Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01164-2
Cui Mao, Wei You, Yuta Yang, Haijian Cheng, Xin Hu, Xianyong Lan, Enliang Song
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is a key epigenetic modification that can modulate gene expression and strongly affect mammalian developmental processes. However, the genome-wide methylation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and its implications for the development of skeletal muscle remain poorly understood. Bovine skeletal muscle samples from five developmental stages were analyzed in this study to establish lncRNA methylome and transcriptomic maps. Globally, 59.67% of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle with m6A modifications, and this percentage decreased progressively during development. lncRNA expression levels were positively associated with the number of m6A peaks, with lncRNAs possessing 3 or more peaks showing significantly higher expression levels than those with 1 or 2 peaks. Specific lncRNAs involved in skeletal muscle development were identified through two analytical approaches. The first approach employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of transcriptomic data to identify correlations between annotated lncRNAs and growth-related traits, resulting in 21 candidate hub lncRNAs. The intersection of these 21 hub lncRNAs with 151 differentially methylated lncRNAs (DM-lncRNAs) identified 10 shared candidate lncRNAs. The second approach integrated MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data to identify 36 lncRNAs that were both differentially m6A modified and differentially expressed (dme-lncRNAs). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of cis-target genes associated with these dme-lncRNAs identified eight candidate lncRNAs. Combining the results from the two approaches identified 16 key m6A-modified lncRNAs likely involved in skeletal muscle development. These findings highlight the regulatory and functional significance of dynamic lncRNA methylation in skeletal muscle development.
{"title":"Comprehensive characterization of lncRNA N6-methyladenosine modification dynamics throughout bovine skeletal muscle development","authors":"Cui Mao, Wei You, Yuta Yang, Haijian Cheng, Xin Hu, Xianyong Lan, Enliang Song","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01164-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01164-2","url":null,"abstract":"N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is a key epigenetic modification that can modulate gene expression and strongly affect mammalian developmental processes. However, the genome-wide methylation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and its implications for the development of skeletal muscle remain poorly understood. Bovine skeletal muscle samples from five developmental stages were analyzed in this study to establish lncRNA methylome and transcriptomic maps. Globally, 59.67% of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle with m6A modifications, and this percentage decreased progressively during development. lncRNA expression levels were positively associated with the number of m6A peaks, with lncRNAs possessing 3 or more peaks showing significantly higher expression levels than those with 1 or 2 peaks. Specific lncRNAs involved in skeletal muscle development were identified through two analytical approaches. The first approach employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of transcriptomic data to identify correlations between annotated lncRNAs and growth-related traits, resulting in 21 candidate hub lncRNAs. The intersection of these 21 hub lncRNAs with 151 differentially methylated lncRNAs (DM-lncRNAs) identified 10 shared candidate lncRNAs. The second approach integrated MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data to identify 36 lncRNAs that were both differentially m6A modified and differentially expressed (dme-lncRNAs). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of cis-target genes associated with these dme-lncRNAs identified eight candidate lncRNAs. Combining the results from the two approaches identified 16 key m6A-modified lncRNAs likely involved in skeletal muscle development. These findings highlight the regulatory and functional significance of dynamic lncRNA methylation in skeletal muscle development.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor feather growth not only affects the appearance of the organism but also decreases the feed efficiency. Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid required for feather follicle development; yet the exact mechanism involved remains insufficiently understood. A total of 180 1-day-old broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 treatments: control group (0.45% Met), Met-deficiency group (0.25% Met), and Met-rescue group (0.45% Met in the pre-trial period and 0.25% Met in the post-trial period). The experimental period lasted for 56 d, with a pre-trial period of 1–28 d and a post-trial period of 29–56 d. In addition, Met-deficiency and Met-rescue models were constructed in feather follicle epidermal stem cell by controlling the supply of Met in the culture medium. Dietary Met-deficiency significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the ADG, ADFI and F/G, and inhibited feather follicle development. Met supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance and the feather growth in broilers. Met-rescue may promote feather growth in broilers by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (GSK-3β, CK1, Axin1, β-catenin, Active β-catenin, TCF4, and Cyclin D1). Compared with Met-deficiency group, Met-rescue significantly (P < 0.05) increased the activity of feather follicle epidermal stem cell and mitochondrial membrane potential, activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and decreased the content of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.05). CO-IP confirmed that mitochondrial protein PGAM5 interacted with Axin1, the scaffold protein of the disruption complex of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and directly mediated Met regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and feather follicle development. PGAM5 binding to Axin1 mediates the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and promotes feather follicle development and feather growth of broiler chickens through Met supplementation. These results provide theoretical support for the improvement of economic value and production efficiency of broiler chickens.
{"title":"Mitochondrial PGAM5 modulates methionine metabolism and feather follicle development by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in broiler chickens","authors":"Sheng Zhang, Yijun Chen, Yaxue Lv, Yuqing Feng, Chunqi Gao","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01176-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01176-y","url":null,"abstract":"Poor feather growth not only affects the appearance of the organism but also decreases the feed efficiency. Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid required for feather follicle development; yet the exact mechanism involved remains insufficiently understood. A total of 180 1-day-old broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 treatments: control group (0.45% Met), Met-deficiency group (0.25% Met), and Met-rescue group (0.45% Met in the pre-trial period and 0.25% Met in the post-trial period). The experimental period lasted for 56 d, with a pre-trial period of 1–28 d and a post-trial period of 29–56 d. In addition, Met-deficiency and Met-rescue models were constructed in feather follicle epidermal stem cell by controlling the supply of Met in the culture medium. Dietary Met-deficiency significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the ADG, ADFI and F/G, and inhibited feather follicle development. Met supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance and the feather growth in broilers. Met-rescue may promote feather growth in broilers by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (GSK-3β, CK1, Axin1, β-catenin, Active β-catenin, TCF4, and Cyclin D1). Compared with Met-deficiency group, Met-rescue significantly (P < 0.05) increased the activity of feather follicle epidermal stem cell and mitochondrial membrane potential, activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and decreased the content of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.05). CO-IP confirmed that mitochondrial protein PGAM5 interacted with Axin1, the scaffold protein of the disruption complex of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and directly mediated Met regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and feather follicle development. PGAM5 binding to Axin1 mediates the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and promotes feather follicle development and feather growth of broiler chickens through Met supplementation. These results provide theoretical support for the improvement of economic value and production efficiency of broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01152-6
Xueqin Liu, Siyuan Mi, Gerile Dari, Siqian Chen, Jiuzhou Song, David E. MacHugh, Ying Yu
Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most intractable problems for the dairy industry, causing significantly reduced milk yields and early slaughter of cows worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and studies in recent years have shown the importance of miRNA-associated gene regulation in S. aureus-induced mastitis. In this study, to investigate the role of miR-223 in mastitis, we performed experiments to overexpress and suppress miR-223 in an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) infected with S. aureus. Overexpression of miR-223 in MAC-T cells repressed cell apoptosis and necrosis induced by S. aureus infection, whereas suppression of miR-223 had the opposite effect. Transcriptome expression profiling with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) showed that miR-223 affects apoptosis and inflammation-related pathways. Furthermore, differentially expressed (DE) genes were evaluated, and genes exhibiting contrasting expression trends in the miR-223 overexpressed and suppressed groups were assessed as potential target genes of miR-223. Potential target genes, including CDC25B, PTPRF, DCTN1, and DPP9, were observed to be associated with apoptosis and necroptosis. Finally, through integrative analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and the animal quantitative trait loci (QTL) database, we determined that target genes of miR-223 were significantly enriched in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and QTLs related to somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis. In summary, miR-223 has an inhibitory effect on S. aureus-induced cell apoptosis and necrosis by regulating PTPRF, DCTN1, and DPP9. These genes were significantly enriched in QTL regions associated with bovine mastitis resistance, underscoring their relevance in genetic regulation of disease resilience. Our findings provide critical genetic markers for enhancing mastitis resistance, particularly S. aureus-induced mastitis, through selective breeding. This work offers valuable insights for developing cattle with improved resistance to mastitis via targeted genetic selection.
{"title":"Functional validation to explore the protective role of miR-223 in Staphylococcus aureus-induced bovine mastitis","authors":"Xueqin Liu, Siyuan Mi, Gerile Dari, Siqian Chen, Jiuzhou Song, David E. MacHugh, Ying Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01152-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01152-6","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most intractable problems for the dairy industry, causing significantly reduced milk yields and early slaughter of cows worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and studies in recent years have shown the importance of miRNA-associated gene regulation in S. aureus-induced mastitis. In this study, to investigate the role of miR-223 in mastitis, we performed experiments to overexpress and suppress miR-223 in an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) infected with S. aureus. Overexpression of miR-223 in MAC-T cells repressed cell apoptosis and necrosis induced by S. aureus infection, whereas suppression of miR-223 had the opposite effect. Transcriptome expression profiling with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) showed that miR-223 affects apoptosis and inflammation-related pathways. Furthermore, differentially expressed (DE) genes were evaluated, and genes exhibiting contrasting expression trends in the miR-223 overexpressed and suppressed groups were assessed as potential target genes of miR-223. Potential target genes, including CDC25B, PTPRF, DCTN1, and DPP9, were observed to be associated with apoptosis and necroptosis. Finally, through integrative analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and the animal quantitative trait loci (QTL) database, we determined that target genes of miR-223 were significantly enriched in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and QTLs related to somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis. In summary, miR-223 has an inhibitory effect on S. aureus-induced cell apoptosis and necrosis by regulating PTPRF, DCTN1, and DPP9. These genes were significantly enriched in QTL regions associated with bovine mastitis resistance, underscoring their relevance in genetic regulation of disease resilience. Our findings provide critical genetic markers for enhancing mastitis resistance, particularly S. aureus-induced mastitis, through selective breeding. This work offers valuable insights for developing cattle with improved resistance to mastitis via targeted genetic selection.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01155-3
Sara Pegolo, Vittoria Bisutti, Lucio Flavio Macedo Mota, Alessio Cecchinato, Nicolò Amalfitano, Maria Luisa Dettori, Michele Pazzola, Giuseppe Massimo Vacca, Giovanni Bittante
Goat breeds in the Alpine area and Mediterranean basin exhibit a unique genetic heritage shaped by centuries of selection and adaptability to harsh environments. Understanding their adaptive traits can aid breeding programs target enhanced resilience and productivity, especially as we are facing important climate and agriculture challenges. To this aim the genomic architecture of 480 goats belonging to five breeds (i.e., Saanen [SAA], Camosciata delle Alpi [CAM], Murciano-Granadina [MUR], Maltese [MAL], Sarda [SAR]) reared in the Sardinia Island were genotyped and their genomic architecture evaluated to find molecular basis of adaptive traits. Inbreeding, runs of homozygosity (ROH) and runs of heterozygosity (ROHet) were identified. Finally, candidate genes in the ROH and ROHet regions were explored through a pathway analysis to assess their molecular role. In total, we detected 10,341 ROH in the SAA genome, 11,063 ROH in the CAM genome, 12,250 ROH in the MUR genome, 8,939 ROH in the MAL genome, and 18,441 ROH in the SAR genome. Moreover, we identified 4,087 ROHet for SAA, 3,360 for CAM, 2,927 for MUR, 3,701 for MAL, and 3,576 for SAR, with SAR having the highest heterozygosity coefficient. Interestingly, when computing the inbreeding coefficient using homozygous segment (FROH), SAA showed the lowest value while MAL the highest one, suggesting the need to improve selecting strategies to preserve genetic diversity within the population. Among the most significant candidate genes, we identified several ones linked to different physiological functions, such as milk production (e.g., DGAT1, B4GALT1), immunity (GABARAP, GPS2) and adaptation to environment (e.g., GJA3, GJB2 and GJB6). This study highlighted the genetic diversity within and among five goat breeds. The high levels of ROH identified in some breeds might indicate high levels of inbreeding and a lack in genetic variation, which might negatively impact the animal population. Conversely, high levels of ROHet might indicate regions of the genetic diversity, beneficial for breed health and resilience. Therefore, these findings could aid breeding programs in managing inbreeding and preserving genetic diversity.
{"title":"Genome-wide landscape of genetic diversity, runs of homozygosity, and runs of heterozygosity in five Alpine and Mediterranean goat breeds","authors":"Sara Pegolo, Vittoria Bisutti, Lucio Flavio Macedo Mota, Alessio Cecchinato, Nicolò Amalfitano, Maria Luisa Dettori, Michele Pazzola, Giuseppe Massimo Vacca, Giovanni Bittante","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01155-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01155-3","url":null,"abstract":"Goat breeds in the Alpine area and Mediterranean basin exhibit a unique genetic heritage shaped by centuries of selection and adaptability to harsh environments. Understanding their adaptive traits can aid breeding programs target enhanced resilience and productivity, especially as we are facing important climate and agriculture challenges. To this aim the genomic architecture of 480 goats belonging to five breeds (i.e., Saanen [SAA], Camosciata delle Alpi [CAM], Murciano-Granadina [MUR], Maltese [MAL], Sarda [SAR]) reared in the Sardinia Island were genotyped and their genomic architecture evaluated to find molecular basis of adaptive traits. Inbreeding, runs of homozygosity (ROH) and runs of heterozygosity (ROHet) were identified. Finally, candidate genes in the ROH and ROHet regions were explored through a pathway analysis to assess their molecular role. In total, we detected 10,341 ROH in the SAA genome, 11,063 ROH in the CAM genome, 12,250 ROH in the MUR genome, 8,939 ROH in the MAL genome, and 18,441 ROH in the SAR genome. Moreover, we identified 4,087 ROHet for SAA, 3,360 for CAM, 2,927 for MUR, 3,701 for MAL, and 3,576 for SAR, with SAR having the highest heterozygosity coefficient. Interestingly, when computing the inbreeding coefficient using homozygous segment (FROH), SAA showed the lowest value while MAL the highest one, suggesting the need to improve selecting strategies to preserve genetic diversity within the population. Among the most significant candidate genes, we identified several ones linked to different physiological functions, such as milk production (e.g., DGAT1, B4GALT1), immunity (GABARAP, GPS2) and adaptation to environment (e.g., GJA3, GJB2 and GJB6). This study highlighted the genetic diversity within and among five goat breeds. The high levels of ROH identified in some breeds might indicate high levels of inbreeding and a lack in genetic variation, which might negatively impact the animal population. Conversely, high levels of ROHet might indicate regions of the genetic diversity, beneficial for breed health and resilience. Therefore, these findings could aid breeding programs in managing inbreeding and preserving genetic diversity.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01162-4
Tao Liu, Jingyi Xu, Xiaodong Chen, Jianrong Ren, Jinhui He, Yue Wang, Yangchun Cao, Le Luo Guan, Junhu Yao, Shengru Wu
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health, but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing requirements. This study explores the potential of the buccal (oral) microbiome as a diagnostic indicator for SARA, hypothesizing an interaction with the rumen microbiome. The study involved 47 dairy goats, including 11 on a control diet and 36 on high-concentrate diets with increasing rumen-degradable starch. Animals were grouped based on dietary exposure and ruminal pH: Control, Low-RDS Tolerance/SARA (LRDST/LRDSS), and High-RDS Tolerance/SARA (HRDST/HRDSS). Transcriptomics of rumen epithelium showed heightened inflammatory pathway gene expression in SARA-susceptible goats compared to controls and tolerant groups. Alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria showed lower Shannon diversity in HRDSS goats compared to HRDST whereas buccal bacteria displayed significantly lower Chao1 diversity in LRDSS goats compared to HRDST. Beta diversity analyses revealed distinct patterns between SARA-affected goats and healthy controls in both ruminal and buccal microbiomes. Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 emerged as a candidate biomarker, with reduced abundance in SARA-susceptible goats in both rumen and buccal samples. Machine learning classifiers achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SARA-susceptible goats using this genus (rumen AUC = 0.807; buccal AUC = 0.779). Source tracking analysis illustrated diminished cross-population of bacteria from the buccal to rumen (2.86% to 0.25%) and vice versa (8.59% to 1.17%), signifying compromised microbial interchange in SARA-affected goats. A microbiota transplant experiment verified SARA microbiota's ability to induce pH decline, escalate inflammation-related gene expression (MAPK10, IL17B, FOSB, SPP1), disrupt microbial transfer, and reduce Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in recipients. Our findings highlight SARA’s dual impact on ruminal and buccal microbiota, exacerbating epithelial inflammation gene expression. Shifts in the buccal microbiome, specifically reductions in Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, mirror ruminal changes and can be influenced by inter-compartmental bacterial transmission, thereby offering a non-invasive diagnostic approach for SARA.
亚急性瘤胃酸中毒（SARA）是反刍动物常见的代谢紊乱疾病，会破坏瘤胃微生物群和动物健康，但由于症状不明显且需要进行侵入性检测，因此诊断具有挑战性。本研究探讨了口腔微生物组作为 SARA 诊断指标的潜力，并假设其与瘤胃微生物组之间存在相互作用。这项研究涉及 47 只奶山羊，包括 11 只食用对照组日粮的奶山羊和 36 只食用高浓缩日粮并增加瘤胃可降解淀粉的奶山羊。根据日粮暴露量和瘤胃 pH 值对动物进行分组：对照组、低瘤胃可降解淀粉耐受性/SARA（LRDST/LRDSS）组和高瘤胃可降解淀粉耐受性/SARA（HRDST/HRDSS）组。瘤胃上皮细胞的转录组学显示，与对照组和耐受组相比，SARA 易感山羊的炎症通路基因表达增加。与HRDST相比，HRDSS山羊的瘤胃细菌α多样性显示出较低的Shannon多样性，而与HRDST相比，LRDSS山羊的颊细菌显示出显著较低的Chao1多样性。Beta 多样性分析表明，受 SARA 影响的山羊与健康对照组的瘤胃和口腔微生物组之间存在不同的模式。Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 成为候选生物标志物，在瘤胃和口腔样本中，SARA 易感山羊的丰度都有所降低。机器学习分类器利用该菌属区分 SARA 易感山羊的准确率很高（瘤胃 AUC = 0.807；口腔 AUC = 0.779）。菌源追踪分析表明，从颊囊到瘤胃（2.86% 到 0.25%）以及从颊囊到瘤胃（8.59% 到 1.17%）的细菌交叉种群减少，这表明受 SARA 影响的山羊体内的微生物交换受到了影响。微生物群移植实验验证了 SARA 微生物群能够诱导 pH 值下降，增加炎症相关基因的表达（MAPK10、IL17B、FOSB、SPP1），破坏微生物转移，并减少受体中的 Prevotellaceae_UCG-003。我们的研究结果突显了 SARA 对瘤胃和口腔微生物群的双重影响，加剧了上皮炎症基因的表达。口腔微生物群的变化，特别是Prevotellaceae_UCG-003的减少，反映了瘤胃的变化，并可能受腔间细菌传播的影响，从而为SARA提供了一种非侵入性诊断方法。
{"title":"Ruminal-buccal microbiota transmission and their diagnostic roles in subacute rumen acidosis in dairy goats","authors":"Tao Liu, Jingyi Xu, Xiaodong Chen, Jianrong Ren, Jinhui He, Yue Wang, Yangchun Cao, Le Luo Guan, Junhu Yao, Shengru Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01162-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01162-4","url":null,"abstract":"Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health, but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing requirements. This study explores the potential of the buccal (oral) microbiome as a diagnostic indicator for SARA, hypothesizing an interaction with the rumen microbiome. The study involved 47 dairy goats, including 11 on a control diet and 36 on high-concentrate diets with increasing rumen-degradable starch. Animals were grouped based on dietary exposure and ruminal pH: Control, Low-RDS Tolerance/SARA (LRDST/LRDSS), and High-RDS Tolerance/SARA (HRDST/HRDSS). Transcriptomics of rumen epithelium showed heightened inflammatory pathway gene expression in SARA-susceptible goats compared to controls and tolerant groups. Alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria showed lower Shannon diversity in HRDSS goats compared to HRDST whereas buccal bacteria displayed significantly lower Chao1 diversity in LRDSS goats compared to HRDST. Beta diversity analyses revealed distinct patterns between SARA-affected goats and healthy controls in both ruminal and buccal microbiomes. Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 emerged as a candidate biomarker, with reduced abundance in SARA-susceptible goats in both rumen and buccal samples. Machine learning classifiers achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SARA-susceptible goats using this genus (rumen AUC = 0.807; buccal AUC = 0.779). Source tracking analysis illustrated diminished cross-population of bacteria from the buccal to rumen (2.86% to 0.25%) and vice versa (8.59% to 1.17%), signifying compromised microbial interchange in SARA-affected goats. A microbiota transplant experiment verified SARA microbiota's ability to induce pH decline, escalate inflammation-related gene expression (MAPK10, IL17B, FOSB, SPP1), disrupt microbial transfer, and reduce Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in recipients. Our findings highlight SARA’s dual impact on ruminal and buccal microbiota, exacerbating epithelial inflammation gene expression. Shifts in the buccal microbiome, specifically reductions in Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, mirror ruminal changes and can be influenced by inter-compartmental bacterial transmission, thereby offering a non-invasive diagnostic approach for SARA.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01166-0
Arianna N. Lopez, Maddison A. Olivarez, Claire Stenhouse, Robyn M. Moses, Makenzie G. Newton, Nirvay Sah, Heewon Seo, Joseph Cain, Carli Lefevre, Alexandria Ross, Patrick Ryan, Jeffrey G. Wiegert, Guoyao Wu, Gregory A. Johnson, Fuller W. Bazer
The creatine-creatine kinase-phosphocreatine (Cr-CK-PCr) system maintains intracellular ratios of ATP/ADP for support of cellular functions and has been characterized at the placental-uterine interface of rodents, primates, swine and sheep, and thus may support fetal development. This study determined effects of dietary supplementation of creatine (Cr) to gestating gilts on fetal development, the number and ratio of primary and secondary muscle fibers, and on protein expression in endometrium and fetal biceps-femoris muscle, respectively in fetal pigs on d 60 and d 90 of gestation. Reproductively mature gilts were synchronized to estrus using Matrix, observed for estrus (d 0), and artificially inseminated 12 h and 36 h later. Gilts were individually housed and fed 0.86 kg of 14% crude protein diet twice daily that meets nutritional requirements for pregnant gilts. Gilts were assigned to either basal diet control (CON) group, or Cr supplemented group (provided 30 g Cr monohydrate daily) from d 10 to either d 60 or d 90 of gestation. Gilts were euthanized and hysterectomized on either d 60 or d 90 of gestation. These protocols were completed in two replicates, as gilts were bred in spring and euthanized in summer or bred in fall and euthanized in winter (n = 20 gilts/replicate). Litter size, crown-rump length, sex, and fetal weight was recorded. Three female and male fetuses closest to mean litter weight were selected to assess effects of treatment on weight of fetal brain, kidney, liver, spleen, and biceps-femoris muscle. Data were analyzed to determine effects of treatment, days of gestation, replicate, and sex on litter size, fetal measurements, and incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. Dietary Cr supplementation increased fetal brain weight to body weight ratios on d 90 of gestation (P < 0.05) and fetal kidney weight to body weight ratios on d 60 of gestation (P < 0.01), while days of gestation had significant effect on expression of mitochondrial CK isoform in gilt endometria (P $$<$$ 0.05). Results suggest that dietary supplementation of Cr in gestating gilts enhanced development of select fetal organs and contribute to understanding roles of the Cr-CK-PCr system in pregnancy.
{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of creatine on fetal development in gilts at d 60 and d 90 of gestation","authors":"Arianna N. Lopez, Maddison A. Olivarez, Claire Stenhouse, Robyn M. Moses, Makenzie G. Newton, Nirvay Sah, Heewon Seo, Joseph Cain, Carli Lefevre, Alexandria Ross, Patrick Ryan, Jeffrey G. Wiegert, Guoyao Wu, Gregory A. Johnson, Fuller W. Bazer","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01166-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01166-0","url":null,"abstract":"The creatine-creatine kinase-phosphocreatine (Cr-CK-PCr) system maintains intracellular ratios of ATP/ADP for support of cellular functions and has been characterized at the placental-uterine interface of rodents, primates, swine and sheep, and thus may support fetal development. This study determined effects of dietary supplementation of creatine (Cr) to gestating gilts on fetal development, the number and ratio of primary and secondary muscle fibers, and on protein expression in endometrium and fetal biceps-femoris muscle, respectively in fetal pigs on d 60 and d 90 of gestation. Reproductively mature gilts were synchronized to estrus using Matrix, observed for estrus (d 0), and artificially inseminated 12 h and 36 h later. Gilts were individually housed and fed 0.86 kg of 14% crude protein diet twice daily that meets nutritional requirements for pregnant gilts. Gilts were assigned to either basal diet control (CON) group, or Cr supplemented group (provided 30 g Cr monohydrate daily) from d 10 to either d 60 or d 90 of gestation. Gilts were euthanized and hysterectomized on either d 60 or d 90 of gestation. These protocols were completed in two replicates, as gilts were bred in spring and euthanized in summer or bred in fall and euthanized in winter (n = 20 gilts/replicate). Litter size, crown-rump length, sex, and fetal weight was recorded. Three female and male fetuses closest to mean litter weight were selected to assess effects of treatment on weight of fetal brain, kidney, liver, spleen, and biceps-femoris muscle. Data were analyzed to determine effects of treatment, days of gestation, replicate, and sex on litter size, fetal measurements, and incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. Dietary Cr supplementation increased fetal brain weight to body weight ratios on d 90 of gestation (P < 0.05) and fetal kidney weight to body weight ratios on d 60 of gestation (P < 0.01), while days of gestation had significant effect on expression of mitochondrial CK isoform in gilt endometria (P $$<$$ 0.05). Results suggest that dietary supplementation of Cr in gestating gilts enhanced development of select fetal organs and contribute to understanding roles of the Cr-CK-PCr system in pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01167-z
Jing Yuan, Kolapo M. Ajuwon, Olayiwola Adeola
Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile. Nonetheless, its potential to mitigate coccidia infection in broilers remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partially defatted BSFLM (pBSFLM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health, focusing on morphology, immunology, and cecal fermentation in coccidia-infected broilers. Over the initial 13 d, 480 newly-hatched Cobb 500 male birds were allocated to three diets with increasing pBSFLM concentrations (0, 60, or 120 g/kg). At d 13 post hatching, chicks within each dietary group were further allotted to non-challenge or challenge subsets, generating six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Challenged birds were orally administered oocysts of E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella (25,000:125,000:25,000). During the infection phase (d 13 to 19), linear interactions between Eimeria and pBSFLM were observed in gain to feed ratio (G:F) (P < 0.05) and cecal interferon-γ (IFN-γ, P < 0.05), with a tendency in cecal acetate concentration (P = 0.06). A quadratic interaction was observed in crypt depth (CD, P < 0.05). Incremental pBSFLM inclusion negatively affected G:F, CD, IFN-γ, and acetate productions in the ceca under coccidia challenge. Conversely in non-challenged birds, the impact of pBSFLM varied from neutral (e.g. G:F) to potentially advantageous (e.g. acetate). Challenged birds exhibited decreased (P < 0.01) BW, BW gain, feed intake (FI), and the apparent ileal digestibility and total tract nutrient utilization of DM, gross energy, and nitrogen (N). Eimeria challenge reduced (P < 0.01) serum carotenoid concentrations, decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD, P < 0.01), and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, specifically isobutyrate (P = 0.059) and isovalerate (P < 0.05) in the cecum. Dietary pBSFLM addition linearly reduced (P < 0.05) BW, FI, and N utilization. Tendencies (P < 0.06) were observed where pBSFLM linearly decreased VH:CD and reduced goblet cell density. Increasing pBSFLM supplementation, particularly at 12%, adversely affected growth, ileal morphology, cecal acetate production, and downregulated key cytokine expression in response to coccidia infection.
{"title":"Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations","authors":"Jing Yuan, Kolapo M. Ajuwon, Olayiwola Adeola","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01167-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01167-z","url":null,"abstract":"Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile. Nonetheless, its potential to mitigate coccidia infection in broilers remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partially defatted BSFLM (pBSFLM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health, focusing on morphology, immunology, and cecal fermentation in coccidia-infected broilers. Over the initial 13 d, 480 newly-hatched Cobb 500 male birds were allocated to three diets with increasing pBSFLM concentrations (0, 60, or 120 g/kg). At d 13 post hatching, chicks within each dietary group were further allotted to non-challenge or challenge subsets, generating six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Challenged birds were orally administered oocysts of E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella (25,000:125,000:25,000). During the infection phase (d 13 to 19), linear interactions between Eimeria and pBSFLM were observed in gain to feed ratio (G:F) (P < 0.05) and cecal interferon-γ (IFN-γ, P < 0.05), with a tendency in cecal acetate concentration (P = 0.06). A quadratic interaction was observed in crypt depth (CD, P < 0.05). Incremental pBSFLM inclusion negatively affected G:F, CD, IFN-γ, and acetate productions in the ceca under coccidia challenge. Conversely in non-challenged birds, the impact of pBSFLM varied from neutral (e.g. G:F) to potentially advantageous (e.g. acetate). Challenged birds exhibited decreased (P < 0.01) BW, BW gain, feed intake (FI), and the apparent ileal digestibility and total tract nutrient utilization of DM, gross energy, and nitrogen (N). Eimeria challenge reduced (P < 0.01) serum carotenoid concentrations, decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD, P < 0.01), and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, specifically isobutyrate (P = 0.059) and isovalerate (P < 0.05) in the cecum. Dietary pBSFLM addition linearly reduced (P < 0.05) BW, FI, and N utilization. Tendencies (P < 0.06) were observed where pBSFLM linearly decreased VH:CD and reduced goblet cell density. Increasing pBSFLM supplementation, particularly at 12%, adversely affected growth, ileal morphology, cecal acetate production, and downregulated key cytokine expression in response to coccidia infection.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01165-1
Bei Zhou, Junjie Guo, Kan Xiao, Yulan Liu
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron overload and excessive lipid peroxidation. To date, numerous studies in human and mouse models have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to tissue damage and various diseases. In recent years, ferroptosis has also been found to play an indispensable and multifaceted role in infection and tissue injury in pigs, and nutritional regulation strategies targeting ferroptosis show great potential. In this review, we summarize the research progress of ferroptosis and its role in infection and tissue injury in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the existing evidence on ferroptosis regulation by nutrients, aiming to provide valuable insights for future investigation into ferroptosis in pigs and offer a novel perspective for the treatment of infection and injury in pigs.
{"title":"The multifaceted role of ferroptosis in infection and injury and its nutritional regulation in pigs","authors":"Bei Zhou, Junjie Guo, Kan Xiao, Yulan Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01165-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01165-1","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron overload and excessive lipid peroxidation. To date, numerous studies in human and mouse models have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to tissue damage and various diseases. In recent years, ferroptosis has also been found to play an indispensable and multifaceted role in infection and tissue injury in pigs, and nutritional regulation strategies targeting ferroptosis show great potential. In this review, we summarize the research progress of ferroptosis and its role in infection and tissue injury in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the existing evidence on ferroptosis regulation by nutrients, aiming to provide valuable insights for future investigation into ferroptosis in pigs and offer a novel perspective for the treatment of infection and injury in pigs.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01163-3
Hongfeng Jiang, Genghui Li, Xue Yang, Xiaohua Feng, Penglin Li, Huisi Yang, Demin Cai, Qingyan Jiang, Gang Shu
Intestinal oxidative stress serves as an endogenous host defense against the gut microbiota by increasing energy expenditure and therefore decreasing feed efficiency (FE). Several systems coordinately regulate redox balance, including the mitochondrial respiratory chain, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and different antioxidants. However, it remains unclear which redox balance compartments in the intestine are crucial for determining FE. In this study, we first screened the key targets of different metabolites and redox balance-related gene expression in broiler ceca. We then constructed a mouse colitis model to explore malic acid (MA) ability to alleviate intestinal inflammation. We further used controlled release technology to coat MA and investigated its effects on the intestinal redox status and FE in vivo. Finally, we examined the underlying mechanism by which MA modulated redox status using a porcine intestinal epithelial cell jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell model in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the MA/malic enzyme 3 (ME3) pathway may play an important role in reducing oxidative stress in the broiler cecum. In addition, colon infusion of MA attenuated inflammatory phenotypes in the dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced mouse colitis model. Then, dietary supplementation with controlled-release MA pellet (MAP) reduced the feed to gain (F/G) ratio and promoted chicken growth, with reduced oxidative stress and increased bacterial diversity. Finally, the in vitro IPEC-J2 cell model revealed that ME3 mediated the effect of MA on cellular oxidative stress. In summary, our study firstly revealed the important role of the MA/ME3 system in the hindgut of broiler chickens for improving intestinal health and FE, which may also be crucial for the implications of colon inflammation associated diseases.
肠道氧化应激可增加能量消耗，从而降低饲料效率（FE），是宿主抵御肠道微生物群的一种内源性防御手段。多个系统协调调节氧化还原平衡，包括线粒体呼吸链、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）氧化酶和不同的抗氧化剂。然而，目前仍不清楚肠道中哪些氧化还原平衡区段对决定 FE 至关重要。在本研究中，我们首先筛选了肉鸡盲肠中不同代谢物的关键靶点和氧化还原平衡相关基因的表达。然后，我们构建了一个小鼠结肠炎模型，以探索苹果酸（MA）缓解肠道炎症的能力。我们进一步使用控释技术包覆苹果酸，并研究了其对体内肠道氧化还原状态和 FE 的影响。最后，我们利用猪肠上皮细胞空肠 2（IPEC-J2）细胞模型在体外研究了 MA 调节氧化还原状态的基本机制。我们的研究结果表明，MA/苹果酸酶3（ME3）途径可能在降低肉鸡盲肠氧化应激方面发挥了重要作用。此外，在右旋糖酐硫酸钠盐（DSS）诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型中，结肠灌注 MA 可减轻炎症表型。然后，日粮中添加控释MA颗粒（MAP）降低了饲料与增重（F/G）比，促进了鸡的生长，减少了氧化应激，增加了细菌多样性。最后，体外 IPEC-J2 细胞模型显示 ME3 介导了 MA 对细胞氧化应激的影响。总之，我们的研究首次揭示了 MA/ME3 系统在肉鸡后肠中改善肠道健康和 FE 的重要作用，这对结肠炎相关疾病的影响也可能至关重要。
{"title":"Malic enzyme 3 mediated the effects of malic acid on intestinal redox status and feed efficiency in broilers","authors":"Hongfeng Jiang, Genghui Li, Xue Yang, Xiaohua Feng, Penglin Li, Huisi Yang, Demin Cai, Qingyan Jiang, Gang Shu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01163-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01163-3","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal oxidative stress serves as an endogenous host defense against the gut microbiota by increasing energy expenditure and therefore decreasing feed efficiency (FE). Several systems coordinately regulate redox balance, including the mitochondrial respiratory chain, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and different antioxidants. However, it remains unclear which redox balance compartments in the intestine are crucial for determining FE. In this study, we first screened the key targets of different metabolites and redox balance-related gene expression in broiler ceca. We then constructed a mouse colitis model to explore malic acid (MA) ability to alleviate intestinal inflammation. We further used controlled release technology to coat MA and investigated its effects on the intestinal redox status and FE in vivo. Finally, we examined the underlying mechanism by which MA modulated redox status using a porcine intestinal epithelial cell jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell model in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the MA/malic enzyme 3 (ME3) pathway may play an important role in reducing oxidative stress in the broiler cecum. In addition, colon infusion of MA attenuated inflammatory phenotypes in the dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced mouse colitis model. Then, dietary supplementation with controlled-release MA pellet (MAP) reduced the feed to gain (F/G) ratio and promoted chicken growth, with reduced oxidative stress and increased bacterial diversity. Finally, the in vitro IPEC-J2 cell model revealed that ME3 mediated the effect of MA on cellular oxidative stress. In summary, our study firstly revealed the important role of the MA/ME3 system in the hindgut of broiler chickens for improving intestinal health and FE, which may also be crucial for the implications of colon inflammation associated diseases.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic selenium (Se) has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues, owing to its high bioavailability, efficient tissue accumulation and minimal toxicity. Selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) is a well-established source, while selenium-enriched lactobacilli (SeL), a newer alternative, offers the added benefits of probiotics. This study examined the effects of SeY and SeL on egg quality, antioxidant capacity, Se deposition, and gut health in laying hens. After a two-week pre-treatment with a Se-deficient diet (SeD), 450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (30-week-old) were assigned into five dietary groups with six replicates of 15 hens each. The groups included a SeD, SeD supplemented with 1.5 mg Se/kg from SeY (SeY15), or 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg Se/kg from SeL (SeL15, SeL30, SeL60). The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks. SeY15 and SeL15 improved the feed-to-egg ratio (P < 0.05) in the latter stages. Haugh units were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the SeY15 and SeL30 groups, while darker yolk color (P < 0.05) was observed in the SeY15, SeL15, and SeL60 groups. All Se-supplemented diets increased Se content in whole eggs, albumen, and yolk (P < 0.05), while SeL groups showed a dose-dependent effect. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased, and MDA content decreased in the serum (P < 0.05), with SeY15 showing the highest GSH-Px levels (P < 0.05). SeL60 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase, and distorted the liver architecture (P < 0.05). Se-diets reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ileum and liver (P < 0.05). SeL15 improved the ileal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). SeY15 and/or SeL15 up-regulated TXNRD1 and SEPHS1 mRNA while down-regulating SCLY expression in the liver. SeY15 altered ileal microbiota by increasing both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, whereas SeL15 predominantly boosted beneficial bacteria. SeL integrates the antioxidant properties of organic Se with the probiotic benefits on gut health, resulting in a performance-enhancing effect comparable to that of SeY. However, high SeL level (6.0 mg Se/kg) compromised productivity and metabolic functions while enhancing Se deposition.
{"title":"Comparative effects of selenium-enriched lactobacilli and selenium-enriched yeast on performance, egg selenium enrichment, antioxidant capacity, and ileal microbiota in laying hens","authors":"Jianmin Zhou, Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Longfei Zhang, Yongli Liu, Haijun Zhang, Kai Qiu, Jing Wang, Guanghai Qi, Shugeng Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01160-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01160-6","url":null,"abstract":"Organic selenium (Se) has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues, owing to its high bioavailability, efficient tissue accumulation and minimal toxicity. Selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) is a well-established source, while selenium-enriched lactobacilli (SeL), a newer alternative, offers the added benefits of probiotics. This study examined the effects of SeY and SeL on egg quality, antioxidant capacity, Se deposition, and gut health in laying hens. After a two-week pre-treatment with a Se-deficient diet (SeD), 450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (30-week-old) were assigned into five dietary groups with six replicates of 15 hens each. The groups included a SeD, SeD supplemented with 1.5 mg Se/kg from SeY (SeY15), or 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg Se/kg from SeL (SeL15, SeL30, SeL60). The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks. SeY15 and SeL15 improved the feed-to-egg ratio (P < 0.05) in the latter stages. Haugh units were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the SeY15 and SeL30 groups, while darker yolk color (P < 0.05) was observed in the SeY15, SeL15, and SeL60 groups. All Se-supplemented diets increased Se content in whole eggs, albumen, and yolk (P < 0.05), while SeL groups showed a dose-dependent effect. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased, and MDA content decreased in the serum (P < 0.05), with SeY15 showing the highest GSH-Px levels (P < 0.05). SeL60 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase, and distorted the liver architecture (P < 0.05). Se-diets reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ileum and liver (P < 0.05). SeL15 improved the ileal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). SeY15 and/or SeL15 up-regulated TXNRD1 and SEPHS1 mRNA while down-regulating SCLY expression in the liver. SeY15 altered ileal microbiota by increasing both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, whereas SeL15 predominantly boosted beneficial bacteria. SeL integrates the antioxidant properties of organic Se with the probiotic benefits on gut health, resulting in a performance-enhancing effect comparable to that of SeY. However, high SeL level (6.0 mg Se/kg) compromised productivity and metabolic functions while enhancing Se deposition.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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