The electrochemical stability of antimony in a water stable room temperature ionic liquid composed of 1:5 mole ratio of hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate – urea ionic liquid at 30 °C was investigated at 0.3 M antimony (III) chloride solution. The electroplating of antimony at -0.8 V showed black coating on copper substrate. The stability of this cation in this ionic liquid was studied by cyclovoltammogram. The electrodeposition was followed up by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The nanoparticles size of the metal were in the range of less than 500nm.
{"title":"Electrodeposition of Antimony from Hydrated Ammonium Aluminum Sulfate-Urea Room Temperature Ionic Liquid","authors":"H. Abood, Azal U. Ahmed","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical stability of antimony in a water stable room temperature ionic liquid composed of 1:5 mole ratio of hydrated ammonium aluminum sulfate – urea ionic liquid at 30 °C was investigated at 0.3 M antimony (III) chloride solution. The electroplating of antimony at -0.8 V showed black coating on copper substrate. The stability of this cation in this ionic liquid was studied by cyclovoltammogram. The electrodeposition was followed up by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The nanoparticles size of the metal were in the range of less than 500nm.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78363177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pure and Fe citrate doped poly (vinyl Alcohol) PVA films with different concentrations (1, 1.0, 0.0, and 2) wt% were prepared by using casting technique. Optical absorption measurements in the wavelength range 211-011 nm were studied and confirmed that PVA films have an direct band gap that decreased from 0..5 to ..54eV as the doping concentration increases to 2wt%. Optical constants such as absorption coefficient, refractive index, Extinction coefficient real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant have been studied; results show that the optical constants of the pure PVA films were increased after doping and with increasing impurity concentration. Urbach energy and optical conductivity were increases with the increasing of impurity concentration. The increase in the density of localized states Eu from 1445 to 1494eV causes an expanding in the Urbach tail and consequently decreases the energy gap.
{"title":"Optical Properties of Poly (vinyl alcohol) PVA Films Doped With Fe Citrate","authors":"Wasan A. Al-Taa’y","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Pure and Fe citrate doped poly (vinyl Alcohol) PVA films with different concentrations (1, 1.0, 0.0, and 2) wt% were prepared by using casting technique. Optical absorption measurements in the wavelength range 211-011 nm were studied and confirmed that PVA films have an direct band gap that decreased from 0..5 to ..54eV as the doping concentration increases to 2wt%. Optical constants such as absorption coefficient, refractive index, Extinction coefficient real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant have been studied; results show that the optical constants of the pure PVA films were increased after doping and with increasing impurity concentration. Urbach energy and optical conductivity were increases with the increasing of impurity concentration. The increase in the density of localized states Eu from 1445 to 1494eV causes an expanding in the Urbach tail and consequently decreases the energy gap.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"504 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77939620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous studies have been carried out on studying the effect of glass fiber and ZrO2 Nano-particles alone on the mechanical properties of PMMA, to date, no investigations were made that have studied the mechanical properties of PMMA reinforced with glass fiber and zirconium oxide together as a hybrid composite.In this research the effect of addition of glass fibers (woven and chopped) and Zirconium oxide Nano-particles (ZrO2) with different weight percent to the conventional poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been evaluated.The conventional acrylic resin was used as 2:1 powder to liquid ratio to prepare pure sample, laminate composite prepared by using woven glass fiber (8wt%, 12wt%), fiber-reinforced composite fabricated by chopped glass fiber (8wt%, 12wt%), particle-reinforced composite prepared by using ZrO2 Nano-powder (1, 2, 3) wt%, and the hybrid composite fabricated by using glass fiber as woven or chopped of the two form with ZrO2 Nano-particles. The flexural strength (F.S.) was measured by using three point-bending test. The mechanical test done in order to compare the flexural strength between pure and composite samples. The form of glass fiber with the same weight percent affects the mechanical properties values. Reinforcing PMMA with woven glass fiber and zirconium oxide increase flexural strength, while incorporation of chopped glass fiber decrease the flexural strength. Using the two materials together as a hybrid composite recorded very high raises of flexural strength values. From the results, it's possible to syntheses a denture base resin with good aesthetic and high mechanical properties from fiber and ZrO2 Nano-particles.
{"title":"The Effect of Additives on Denture Base Resin Properties","authors":"Wafaa A. Hussain, F. Hashim","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.08","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have been carried out on studying the effect of glass fiber and ZrO2 Nano-particles alone on the mechanical properties of PMMA, to date, no investigations were made that have studied the mechanical properties of PMMA reinforced with glass fiber and zirconium oxide together as a hybrid composite.In this research the effect of addition of glass fibers (woven and chopped) and Zirconium oxide Nano-particles (ZrO2) with different weight percent to the conventional poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been evaluated.The conventional acrylic resin was used as 2:1 powder to liquid ratio to prepare pure sample, laminate composite prepared by using woven glass fiber (8wt%, 12wt%), fiber-reinforced composite fabricated by chopped glass fiber (8wt%, 12wt%), particle-reinforced composite prepared by using ZrO2 Nano-powder (1, 2, 3) wt%, and the hybrid composite fabricated by using glass fiber as woven or chopped of the two form with ZrO2 Nano-particles. The flexural strength (F.S.) was measured by using three point-bending test. The mechanical test done in order to compare the flexural strength between pure and composite samples. The form of glass fiber with the same weight percent affects the mechanical properties values. Reinforcing PMMA with woven glass fiber and zirconium oxide increase flexural strength, while incorporation of chopped glass fiber decrease the flexural strength. Using the two materials together as a hybrid composite recorded very high raises of flexural strength values. From the results, it's possible to syntheses a denture base resin with good aesthetic and high mechanical properties from fiber and ZrO2 Nano-particles.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86569124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structural of image either medical or any other images is describe by their texture, thus the texture is consider as the characteristic information of the image. In this search the Computed tomography (CT) images is used, the images size are 512×512 of (12) images for different kidney cases, four for Cyst, four for Fibrosis and four for Stone case. The watershed segmentation used to segment the Cyst, Fibrosis and Stone from the healthy texture as well as, the “Local Binary Pattern” (LBP) which is a texture descriptor used for locating the Cyst, Fibrosis and stone from the rest images, finally the textural spectrum is used as statistical features, more over the geometrical features are calculated in order to describe the shape and geometry of Cyst, Fibrosis and Stone of the Kidney by finding the irregularity value. The texture features accuracy which are obtained in this search are, for the Fibrosis, the Local Binary Pattern is 89.91%, the Textural Spectrum 92.65% and Local Binary with the Textural Spectrum is 94.55%. For the Cyst texture features accuracy are, the Local Binary Pattern is 93.65%, the Textural Spectrum 94.56% and Local Binary with the Textural Spectrum is 96%. And for the Stone the texture features accuracy are, the Local Binary Pattern is 88.4%, the Textural Spectrum 91.36% and Local Binary with the Textural Spectrum is 95%. [DOI: 10.22401/JUNS.20.4.11]
{"title":"Studying the Kidney Textural Using Statistical Features and Local Binary Pattern","authors":"A. H. Ali","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"The structural of image either medical or any other images is describe by their texture, thus the texture is consider as the characteristic information of the image. In this search the Computed tomography (CT) images is used, the images size are 512×512 of (12) images for different kidney cases, four for Cyst, four for Fibrosis and four for Stone case. The watershed segmentation used to segment the Cyst, Fibrosis and Stone from the healthy texture as well as, the “Local Binary Pattern” (LBP) which is a texture descriptor used for locating the Cyst, Fibrosis and stone from the rest images, finally the textural spectrum is used as statistical features, more over the geometrical features are calculated in order to describe the shape and geometry of Cyst, Fibrosis and Stone of the Kidney by finding the irregularity value. The texture features accuracy which are obtained in this search are, for the Fibrosis, the Local Binary Pattern is 89.91%, the Textural Spectrum 92.65% and Local Binary with the Textural Spectrum is 94.55%. For the Cyst texture features accuracy are, the Local Binary Pattern is 93.65%, the Textural Spectrum 94.56% and Local Binary with the Textural Spectrum is 96%. And for the Stone the texture features accuracy are, the Local Binary Pattern is 88.4%, the Textural Spectrum 91.36% and Local Binary with the Textural Spectrum is 95%. [DOI: 10.22401/JUNS.20.4.11]","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"129 7 1","pages":"64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83900738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital forensics has become important due to the daily use of digital devices in our life, which may lead to evidence that can be useful to law enforcement in legal cases. When using cloud services, a lot of artifacts that might be useful for investigations are stored in the cloud which means that the extraction must be from cloud computers systems. So, the legacy forensics tools may not be usable or less effective due to the geographically distribution of data and legal issues among other issues. The challenges of the cloud digital forensics are discussed in this paper. Also, this paper shows the types of extracting data from cloud services that are offline and online extraction. The offline extraction is concerned with extracting data from a local device that used to access cloud services. While online data extraction is concerned with remote extraction of data from cloud services. A comparison between such two types are demonstrated from many ways according to the result of recent papers to show the situations that each type is useful in.
{"title":"Offline vs. Online Digital Forensics of Cloud-based Services","authors":"N. Hassan, Haider M. Jaber","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.20.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Digital forensics has become important due to the daily use of digital devices in our life, which may lead to evidence that can be useful to law enforcement in legal cases. When using cloud services, a lot of artifacts that might be useful for investigations are stored in the cloud which means that the extraction must be from cloud computers systems. So, the legacy forensics tools may not be usable or less effective due to the geographically distribution of data and legal issues among other issues. The challenges of the cloud digital forensics are discussed in this paper. Also, this paper shows the types of extracting data from cloud services that are offline and online extraction. The offline extraction is concerned with extracting data from a local device that used to access cloud services. While online data extraction is concerned with remote extraction of data from cloud services. A comparison between such two types are demonstrated from many ways according to the result of recent papers to show the situations that each type is useful in.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85677374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Al-Hamdani, Nawres Khalid Gabraael Al-dulyme, S. Ahmed, H. M. Basheer
The mixed ligands complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and Schiff base 1, 5-dimethyl-4-(5oxohexan-2-ylideneamino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3 (2H)-one (L) with Cr (III) , Mn (II) , Fe (II) , Co (II) , Ni (II) , Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions were prepared. The compounds have been characterized by NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectra, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N.), magnetic moment, chloride contain, atomic absorption and molar conductance. All prepared complexes were octahedral geometry. Compound structures treated theoretically using the program hyper chem. 8 in gas phase at 298°K. The compounds were also screened for their bioactive property such as antifungal and antibacterial. [DOI: 10.22401/JUNS.20.3.09]
{"title":"Preparation, Spectroscopic, Bioactive and Theoretical Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes","authors":"A. A. Al-Hamdani, Nawres Khalid Gabraael Al-dulyme, S. Ahmed, H. M. Basheer","doi":"10.22401/JUNS.20.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JUNS.20.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"The mixed ligands complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and Schiff base 1, 5-dimethyl-4-(5oxohexan-2-ylideneamino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3 (2H)-one (L) with Cr (III) , Mn (II) , Fe (II) , Co (II) , Ni (II) , Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions were prepared. The compounds have been characterized by NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectra, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N.), magnetic moment, chloride contain, atomic absorption and molar conductance. All prepared complexes were octahedral geometry. Compound structures treated theoretically using the program hyper chem. 8 in gas phase at 298°K. The compounds were also screened for their bioactive property such as antifungal and antibacterial. [DOI: 10.22401/JUNS.20.3.09]","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85015641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we introduce and study several types of K-spaces and several properties of these types are proved. Among the obtained results are the following:1-Let X be any space and Y be a K-space, then every compact map f: X Y is a closed map.2-Let X be any space and Y be an sK-space, then every compact map f: X Y is s-closed map.
{"title":"Certain Types of K-Spaces","authors":"Zahra Ismaal Salman","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we introduce and study several types of K-spaces and several properties of these types are proved. Among the obtained results are the following:1-Let X be any space and Y be a K-space, then every compact map f: X Y is a closed map.2-Let X be any space and Y be an sK-space, then every compact map f: X Y is s-closed map.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"192-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87468371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on diagnosis of volatile oil extracted from Breckland thyme plant by aqueous solvent by Reflux method. Thin layer chromatography was used to separate some active organic compounds from Breckland thyme leaves oil. (Toluene Ethyl acetate) (5:95) used in Thin layer chromatography as eluent. Results showed 6 spots, 5 spots were diagnosed by spectroscopic methods, qualitative and quantitative analytical methods gas chromatography (G.C). Results indicate that the 14 compound in A very small percentage 5 of that following compounds, Carvacrol, p-Cymene, Camphor, Thymol and α-Pinene are present in the following percent, 21.1, 10.1, 0.8, 24.77 and 19.92 respectively in Breckland thyme oil leaves and unknown compounds. Resulted showed oxalic acid is product of Breckland thyme leaves was study. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.20.3.06]
{"title":"Diagnosis of Some Active Organic Compounds and Study their Oxidation Reaction in Thyme Plant Leaves.","authors":"Qotebh Fadel, S. Mohammed, F. Hussein","doi":"10.22401/JUNS.20.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JUNS.20.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on diagnosis of volatile oil extracted from Breckland thyme plant by aqueous solvent by Reflux method. Thin layer chromatography was used to separate some active organic compounds from Breckland thyme leaves oil. (Toluene Ethyl acetate) (5:95) used in Thin layer chromatography as eluent. Results showed 6 spots, 5 spots were diagnosed by spectroscopic methods, qualitative and quantitative analytical methods gas chromatography (G.C). Results indicate that the 14 compound in A very small percentage 5 of that following compounds, Carvacrol, p-Cymene, Camphor, Thymol and α-Pinene are present in the following percent, 21.1, 10.1, 0.8, 24.77 and 19.92 respectively in Breckland thyme oil leaves and unknown compounds. Resulted showed oxalic acid is product of Breckland thyme leaves was study. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.20.3.06]","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83921041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of parasites in soil texture (loam) by using four techniques (salt floatation, zinc sulphate floatation, sedimentation and filter paper technique). During the period from December 2012 to May 2013, 70 soil samples were collected and analyzed from six various sites of Baghdad City such as (house garden, vicinity of house, vicinity of gutter, waste dumps, vegetable farm and hospital garden like Alyarmouk teaching hospital and Central teaching hospital of pediatric). The prevalence of soil parasites was as follows: Toxocara spp. eggs isolated by two floatation techniques (salt and zinc floatation techniques), but this parasite appeared significant in its floatation by salt floatation technique (p= 0.042), while protozoan cysts appeared highly significant in zinc floatation technique (p= 0.00001). In addition, larvae of Strongloides stercoralis showed highly significance in sedimentation and filter paper technique (p=0.0001 and p= 0.001) respectively. Furtherly, female of Strongloides stercoralis appeared significant in its isolation in sedimentation (p= 0.0463), Ascaris lumbricoides (ova) showed highly significant in sedimentation technique (p= 0.0043). These results concluded that the Toxocara spp. eggs more prevelant than other parasites in soil samples, and the soil may play an important role in transmission of zoonotic parasite diseases to human. In addition, the control of high population of animals such as stray dogs and cats is necessary to reduce the distribution of parasites.
{"title":"Isolation and Diagnosis of Parasites from Different Soils in Baghdad City","authors":"Maisam Balasim Al-Khamesi","doi":"10.22401/JNUS.17.3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.17.3.21","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of parasites in soil texture (loam) by using four techniques (salt floatation, zinc sulphate floatation, sedimentation and filter paper technique). During the period from December 2012 to May 2013, 70 soil samples were collected and analyzed from six various sites of Baghdad City such as (house garden, vicinity of house, vicinity of gutter, waste dumps, vegetable farm and hospital garden like Alyarmouk teaching hospital and Central teaching hospital of pediatric). The prevalence of soil parasites was as follows: Toxocara spp. eggs isolated by two floatation techniques (salt and zinc floatation techniques), but this parasite appeared significant in its floatation by salt floatation technique (p= 0.042), while protozoan cysts appeared highly significant in zinc floatation technique (p= 0.00001). In addition, larvae of Strongloides stercoralis showed highly significance in sedimentation and filter paper technique (p=0.0001 and p= 0.001) respectively. Furtherly, female of Strongloides stercoralis appeared significant in its isolation in sedimentation (p= 0.0463), Ascaris lumbricoides (ova) showed highly significant in sedimentation technique (p= 0.0043). These results concluded that the Toxocara spp. eggs more prevelant than other parasites in soil samples, and the soil may play an important role in transmission of zoonotic parasite diseases to human. In addition, the control of high population of animals such as stray dogs and cats is necessary to reduce the distribution of parasites.","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83242831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruba F. Al beea, H. S. Abbas, Rawa M. M Taqi, D. A. Abdulabbas, Marwa A Abed
Three simple, inexpensive and nontoxic spectrophotometric methods have been used for determination folic acid in pure and market formulation tablets. Linearity was founded in the range 620 mg.l -1 for the all three methods, the detection limits was found to be 0.261 for zero order method, 0.006 for AUC method and 3.800 for first derivative method. The RSD% was found to be less than 0.856 indicating a good accuracy and precision of three proposed methods. The results of zero order, AUC and first derivative methods were statistically compared with those obtained by the official standard method using the F-test and t-test and found to be a good agreement. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.20.3.07] Keyword: folic acid, zero order, AUC, first derivative, spectrophotometric. Introduction Folic acid(FA) as in fig.1 is an organic compound as a part of the vitamin B complex [1] , FA is formed by the some plants, microorganisms and FA can also be found in human and animals body like liver and bone morrow [2] . There are many methods are used for the estimation folic acid including; determination FA in fruits, vegetable, cereal and pharmaceuticals tables by HPLC method [3-7] , FTIR spectroscopy [8] , capillary electrophoresis (CE) [9] , spectrophotometric [10,11] , Gold nano partical [12] , chemiluminescence [13] voltammetric [14] and flow injection [15] . The aim of this study is developed a direct , sensitive and economic spectrophotometric method to estimation folic acid in pharmaceuticals tablets in Iraqi markets. Fig.(1): Foilc acid chemical structure. Material and Method Preparation of standard solutions 1. 0.05 gm of pure folic acid (M.Wt=441.404 gm.mol -1 ) was a gift from the state company for the drug industry Samara-Iraq (SDI), Folic acid was dissolved in 50 ml distilled water to obtain stock solution 1000 mg.l -1 , then was transferred 5 ml from stock solution to 50 ml volumetric flask and completed to the mark with distilled water to obtained concretions equal to 100 mg.l -1 . 2. Series of standard solution were prepared using different volumes (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 ml) from 100 mg.l -1 solution and diluted to 50 ml with distilled water to obtained concretions of pure folic acid equal to (6, 10, 14, 18 and 20 mg.l -1 ). 3. Assay of market sample preparations: ten tablets of folic acid (5 mg, Actavis Barnstaple, Ex 328NS, US) were weighed and ground into a powder, the tablets powder 0.01 gm of folic acid market sample weighed and dissolved in distilled water and transferred to 100 ml volumetric flask to obtain concentration equal to 100 mg.l -1 ; then was transferred (6 and 10 ml) from folic acid market sample 100 mg.l -1 to 50 ml volumetric flask and
{"title":"Estimation of the Folic Acid Using Zero Order, Area Under Curve and First Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods in Pure and Marketed Tablet Formulations","authors":"Ruba F. Al beea, H. S. Abbas, Rawa M. M Taqi, D. A. Abdulabbas, Marwa A Abed","doi":"10.22401/JUNS.20.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/JUNS.20.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Three simple, inexpensive and nontoxic spectrophotometric methods have been used for determination folic acid in pure and market formulation tablets. Linearity was founded in the range 620 mg.l -1 for the all three methods, the detection limits was found to be 0.261 for zero order method, 0.006 for AUC method and 3.800 for first derivative method. The RSD% was found to be less than 0.856 indicating a good accuracy and precision of three proposed methods. The results of zero order, AUC and first derivative methods were statistically compared with those obtained by the official standard method using the F-test and t-test and found to be a good agreement. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.20.3.07] Keyword: folic acid, zero order, AUC, first derivative, spectrophotometric. Introduction Folic acid(FA) as in fig.1 is an organic compound as a part of the vitamin B complex [1] , FA is formed by the some plants, microorganisms and FA can also be found in human and animals body like liver and bone morrow [2] . There are many methods are used for the estimation folic acid including; determination FA in fruits, vegetable, cereal and pharmaceuticals tables by HPLC method [3-7] , FTIR spectroscopy [8] , capillary electrophoresis (CE) [9] , spectrophotometric [10,11] , Gold nano partical [12] , chemiluminescence [13] voltammetric [14] and flow injection [15] . The aim of this study is developed a direct , sensitive and economic spectrophotometric method to estimation folic acid in pharmaceuticals tablets in Iraqi markets. Fig.(1): Foilc acid chemical structure. Material and Method Preparation of standard solutions 1. 0.05 gm of pure folic acid (M.Wt=441.404 gm.mol -1 ) was a gift from the state company for the drug industry Samara-Iraq (SDI), Folic acid was dissolved in 50 ml distilled water to obtain stock solution 1000 mg.l -1 , then was transferred 5 ml from stock solution to 50 ml volumetric flask and completed to the mark with distilled water to obtained concretions equal to 100 mg.l -1 . 2. Series of standard solution were prepared using different volumes (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10 ml) from 100 mg.l -1 solution and diluted to 50 ml with distilled water to obtained concretions of pure folic acid equal to (6, 10, 14, 18 and 20 mg.l -1 ). 3. Assay of market sample preparations: ten tablets of folic acid (5 mg, Actavis Barnstaple, Ex 328NS, US) were weighed and ground into a powder, the tablets powder 0.01 gm of folic acid market sample weighed and dissolved in distilled water and transferred to 100 ml volumetric flask to obtain concentration equal to 100 mg.l -1 ; then was transferred (6 and 10 ml) from folic acid market sample 100 mg.l -1 to 50 ml volumetric flask and","PeriodicalId":14922,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89499469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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