Vlassa, M. Filip, M. Gras, C. Rotar, A. Anghel
The ban on the use of antibiotics in feed (EC, 2006) has had a significant impact on the livestock sector, especially for pigs after weaning (Taranu et al., 2015). Consequently, it is necessary to find new sources of antimicrobial compounds, which has opened up many opportunities for animal nutrition research. The processing of plants (oilseeds, cereals, medicinal plants, etc.) for feed or food, or non-food products (e.g. oil, alcohol, kerosene, etc.) generates a wide range of by-products with significant ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of a diet containing rapeseed meal fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a new sustainable feed to reduce transient intestinal inflammation, diarrhoea and oxidative stress in piglets after weaning. In this study, 16 male post-weaning piglets, with an initial weight of 9.04 ± 0.19 kg, were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments: control and 10% fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) – 8 pigs/treatment. The experiment lasted 21 days. At the end of the trial, the animals were slaughtered and samples of blood and segments of the jejunum, ileum and colon were collected for determination of plasma biochemical, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Pig performance and diarrhoea incidence were also investigated. The results showed that the FRSM diet had no significant effect on piglet performance, weight and average daily weight gain, as well as plasma biochemical parameters. However, the number of piglets with diarrhoea was higher in the control group than in the group receiving the FRSM diet throughout the experimental period. Moreover, a decrease in TNF-α (P = 0.03) and IL-1ß (P < 0.05) cytokine levels was recorded in the colon and jejunum samples from the FRSM group. In addition, IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations were decreased (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.03, respectively) in the ileum of piglets fed FRSM, indicating the modulatory capacity of this feed in reducing weaning-associated intestinal inflammation. The FRSM diet also improved the antioxidant status and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in plasma (P = 0.022) and in the jejunum (P = 0.028) and colon (P = 0.003), suggesting the potential of fermented rapeseed meal to limit oxidative reactions. In conclusion, the present study showed that fermentation of rapeseed meal using S. cerevisiae enriched the nutrient composition and reduced the concentration of anti-nutrients (e.g. glucosinolates). Moreover, the addition of FRSM to diets of pigs after weaning improved their intestinal health status, indicating its beneficial effect. Received: 14 January 2022 Revised: 7 March 2022 Accepted: 5 April 2022
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Pub Date : 2022-05-20DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149003/2022
K. Sultan
. The current study aimed to examine the effects of Curcuma longa (CL) addition to the post-weaning lambs ration on production efficiency and carcass quality. Twenty-eight post-weaning (12–14 week old) Awassi male lambs were randomly divided into four groups of seven lambs each, with the first (T1) group fed a standard ration, and the second (T2), third (T3), and fourth (T4) group fed standard rations supplemented with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg CL powder, respectively. Treatment lasted 12 weeks. Data analysis revealed that CL supplementation improved ( P ≤ 0.05) overall body weight gain, daily body weight gain, slaughter weight, and hot and cold carcass weight compared to control. In addition, CL-treated (200 and 300 mg/kg doses) animals showed significantly increased empty body weight, dressing %, broad tail fat, and rib eye area in comparison to the control group. Regarding the physical dissection of three ribs, CL significantly enhanced three rib weight and lean % in T3 and T4 compared to other treatments. Bone percentage decreased significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) in T2 and T3, while fat percentage increased significantly in T2 and T3 compared to other treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of post-weaning lamb ration with 300 mg CL improved production traits and meat quality, as well as increased carcass weight, dressing percentage, and lean %. In addition, the fat metabolic pathway in the animal’s body was diverted towards the broad tail, leading to the production of carcasses with a minimal amount of fat desired by consumers.
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