Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01223-8
Xueqiang Li, Xiaolin Yang, Hui Chen, Shixiong Liu, Puguo Hao, Jie Ning, Yingga Wu, Xi Liang, Yufei Zhang, Dacheng Liu
Using yeast culture as additives in ruminant feed prevents rumen microbial dysbiosis, enhances performance, and regulates rumen pH. The yeast culture used in this study was developed in-house, and has been shown to promote rumen epithelial growth in several sheep trials. Changes in protein expression associated with the promotion of rumen epithelial development following the addition of yeast culture, along with the associated molecular mechanisms, remain unknown. We used 20 45-day-old weaned lambs to investigate the specific proteins and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Half of the lambs were fed yeast culture, and the other half were used as controls. Yeast culture enhanced growth performance, facilitated rumen fermentation, and promoted rumen papilla development in weaned lambs. Proteomics data identified 4,831 proteins in the rumen epithelial tissue of lambs, comprising 87 upregulated and 425 downregulated proteins. Administration of yeast culture activated multiple molecular functions within rumen epithelial cells, including oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, and vitamin digestion and absorption. The expression of proteins associated with cell cycle regulation increased, whereas those associated with apoptosis decreased. Administration of yeast culture also reduced the duration of the G0/G1 phase of rumen epithelial cells and accelerated the cell cycle. Furthermore, yeast culture showed increased cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin E1 expressions and decreased cytochrome C (Cyto-c), Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase 3 (C-caspase 3), caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 7 (C-caspase 7) protein expressions. Yeast culture upregulated the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) mRNA expressions in rumen epithelial cells. Yeast culture facilitates rumen epithelial development by regulating the cell cycle and IGF-1 signaling and reducing the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis in rumen epithelial cells. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which yeast culture promotes rumen epithelial development in weaned lambs.
{"title":"Yeast culture in weaned lamb feed: a proteomic journey into enhanced rumen health and growth","authors":"Xueqiang Li, Xiaolin Yang, Hui Chen, Shixiong Liu, Puguo Hao, Jie Ning, Yingga Wu, Xi Liang, Yufei Zhang, Dacheng Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01223-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01223-8","url":null,"abstract":"Using yeast culture as additives in ruminant feed prevents rumen microbial dysbiosis, enhances performance, and regulates rumen pH. The yeast culture used in this study was developed in-house, and has been shown to promote rumen epithelial growth in several sheep trials. Changes in protein expression associated with the promotion of rumen epithelial development following the addition of yeast culture, along with the associated molecular mechanisms, remain unknown. We used 20 45-day-old weaned lambs to investigate the specific proteins and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. Half of the lambs were fed yeast culture, and the other half were used as controls. Yeast culture enhanced growth performance, facilitated rumen fermentation, and promoted rumen papilla development in weaned lambs. Proteomics data identified 4,831 proteins in the rumen epithelial tissue of lambs, comprising 87 upregulated and 425 downregulated proteins. Administration of yeast culture activated multiple molecular functions within rumen epithelial cells, including oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, and vitamin digestion and absorption. The expression of proteins associated with cell cycle regulation increased, whereas those associated with apoptosis decreased. Administration of yeast culture also reduced the duration of the G0/G1 phase of rumen epithelial cells and accelerated the cell cycle. Furthermore, yeast culture showed increased cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin E1 expressions and decreased cytochrome C (Cyto-c), Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase 3 (C-caspase 3), caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 7 (C-caspase 7) protein expressions. Yeast culture upregulated the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) mRNA expressions in rumen epithelial cells. Yeast culture facilitates rumen epithelial development by regulating the cell cycle and IGF-1 signaling and reducing the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis in rumen epithelial cells. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which yeast culture promotes rumen epithelial development in weaned lambs.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01238-1
Li-Hsuan Chen, Nuria Canibe, Mihai Victor Curtasu, Mette Skou Hedemann
Metabolomics utilizes advanced analytical profiling techniques to comprehensively measure small molecules in cells, tissues, and biological fluids. Nutritional metabolomics studies in pigs have reported changes in hundreds of metabolites across various sample types, including plasma, serum, urine, digesta, and feces, following dietary interventions. These findings can help identify biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality and beyond, as well as investigate mechanistic interactions between diet, host, microbiome, and metabolites. This review aims to summarize the current literature on nutritional metabolomics in pigs and its use to investigate how different dietary approaches impact the gut health of pigs. Here, we critically assessed and categorized the impact of the main macronutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—along with feed additives such as amino acids, bile acids, and probiotics, as well as feeding strategies like creep feeding, milk replacer introduction, and time-restricted feeding, on the pig metabolome. Additionally, we discuss the potential modes of action of the key affected metabolites on pig gut health.
{"title":"Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a review","authors":"Li-Hsuan Chen, Nuria Canibe, Mihai Victor Curtasu, Mette Skou Hedemann","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01238-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01238-1","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolomics utilizes advanced analytical profiling techniques to comprehensively measure small molecules in cells, tissues, and biological fluids. Nutritional metabolomics studies in pigs have reported changes in hundreds of metabolites across various sample types, including plasma, serum, urine, digesta, and feces, following dietary interventions. These findings can help identify biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality and beyond, as well as investigate mechanistic interactions between diet, host, microbiome, and metabolites. This review aims to summarize the current literature on nutritional metabolomics in pigs and its use to investigate how different dietary approaches impact the gut health of pigs. Here, we critically assessed and categorized the impact of the main macronutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—along with feed additives such as amino acids, bile acids, and probiotics, as well as feeding strategies like creep feeding, milk replacer introduction, and time-restricted feeding, on the pig metabolome. Additionally, we discuss the potential modes of action of the key affected metabolites on pig gut health.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"76 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01237-2
Xuehua Li, Qing Lin, Zhanwei Zhuang, Kai Rao, Zhili Li, Xiuguo Shang, Panjie Xia, Lin Zhu, Zhe Zhang, Yunxiang Zhao
Semen quality is one of the most important indicators of boar reproductive performance. In the past, boar breeding has mostly emphasized characteristics such as lean meat percentage, feed conversion efficiency, and growth rate, while overlooking the genetic improvement of reproductive traits. This study employs advanced multi-omics approaches, such as transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and colocalization between genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), to provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing semen quality traits in boars. Here, we collected 190,000 ejaculate records across 11 semen quality traits from 3,604 Duroc boars. The heritability of semen quality traits ranged from 0.095 to 0.343. Genetic correlations between semen quality traits varied from −0.802 to 0.661, and phenotypic correlations ranged from −0.833 to 0.776. Single-trait GWAS identified 19 independent variants, corresponding to 13 quantitative trait loci (QTLs). By integrating PigGTEx and FAANG resources, we combined TWAS and colocalization analyses to reveal genetic regulation of semen quality traits. Notably, both GWAS and colocalization analyses pinpointed the DCAF12 as a crucial gene associated with multiple semen quality traits. Additionally, the ZSCAN9 gene and the variant rs322211455 were found to significantly affect sperm motility (SPMOT), possibly through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. PheWAS further highlighted an association between rs322211455 and sperm abnormality rate, demonstrating the crucial role of ZSCAN9 in male fertility. This study reveals the genetic basis and regulatory mechanisms underlying semen quality traits in Duroc boars, identifying key candidate genes such as DCAF12 and ZSCAN9. These findings provide important insight into the genetic regulation of semen quality in boars.
{"title":"Integrative pigGTEx resource with GWAS reveals genetic mechanism underlying semen quality in boars","authors":"Xuehua Li, Qing Lin, Zhanwei Zhuang, Kai Rao, Zhili Li, Xiuguo Shang, Panjie Xia, Lin Zhu, Zhe Zhang, Yunxiang Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01237-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01237-2","url":null,"abstract":"Semen quality is one of the most important indicators of boar reproductive performance. In the past, boar breeding has mostly emphasized characteristics such as lean meat percentage, feed conversion efficiency, and growth rate, while overlooking the genetic improvement of reproductive traits. This study employs advanced multi-omics approaches, such as transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and colocalization between genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), to provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms governing semen quality traits in boars. Here, we collected 190,000 ejaculate records across 11 semen quality traits from 3,604 Duroc boars. The heritability of semen quality traits ranged from 0.095 to 0.343. Genetic correlations between semen quality traits varied from −0.802 to 0.661, and phenotypic correlations ranged from −0.833 to 0.776. Single-trait GWAS identified 19 independent variants, corresponding to 13 quantitative trait loci (QTLs). By integrating PigGTEx and FAANG resources, we combined TWAS and colocalization analyses to reveal genetic regulation of semen quality traits. Notably, both GWAS and colocalization analyses pinpointed the DCAF12 as a crucial gene associated with multiple semen quality traits. Additionally, the ZSCAN9 gene and the variant rs322211455 were found to significantly affect sperm motility (SPMOT), possibly through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. PheWAS further highlighted an association between rs322211455 and sperm abnormality rate, demonstrating the crucial role of ZSCAN9 in male fertility. This study reveals the genetic basis and regulatory mechanisms underlying semen quality traits in Duroc boars, identifying key candidate genes such as DCAF12 and ZSCAN9. These findings provide important insight into the genetic regulation of semen quality in boars.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional genomic analysis relies on a single reference genome, which struggles to effectively characterize the genetic diversity among populations. This is due to the substantial genetic differences between the genome of the studied species and the reference genome, potentially introducing reference bias. In this study, we focused on Guanzhong Black pigs (GZB), Danish Large White pigs (DLW), and their hybrid offspring, Qinchuan Black pigs (QCB). We provided two high-quality parental genomes at the chromosomal level and constructed a parental genomic reference panel to detect SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), INDELs (insertions and deletions), and SVs (structural variations). Compared with the single-reference method, the integrated parental genomic strategy identified 5.48% more SNPs and 67.84% more INDELs. The uniformity of variant distribution and genome functional annotation remained consistent before and after integration, while the ratio of non-reference/non-reference genotypes was also improved. In population genetic structure analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) of the three variant types (SNPs, INDELs, and SVs) exhibited good clustering effects, and ADMIXTURE analysis demonstrated consistent stratification. Selection signal analysis based on the integrated parental genomic strategy successfully identified more differentiated windows and positively selected genes. By leveraging multiple variant types and employing two selection signal methods, we jointly identified several novel intramuscular fat candidate genes (MSMO1, SMC6, CCDC158, KIT, CCNC, etc.), which could not be identified by the single-reference method alone. Functional validation of the gene MSMO1 revealed its role in promoting intramuscular adipocyte proliferation and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation. This study is the first to construct a parental genomic reference panel specifically for pig hybrid populations, which significantly reduces reference bias and exhibits superior performance in downstream analyses. This strategy offers new possibilities for genomic selection breeding of livestock and establishes a methodological foundation for precisely dissecting complex traits in hybrid populations.
{"title":"Integrating parental genomes to reduce reference bias and identify intramuscular fat genes in Qinchuan Black pigs","authors":"Guangquan Lv, Peiyu Yang, Ao Guo, Minghao Cao, Dong Li, Zhe Liu, Mingyu Wang, Jingchun Sun, Rongrong Ding, Taiyong Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01236-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01236-3","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional genomic analysis relies on a single reference genome, which struggles to effectively characterize the genetic diversity among populations. This is due to the substantial genetic differences between the genome of the studied species and the reference genome, potentially introducing reference bias. In this study, we focused on Guanzhong Black pigs (GZB), Danish Large White pigs (DLW), and their hybrid offspring, Qinchuan Black pigs (QCB). We provided two high-quality parental genomes at the chromosomal level and constructed a parental genomic reference panel to detect SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), INDELs (insertions and deletions), and SVs (structural variations). Compared with the single-reference method, the integrated parental genomic strategy identified 5.48% more SNPs and 67.84% more INDELs. The uniformity of variant distribution and genome functional annotation remained consistent before and after integration, while the ratio of non-reference/non-reference genotypes was also improved. In population genetic structure analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) of the three variant types (SNPs, INDELs, and SVs) exhibited good clustering effects, and ADMIXTURE analysis demonstrated consistent stratification. Selection signal analysis based on the integrated parental genomic strategy successfully identified more differentiated windows and positively selected genes. By leveraging multiple variant types and employing two selection signal methods, we jointly identified several novel intramuscular fat candidate genes (MSMO1, SMC6, CCDC158, KIT, CCNC, etc.), which could not be identified by the single-reference method alone. Functional validation of the gene MSMO1 revealed its role in promoting intramuscular adipocyte proliferation and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation. This study is the first to construct a parental genomic reference panel specifically for pig hybrid populations, which significantly reduces reference bias and exhibits superior performance in downstream analyses. This strategy offers new possibilities for genomic selection breeding of livestock and establishes a methodological foundation for precisely dissecting complex traits in hybrid populations.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01224-7
Yuanxin Chen, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Yaobin Ma, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Jun Jiang, Ruinan Zhang, Hua Li, Lin Feng, Xiaoqiu Zhou
Cetobacterium somerae, a symbiotic microorganism resident in various fish intestines, is recognized for its beneficial effects on fish gut health. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of C. somerae on gut health remain unclear. In this experiment, we investigated the influence of C. somerae (CGMCC No.28843) on the growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity, and intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and explored its potential mechanisms. A cohort of 2,160 juvenile grass carp with an initial mean body weight of 11.30 ± 0.01 g were randomly allocated into 6 treatment groups, each comprising 6 replicates (60 fish per replicate). The experimental diets were supplemented with C. somerae at graded levels of 0.00 (control), 0.68 × 10⁹, 1.35 × 10⁹, 2.04 × 10⁹, 2.70 × 10⁹, and 3.40 × 10⁹ cells/kg feed. Following a 10-week experimental period, biological samples were collected for subsequent analyses. Dietary supplementation with C. somerae at 1.35 × 10⁹ cells/kg significantly enhanced growth performance, intestinal development, and nutrient retention rate in juvenile grass carp (P < 0.05). The treatment resulted in increased intestinal acetic acid concentration and enhanced activities of digestive enzymes and brush border enzymes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it reduced intestinal permeability (P < 0.05), preserved tight junctions (TJ) ultrastructural integrity, and increased the expression of TJ and adherens junctions (AJ) biomarkers at both protein and transcriptional levels (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, these effects may be correlated with enhanced antioxidant capacity and coordinated modulation of the RhoA/ROCK, Sirt1, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The appropriate supplementation levels, based on weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio, the activity of serum diamine oxidase and the content of lipopolysaccharide, were 1.27 × 10⁹, 1.27 × 10⁹, 1.34 × 10⁹ and 1.34 × 10⁹ cells/kg, respectively. C. somerae improved intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity of juvenile grass carp, maintained intestinal structural integrity, and thus promoted their growth and development. This work demonstrates the potential of C. somerae as a probiotic for aquatic animals and provides a theoretical basis for its utilization in aquaculture.
{"title":"Probiotic efficacy of Cetobacterium somerae (CGMCC No. 28843): promoting intestinal digestion, absorption, and structural integrity in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Yuanxin Chen, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Yaobin Ma, Hongmei Ren, Xiaowan Jin, Jun Jiang, Ruinan Zhang, Hua Li, Lin Feng, Xiaoqiu Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01224-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01224-7","url":null,"abstract":"Cetobacterium somerae, a symbiotic microorganism resident in various fish intestines, is recognized for its beneficial effects on fish gut health. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of C. somerae on gut health remain unclear. In this experiment, we investigated the influence of C. somerae (CGMCC No.28843) on the growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity, and intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and explored its potential mechanisms. A cohort of 2,160 juvenile grass carp with an initial mean body weight of 11.30 ± 0.01 g were randomly allocated into 6 treatment groups, each comprising 6 replicates (60 fish per replicate). The experimental diets were supplemented with C. somerae at graded levels of 0.00 (control), 0.68 × 10⁹, 1.35 × 10⁹, 2.04 × 10⁹, 2.70 × 10⁹, and 3.40 × 10⁹ cells/kg feed. Following a 10-week experimental period, biological samples were collected for subsequent analyses. Dietary supplementation with C. somerae at 1.35 × 10⁹ cells/kg significantly enhanced growth performance, intestinal development, and nutrient retention rate in juvenile grass carp (P < 0.05). The treatment resulted in increased intestinal acetic acid concentration and enhanced activities of digestive enzymes and brush border enzymes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it reduced intestinal permeability (P < 0.05), preserved tight junctions (TJ) ultrastructural integrity, and increased the expression of TJ and adherens junctions (AJ) biomarkers at both protein and transcriptional levels (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, these effects may be correlated with enhanced antioxidant capacity and coordinated modulation of the RhoA/ROCK, Sirt1, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The appropriate supplementation levels, based on weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio, the activity of serum diamine oxidase and the content of lipopolysaccharide, were 1.27 × 10⁹, 1.27 × 10⁹, 1.34 × 10⁹ and 1.34 × 10⁹ cells/kg, respectively. C. somerae improved intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity of juvenile grass carp, maintained intestinal structural integrity, and thus promoted their growth and development. This work demonstrates the potential of C. somerae as a probiotic for aquatic animals and provides a theoretical basis for its utilization in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"659 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01239-0
Angie P. Benavides-Infante, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Mike T. Socha, Wesley P. Schweer, Crystal L. Levesque, Jorge Y. Perez-Palencia
Isoacids are the product of branched-chain amino acid fermentation and are naturally produced in the hindgut by microbial fermentation. In ruminants, supplementation of isoacids as a feed additive improves fiber utilization, with a positive impact on animal productivity. However, information on how isoacids impact nutrient digestibility in swine is limited. The objective of this experiment was to determine the optimal inclusion level of an isoacid blend product based on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and fermentation products in the ileal digesta and feces of growing pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Twelve ileal cannulated pigs (20.9 ± 0.6 kg) were used in a 5-period crossover design with 6 diets and 2 replicate pigs in each period. Dietary treatments consisted of increasing levels (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%) of an isoacid blend (isobutyrate, isovalerate, and 2-methyl butyrate, 1:1:1) added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Each experimental period consisted of 14 d: 10 d for acclimatization to the diets, 2 d for fecal collection, and 2 d for digesta collection. Isoacids supplementation quadratically improved the AID of hemicellulose (P < 0.05) and tended to improve the AID of crude fiber (P < 0.1). The AID of most indispensable amino acids (except Met + Cys, Trp, and Val) as well as the ATTD of crude protein, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, and hemicellulose improved or tended to improve linear or quadratically (P < 0.05 or P < 0.1). In addition, the ATTD values of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Met + Cys, Phe, Thr, and Val increased quadratically (P < 0.05). Collectively, 1% of isoacids inclusion resulted in the greatest response. Furthermore, isoacids supplementation tended to increase (P = 0.071, quadratically) the concentration of ammonia and decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids with a tendency to decrease (P = 0.064) isovaleric acid in the ileal digesta. In fecal samples, the proportion of acetic acid decreased (P < 0.05) quadratically, whereas the proportions of propionic, valeric, and caproic acids tended to increase linearly and/or quadratically (P < 0.1). Isoacids supplementation at 1% in swine diets can improve nutrient digestibility, particularly amino acids and fiber at the ileal level and ATTD of crude protein, gross energy, and hemicellulose.
{"title":"Effect of increasing dietary isoacid levels on total tract and apparent ileal nutrient digestibility and fermentation products in growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets","authors":"Angie P. Benavides-Infante, Lucas A. Rodrigues, Mike T. Socha, Wesley P. Schweer, Crystal L. Levesque, Jorge Y. Perez-Palencia","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01239-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01239-0","url":null,"abstract":"Isoacids are the product of branched-chain amino acid fermentation and are naturally produced in the hindgut by microbial fermentation. In ruminants, supplementation of isoacids as a feed additive improves fiber utilization, with a positive impact on animal productivity. However, information on how isoacids impact nutrient digestibility in swine is limited. The objective of this experiment was to determine the optimal inclusion level of an isoacid blend product based on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and fermentation products in the ileal digesta and feces of growing pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Twelve ileal cannulated pigs (20.9 ± 0.6 kg) were used in a 5-period crossover design with 6 diets and 2 replicate pigs in each period. Dietary treatments consisted of increasing levels (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%) of an isoacid blend (isobutyrate, isovalerate, and 2-methyl butyrate, 1:1:1) added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Each experimental period consisted of 14 d: 10 d for acclimatization to the diets, 2 d for fecal collection, and 2 d for digesta collection. Isoacids supplementation quadratically improved the AID of hemicellulose (P < 0.05) and tended to improve the AID of crude fiber (P < 0.1). The AID of most indispensable amino acids (except Met + Cys, Trp, and Val) as well as the ATTD of crude protein, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, and hemicellulose improved or tended to improve linear or quadratically (P < 0.05 or P < 0.1). In addition, the ATTD values of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Met + Cys, Phe, Thr, and Val increased quadratically (P < 0.05). Collectively, 1% of isoacids inclusion resulted in the greatest response. Furthermore, isoacids supplementation tended to increase (P = 0.071, quadratically) the concentration of ammonia and decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acids with a tendency to decrease (P = 0.064) isovaleric acid in the ileal digesta. In fecal samples, the proportion of acetic acid decreased (P < 0.05) quadratically, whereas the proportions of propionic, valeric, and caproic acids tended to increase linearly and/or quadratically (P < 0.1). Isoacids supplementation at 1% in swine diets can improve nutrient digestibility, particularly amino acids and fiber at the ileal level and ATTD of crude protein, gross energy, and hemicellulose.","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproductive efficiency in goats is closely linked to the healthy development of follicles, with the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) playing a crucial role in this process. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an enzyme that catalyzes post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, is known to regulate a variety of mitochondrial metabolic pathways, thereby affecting cell fate. However, the specific effect of SIRT3 on the follicular development process remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of SIRT3 in the mitochondrial function and proliferation of goat GCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. In this study, GCs from small follicles in goat ovaries presented increased proliferative potential and elevated SIRT3 expression levels compared with those from large follicles. In vitro, SIRT3 overexpression enhanced mitochondrial function, promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in GCs. Correspondingly, the inhibition of SIRT3 led to the opposite effects. Notably, SIRT3 interacted with carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2) and stabilized the CPT2 protein by mediating delactylation, which prolonged the half-life of CPT2 and prevented its degradation. Further investigation revealed that CPT2 overexpression enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial function in GCs. Additionally, CPT2 promoted the proliferation of GCs by increasing the protein levels of β-catenin and its downstream target, cyclin D1 (CCND1). However, this effect was reversed by 3-TYP (a SIRT3 inhibitor). SIRT3 stabilizes CPT2 protein expression through delactylation, thereby enhancing mitochondrial function and the proliferative capacity of GCs in goats. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in mammalian follicular development.
{"title":"SIRT3 mediates CPT2 delactylation to enhance mitochondrial function and proliferation in goat granulosa cells","authors":"Shuaifei Song, Mingzhi Yang, Jiayue Li, Yaru Li, Lei Wang, Shiyi Yao, Zihan Wang, Qiuyan Li, Yanguo Han, Dejun Xu, Zhongquan Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01231-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01231-8","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive efficiency in goats is closely linked to the healthy development of follicles, with the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) playing a crucial role in this process. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an enzyme that catalyzes post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, is known to regulate a variety of mitochondrial metabolic pathways, thereby affecting cell fate. However, the specific effect of SIRT3 on the follicular development process remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of SIRT3 in the mitochondrial function and proliferation of goat GCs, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. In this study, GCs from small follicles in goat ovaries presented increased proliferative potential and elevated SIRT3 expression levels compared with those from large follicles. In vitro, SIRT3 overexpression enhanced mitochondrial function, promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in GCs. Correspondingly, the inhibition of SIRT3 led to the opposite effects. Notably, SIRT3 interacted with carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2) and stabilized the CPT2 protein by mediating delactylation, which prolonged the half-life of CPT2 and prevented its degradation. Further investigation revealed that CPT2 overexpression enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial function in GCs. Additionally, CPT2 promoted the proliferation of GCs by increasing the protein levels of β-catenin and its downstream target, cyclin D1 (CCND1). However, this effect was reversed by 3-TYP (a SIRT3 inhibitor). SIRT3 stabilizes CPT2 protein expression through delactylation, thereby enhancing mitochondrial function and the proliferative capacity of GCs in goats. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in mammalian follicular development. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01234-5
Jianlou Song, Zengpeng Lv, Yuming Guo
Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry. Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers. This review summarizes the research advances in this field, with a focus on the genetic and nutritional foundations that regulate intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition and meat quality in chickens over the past decade. The effects of embryonic nutrition, both maternal nutrition and in ovo feeding (IOF), on skeletal muscle development, the IMF content, and meat quality traits in broilers are also discussed. In genetics, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that de novo lipogenesis predominantly occurs in myocytes, which is key to the formation of IMF in chicken muscle tissue. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the key enzyme involved in this process. This discovery has reshaped the traditional understanding of intramuscular lipid metabolism in poultry. Key genes, proteins, and pathways, such as FASN, FABP4, PPARG, C/EBPα, SLC27A1; LPL, APOA1, COL1A1; PPAR and ECM–receptor interactions signaling, have been identified to regulate IMF content and distribution by modulating fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis. LncHLFF was innovatively found to promote ectopic IMF deposition in chickens via exosome-mediated mechanisms without affecting abdominal fat deposition. MiR-27b-3p and miR-128-3p were found to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by targeting PPARG, thereby affecting IMF formation. In nutrition, nutrigenomics research has shown that fructose enhances IMF deposition by activating ChREBP, providing new targets for nutritional interventions. Adjusting dietary components, including energy, protein, amino acids, fatty acids, and phytochemicals (e.g., rutin), has been shown to significantly improve meat quality in broilers. Maternal nutrition (e.g., intake of energy, amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements) and IOF (e.g., N-carbamylglutamate) have also been confirmed to significantly impact offspring meat quality, opening new avenues for improving embryonic nutrition. Based on these significant advancements, this review proposes strategies that integrate genetic and nutritional approaches. These strategies aim to modulate the differentiation fate of paraxial mesenchymal stem cells toward myogenic or adipogenic lineages and the interaction between muscle and adipose tissues. These insights would help to improve meat quality while ensuring the growth performance of broiler chickens.
{"title":"Research advances in intramuscular fat deposition and chicken meat quality: genetics and nutrition","authors":"Jianlou Song, Zengpeng Lv, Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01234-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01234-5","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry. Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers. This review summarizes the research advances in this field, with a focus on the genetic and nutritional foundations that regulate intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition and meat quality in chickens over the past decade. The effects of embryonic nutrition, both maternal nutrition and in ovo feeding (IOF), on skeletal muscle development, the IMF content, and meat quality traits in broilers are also discussed. In genetics, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that de novo lipogenesis predominantly occurs in myocytes, which is key to the formation of IMF in chicken muscle tissue. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the key enzyme involved in this process. This discovery has reshaped the traditional understanding of intramuscular lipid metabolism in poultry. Key genes, proteins, and pathways, such as FASN, FABP4, PPARG, C/EBPα, SLC27A1; LPL, APOA1, COL1A1; PPAR and ECM–receptor interactions signaling, have been identified to regulate IMF content and distribution by modulating fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis. LncHLFF was innovatively found to promote ectopic IMF deposition in chickens via exosome-mediated mechanisms without affecting abdominal fat deposition. MiR-27b-3p and miR-128-3p were found to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by targeting PPARG, thereby affecting IMF formation. In nutrition, nutrigenomics research has shown that fructose enhances IMF deposition by activating ChREBP, providing new targets for nutritional interventions. Adjusting dietary components, including energy, protein, amino acids, fatty acids, and phytochemicals (e.g., rutin), has been shown to significantly improve meat quality in broilers. Maternal nutrition (e.g., intake of energy, amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements) and IOF (e.g., N-carbamylglutamate) have also been confirmed to significantly impact offspring meat quality, opening new avenues for improving embryonic nutrition. Based on these significant advancements, this review proposes strategies that integrate genetic and nutritional approaches. These strategies aim to modulate the differentiation fate of paraxial mesenchymal stem cells toward myogenic or adipogenic lineages and the interaction between muscle and adipose tissues. These insights would help to improve meat quality while ensuring the growth performance of broiler chickens. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"84 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144640392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01232-7
Jun Huang, Kaidi Ma, Junyi Wu, Shuangbo Huang, Zihao Huang, Yujiao Chen, Shijian Zhou, Hefeng Luo, Chengquan Tan
While maternal proline (Pro) supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing placental angiogenesis and farrowing efficiency in swine, its regulatory role in fetal skeletal muscle ontogeny remains undefined. This study systematically evaluated the temporal-specific impacts of dietary Pro supplementation during critical phases of fetal myogenesis (encompassing primary myofiber formation and secondary myofiber hyperplasia) on offspring muscle development. A total of 120 sows with similar farrowing schedules were assigned to three groups: CON (basal diet), ST-Pro (0.5% Pro supplementation during secondary myofiber formation period, from d 60 gestation to farrowing), LT-Pro (0.5% Pro supplementation spanning primary and secondary myofiber formation period: from d 20 gestation to farrowing). LT-Pro group significantly increased the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle mass per unit body weight in newborn piglets compared to CON group (P < 0.05), while no such effect was observed in the ST-Pro group. Metabolomic profiling revealed elevated Pro, lysine, and tryptophan levels in the LD muscle of LT-Pro group piglets, accompanied by reduced branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) in both serum and muscle (P < 0.05). Histological analysis demonstrated a 45.74% increase in myofiber cross-sectional area in the LT-Pro group (P < 0.05). At the molecular level, LT-Pro group piglets exhibited upregulated mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory genes (MYOD1, MYF6) and the cell cycle accelerator CCND1 (P < 0.05), coupled with activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway (phosphorylated STAT3 protein increased by 2.53-fold, P < 0.01). Furthermore, Pro supplementation enhanced oxidative metabolism, evidenced by elevated mitochondrial biogenesis markers (the mRNA expression levels of PPARGC1A, OPA1, and SQSTM1) and a 61.58% increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity (P < 0.05). Notably, LT-Pro group piglets showed a selective shift toward slow-twitch oxidative fibers, with both MyHC1 mRNA and protein expression levels significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of MyHCIIb showed no significant change. This study identified the primary fiber formation period as a critical window. Supplementation with Pro during G20–114 reprogrammed offspring skeletal muscle development through STAT3-CCND1-mediated myoblast proliferation, enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics, and oxidative fiber specification. However, no such effects were observed during G60–114. These findings propose maternal Pro intervention as a novel strategy to enhance muscle yield and metabolic efficiency in swine production, with potential applications for improving meat quality traits linked to oxidative muscle phenotypes.
{"title":"Proline-driven metabolic reprogramming promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and oxidative myofiber specification in porcine offspring: a stage-optimized maternal nutritional intervention","authors":"Jun Huang, Kaidi Ma, Junyi Wu, Shuangbo Huang, Zihao Huang, Yujiao Chen, Shijian Zhou, Hefeng Luo, Chengquan Tan","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01232-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01232-7","url":null,"abstract":"While maternal proline (Pro) supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing placental angiogenesis and farrowing efficiency in swine, its regulatory role in fetal skeletal muscle ontogeny remains undefined. This study systematically evaluated the temporal-specific impacts of dietary Pro supplementation during critical phases of fetal myogenesis (encompassing primary myofiber formation and secondary myofiber hyperplasia) on offspring muscle development. A total of 120 sows with similar farrowing schedules were assigned to three groups: CON (basal diet), ST-Pro (0.5% Pro supplementation during secondary myofiber formation period, from d 60 gestation to farrowing), LT-Pro (0.5% Pro supplementation spanning primary and secondary myofiber formation period: from d 20 gestation to farrowing). LT-Pro group significantly increased the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle mass per unit body weight in newborn piglets compared to CON group (P < 0.05), while no such effect was observed in the ST-Pro group. Metabolomic profiling revealed elevated Pro, lysine, and tryptophan levels in the LD muscle of LT-Pro group piglets, accompanied by reduced branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) in both serum and muscle (P < 0.05). Histological analysis demonstrated a 45.74% increase in myofiber cross-sectional area in the LT-Pro group (P < 0.05). At the molecular level, LT-Pro group piglets exhibited upregulated mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory genes (MYOD1, MYF6) and the cell cycle accelerator CCND1 (P < 0.05), coupled with activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway (phosphorylated STAT3 protein increased by 2.53-fold, P < 0.01). Furthermore, Pro supplementation enhanced oxidative metabolism, evidenced by elevated mitochondrial biogenesis markers (the mRNA expression levels of PPARGC1A, OPA1, and SQSTM1) and a 61.58% increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity (P < 0.05). Notably, LT-Pro group piglets showed a selective shift toward slow-twitch oxidative fibers, with both MyHC1 mRNA and protein expression levels significantly upregulated (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of MyHCIIb showed no significant change. This study identified the primary fiber formation period as a critical window. Supplementation with Pro during G20–114 reprogrammed offspring skeletal muscle development through STAT3-CCND1-mediated myoblast proliferation, enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics, and oxidative fiber specification. However, no such effects were observed during G60–114. These findings propose maternal Pro intervention as a novel strategy to enhance muscle yield and metabolic efficiency in swine production, with potential applications for improving meat quality traits linked to oxidative muscle phenotypes. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01228-3
Huiping Xu, Lu Gong, Yuming Guo
Clostridium perfringens is a pathogen that secretes multiple toxins, impacting humans and animals. It can cause intestinal diseases such as necrotic enteritis. Although tannins inhibit C. perfringens proliferation, the precise underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to systematically investigate the mechanism by which tannins, specifically pentagalloylglucose (PGG) and tannic acid (TA), inhibit C. perfringens and potential pathways to alleviate infection in vivo. Ion concentration measurements, flow cytometric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that PGG and TA damaged the cell membrane structure of C. perfringens, triggering cytoplasmic content leakage. Additionally, PGG and TA significantly affected C. perfringens at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that PGG and TA induced amino acid restriction, disrupted energy metabolism, and impeded the ability of C. perfringens to sense and respond to the external environment. In an in vitro C. perfringens-infected intestinal cell model, PGG and TA bound α toxin, significantly reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, and improved intestinal barrier function and cell viability. Compared to PGG, TA exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against C. perfringens and binding to α toxin. In vivo, PGG and TA alleviated C. perfringens-induced weight loss in mice, improved intestinal villi morphology, and reduced intestinal inflammation and tight junction gene dysregulation. These findings indicate that tannins inhibit C. perfringens, improve gut tissue integrity and reduce inflammation, demonstrating their multi-target effects of resisting intestinal diseases caused by harmful bacteria. This offers new insights for plant polyphenol-based strategies against necrotic enteritis.
{"title":"Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal multi-target mechanisms of tannins against Clostridium perfringens and necrotic enteritis","authors":"Huiping Xu, Lu Gong, Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01228-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01228-3","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium perfringens is a pathogen that secretes multiple toxins, impacting humans and animals. It can cause intestinal diseases such as necrotic enteritis. Although tannins inhibit C. perfringens proliferation, the precise underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to systematically investigate the mechanism by which tannins, specifically pentagalloylglucose (PGG) and tannic acid (TA), inhibit C. perfringens and potential pathways to alleviate infection in vivo. Ion concentration measurements, flow cytometric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that PGG and TA damaged the cell membrane structure of C. perfringens, triggering cytoplasmic content leakage. Additionally, PGG and TA significantly affected C. perfringens at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that PGG and TA induced amino acid restriction, disrupted energy metabolism, and impeded the ability of C. perfringens to sense and respond to the external environment. In an in vitro C. perfringens-infected intestinal cell model, PGG and TA bound α toxin, significantly reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, and improved intestinal barrier function and cell viability. Compared to PGG, TA exhibited stronger inhibitory activity against C. perfringens and binding to α toxin. In vivo, PGG and TA alleviated C. perfringens-induced weight loss in mice, improved intestinal villi morphology, and reduced intestinal inflammation and tight junction gene dysregulation. These findings indicate that tannins inhibit C. perfringens, improve gut tissue integrity and reduce inflammation, demonstrating their multi-target effects of resisting intestinal diseases caused by harmful bacteria. This offers new insights for plant polyphenol-based strategies against necrotic enteritis. ","PeriodicalId":14928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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