Heat stress (HS) poses a significant threat to male goat reproduction. Sertoli cells (SCs) provide both structural and nutritional support necessary for germ cells. HS induces physiological and biochemical changes in SCs. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Melatonin is a classic antioxidant that can alleviate HS-induced male reproductive damage. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which melatonin mitigates damage to goat testicular SCs remain unclear and require further investigation. In this study, an in vivo heat stress model was established in goats. The results showed that HS exposure led to testicular injury, abnormal spermatogenesis and apoptosis of SCs. To elucidate the mechanism of HS-induced SC apoptosis, primary SCs were isolated and cultured from goat testes, then exposed to HS. HS exposure increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in SCs. Additionally, HS increased the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins 1 (FIS1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) while decreasing the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusin 1 (MFN1), Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). This resulted in excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Mdivi-1 (DRP1 inhibitor) reduces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is closely related to mitophagy. HS activated upstream mitophagy but inhibited autophagic flux, disrupting mitophagy and exacerbating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Finally, the classical antioxidant melatonin was shown to reduce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs exposed to HS by decreasing ROS levels, restoring mitochondrial homeostasis, and normalizing mitophagy. In summary, these findings indicated that the mechanism of HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs is mediated by hyperactivation of the ROS-DRP1-mitochondrial fission axis and inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy. Melatonin inhibited HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers apoptosis and provides a vision for the development of drugs against HS by targeting mitochondria in goats.
{"title":"ROS-DRP1-mediated excessive mitochondrial fission and autophagic flux inhibition contribute to heat stress-induced apoptosis in goat Sertoli cells","authors":"Fei Wen, Jiajing Gao, Guoyu Zhang, Songmao Guo, Xing Zhang, Shuaiqi Han, Xianzou Feng, Xiaoxu Chen, Jianhong Hu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01180-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01180-2","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress (HS) poses a significant threat to male goat reproduction. Sertoli cells (SCs) provide both structural and nutritional support necessary for germ cells. HS induces physiological and biochemical changes in SCs. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Melatonin is a classic antioxidant that can alleviate HS-induced male reproductive damage. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which melatonin mitigates damage to goat testicular SCs remain unclear and require further investigation. In this study, an in vivo heat stress model was established in goats. The results showed that HS exposure led to testicular injury, abnormal spermatogenesis and apoptosis of SCs. To elucidate the mechanism of HS-induced SC apoptosis, primary SCs were isolated and cultured from goat testes, then exposed to HS. HS exposure increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in SCs. Additionally, HS increased the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins 1 (FIS1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) while decreasing the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mitofusin 1 (MFN1), Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). This resulted in excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Mdivi-1 (DRP1 inhibitor) reduces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is closely related to mitophagy. HS activated upstream mitophagy but inhibited autophagic flux, disrupting mitophagy and exacerbating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Finally, the classical antioxidant melatonin was shown to reduce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs exposed to HS by decreasing ROS levels, restoring mitochondrial homeostasis, and normalizing mitophagy. In summary, these findings indicated that the mechanism of HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs is mediated by hyperactivation of the ROS-DRP1-mitochondrial fission axis and inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy. Melatonin inhibited HS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in SCs by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers apoptosis and provides a vision for the development of drugs against HS by targeting mitochondria in goats. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01193-x
Chong Zhang, Yongkang Zhen, Yunan Weng, Jiaqi Lin, Xinru Xu, Jianjun Ma, Yuhong Zhong, Mengzhi Wang
Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules, such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids, and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and gene regulation. Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism and transport. Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources: dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism. These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream, through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions. Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles. First, they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract. Second, through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells—including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cell–cell interactions. Collectively, these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier. In addition, polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth, biofilm formation, swarming, and endocytosis vesicle production, etc. Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition, enhancing nutrient absorption, and improving metabolism and immunity. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells. We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis, exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications, and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases.
{"title":"Research progress on the microbial metabolism and transport of polyamines and their roles in animal gut homeostasis","authors":"Chong Zhang, Yongkang Zhen, Yunan Weng, Jiaqi Lin, Xinru Xu, Jianjun Ma, Yuhong Zhong, Mengzhi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01193-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01193-x","url":null,"abstract":"Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are aliphatic compounds ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Positively charged polyamines bind to negatively charged macromolecules, such as nucleic acids and acidic phospholipids, and are involved in physiological activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and gene regulation. Intracellular polyamine levels are regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism and transport. Polyamines in the body originate from two primary sources: dietary intake and intestinal microbial metabolism. These polyamines are then transported into the bloodstream, through which they are distributed to various tissues and organs to exert their biological functions. Polyamines synthesized by intestinal microorganisms serve dual critical roles. First, they are essential for maintaining polyamine concentrations within the digestive tract. Second, through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, these microbial-derived polyamines modulate the expression of genes governing key processes in intestinal epithelial cells—including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cell–cell interactions. Collectively, these regulatory effects help maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ensure the integrity of the gut barrier. In addition, polyamines interact with the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal homeostasis by promoting microbial growth, biofilm formation, swarming, and endocytosis vesicle production, etc. Supplementation with polyamines has been demonstrated to be important in regulating host intestinal microbial composition, enhancing nutrient absorption, and improving metabolism and immunity. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in intestinal microbes and intestinal epithelial cells. We then summarize the scientific understanding of their roles in intestinal homeostasis, exploring the advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of polyamines and their potential clinical applications, and providing a rationale for polyamine metabolism as an important target for the treatment of intestinal-based diseases. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01186-w
Keesun Yu, Inhwan Choi, Minseong Kim, Young Jin Pyung, Jin-Sun Lee, Youbin Choi, Sohyoung Won, Younghoon Kim, Byung-Chul Park, Seung Hyun Han, Tae Sub Park, Tina Sørensen Dalgaard, Cheol-Heui Yun
Despite growing concerns about the adverse effects of antibiotics in farm animals, there has been little investigation of the effects of florfenicol in laying hens. This study examined the effect of florfenicol on the intestinal homeostasis, immune system, and pathogen susceptibility of laying hens. The oral administration of florfenicol at field-relevant levels for 5 d resulted in a decrease in the gut microbiota genera Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides, indicating the development of intestinal dysbiosis. The dysbiosis led to decreased mRNA levels of key regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), compromising intestinal hypoxia. Intestinal homeostasis was also disrupted, with decreased expression of Occludin and Mucin 2 (Muc2) genes combined with increased gut epithelial permeability. The breakdown in intestinal homeostasis and immune function provided a favorable environment for opportunistic bacteria like avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), culminating in systemic infection. Immunologically, florfenicol treatment resulted in increased proportion and absolute number of MRC1L-B+ monocytes/macrophages in the spleen, indicating an exacerbated infection. Furthermore, both the proportion and absolute number of γδ T cells in the lamina propria of the cecum decreased. Treatment with florfenicol reduced butyrate levels in the cecum. However, the administration of butyrate before and during florfenicol treatment restored factors associated with intestinal homeostasis, including PPAR-γ, Occludin, and Muc2, while partially restoring HIF-1α, normalized intestinal hypoxia and gut permeability, and reversed immune cell changes, suppressing APEC systemic infection. The uncontrolled and widespread use of florfenicol can negatively affect intestinal health in chickens. Specifically, florfenicol was found to impair intestinal homeostasis and immune function in laying hens, including by reducing butyrate levels, thereby increasing their susceptibility to systemic APEC infection. The development of strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of florfenicol on gut health and pathogen susceptibility in laying hens is therefore essential.
{"title":"Florfenicol-induced dysbiosis impairs intestinal homeostasis and host immune system in laying hens","authors":"Keesun Yu, Inhwan Choi, Minseong Kim, Young Jin Pyung, Jin-Sun Lee, Youbin Choi, Sohyoung Won, Younghoon Kim, Byung-Chul Park, Seung Hyun Han, Tae Sub Park, Tina Sørensen Dalgaard, Cheol-Heui Yun","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01186-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01186-w","url":null,"abstract":"Despite growing concerns about the adverse effects of antibiotics in farm animals, there has been little investigation of the effects of florfenicol in laying hens. This study examined the effect of florfenicol on the intestinal homeostasis, immune system, and pathogen susceptibility of laying hens. The oral administration of florfenicol at field-relevant levels for 5 d resulted in a decrease in the gut microbiota genera Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides, indicating the development of intestinal dysbiosis. The dysbiosis led to decreased mRNA levels of key regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), compromising intestinal hypoxia. Intestinal homeostasis was also disrupted, with decreased expression of Occludin and Mucin 2 (Muc2) genes combined with increased gut epithelial permeability. The breakdown in intestinal homeostasis and immune function provided a favorable environment for opportunistic bacteria like avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), culminating in systemic infection. Immunologically, florfenicol treatment resulted in increased proportion and absolute number of MRC1L-B+ monocytes/macrophages in the spleen, indicating an exacerbated infection. Furthermore, both the proportion and absolute number of γδ T cells in the lamina propria of the cecum decreased. Treatment with florfenicol reduced butyrate levels in the cecum. However, the administration of butyrate before and during florfenicol treatment restored factors associated with intestinal homeostasis, including PPAR-γ, Occludin, and Muc2, while partially restoring HIF-1α, normalized intestinal hypoxia and gut permeability, and reversed immune cell changes, suppressing APEC systemic infection. The uncontrolled and widespread use of florfenicol can negatively affect intestinal health in chickens. Specifically, florfenicol was found to impair intestinal homeostasis and immune function in laying hens, including by reducing butyrate levels, thereby increasing their susceptibility to systemic APEC infection. The development of strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of florfenicol on gut health and pathogen susceptibility in laying hens is therefore essential.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01192-y
Garrin Lee Shipman, David Rosero, Eric van Heugten
This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic and α-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows. A total of 309 sows (PIC Camborough L42) were balanced by parity (140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2 [P1-2] and 3 to 9 [P3+], respectively) and assigned within parity to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors included essential fatty acid (EFA) supplementation (control diets containing 1.2% linoleic and 0.15% α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0% linoleic and 0.38% α-linolenic acid) and supplementation period (lactation or wean-to-breeding). Tallow (low EFA diets) or soybean oil (high EFA diets) were included at 4% in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels. High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance, but increased subsequent farrowing rate (P = 0.027; 82.1% vs. 70.4%), tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed (P = 0.070; 12.4% vs. 20.8%), decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter (P = 0.072; 15.3 vs. 16.2), and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned (P = 0.062; 1,122 vs. 974), regardless of sow parity. Young sows (P1-2) consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval (P = 0.035; 4.2 vs. 4.6), but P3+ sows were unaffected. Increasing EFA intake for P3+ sows, but not P1-2 sows, resulted in more sows bred by d 5 (P = 0.028; 91.1% vs. 81.7%) and more mummies in the subsequent litter (P = 0.040; 0.32 vs. 0.16). Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate (P = 0.042; 72.0% vs. 87.7%), and increased removal rate (P = 0.003; 28.8% vs. 9.4%). Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced (P = 0.007) in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding (939 vs. 1,149) but was not impacted in P3+ sows (1,131 vs. 982). Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows, regardless of parity. Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.
{"title":"Supplementation of high levels of essential fatty acids using soybean oil in lactation diets benefits the subsequent reproduction of sows but can be detrimental to the performance of young sows if provided after weaning","authors":"Garrin Lee Shipman, David Rosero, Eric van Heugten","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01192-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01192-y","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic and α-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows. A total of 309 sows (PIC Camborough L42) were balanced by parity (140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2 [P1-2] and 3 to 9 [P3+], respectively) and assigned within parity to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors included essential fatty acid (EFA) supplementation (control diets containing 1.2% linoleic and 0.15% α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0% linoleic and 0.38% α-linolenic acid) and supplementation period (lactation or wean-to-breeding). Tallow (low EFA diets) or soybean oil (high EFA diets) were included at 4% in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels. High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance, but increased subsequent farrowing rate (P = 0.027; 82.1% vs. 70.4%), tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed (P = 0.070; 12.4% vs. 20.8%), decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter (P = 0.072; 15.3 vs. 16.2), and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned (P = 0.062; 1,122 vs. 974), regardless of sow parity. Young sows (P1-2) consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval (P = 0.035; 4.2 vs. 4.6), but P3+ sows were unaffected. Increasing EFA intake for P3+ sows, but not P1-2 sows, resulted in more sows bred by d 5 (P = 0.028; 91.1% vs. 81.7%) and more mummies in the subsequent litter (P = 0.040; 0.32 vs. 0.16). Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate (P = 0.042; 72.0% vs. 87.7%), and increased removal rate (P = 0.003; 28.8% vs. 9.4%). Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced (P = 0.007) in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding (939 vs. 1,149) but was not impacted in P3+ sows (1,131 vs. 982). Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows, regardless of parity. Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFB1-8,9-exo-epoxide (AFBO) is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione (GSH). Although there are over 20 GST isozymes that have been identified in chicken, GST isozymes involved in the detoxification process of AFB1 have not been identified yet. The objective of this study was to determine which GST isozymes played key role in detoxification of AFB1. A total of 17 pcDNA3.1(+)-GST isozyme plasmids were constructed and the GST isozyme genes were overexpressed by 80–2,500,000 folds in the chicken Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. Compared to the AFB1 treatment, overexpression of GSTA2X, GSTA3, GSTT1L, GSTZ1-1, and GSTZ1-2 increased the cell viability by 6.5%–17.0% in LMH cells. Moreover, overexpression of five GST isozymes reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species by 8.8%–64.4%, and 57.2%–77.6%, respectively, as well as enhanced the production AFBO-GSH by 15.8%–19.6%, thus mitigating DNA damage induced by AFB1. After comprehensive evaluation of various indicators, GSTA2X displayed the best detoxification effects against AFB1. GSTA2X was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and its enzymatic properties for catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with GSH showed that the optimum temperature and pH were 20–25 °C and 7.6–8.6 as well as the enzymatic kinetic parameter Vmax was 0.23 nmol/min/mg and the Michaelis constant was 86.05 μmol/L with the AFB1 as substrate. In conclusion, GSTA2X, GSTA3, GSTT1L, GSTZ1-1, and GSTZ1-2 played key roles in AFB1 detoxification, which will provide new remediation strategies to prevent aflatoxicosis in chickens.
{"title":"Five glutathione S-transferase isozymes played crucial role in the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 in chicken liver","authors":"Jiang Deng, Zhe Peng, Zhiyuan Xia, Yixin Mo, Lijia Guo, Jintao Wei, Lvhui Sun, Meng Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01189-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01189-7","url":null,"abstract":"AFB1-8,9-exo-epoxide (AFBO) is the highly toxic product of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play pivotal roles in detoxifying AFB1 by catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with glutathione (GSH). Although there are over 20 GST isozymes that have been identified in chicken, GST isozymes involved in the detoxification process of AFB1 have not been identified yet. The objective of this study was to determine which GST isozymes played key role in detoxification of AFB1. A total of 17 pcDNA3.1(+)-GST isozyme plasmids were constructed and the GST isozyme genes were overexpressed by 80–2,500,000 folds in the chicken Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells. Compared to the AFB1 treatment, overexpression of GSTA2X, GSTA3, GSTT1L, GSTZ1-1, and GSTZ1-2 increased the cell viability by 6.5%–17.0% in LMH cells. Moreover, overexpression of five GST isozymes reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species by 8.8%–64.4%, and 57.2%–77.6%, respectively, as well as enhanced the production AFBO-GSH by 15.8%–19.6%, thus mitigating DNA damage induced by AFB1. After comprehensive evaluation of various indicators, GSTA2X displayed the best detoxification effects against AFB1. GSTA2X was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and its enzymatic properties for catalyzing the conjugation of AFBO with GSH showed that the optimum temperature and pH were 20–25 °C and 7.6–8.6 as well as the enzymatic kinetic parameter Vmax was 0.23 nmol/min/mg and the Michaelis constant was 86.05 μmol/L with the AFB1 as substrate. In conclusion, GSTA2X, GSTA3, GSTT1L, GSTZ1-1, and GSTZ1-2 played key roles in AFB1 detoxification, which will provide new remediation strategies to prevent aflatoxicosis in chickens.\u0000","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regulating the regional deposition of fat is crucial for improving the carcass characteristics of pigs. The intestine, as an important organ for lipid absorption and homeostasis maintenance, secretes various biological signals that participate in the crosstalk between the intestine and adipose tissue. Extracellular vesicles, as novel extracellular genetic factors that mediate metabolic signal exchange among multiple tissues, have emerged as a hotspot and breakthrough in revealing the mechanisms of physiological homeostasis. However, how extracellular vesicles regulate the intestinal-adipose signaling axis, especially in relation lipid metabolism and deposition is still unclear. Thus, in the current study, intestinal extracellular vesicles from Chinese fat-type piglets of Lantang and typical lean-type piglets of Landrace were isolated and identified, and to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism via intestinal extracellular vesicles in mediating intestinal-adipose crosstalk. We isolated and identified intestinal extracellular vesicles from the jejunum of 3-day-old Lantang and Landrace piglets (LT-EVs and LD-EVs) and further investigated their effects on lipid accumulation in porcine primary adipocytes. Compared to LD-EVs, LT-EVs promoted lipid deposition in porcine primary adipocytes, with intestinal-derived miRNAs playing a critical role in the crosstalk between the intestine and adipose tissue. Further analysis of extracellular vesicles-derived miRNA sequencing revealed that miR-30b-5p, enriched in LD-EVs, is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Notably, the enrichment of miR-30b-5p in extracellular vesicles derived from IPEC-J2 cells also influenced lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, the targeted binding of miR-30b-5p and FMO3 may be critical for the extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. Our findings suggest that jejunal-derived extracellular vesicles play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism, and the regulatory effect of extracellular vesicles from obese piglets was higher than that of lean piglets. Furthermore, the different expression of miRNAs, such as miR-30b-5p, in intestinal extracellular vesicles may be the key to determining lipid deposition phenotypes across the two pig breeds.
{"title":"Porcine jejunal-derived extracellular vesicles participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism","authors":"Yaotian Fan, Haibin Deng, Jiahao Zhu, Junyi Luo, Ting Chen, Jiajie Sun, Yongliang Zhang, Qianyun Xi","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01185-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01185-x","url":null,"abstract":"Regulating the regional deposition of fat is crucial for improving the carcass characteristics of pigs. The intestine, as an important organ for lipid absorption and homeostasis maintenance, secretes various biological signals that participate in the crosstalk between the intestine and adipose tissue. Extracellular vesicles, as novel extracellular genetic factors that mediate metabolic signal exchange among multiple tissues, have emerged as a hotspot and breakthrough in revealing the mechanisms of physiological homeostasis. However, how extracellular vesicles regulate the intestinal-adipose signaling axis, especially in relation lipid metabolism and deposition is still unclear. Thus, in the current study, intestinal extracellular vesicles from Chinese fat-type piglets of Lantang and typical lean-type piglets of Landrace were isolated and identified, and to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism via intestinal extracellular vesicles in mediating intestinal-adipose crosstalk. We isolated and identified intestinal extracellular vesicles from the jejunum of 3-day-old Lantang and Landrace piglets (LT-EVs and LD-EVs) and further investigated their effects on lipid accumulation in porcine primary adipocytes. Compared to LD-EVs, LT-EVs promoted lipid deposition in porcine primary adipocytes, with intestinal-derived miRNAs playing a critical role in the crosstalk between the intestine and adipose tissue. Further analysis of extracellular vesicles-derived miRNA sequencing revealed that miR-30b-5p, enriched in LD-EVs, is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Notably, the enrichment of miR-30b-5p in extracellular vesicles derived from IPEC-J2 cells also influenced lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, the targeted binding of miR-30b-5p and FMO3 may be critical for the extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. Our findings suggest that jejunal-derived extracellular vesicles play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism, and the regulatory effect of extracellular vesicles from obese piglets was higher than that of lean piglets. Furthermore, the different expression of miRNAs, such as miR-30b-5p, in intestinal extracellular vesicles may be the key to determining lipid deposition phenotypes across the two pig breeds. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-06DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01178-w
Mara Heckmann, Nadiia Sadova, Georg Sandner, Cathrina Neuhauser, Bernhard Blank-Landeshammer, Bettina Schwarzinger, Alice König, Meizhen Liang, Michael Spitzer, Julian Weghuber, Verena Stadlbauer
Maintaining intestinal health is crucial for the overall well-being and productivity of livestock, as it impacts nutrient absorption, immune function, and disease resistance. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key threats to intestinal integrity. This study explored the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and barrier-strengthening properties of a fermented plant macerate (FPM) derived from 45 local herbs, using a specifically developed fermentation process utilizing the plants’ inherent microbiota to enhance bioactivity and sustainability. In vitro experiments with IPEC-J2 cells showed that FPM significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, improved barrier integrity, and enhanced cell migration under stress. Similar antioxidant effects were observed in THP-1 macrophages, where FPM reduced ROS production and modulated inflammatory responses by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)-1α and -1β] and increasing anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 levels. Mechanistic studies with HEK-Blue reporter cell lines revealed that FPM inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation via a toll-like receptor (TLR)4-independent pathway. In vivo, FPM significantly reduced ROS levels in Drosophila melanogaster and improved activity and LT50 values in Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative stress, although it did not affect intestinal barrier integrity in these models. The findings indicate that FPM shows promising application as a functional feed supplement for improving intestinal health in livestock by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Further studies, including livestock feeding trials, are recommended to validate these results.
{"title":"Herbal extract fermented with inherent microbiota improves intestinal health by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Mara Heckmann, Nadiia Sadova, Georg Sandner, Cathrina Neuhauser, Bernhard Blank-Landeshammer, Bettina Schwarzinger, Alice König, Meizhen Liang, Michael Spitzer, Julian Weghuber, Verena Stadlbauer","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01178-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01178-w","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining intestinal health is crucial for the overall well-being and productivity of livestock, as it impacts nutrient absorption, immune function, and disease resistance. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key threats to intestinal integrity. This study explored the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and barrier-strengthening properties of a fermented plant macerate (FPM) derived from 45 local herbs, using a specifically developed fermentation process utilizing the plants’ inherent microbiota to enhance bioactivity and sustainability. In vitro experiments with IPEC-J2 cells showed that FPM significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, improved barrier integrity, and enhanced cell migration under stress. Similar antioxidant effects were observed in THP-1 macrophages, where FPM reduced ROS production and modulated inflammatory responses by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)-1α and -1β] and increasing anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 levels. Mechanistic studies with HEK-Blue reporter cell lines revealed that FPM inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation via a toll-like receptor (TLR)4-independent pathway. In vivo, FPM significantly reduced ROS levels in Drosophila melanogaster and improved activity and LT50 values in Caenorhabditis elegans under oxidative stress, although it did not affect intestinal barrier integrity in these models. The findings indicate that FPM shows promising application as a functional feed supplement for improving intestinal health in livestock by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Further studies, including livestock feeding trials, are recommended to validate these results.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01187-9
Arianna N. Lopez, Makenzie G. Newton, Claire Stenhouse, Erin Connolly, Karina L. Hissen, Scott Horner, Guoyao Wu, William Foxworth, Fuller W. Bazer
Lactational performance depends heavily on age, health, and nutrition. L-Citrulline (Cit) is an effective precursor of L-arginine (Arg), an amino acid that has important roles in synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines. Ruminal microbes degrade extracellular Arg; however, extracellular L-citrulline (Cit) is not degraded by ruminal microbes due to lack of uptake and can be fed unencapsulated as a precursor for Arg. As NO is a vasodilator, an increase in blood flow and transport of molecules to mammary tissue may enhance lactational performance and milk composition. Increases in polyamine production may increase milk protein synthesis within mammary tissue, thus increasing milk protein content. This study determined, for the first time, effects of dietary Cit supplementation on milk production and milk composition of Alpine dairy goats. Does were synchronized to estrus and bred to Alpine bucks. Parturition was induced on d 149 of gestation and does were suckled overnight allowing kid(s) to obtain colostrum before being milked 24 h later (d 1 of lactation). Does were assigned to either control (CON, n = 24) or Cit (CIT, n = 23) diets. The isonitrogenous control diet consisted of 97.63% basal diet and 2.37% supplement (1.37% L-alanine and 1.00% soybean hydrogenated oil). The CIT supplemented diet consisted of 97.63% basal diet and 2.37% supplement (0.5% Cit, 0.5% L-glutamine, 1% soybean hydrogenated oil, 0.37% cornstarch). Diets were group fed ad-libitum by treatment group. Blood samples were collected on d 0 and 30 of lactation, milk volumes measured twice daily, and on d 10, 20, and 40 of lactation, milk samples were collected. CIT-treated does had greater daily milk production (P < 0.05) and there was an effect of day of lactation on daily milk production (P < 0.0001). Sire had significant effect on daily milk production as well (P < 0.05). Milk compositional analyses revealed Cit supplementation increased solid-non-fat (SNF; P < 0.05) and protein (P < 0.05) content in milk. Our novel results indicate that dietary supplementation of Cit fed ad-libitum in Alpine does increased daily milk yield, milk SNF content, and protein content. Supplemental Cit may be a proxy for Arg in goats to enhance lactational performance.
{"title":"Dietary citrulline supplementation enhances milk production in lactating dairy goats","authors":"Arianna N. Lopez, Makenzie G. Newton, Claire Stenhouse, Erin Connolly, Karina L. Hissen, Scott Horner, Guoyao Wu, William Foxworth, Fuller W. Bazer","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01187-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01187-9","url":null,"abstract":"Lactational performance depends heavily on age, health, and nutrition. L-Citrulline (Cit) is an effective precursor of L-arginine (Arg), an amino acid that has important roles in synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines. Ruminal microbes degrade extracellular Arg; however, extracellular L-citrulline (Cit) is not degraded by ruminal microbes due to lack of uptake and can be fed unencapsulated as a precursor for Arg. As NO is a vasodilator, an increase in blood flow and transport of molecules to mammary tissue may enhance lactational performance and milk composition. Increases in polyamine production may increase milk protein synthesis within mammary tissue, thus increasing milk protein content. This study determined, for the first time, effects of dietary Cit supplementation on milk production and milk composition of Alpine dairy goats. Does were synchronized to estrus and bred to Alpine bucks. Parturition was induced on d 149 of gestation and does were suckled overnight allowing kid(s) to obtain colostrum before being milked 24 h later (d 1 of lactation). Does were assigned to either control (CON, n = 24) or Cit (CIT, n = 23) diets. The isonitrogenous control diet consisted of 97.63% basal diet and 2.37% supplement (1.37% L-alanine and 1.00% soybean hydrogenated oil). The CIT supplemented diet consisted of 97.63% basal diet and 2.37% supplement (0.5% Cit, 0.5% L-glutamine, 1% soybean hydrogenated oil, 0.37% cornstarch). Diets were group fed ad-libitum by treatment group. Blood samples were collected on d 0 and 30 of lactation, milk volumes measured twice daily, and on d 10, 20, and 40 of lactation, milk samples were collected. CIT-treated does had greater daily milk production (P < 0.05) and there was an effect of day of lactation on daily milk production (P < 0.0001). Sire had significant effect on daily milk production as well (P < 0.05). Milk compositional analyses revealed Cit supplementation increased solid-non-fat (SNF; P < 0.05) and protein (P < 0.05) content in milk. Our novel results indicate that dietary supplementation of Cit fed ad-libitum in Alpine does increased daily milk yield, milk SNF content, and protein content. Supplemental Cit may be a proxy for Arg in goats to enhance lactational performance.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01182-0
Xiaoran Feng, Yunlong Liu, Shengyang Xu, Junnan Ma, Hao Yuan, Haixin Wang, Jiachen Hu, Sijie Jin, Shanji Liu, Jin Zhong, Tao Ma, Yan Tu
Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance. Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance. Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain (ADG). This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review, isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential. Parabacteroides distasonis, a strain closely associated with ADG, was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA) medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4. Whole-genome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P. distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, with the ability to produce propionate, acetate, and lactate. The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P. distasonis F4. An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P. distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen. Furthermore, an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P. distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves. This study represents the first isolation of P. distasonis F4 from rumen, highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.
{"title":"Functional analysis of Parabacteroides distasonis F4: a novel probiotic strain linked to calf growth and rumen fermentation","authors":"Xiaoran Feng, Yunlong Liu, Shengyang Xu, Junnan Ma, Hao Yuan, Haixin Wang, Jiachen Hu, Sijie Jin, Shanji Liu, Jin Zhong, Tao Ma, Yan Tu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01182-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01182-0","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance. Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance. Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain (ADG). This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review, isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential. Parabacteroides distasonis, a strain closely associated with ADG, was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA) medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4. Whole-genome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P. distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, with the ability to produce propionate, acetate, and lactate. The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P. distasonis F4. An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P. distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen. Furthermore, an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P. distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves. This study represents the first isolation of P. distasonis F4 from rumen, highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caffeic acid (CA) and its derivative, chlorogenic acid (CGA), have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease. CA, compared to CGA, has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability, making it a potentially superior feed additive. However, the efficacy, mechanistic differences, and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance, egg quality, and fatty liver disease in laying hens. A total of 1,440 61-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of CA, and 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA (CON, CA25, CA50, CA100, CA200, CGA100, CGA200 and CGA400, respectively) for 12 weeks. Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality, while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation. CA and CGA significantly decreased TG, TC, and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes (ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD1) and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes (FABPs, CD36, CPT1A, ACOX1, and SCP2). Of note, low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions. Mechanistically, CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα signaling pathway. This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance, egg quality, and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens, with CA potentially being more economical and efficient. Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100. These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens, and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA (including the isomer of CGA) into CA, thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA. (1) Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver, laying performance and egg quality. (2) Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200. (3) CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα pathway to alleviate fatty liver.
{"title":"Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα pathway to improve fatty liver and production performance in laying hens","authors":"Wenjie Tian, Gerard Bryan Gonzales, Hao Wang, Youyou Yang, Chaohua Tang, Qingyu Zhao, Junmin Zhang, Huiyan Zhang, Yuchang Qin","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01175-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01175-z","url":null,"abstract":"Caffeic acid (CA) and its derivative, chlorogenic acid (CGA), have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease. CA, compared to CGA, has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability, making it a potentially superior feed additive. However, the efficacy, mechanistic differences, and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance, egg quality, and fatty liver disease in laying hens. A total of 1,440 61-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of CA, and 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA (CON, CA25, CA50, CA100, CA200, CGA100, CGA200 and CGA400, respectively) for 12 weeks. Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality, while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation. CA and CGA significantly decreased TG, TC, and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes (ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD1) and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes (FABPs, CD36, CPT1A, ACOX1, and SCP2). Of note, low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions. Mechanistically, CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα signaling pathway. This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance, egg quality, and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens, with CA potentially being more economical and efficient. Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100. These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens, and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA (including the isomer of CGA) into CA, thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA. (1) Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver, laying performance and egg quality. (2) Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200. (3) CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARα pathway to alleviate fatty liver.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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